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Li J, Xu J, Wang Y, Chen Y, Ding Y, Gao W, Tan Y, Ge N, Chen Y, Ge S, Yang Q, He B, Ye X. Fusible and Radiopaque Microspheres for Embolization. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024:e2405224. [PMID: 39118578 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202405224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2024] [Revised: 05/22/2024] [Indexed: 08/10/2024]
Abstract
In this work, fusible microspheres loaded with radiopaque agents as an embolic agent for transcatheter arterial embolization (TAE) are developed. A poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) and poly(ε-caprolactone) (PCL) multi-block copolymer basing polyurethane (PCEU) is synthesized and fabricated into blank microspheres (BMs). The microspheres are elastic in compression test. A clinical contrast agent lipiodol is encapsulated in the microspheres to receive fusible radiopaque microspheres (FRMs). The sizes of FRMs are uniform and range from 142.2 to 343.1 µm. The encapsulated lipiodol acts as the plasticizer to reduce the melting temperature point (Tm) of PECU microspheres, thus, leading to the fusion of microspheres to exhibit efficient embolization in vivo. The performance of FRMs is carried out on a rabbit ear embolization model. Serious ischemic necrosis is observed and the radiopacity of FRMs sustains much longer time than that of commercial contrast agent Loversol in vivo. The fusible and radiopaque microsphere is promising to be developed as an exciting embolic agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Li
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, College of Biomedical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064, China
| | - Jingyi Xu
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, College of Biomedical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064, China
| | - Yunpeng Wang
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, College of Biomedical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064, China
| | - Yue Chen
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, College of Biomedical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064, China
| | - Yuanyuan Ding
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, College of Biomedical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064, China
| | - Wenxia Gao
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University, Chengdu, 610106, China
| | - Yexiong Tan
- National Center for Liver Cancer, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Navy Medical University, Shanghai, 201805, China
| | - Naijian Ge
- Intervention Center, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Yibin Chen
- National Center for Liver Cancer, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Navy Medical University, Shanghai, 201805, China
| | - Shennian Ge
- National Center for Liver Cancer, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Navy Medical University, Shanghai, 201805, China
| | - Qi Yang
- National Center for Liver Cancer, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Navy Medical University, Shanghai, 201805, China
| | - Bin He
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, College of Biomedical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064, China
| | - Xueting Ye
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000, China
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Kühl J, Gorb S, Kern M, Klüter T, Kühl S, Seekamp A, Fuchs S. Extrusion-based 3D printing of osteoinductive scaffolds with a spongiosa-inspired structure. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2023; 11:1268049. [PMID: 37790253 PMCID: PMC10544914 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2023.1268049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Accepted: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 10/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Critical-sized bone defects resulting from trauma, inflammation, and tumor resections are individual in their size and shape. Implants for the treatment of such defects have to consider biomechanical and biomedical factors, as well as the individual conditions within the implantation site. In this context, 3D printing technologies offer new possibilities to design and produce patient-specific implants reflecting the outer shape and internal structure of the replaced bone tissue. The selection or modification of materials used in 3D printing enables the adaption of the implant, by enhancing the osteoinductive or biomechanical properties. In this study, scaffolds with bone spongiosa-inspired structure for extrusion-based 3D printing were generated. The computer aided design process resulted in an up scaled and simplified version of the bone spongiosa. To enhance the osteoinductive properties of the 3D printed construct, polycaprolactone (PCL) was combined with 20% (wt) calcium phosphate nano powder (CaP). The implants were designed in form of a ring structure and revealed an irregular and interconnected porous structure with a calculated porosity of 35.2% and a compression strength within the range of the natural cancellous bone. The implants were assessed in terms of biocompatibility and osteoinductivity using the osteosarcoma cell line MG63 and patient-derived mesenchymal stem cells in selected experiments. Cell growth and differentiation over 14 days were monitored using confocal laser scanning microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) quantification, gene expression analysis, and quantitative assessment of calcification. MG63 cells and human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSC) adhered to the printed implants and revealed a typical elongated morphology as indicated by microscopy. Using DNA quantification, no differences for PCL or PCL-CaP in the initial adhesion of MG63 cells were observed, while the PCL-based scaffolds favored cell proliferation in the early phases of culture up to 7 days. In contrast, on PCL-CaP, cell proliferation for MG63 cells was not evident, while data from PCR and the levels of calcification, or alkaline phosphatase activity, indicated osteogenic differentiation within the PCL-CaP constructs over time. For hMSC, the highest levels in the total calcium content were observed for the PCL-CaP constructs, thus underlining the osteoinductive properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie Kühl
- Experimental Trauma Surgery, Department of Orthopedics and Trauma Surgery, University Medical Center, Kiel, Germany
| | - Stanislav Gorb
- Department of Functional Morphology and Biomechanics, Kiel University, Kiel, Germany
| | - Matthias Kern
- Department of Prosthodontics, Propaedeutics and Dental Material, University Medical Center, Kiel, Germany
| | - Tim Klüter
- Experimental Trauma Surgery, Department of Orthopedics and Trauma Surgery, University Medical Center, Kiel, Germany
| | - Sebastian Kühl
- Department of Electrical and Information Engineering, Kiel University, Kiel, Germany
| | - Andreas Seekamp
- Experimental Trauma Surgery, Department of Orthopedics and Trauma Surgery, University Medical Center, Kiel, Germany
| | - Sabine Fuchs
- Experimental Trauma Surgery, Department of Orthopedics and Trauma Surgery, University Medical Center, Kiel, Germany
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Mai J, Pratt S, Laycock B, Chan CM. Synthesis and Characterisation of Poly(3-hydroxybutyrate- co-3-hydroxyvalerate)- b-poly(3-hydroxybutyrate- co-3-hydroxyvalerate) Multi-Block Copolymers Produced Using Diisocyanate Chemistry. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:3257. [PMID: 37571152 PMCID: PMC10422281 DOI: 10.3390/polym15153257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Revised: 07/23/2023] [Accepted: 07/26/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Bacterially derived polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs) are attractive alternatives to commodity petroleum-derived plastics. The most common forms of the short chain length (scl-) PHAs, including poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) (P3HB) and poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate) (PHBV), are currently limited in application because they are relatively stiff and brittle. The synthesis of PHA-b-PHA block copolymers could enhance the physical properties of PHAs. Therefore, this work explores the synthesis of PHBV-b-PHBV using relatively high molecular weight hydroxy-functionalised PHBV starting materials, coupled using facile diisocyanate chemistry, delivering industrially relevant high-molecular-weight block copolymeric products. A two-step synthesis approach was compared with a one-step approach, both of which resulted in successful block copolymer production. However, the two-step synthesis was shown to be less effective in building molecular weight. Both synthetic approaches were affected by additional isocyanate reactions resulting in the formation of by-products such as allophanate and likely biuret groups, which delivered partial cross-linking and higher molecular weights in the resulting multi-block products, identified for the first time as likely and significant by-products in such reactions, affecting the product performance.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Bronwyn Laycock
- School of Chemical Engineering, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia; (J.M.); (S.P.)
| | - Clement Matthew Chan
- School of Chemical Engineering, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia; (J.M.); (S.P.)
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Khodir WKWA, Ismail MW, Hamid SA, Daik R, Susanti D, Taher M, Guarino V. Synthesis and Characterization of Ciprofloxacin Loaded Star-Shaped Polycaprolactone-Polyethylene Glycol Hydrogels for Oral Delivery. MICROMACHINES 2023; 14:1382. [PMID: 37512693 PMCID: PMC10383659 DOI: 10.3390/mi14071382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2023] [Revised: 06/14/2023] [Accepted: 06/28/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023]
Abstract
The administration of poorly water-soluble drugs represents a relevant problem due to the low body fluids transport efficiency through hydrophilic hydrogels. Star-shaped co-polymers, i.e., amphiphilic polymers such as those with a hydrophobic core and a hydrophilic outer shell, can be used to improve weak interactions with drugs, with relevant benefits in terms of administration and controlled delivery. In this work, two different co-polymers, four-arm star-shaped PCL-PEG and six-arm star-shaped PCL-PEG, were synthesized via ring-opening polymerization to be loaded with ciprofloxacin. 1H-NMR and FTIR analyses confirmed that PCL arms were successfully grafted to the mPEG backbone, while DSC analysis indicated similar crystallinity and melting point, ranging from 56 to 60 °C, independent of the different co-polymer architecture. Therefore, both star-shaped PCL-PEGs were investigated as cargo device for ciprofloxacin. No significant differences were observed in terms of drug entrapment efficiency (>95%) and drug release, characterized by a pronounced burst followed by a slow sustained release, only slightly affected by the co-polymer architecture. This result was also confirmed with curve fitting via the Korsmeyer-Peppas model. Lastly, good antibacterial properties and biocompatibility exhibited in both star-shaped PCL-PEG co-polymers suggest a promising use for oral delivery applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wan Khartini Wan Abdul Khodir
- Department of Chemistry, Kulliyyah of Science, International Islamic University Malaysia Kuantan Campus, Bandar Indera Mahkota, Kuantan 25200, Pahang, Malaysia
- Synthetic and Functional Materials Research Group (SYNTOF), Kulliyyah of Science, International Islamic University Malaysia Kuantan Campus, Bandar Indera Mahkota, Kuantan 25200, Pahang, Malaysia
| | - Mohamad Wafiuddin Ismail
- Department of Chemistry, Kulliyyah of Science, International Islamic University Malaysia Kuantan Campus, Bandar Indera Mahkota, Kuantan 25200, Pahang, Malaysia
| | - Shafida Abd Hamid
- Department of Chemistry, Kulliyyah of Science, International Islamic University Malaysia Kuantan Campus, Bandar Indera Mahkota, Kuantan 25200, Pahang, Malaysia
- Synthetic and Functional Materials Research Group (SYNTOF), Kulliyyah of Science, International Islamic University Malaysia Kuantan Campus, Bandar Indera Mahkota, Kuantan 25200, Pahang, Malaysia
| | - Rusli Daik
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Science & Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi 43600, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Deny Susanti
- Department of Chemistry, Kulliyyah of Science, International Islamic University Malaysia Kuantan Campus, Bandar Indera Mahkota, Kuantan 25200, Pahang, Malaysia
| | - Muhammad Taher
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Kulliyyah of Pharmacy, International Islamic University Malaysia Kuantan Campus, Bandar Indera Mahkota, Kuantan 25200, Pahang, Malaysia
| | - Vincenzo Guarino
- Institute of Polymers, Composites and Biomaterials, National Research Council of Italy, Mostra d'Oltremare Pad.20, V.le J.F.Kennedy 54, 80125 Naples, Italy
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Funfuenha W, Punyodom W, Meepowpan P, Limwanich W. Microwave-assisted solvent-free ring-opening polymerization of ε-caprolactone initiated by n-butyltin(IV) chlorides. Polym Bull (Berl) 2023. [DOI: 10.1007/s00289-023-04720-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/18/2023]
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6
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Politakos N. Block Copolymers in 3D/4D Printing: Advances and Applications as Biomaterials. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:polym15020322. [PMID: 36679203 PMCID: PMC9864278 DOI: 10.3390/polym15020322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Revised: 01/03/2023] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
3D printing is a manufacturing technique in constant evolution. Day by day, new materials and methods are discovered, making 3D printing continually develop. 3D printers are also evolving, giving us objects with better resolution, faster, and in mass production. One of the areas in 3D printing that has excellent potential is 4D printing. It is a technique involving materials that can react to an environmental stimulus (pH, heat, magnetism, humidity, electricity, and light), causing an alteration in their physical or chemical state and performing another function. Lately, 3D/4D printing has been increasingly used for fabricating materials aiming at drug delivery, scaffolds, bioinks, tissue engineering (soft and hard), synthetic organs, and even printed cells. The majority of the materials used in 3D printing are polymeric. These materials can be of natural origin or synthetic ones of different architectures and combinations. The use of block copolymers can combine the exemplary properties of both blocks to have better mechanics, processability, biocompatibility, and possible stimulus behavior via tunable structures. This review has gathered fundamental aspects of 3D/4D printing for biomaterials, and it shows the advances and applications of block copolymers in the field of biomaterials over the last years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikolaos Politakos
- POLYMAT, Applied Chemistry Department, Faculty of Chemistry, University of the Basque Country, UPV/EHU, Paseo Manuel de Lardizabal 3, 20018 Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain
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7
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Adhesion Improvement of Solvent-Free Pressure-Sensitive Adhesives by Semi-IPN Using Polyurethanes and Acrylic Polymers. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14193963. [PMID: 36235911 PMCID: PMC9571291 DOI: 10.3390/polym14193963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2022] [Revised: 09/17/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
To improve the peel strength and holding time of polypropylene glycol (PPG)-based pressure-sensitive adhesives (PSAs), a semi-interpenetrating polymer network (semi-IPN) was prepared using acrylic polymers. In addition, to prevent air pollution due to volatile organic compound emissions and avoid the degradation of physical properties due to a residual solvent, the PPG-based semi-IPN PSAs were fabricated by an eco-friendly solvent-free method using an acrylic monomer instead of an organic solvent. PPG-based semi-IPN PSAs with different hard segment contents (2.9–17.2%) were synthesized; their holding time was found to depend on the hard segment contents. The peel strength was improved because of the formation of the semi-IPN structure. Moreover, the high degree of hard domain formation in the semi-IPN PSA, derived from the increase in the hard segment content using a chain extender, resulted in a holding time improvement. We believe that the as-prepared PSAs can be used in various applications that require high creep resistance.
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8
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Ali A, Ul Amin B, Yu W, Gui T, Cong W, Zhang K, Tong Z, Hu J, Zhan X, Zhang Q. Eco-friendly biodegradable polyurethane based coating for antibacterial and antifouling performance. Chin J Chem Eng 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cjche.2022.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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9
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Grivet-Brancot A, Boffito M, Ciardelli G. Use of Polyesters in Fused Deposition Modeling for Biomedical Applications. Macromol Biosci 2022; 22:e2200039. [PMID: 35488769 DOI: 10.1002/mabi.202200039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2022] [Revised: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
In recent years, 3D printing techniques experienced a growing interest in several sectors, including the biomedical one. Their main advantage resides in the possibility to obtain complex and personalized structures in a cost-effective way impossible to achieve with traditional production methods. This is especially true for Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM), one of the most diffused 3D printing methods. The easy customization of the final products' geometry, composition and physico-chemical properties is particularly interesting for the increasingly personalized approach adopted in modern medicine. Thermoplastic polymers are the preferred choice for FDM applications, and a wide selection of biocompatible and biodegradable materials is available to this aim. Moreover, these polymers can also be easily modified before and after printing to better suit the body environment and the mechanical properties of biological tissues. This review focuses on the use of thermoplastic aliphatic polyesters for FDM applications in the biomedical field. In detail, the use of poly(ε-caprolactone), poly(lactic acid), poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid), poly(hydroxyalkanoate)s, thermo-plastic poly(ester urethane)s and their blends has been thoroughly surveyed, with particular attention to their main features, applicability and workability. The state-of-the-art is presented and current challenges in integrating the additive manufacturing technology in the medical practice are discussed. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arianna Grivet-Brancot
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Politecnico di Torino, Corso Duca degli Abruzzi, 24, Torino, 10129, Italy.,Department of Surgical Sciences, Università di Torino, Corso Dogliotti 14, Torino, 10126, Italy
| | - Monica Boffito
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Politecnico di Torino, Corso Duca degli Abruzzi, 24, Torino, 10129, Italy
| | - Gianluca Ciardelli
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Politecnico di Torino, Corso Duca degli Abruzzi, 24, Torino, 10129, Italy
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Jiang T, Yang T, Bao Q, Sun W, Yang M, Mao C. Construction of tissue-customized hydrogels from cross-linkable materials for effective tissue regeneration. J Mater Chem B 2021; 10:4741-4758. [PMID: 34812829 DOI: 10.1039/d1tb01935j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Hydrogels are prevalent scaffolds for tissue regeneration because of their hierarchical architectures along with outstanding biocompatibility and unique rheological and mechanical properties. For decades, researchers have found that many materials (natural, synthetic, or hybrid) can form hydrogels using different cross-linking strategies. Traditional strategies for fabricating hydrogels include physical, chemical, and enzymatical cross-linking methods. However, due to the diverse characteristics of different tissues/organs to be regenerated, tissue-customized hydrogels need to be developed through precisely controlled processes, making the manufacture of hydrogels reliant on novel cross-linking strategies. Thus, hybrid cross-linkable materials are proposed to tackle this challenge through hybrid cross-linking strategies. Here, different cross-linkable materials and their associated cross-linking strategies are summarized. From the perspective of the major characteristics of the target tissues/organs, we critically analyze how different cross-linking strategies are tailored to fit the regeneration of such tissues and organs. To further advance this field, more appropriate cross-linkable materials and cross-linking strategies should be investigated. In addition, some innovative technologies, such as 3D bioprinting, the internet of medical things (IoMT), and artificial intelligence (AI), are also proposed to improve the development of hydrogels for more efficient tissue regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tongmeng Jiang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310027, P. R. China
| | - Tao Yang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310027, P. R. China
| | - Qing Bao
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310027, P. R. China
| | - Weilian Sun
- Department of Periodontology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310009, P. R. China.
| | - Mingying Yang
- Institute of Applied Bioresource Research, College of Animal Science, Zhejiang University, Yuhangtang Road 866, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, P. R. China.
| | - Chuanbin Mao
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK 73019, USA.
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Lores NJ, Hung X, Talou MH, Abraham GA, Caracciolo PC. Novel three‐dimensional printing of poly(ester urethane) scaffolds for biomedical applications. POLYM ADVAN TECHNOL 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/pat.5342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nayla J. Lores
- División Polímeros Biomédicos, Instituto de Investigaciones en Ciencia y Tecnología de Materiales INTEMA (UNMdP‐CONICET) Mar del Plata Argentina
| | - Xavier Hung
- División Cerámicos, Instituto de Investigaciones en Ciencia y Tecnología de Materiales INTEMA (UNMdP‐CONICET) Mar del Plata Argentina
| | - Mariano H. Talou
- División Cerámicos, Instituto de Investigaciones en Ciencia y Tecnología de Materiales INTEMA (UNMdP‐CONICET) Mar del Plata Argentina
| | - Gustavo A. Abraham
- División Polímeros Biomédicos, Instituto de Investigaciones en Ciencia y Tecnología de Materiales INTEMA (UNMdP‐CONICET) Mar del Plata Argentina
| | - Pablo C. Caracciolo
- División Polímeros Biomédicos, Instituto de Investigaciones en Ciencia y Tecnología de Materiales INTEMA (UNMdP‐CONICET) Mar del Plata Argentina
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Wang D, Zhang X, Huang S, Liu Y, Fu BSC, Mak KKL, Blocki AM, Yung PSH, Tuan RS, Ker DFE. Engineering multi-tissue units for regenerative Medicine: Bone-tendon-muscle units of the rotator cuff. Biomaterials 2021; 272:120789. [PMID: 33845368 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2021.120789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2020] [Revised: 03/25/2021] [Accepted: 03/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Our body systems are comprised of numerous multi-tissue units. For the musculoskeletal system, one of the predominant functional units is comprised of bone, tendon/ligament, and muscle tissues working in tandem to facilitate locomotion. To successfully treat musculoskeletal injuries and diseases, critical consideration and thoughtful integration of clinical, biological, and engineering aspects are necessary to achieve translational bench-to-bedside research. In particular, identifying ideal biomaterial design specifications, understanding prior and recent tissue engineering advances, and judicious application of biomaterial and fabrication technologies will be crucial for addressing current clinical challenges in engineering multi-tissue units. Using rotator cuff tears as an example, insights relevant for engineering a bone-tendon-muscle multi-tissue unit are presented. This review highlights the tissue engineering strategies for musculoskeletal repair and regeneration with implications for other bone-tendon-muscle units, their derivatives, and analogous non-musculoskeletal tissue structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Wang
- Institute for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR; School of Biomedical Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR; Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine, School of Biomedical Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR; Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR
| | - Xu Zhang
- Institute for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR; School of Biomedical Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR
| | - Shuting Huang
- Institute for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR; School of Biomedical Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR
| | - Yang Liu
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR
| | - Bruma Sai-Chuen Fu
- Institute for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR; Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR
| | | | - Anna Maria Blocki
- Institute for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR; School of Biomedical Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR; Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR
| | - Patrick Shu-Hang Yung
- Institute for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR; Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR
| | - Rocky S Tuan
- Institute for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR; School of Biomedical Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR
| | - Dai Fei Elmer Ker
- Institute for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR; School of Biomedical Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR; Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine, School of Biomedical Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR; Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR.
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Omidi-Ghallemohamadi M, Jafari P, Behniafar H. Polyurethane elastomer–silica hybrid films based on oxytetramethylene soft segments: thermal and thermo-mechanical investigations. JOURNAL OF POLYMER RESEARCH 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s10965-021-02466-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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14
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Li X, Li M, Shou Q, Zhou L, Ge A, Pei D, Li C. Liquid Metal Initiator of Ring-Opening Polymerization: Self-Capsulation into Thermal/Photomoldable Powder for Multifunctional Composites. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2020; 32:e2003553. [PMID: 32954573 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202003553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2020] [Revised: 08/11/2020] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Liquid metal nanodroplets not only share similar metallic properties and nanoscale effect with solid metal nanoparticles, but also possess the additional uniqueness in nonvolatile fluidity and ambient sintering ability into continuous conductors. In most cases, liquid metal nanodroplets are encapsulated into ultrathin and fragile shells of oxides and amphiphile monolayers, and may be hindered from incorporating homogeneously into various composites through conventional processing methods. In this study, ring-opening polymerization is found to be initiated by sonicating the liquid metal EGaIn in fluidic lactones. By this in situ polymerization, EGaIn nanodroplets are encapsulated into polylactone shells with tunable thickness, which can further be dried into a solid powder. Besides high chemical stability and dispersibility in organic solvents, the powder of the EGaIn capsules combines the exceptional properties of the EGaIn droplets (e.g., photothermal effect) and the polylactone shells (e.g., biocompatibility, biodegradability, and compatibility with different polymer matrixes), being capable of being introduced into thermoplastic composites through liquid casting and thermal- or photomolding for the notch-insensitive tearing property, sintering-induced electric conductivity, and photothermal effect. Thus, the EGaIn initiator of ring-opening polymerization may start a pathway to produce stable andthermal/photomoldable powders of EGaIn capsules and their multifunctionalcomposites, applicable in biomedicines, soft electronics, and smart robots.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiankai Li
- Group of Biomimetic Smart Materials, CAS Key Lab of Bio-Based Materials, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Songling Road 189, Qingdao, 266101, P. R. China
- Center of Material and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Mingjie Li
- Group of Biomimetic Smart Materials, CAS Key Lab of Bio-Based Materials, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Songling Road 189, Qingdao, 266101, P. R. China
- Center of Material and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Qinghui Shou
- Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Songling Road 189, Qingdao, 266101, P. R. China
| | - Li Zhou
- Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Songling Road 189, Qingdao, 266101, P. R. China
| | - Anle Ge
- Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Songling Road 189, Qingdao, 266101, P. R. China
| | - Danfeng Pei
- Group of Biomimetic Smart Materials, CAS Key Lab of Bio-Based Materials, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Songling Road 189, Qingdao, 266101, P. R. China
| | - Chaoxu Li
- Group of Biomimetic Smart Materials, CAS Key Lab of Bio-Based Materials, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Songling Road 189, Qingdao, 266101, P. R. China
- Center of Material and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
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Driest P, Dijkstra D, Stamatialis D, Grijpma D. Tough combinatorial poly(urethane-isocyanurate) polymer networks and hydrogels synthesized by the trimerization of mixtures of NCO-prepolymers. Acta Biomater 2020; 105:87-96. [PMID: 31978622 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2020.01.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2019] [Revised: 01/14/2020] [Accepted: 01/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The development of tough hydrogels is an essential but challenging topic in biomaterials research that has received much attention over the past years. By the combinatorial synthesis of polymer networks and hydrogels based on prepolymers with different properties, new materials with widely varying characteristics and unexpected properties may be identified. In this paper, we report on the properties of combinatorial poly(urethane-isocyanurate) (PUI) type polymer networks that were synthesized by the trimerization of mixtures of NCO-functionalized poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG), poly(propylene gylcol) (PPG), poly(ε-caprolactone) (PCL) and poly(trimethylene carbonate) (PTMC) prepolymers in solution. The resulting polymer networks showed widely varying material properties. Combinatorial PUI networks containing at least one hydrophilic PEG component showed high water uptakes of >100 wt%. The resulting hydrogels demonstrated elastic moduli of up to 10.1 MPa, ultimate tensile strengths of up to 9.8 MPa, elongation at break values of up to 624.0% and toughness values of up to 53.4 MJ m-3. These values are exceptionally high and show that combinatorial PUI hydrogels are among the toughest hydrogels reported in the literature. Also, the simple two-step synthesis and wide range of suitable starting materials make this synthesis method more versatile and widely applicable than the existing methods for synthesizing tough hydrogels. An important finding of this work is that the presence of a hydrophobic network component significantly enhances the toughness and tensile strength of the combinatorial PUI hydrogels in the hydrated state. This enhancement is the largest when the hydrophobic network component is crystallizable in nature. In fact, the PUI hydrogels containing a crystallizable hydrophobic network component are shown to be semi-crystalline in the water-swollen state. Due to their high toughness values in the water-swollen state together with their water uptake values, elastic moduli and ultimate tensile strengths, the developed hydrogels are expected to be promising materials for biomedical coating- and adhesive applications, as well as for tissue-engineering. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: The development of tough hydrogels is a challenging topic that has received much attention over the past years. At present, double network type hydrogels are considered state-of-the-art in the field, demonstrating toughness values of several tens of MJ m-3. However, in terms of ease and versatility of the synthesis method, the possibilities are limited using a double network approach. In this work, we present combinatorial poly(urethane-isocyanurate) type polymer networks and hydrogels, synthesized by the trimerization of mixtures of NCO-functionalized prepolymers. The resulting hydrogels demonstrate exceptionally high toughness values of up to 53 MJ m-3, while the synthesis method is versatile and widely applicable. This new class of hydrogels is therefore considered highly promising in the future development of load-bearing biomaterials.
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Medical-Grade PCL Based Polyurethane System for FDM 3D Printing-Characterization and Fabrication. MATERIALS 2019; 12:ma12060887. [PMID: 30884832 PMCID: PMC6471510 DOI: 10.3390/ma12060887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2019] [Revised: 03/12/2019] [Accepted: 03/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The widespread use of three-dimensional (3D) printing technologies in medicine has contributed to the increased demand for 3D printing materials. In addition, new printing materials that are appearing in the industry do not provide a detailed material characterization. In this paper, we present the synthesis and characterization of polycaprolactone (PCL) based medical-grade thermoplastic polyurethanes, which are suitable for forming in a filament that is dedicated to Fused Deposition Modeling 3D (FDM 3D)printers. For this purpose, we synthesized polyurethane that is based on PCL and 1,6-hexamethylene diisocyanate (HDI) with a different isocyanate index NCO:OH (0.9:1, 1.1:1). Particular characteristics of synthesized materials included, structural properties (FTIR, Raman), thermal (differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA)), mechanical and surfaces (contact angle) properties. Moreover, pre-biological tests in vitro and degradation studies were also performed. On the basis of the conducted tests, a material with more desirable properties S-TPU(PCL)0.9 was selected and the optimization of filament forming via melt-extrusion process was described. The initial biological test showed the biocompatibility of synthesized S-TPU(PCL)0.9 with respect to C2C12 cells. It was noticed that the process of thermoplastic polyurethanes (TPU) filaments forming by extrusion was significantly influenced by the appropriate ratio between the temperature profile, rotation speed, and dosage ratio.
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