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Ortega-Sánchez C, Melgarejo-Ramírez Y, Rodríguez-Rodríguez R, Jiménez-Ávalos JA, Giraldo-Gomez DM, Gutiérrez-Gómez C, Rodriguez-Campos J, Luna-Bárcenas G, Velasquillo C, Martínez-López V, García-Carvajal ZY. Hydrogel Based on Chitosan/Gelatin/Poly(Vinyl Alcohol) for In Vitro Human Auricular Chondrocyte Culture. Polymers (Basel) 2024; 16:479. [PMID: 38399857 PMCID: PMC10892533 DOI: 10.3390/polym16040479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2023] [Revised: 02/03/2024] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Three-dimensional (3D) hydrogels provide tissue-like complexities and allow for the spatial orientation of cells, leading to more realistic cellular responses in pathophysiological environments. There is a growing interest in developing multifunctional hydrogels using ternary mixtures for biomedical applications. This study examined the biocompatibility and suitability of human auricular chondrocytes from microtia cultured onto steam-sterilized 3D Chitosan/Gelatin/Poly(Vinyl Alcohol) (CS/Gel/PVA) hydrogels as scaffolds for tissue engineering applications. Hydrogels were prepared in a polymer ratio (1:1:1) through freezing/thawing and freeze-drying and were sterilized by autoclaving. The macrostructure of the resulting hydrogels was investigated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), showing a heterogeneous macroporous structure with a pore size between 50 and 500 μm. Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectra showed that the three polymers interacted through hydrogen bonding between the amino and hydroxyl moieties. The profile of amino acids present in the gelatin and the hydrogel was determined by ultra-performance liquid chromatography (UPLC), suggesting that the majority of amino acids interacted during the formation of the hydrogel. The cytocompatibility, viability, cell growth and formation of extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins were evaluated to demonstrate the suitability and functionality of the 3D hydrogels for the culture of auricular chondrocytes. The cytocompatibility of the 3D hydrogels was confirmed using a 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay, reaching 100% viability after 72 h. Chondrocyte viability showed a high affinity of chondrocytes for the hydrogel after 14 days, using the Live/Dead assay. The chondrocyte attachment onto the 3D hydrogels and the formation of an ECM were observed using SEM. Immunofluorescence confirmed the expression of elastin, aggrecan and type II collagen, three of the main components found in an elastic cartilage extracellular matrix. These results demonstrate the suitability and functionality of a CS/Gel/PVA hydrogel as a 3D support for the auricular chondrocytes culture, suggesting that these hydrogels are a potential biomaterial for cartilage tissue engineering applications, aimed at the regeneration of elastic cartilage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmina Ortega-Sánchez
- Laboratorio de Biotecnología, Unidad de Gerociencias, Instituto Nacional de Rehabilitación Luis Guillermo Ibarra Ibarra, Ciudad de México 14389, Mexico; (C.O.-S.); (Y.M.-R.)
| | - Yaaziel Melgarejo-Ramírez
- Laboratorio de Biotecnología, Unidad de Gerociencias, Instituto Nacional de Rehabilitación Luis Guillermo Ibarra Ibarra, Ciudad de México 14389, Mexico; (C.O.-S.); (Y.M.-R.)
| | - Rogelio Rodríguez-Rodríguez
- Biotecnología Médica y Farmacéutica, Centro de Investigación y Asistencia en Tecnología y Diseño del Estado de Jalisco A.C. (CIATEJ), Av. Normalistas No. 800, Col. Colinas de la Normal, Guadalajara 44270, Jalisco, Mexico; (R.R.-R.); (J.A.J.-Á.)
| | - Jorge Armando Jiménez-Ávalos
- Biotecnología Médica y Farmacéutica, Centro de Investigación y Asistencia en Tecnología y Diseño del Estado de Jalisco A.C. (CIATEJ), Av. Normalistas No. 800, Col. Colinas de la Normal, Guadalajara 44270, Jalisco, Mexico; (R.R.-R.); (J.A.J.-Á.)
| | - David M. Giraldo-Gomez
- Unidad de Microscopia, Departamento de Biología Celular y Tisular, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Avenida Universidad 3000, Circuito Interior, Edificio “A” Planta Baja, Ciudad Universitaria, Coyoacán, Ciudad de México 04510, Mexico;
| | - Claudia Gutiérrez-Gómez
- División de Cirugía Plástica y Reconstructiva, Hospital General Dr. Manuel Gea González, Ciudad de México 14080, Mexico;
| | - Jacobo Rodriguez-Campos
- Servicios Analíticos y Metrológicos, Centro de Investigación y Asistencia en Tecnología y Diseño del Estado de Jalisco A.C. (CIATEJ), Av. Normalistas No. 800, Col. Colinas de la Normal, Guadalajara 44270, Jalisco, Mexico;
| | - Gabriel Luna-Bárcenas
- Institute of Advanced Materials for Sustainable Manufacturing Tecnológico de Monterrey, Epigmenio González 500, San Pablo, Santiago de Querétaro 76130, Querétaro, Mexico;
| | - Cristina Velasquillo
- Unidad de Ingeniería de Tejidos Terapia Celular y Medicina Regenerativa, Instituto Nacional de Rehabilitación Luis Guillermo Ibarra Ibarra, Ciudad de México 14389, Mexico
| | - Valentín Martínez-López
- Unidad de Ingeniería de Tejidos Terapia Celular y Medicina Regenerativa, Instituto Nacional de Rehabilitación Luis Guillermo Ibarra Ibarra, Ciudad de México 14389, Mexico
| | - Zaira Y. García-Carvajal
- Unidad de Microscopia, Departamento de Biología Celular y Tisular, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Avenida Universidad 3000, Circuito Interior, Edificio “A” Planta Baja, Ciudad Universitaria, Coyoacán, Ciudad de México 04510, Mexico;
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Semitela Â, Pinto SC, Capitão A, Marques PAAP, Completo A. Fabrication of Customizable and Reproducible 3D Chondrocyte-Laden Nanofibrous Architectures: Effect of Specific Fiber Alignments and Porosities on Chondrocyte Response under Cyclic Compression. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2023; 6:5541-5554. [PMID: 37947854 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.3c00737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Abstract
Electrospinning has been widely employed to fabricate complex extracellular matrix-like microenvironments for tissue engineering due to its ability to replicate structurally biomimetic micro- and nanotopographic cues. Nevertheless, these nanofibrous structures are typically either confined to bidimensional systems or confined to three-dimensional ones that are unable to provide controlled multiscale patterns. Thus, an electrospinning modality was used in this work to fabricate chondrocyte-laden nanofibrous scaffolds with highly customizable three-dimensional (3D) architectures in an automated manner, with the ultimate goal of recreating a suitable 3D scaffold for articular cartilage tissue engineering. Three distinct architectures were designed and fabricated by combining multiple nanofibrous and chondrocyte-laden hydrogel layers and tested in vitro in a compression bioreactor system. Results demonstrated that it was possible to precisely control the placement and alignment of electrospun polycaprolactone and gelatin nanofibers, generating three unique architectures with distinctive macroscale porosity, water absorption capacity, and mechanical properties. The architecture organized in a lattice-like fashion was highly porous with substantial pore interconnectivity, resulting in a high-water absorption capacity but a poor compression modulus and relatively weaker energy dissipation capacity. The donut-like 3D geometry was the densest, with lower swelling, but the highest compression modulus and improved energy dissipation ability. The third architecture combined a lattice and donut-like fibrous arrangement, exhibiting intermediary behavior in terms of porosity, water absorption, compression modulus, and energy dissipation capacity. The properties of the donut-like 3D architecture demonstrated great potential for articular cartilage tissue engineering, as it mimicked key topographic, chemical, and mechanical characteristics of chondrocytes' surrounding environment. In fact, the combination of these architectural features with a dynamically compressive mechanical stimulus triggered the best in vitro results in terms of viability and biosynthetic production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ângela Semitela
- Centre of Mechanical Technology and Automation (TEMA), Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Susana C Pinto
- Centre of Mechanical Technology and Automation (TEMA), Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Ana Capitão
- Centre for Neuroscience and Cell Biology (CNC), University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Paula A A P Marques
- Centre of Mechanical Technology and Automation (TEMA), Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - António Completo
- Centre of Mechanical Technology and Automation (TEMA), Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
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Anderson B, Blair D, Huff K, Wisniewski J, Warner KS, Kauser K. Photochemical Modification of the Extracellular Matrix to Alter the Vascular Remodeling Process. J Funct Biomater 2023; 14:566. [PMID: 38132820 PMCID: PMC10744111 DOI: 10.3390/jfb14120566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2023] [Revised: 12/08/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Therapeutic interventions for vascular diseases aim at achieving long-term patency by controlling vascular remodeling. The extracellular matrix (ECM) of the vessel wall plays a crucial role in regulating this process. This study introduces a novel photochemical treatment known as Natural Vascular Scaffolding, utilizing a 4-amino substituted 1,8-naphthimide (10-8-10 Dimer) and 450 nm light. This treatment induces structural changes in the ECM by forming covalent bonds between amino acids in ECM fibers without harming vascular cell survival, as evidenced by our results. To further investigate the mechanism of this treatment, porcine carotid artery segments were exposed to 10-8-10 Dimer and light activation. Subsequent experiments subjected these segments to enzymatic degradation through elastase or collagenase treatment and were analyzed using digital image analysis software (MIPAR) after histological processing. The results demonstrated significant preservation of collagen and elastin structures in the photochemically treated vascular wall, compared to controls. This suggests that photochemical treatment can effectively modulate vascular remodeling by enhancing the resistance of the ECM scaffold to degradation. This approach shows promise in scenarios where vascular segments experience significant hemodynamic fluctuations as it reinforces vascular wall integrity and preserves lumen patency. This can be valuable in treating veins prior to fistula creation and grafting or managing arterial aneurysm expansion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Blake Anderson
- Biology Department, Alucent Biomedical Inc., Salt Lake City, UT 84108, USA;
| | - Dylan Blair
- Engineering Department, Alucent Biomedical Inc., Salt Lake City, UT 84108, USA; (D.B.); (K.H.)
| | - Kenji Huff
- Engineering Department, Alucent Biomedical Inc., Salt Lake City, UT 84108, USA; (D.B.); (K.H.)
| | - John Wisniewski
- Pharmaceutical Development, Alucent Biomedical Inc., Salt Lake City, UT 84108, USA; (J.W.); (K.S.W.)
| | - Kevin S. Warner
- Pharmaceutical Development, Alucent Biomedical Inc., Salt Lake City, UT 84108, USA; (J.W.); (K.S.W.)
| | - Katalin Kauser
- Biology Department, Alucent Biomedical Inc., Salt Lake City, UT 84108, USA;
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Lumelsky N, Hunziker R, Krebs MD. Editorial: Patterning tissue microenvironment for optimizing wound healing and endogenous regeneration. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2023; 11:1341574. [PMID: 38107619 PMCID: PMC10722405 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2023.1341574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2023] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Nadya Lumelsky
- National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Rosemarie Hunziker
- Advanced Regenerative Manufacturing Institute, Manchester, NH, United States
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Oztemur J, Ozdemir S, Tezcan-Unlu H, Cecener G, Sezgin H, Yalcin-Enis I. Investigation of biodegradability and cellular activity of PCL/PLA and PCL/PLLA electrospun webs for tissue engineering applications. Biopolymers 2023; 114:e23564. [PMID: 37614178 DOI: 10.1002/bip.23564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2023] [Revised: 07/10/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 08/25/2023]
Abstract
Biodegradability and cellular activity are key performance indicators that should be prioritized for tissue engineering applications. Biopolymer selection, determination of necessary structural properties, and their synergistic interactions play an active role in obtaining the expected biodegradability and biological activity from scaffolds. In this study, it is aimed to produce electrospun webs with improved biocompatibility by blending polycaprolactone (PCL) with polylactic acid (PLA) and poly-l-lactide (PLLA), and examine the effect of biopolymer selection and blend ratio on the biodegradability and cellular activity of surfaces. In this context, fibrous webs are produced from PCL/PLA and PCL/PLLA blends with a weight ratio of 80/20 and 50/50 and pure polymers of PCL, PLA, and PLLA by electrospinning method and subjected to morphological and biological analyses. The biodegradation tests are carried out hydrolytically while the cell viability and cell proliferation analyses are performed with adult human primary dermal fibroblasts and human umbilical endothelial cells (HUVECs). The results show that the fiber diameters of the fabricated webs ranged from 0.747 to 1.685 μm. At the end of the 5th month, it is observed that the biodegradation rates of the webs blended 50% with PLA and PLLA, in comparison to PCL ones, increase from 3.7% to 13.33% and 7.69%, respectively. On the other hand, cell culture results highlight that the addition of 20% PLA and PLLA improves the cellular activity of both cell types, but increased PLA or PLLA ratio in PCL webs has a negative effect as it makes the structure stiff and brittle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janset Oztemur
- Textile Engineering Department, Istanbul Technical University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Suzan Ozdemir
- Textile Engineering Department, Istanbul Technical University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Havva Tezcan-Unlu
- Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Bursa Uludag University, Bursa, Turkey
| | - Gulsah Cecener
- Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Bursa Uludag University, Bursa, Turkey
| | - Hande Sezgin
- Textile Engineering Department, Istanbul Technical University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ipek Yalcin-Enis
- Textile Engineering Department, Istanbul Technical University, Istanbul, Turkey
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Hao D, Lin J, Liu R, Pivetti C, Yamashiro K, Schutzman LM, Sageshima J, Kwong M, Bahatyrevich N, Farmer DL, Humphries MD, Lam KS, Panitch A, Wang A. A bio-instructive parylene-based conformal coating suppresses thrombosis and intimal hyperplasia of implantable vascular devices. Bioact Mater 2023; 28:467-479. [PMID: 37408799 PMCID: PMC10318457 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2023.06.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2023] [Revised: 06/17/2023] [Accepted: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Implantable vascular devices are widely used in clinical treatments for various vascular diseases. However, current approved clinical implantable vascular devices generally have high failure rates primarily due to their surface lacking inherent functional endothelium. Here, inspired by the pathological mechanisms of vascular device failure and physiological functions of native endothelium, we developed a new generation of bioactive parylene (poly(p-xylylene))-based conformal coating to address these challenges of the vascular devices. This coating used a polyethylene glycol (PEG) linker to introduce an endothelial progenitor cell (EPC) specific binding ligand LXW7 (cGRGDdvc) onto the vascular devices for preventing platelet adhesion and selectively capturing endogenous EPCs. Also, we confirmed the long-term stability and function of this coating in human serum. Using two vascular disease-related large animal models, a porcine carotid artery interposition model and a porcine carotid artery-jugular vein arteriovenous graft model, we demonstrated that this coating enabled rapid generation of self-renewable "living" endothelium on the blood contacting surface of the expanded polytetrafluoroethylene (ePTFE) grafts after implantation. We expect this easy-to-apply conformal coating will present a promising avenue to engineer surface properties of "off-the-shelf" implantable vascular devices for long-lasting performance in the clinical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dake Hao
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, University of California Davis, Sacramento, CA, 95817, United States
- Institute for Pediatric Regenerative Medicine, Shriners Hospitals for Children, Sacramento, CA, 95817, United States
| | - Jonathan Lin
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, University of California Davis, Sacramento, CA, 95817, United States
| | - Ruiwu Liu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California Davis, Sacramento, CA, 95817, United States
| | - Christopher Pivetti
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, University of California Davis, Sacramento, CA, 95817, United States
- Institute for Pediatric Regenerative Medicine, Shriners Hospitals for Children, Sacramento, CA, 95817, United States
| | - Kaeli Yamashiro
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, University of California Davis, Sacramento, CA, 95817, United States
| | - Linda M. Schutzman
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, University of California Davis, Sacramento, CA, 95817, United States
| | - Junichiro Sageshima
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, University of California Davis, Sacramento, CA, 95817, United States
| | - Mimmie Kwong
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, University of California Davis, Sacramento, CA, 95817, United States
| | - Nataliya Bahatyrevich
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, University of California Davis, Sacramento, CA, 95817, United States
| | - Diana L. Farmer
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, University of California Davis, Sacramento, CA, 95817, United States
- Institute for Pediatric Regenerative Medicine, Shriners Hospitals for Children, Sacramento, CA, 95817, United States
| | - Misty D. Humphries
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, University of California Davis, Sacramento, CA, 95817, United States
| | - Kit S. Lam
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California Davis, Sacramento, CA, 95817, United States
| | - Alyssa Panitch
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, Atlanta, GA, 30332, United States
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, 95616, United States
| | - Aijun Wang
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, University of California Davis, Sacramento, CA, 95817, United States
- Institute for Pediatric Regenerative Medicine, Shriners Hospitals for Children, Sacramento, CA, 95817, United States
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, 95616, United States
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7
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Jones CL, Penney BT, Theodossiou SK. Engineering Cell-ECM-Material Interactions for Musculoskeletal Regeneration. Bioengineering (Basel) 2023; 10:bioengineering10040453. [PMID: 37106640 PMCID: PMC10135874 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering10040453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2023] [Revised: 03/23/2023] [Accepted: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The extracellular microenvironment regulates many of the mechanical and biochemical cues that direct musculoskeletal development and are involved in musculoskeletal disease. The extracellular matrix (ECM) is a main component of this microenvironment. Tissue engineered approaches towards regenerating muscle, cartilage, tendon, and bone target the ECM because it supplies critical signals for regenerating musculoskeletal tissues. Engineered ECM-material scaffolds that mimic key mechanical and biochemical components of the ECM are of particular interest in musculoskeletal tissue engineering. Such materials are biocompatible, can be fabricated to have desirable mechanical and biochemical properties, and can be further chemically or genetically modified to support cell differentiation or halt degenerative disease progression. In this review, we survey how engineered approaches using natural and ECM-derived materials and scaffold systems can harness the unique characteristics of the ECM to support musculoskeletal tissue regeneration, with a focus on skeletal muscle, cartilage, tendon, and bone. We summarize the strengths of current approaches and look towards a future of materials and culture systems with engineered and highly tailored cell-ECM-material interactions to drive musculoskeletal tissue restoration. The works highlighted in this review strongly support the continued exploration of ECM and other engineered materials as tools to control cell fate and make large-scale musculoskeletal regeneration a reality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Calvin L Jones
- Department of Mechanical and Biomedical Engineering, Boise State University, 1910 University Dr MS2085, Boise, ID 83725, USA
| | - Brian T Penney
- Department of Mechanical and Biomedical Engineering, Boise State University, 1910 University Dr MS2085, Boise, ID 83725, USA
| | - Sophia K Theodossiou
- Department of Mechanical and Biomedical Engineering, Boise State University, 1910 University Dr MS2085, Boise, ID 83725, USA
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Guller A, Igrunkova A. Engineered Microenvironments for 3D Cell Culture and Regenerative Medicine: Challenges, Advances, and Trends. BIOENGINEERING (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 10:bioengineering10010017. [PMID: 36671589 PMCID: PMC9854955 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering10010017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The overall goal of regenerative medicine is to restore the functional performance of the tissues and organs that have been severely damaged or lost due to traumas and diseases [...].
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Guller
- Macquarie Medical School, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW 2109, Australia
- Correspondence:
| | - Alexandra Igrunkova
- Macquarie Medical School, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW 2109, Australia
- World-Class Research Centre “Digital Biodesign and Personalized Healthcare”, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow 119992, Russia
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9
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Hao D, Lu L, Song H, Duan Y, Chen J, Carney R, Li JJ, Zhou P, Nolta J, Lam KS, Leach JK, Farmer DL, Panitch A, Wang A. Engineered extracellular vesicles with high collagen-binding affinity present superior in situ retention and therapeutic efficacy in tissue repair. Theranostics 2022; 12:6021-6037. [PMID: 35966577 PMCID: PMC9373818 DOI: 10.7150/thno.70448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2021] [Accepted: 07/24/2022] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Although stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles (EVs) have remarkable therapeutic potential for various diseases, the therapeutic efficacy of EVs is limited due to their degradation and rapid diffusion after administration, hindering their translational applications. Here, we developed a new generation of collagen-binding EVs, by chemically conjugating a collagen-binding peptide SILY to EVs (SILY-EVs), which were designed to bind to collagen in the extracellular matrix (ECM) and form an EV-ECM complex to improve EVs' in situ retention and therapeutic efficacy after transplantation. Methods: SILY was conjugated to the surface of mesenchymal stem/stromal cell (MSC)-derived EVs by using click chemistry to construct SILY-EVs. Nanoparticle tracking analysis (NTA), ExoView analysis, cryogenic electron microscopy (cryo-EM) and western-blot analysis were used to characterize the SILY-EVs. Fluorescence imaging (FLI), MTS assay, ELISA and reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) were used to evaluate the collagen binding and biological functions of SILY-EVs in vitro. In a mouse hind limb ischemia model, the in vivo imaging system (IVIS), laser doppler perfusion imaging (LDPI), micro-CT, FLI and RT-qPCR were used to determine the SILY-EV retention, inflammatory response, blood perfusion, gene expression, and tissue regeneration. Results:In vitro, the SILY conjugation significantly enhanced EV adhesion to the collagen surface and did not alter the EVs' biological functions. In the mouse hind limb ischemia model, SILY-EVs presented longer in situ retention, suppressed inflammatory responses, and significantly augmented muscle regeneration and vascularization, compared to the unmodified EVs. Conclusion: With the broad distribution of collagen in various tissues and organs, SILY-EVs hold promise to improve the therapeutic efficacy of EV-mediated treatment in a wide range of diseases and disorders. Moreover, SILY-EVs possess the potential to functionalize collagen-based biomaterials and deliver therapeutic agents for regenerative medicine applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dake Hao
- Department of Surgery, University of California Davis, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA
- Institute for Pediatric Regenerative Medicine, Shriners Hospitals for Children Northern California, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA
| | - Lu Lu
- Department of Surgery, University of California Davis, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA
| | - Hengyue Song
- Department of Surgery, University of California Davis, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA
- Institute for Pediatric Regenerative Medicine, Shriners Hospitals for Children Northern California, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA
| | - Yixin Duan
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of California Davis, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA
| | - Jianing Chen
- Department of Surgery, University of California Davis, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA
| | - Randy Carney
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Jian Jian Li
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of California Davis, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA
| | - Ping Zhou
- Stem Cell Program, Department of Internal Medicine, University of California Davis Medical Center, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA
| | - Jan Nolta
- Stem Cell Program, Department of Internal Medicine, University of California Davis Medical Center, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA
| | - Kit S. Lam
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of California Davis, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA
| | - J. Kent Leach
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, School of Medicine, University of California Davis, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA
| | - Diana L Farmer
- Department of Surgery, University of California Davis, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA
- Institute for Pediatric Regenerative Medicine, Shriners Hospitals for Children Northern California, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA
| | - Alyssa Panitch
- Department of Surgery, University of California Davis, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Aijun Wang
- Department of Surgery, University of California Davis, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA
- Institute for Pediatric Regenerative Medicine, Shriners Hospitals for Children Northern California, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
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