1
|
Parmentier L, D'Haese S, Carpentier N, Dmitriev RI, Van Vlierberghe S. Bottom-Up Extrusion-Based Biofabrication of the Osteoid Niche. Macromol Biosci 2024; 24:e2300395. [PMID: 37997022 DOI: 10.1002/mabi.202300395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2023] [Revised: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023]
Abstract
Bone regeneration remains a clinical challenge given the transplantation incidence rate and the associated economic burden. Bottom-up osteoid tissue engineering has the potential to offer an alternative approach to current clinical solutions that suffer from various drawbacks. In this paper, deposition-based bioprinting is exploited while the effect is explored of both the crosslinking mechanism (gelatin methacryloyl (GelMA) versus gelatin norbornene (DS 91) crosslinked with thiolated gelatin (GelNBSH)) and the degree of substitution (GelNBSH versus norbornene-norbornene-modified gelatin (DS 169) crosslinked with thiolated gelatin (GelNBNBSH)) on the presented biophysical cues as well as on the osteogenic differentiation. The incorporation of tris(2-carboxyethyl)phosphine (TCEP) to the step-growth inks allows the production of reproducible and biocompatible scaffolds based on thiol-ene chemistry. Dental pulp stem cell encapsulation in GelNBNBSH biofabricated constructs shows a favorable response due to the combination of its stress relaxation and substrate rigidity (bulk compressive modulus of 11-30 kPa) as reflected by a sevenfold increase in calcium production compared to the tissue engineering standard GelMA. This work is the first to exploit a controlled biocompatible and cell-interactive thiolated macromolecular crosslinker (GelSH + TCEP) allowing the extrusion-based biofabrication of low concentration (5 w/v%) modified osteogenic gelatin-based inks (GelNBNBSH + TCEP).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Laurens Parmentier
- Polymer Chemistry and Biomaterials group (PBM), Centre of Macromolecular Chemistry (CMaC), Department of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281, Building S4-Bis, Ghent, 9000, Belgium
| | - Sophie D'Haese
- Polymer Chemistry and Biomaterials group (PBM), Centre of Macromolecular Chemistry (CMaC), Department of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281, Building S4-Bis, Ghent, 9000, Belgium
| | - Nathan Carpentier
- Polymer Chemistry and Biomaterials group (PBM), Centre of Macromolecular Chemistry (CMaC), Department of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281, Building S4-Bis, Ghent, 9000, Belgium
| | - Ruslan I Dmitriev
- Tissue Engineering and Biomaterials Group, Department of Human Structure and Repair, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, Ghent university, C. Heymanslaan 10, Ghent, 9000, Belgium
| | - Sandra Van Vlierberghe
- Polymer Chemistry and Biomaterials group (PBM), Centre of Macromolecular Chemistry (CMaC), Department of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281, Building S4-Bis, Ghent, 9000, Belgium
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Omidian H, Chowdhury SD, Wilson RL. Advancements and Challenges in Hydrogel Engineering for Regenerative Medicine. Gels 2024; 10:238. [PMID: 38667657 PMCID: PMC11049258 DOI: 10.3390/gels10040238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2024] [Revised: 03/21/2024] [Accepted: 03/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
This manuscript covers the latest advancements and persisting challenges in the domain of tissue engineering, with a focus on the development and engineering of hydrogel scaffolds. It highlights the critical role of these scaffolds in emulating the native tissue environment, thereby providing a supportive matrix for cell growth, tissue integration, and reducing adverse reactions. Despite significant progress, this manuscript emphasizes the ongoing struggle to achieve an optimal balance between biocompatibility, biodegradability, and mechanical stability, crucial for clinical success. It also explores the integration of cutting-edge technologies like 3D bioprinting and biofabrication in constructing complex tissue structures, alongside innovative materials and techniques aimed at enhancing tissue growth and functionality. Through a detailed examination of these efforts, the manuscript sheds light on the potential of hydrogels in advancing regenerative medicine and the necessity for multidisciplinary collaboration to navigate the challenges ahead.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hossein Omidian
- Barry and Judy Silverman College of Pharmacy, Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, FL 33328, USA; (S.D.C.); (R.L.W.)
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
3
|
Li X, Han W, He G, Yang J, Li J, Ma H, Wang S. Hydrogel-Transformable Antioxidant Poly-γ-Glutamic Acid/Polyethyleneimine Hemostatic Powder for Efficient Wound Hemostasis. Gels 2024; 10:68. [PMID: 38247790 PMCID: PMC10815379 DOI: 10.3390/gels10010068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2023] [Revised: 01/12/2024] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Hemostatic powder, which can absorb large amounts of water and tends to produce repeated hydration with tissue, has been clinically proven as an ideal engineering material for treating wounds and tissues. We herein designed a polypeptide-based hemostatic powder. A water-soluble polypeptide, γ-polyglutamic acid (γ-PGA), was mixed with the polyethyleneimine (PEI), N-hydroxysuccinimide, and 1-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)-3-ethylcarbodiimide. The solution of these polymers was lyophilized to harvest the γ-PGA/PEI powder (PP hemostatic powder). When deposited on a bleeding wound, the PP hemostatic powder can quickly absorb a large amount of blood and interstitial fluid, concentrate coagulation factors, coagulate blood cells, and eventually form a stable mechanical hydrogel. The wound bleeding time of the PP hemostatic powder group was 1.8 ± 0.4 min, significantly lower than that of the commercial chitosan hemostatic powder group (2.8 ± 0.4 min). The PP hemostatic powder was endowed with antioxidant capacity by introducing protocatechuic aldehyde, which can effectively inhibit inflammation and promote wound healing. Therefore, via preparation through a facile lyophilization method, the PP hemostatic powder is expected to find a wide application prospect as a qualified hemostatic powder.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Li
- School of Public Health, Center for Global Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211100, China
| | - Wenli Han
- School of Materials and Chemistry, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, No. 516 Jungong Road, Shanghai 200093, China
| | - Gao He
- School of Public Health, Center for Global Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211100, China
| | - Jiahao Yang
- School of Materials and Chemistry, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, No. 516 Jungong Road, Shanghai 200093, China
| | - Jing Li
- School of Materials and Chemistry, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, No. 516 Jungong Road, Shanghai 200093, China
| | - Hongxia Ma
- School of Public Health, Center for Global Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211100, China
| | - Shige Wang
- School of Materials and Chemistry, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, No. 516 Jungong Road, Shanghai 200093, China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Negut I, Bita B. Exploring the Potential of Artificial Intelligence for Hydrogel Development-A Short Review. Gels 2023; 9:845. [PMID: 37998936 PMCID: PMC10670215 DOI: 10.3390/gels9110845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2023] [Revised: 10/12/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023] Open
Abstract
AI and ML have emerged as transformative tools in various scientific domains, including hydrogel design. This work explores the integration of AI and ML techniques in the realm of hydrogel development, highlighting their significance in enhancing the design, characterisation, and optimisation of hydrogels for diverse applications. We introduced the concept of AI train hydrogel design, underscoring its potential to decode intricate relationships between hydrogel compositions, structures, and properties from complex data sets. In this work, we outlined classical physical and chemical techniques in hydrogel design, setting the stage for AI/ML advancements. These methods provide a foundational understanding for the subsequent AI-driven innovations. Numerical and analytical methods empowered by AI/ML were also included. These computational tools enable predictive simulations of hydrogel behaviour under varying conditions, aiding in property customisation. We also emphasised AI's impact, elucidating its role in rapid material discovery, precise property predictions, and optimal design. ML techniques like neural networks and support vector machines that expedite pattern recognition and predictive modelling using vast datasets, advancing hydrogel formulation discovery are also presented. AI and ML's have a transformative influence on hydrogel design. AI and ML have revolutionised hydrogel design by expediting material discovery, optimising properties, reducing costs, and enabling precise customisation. These technologies have the potential to address pressing healthcare and biomedical challenges, offering innovative solutions for drug delivery, tissue engineering, wound healing, and more. By harmonising computational insights with classical techniques, researchers can unlock unprecedented hydrogel potentials, tailoring solutions for diverse applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Irina Negut
- National Institute for Laser, Plasma and Radiation Physics, 409 Atomistilor Street, 077125 Magurele, Romania;
| | - Bogdan Bita
- National Institute for Laser, Plasma and Radiation Physics, 409 Atomistilor Street, 077125 Magurele, Romania;
- Faculty of Physics, University of Bucharest, 077125 Magurele, Romania
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Chen Z, Lv Z, Zhuang Y, Saiding Q, Yang W, Xiong W, Zhang Z, Chen H, Cui W, Zhang Y. Mechanical Signal-Tailored Hydrogel Microspheres Recruit and Train Stem Cells for Precise Differentiation. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2023; 35:e2300180. [PMID: 37230467 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202300180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2023] [Revised: 03/31/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
The aberrant mechanical microenvironment in degenerated tissues induces misdirection of cell fate, making it challenging to achieve efficient endogenous regeneration. Herein, a hydrogel microsphere-based synthetic niche with integrated cell recruitment and targeted cell differentiation properties via mechanotransduction is constructed . Through the incorporation of microfluidics and photo-polymerization strategies, fibronectin (Fn) modified methacrylated gelatin (GelMA) microspheres are prepared with the independently tunable elastic modulus (1-10Kpa) and ligand density (2 and 10 µg mL-1 ), allowing a wide range of cytoskeleton modulation to trigger the corresponding mechanobiological signaling. The combination of the soft matrix (2Kpa) and low ligand density (2 µg mL-1 ) can support the nucleus pulposus (NP)-like differentiation of intervertebral disc (IVD) progenitor/stem cells by translocating Yes-associated protein (YAP), without the addition of inducible biochemical factors. Meanwhile, platelet-derived growth factor-BB (PDGF-BB) is loaded onto Fn-GelMA microspheres (PDGF@Fn-GelMA) via the heparin-binding domain of Fn to initiate endogenous cell recruitment. In in vivo experiments, hydrogel microsphere-niche maintained the IVD structure and stimulated matrix synthesis. Overall, this synthetic niche with cell recruiting and mechanical training capabilities offered a promising strategy for endogenous tissue regeneration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zehao Chen
- Department of Spine Surgery, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 160 Pujian Road, Shanghai, 200127, P. R. China
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Prevention and Treatment of Bone and Joint Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Traumatology and Orthopaedics, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 197 Ruijin 2nd Road, Shanghai, 200025, P. R. China
- School of Mechatronic Engineering and Automation, Shanghai University, Nanchen Road 333, Shanghai, 200444, P. R. China
| | - Zhendong Lv
- Department of Spine Surgery, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 160 Pujian Road, Shanghai, 200127, P. R. China
| | - Yaping Zhuang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Prevention and Treatment of Bone and Joint Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Traumatology and Orthopaedics, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 197 Ruijin 2nd Road, Shanghai, 200025, P. R. China
| | - Qimanguli Saiding
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Prevention and Treatment of Bone and Joint Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Traumatology and Orthopaedics, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 197 Ruijin 2nd Road, Shanghai, 200025, P. R. China
| | - Wu Yang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Prevention and Treatment of Bone and Joint Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Traumatology and Orthopaedics, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 197 Ruijin 2nd Road, Shanghai, 200025, P. R. China
| | - Wei Xiong
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Prevention and Treatment of Bone and Joint Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Traumatology and Orthopaedics, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 197 Ruijin 2nd Road, Shanghai, 200025, P. R. China
| | - Zhen Zhang
- School of Mechatronic Engineering and Automation, Shanghai University, Nanchen Road 333, Shanghai, 200444, P. R. China
| | - Hao Chen
- Department of Spine Surgery, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 160 Pujian Road, Shanghai, 200127, P. R. China
| | - Wenguo Cui
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Prevention and Treatment of Bone and Joint Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Traumatology and Orthopaedics, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 197 Ruijin 2nd Road, Shanghai, 200025, P. R. China
| | - Yuhui Zhang
- Department of Spine Surgery, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 160 Pujian Road, Shanghai, 200127, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Peyret C, Elkhoury K, Bouguet-Bonnet S, Poinsignon S, Boulogne C, Giraud T, Stefan L, Tahri Y, Sanchez-Gonzalez L, Linder M, Tamayol A, Kahn CJ, Arab-Tehrany E. Gelatin Methacryloyl (GelMA) Hydrogel Scaffolds: Predicting Physical Properties Using an Experimental Design Approach. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:13359. [PMID: 37686165 PMCID: PMC10487574 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241713359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2023] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
There is a growing interest for complex in vitro environments that closely mimic the extracellular matrix and allow cells to grow in microenvironments that are closer to the one in vivo. Protein-based matrices and especially hydrogels can answer this need, thanks to their similarity with the cell microenvironment and their ease of customization. In this study, an experimental design was conducted to study the influence of synthesis parameters on the physical properties of gelatin methacryloyl (GelMA). Temperature, ratio of methacrylic anhydride over gelatin, rate of addition, and stirring speed of the reaction were studied using a Doehlert matrix. Their impact on the following parameters was analyzed: degree of substitution, mass swelling ratio, storage modulus (log(G')), and compression modulus. This study highlights that the most impactful parameter was the ratio of methacrylic anhydride over gelatin. Although, temperature affected the degree of substitution, and methacrylic anhydride addition flow rate impacted the gel's physical properties, namely, its storage modulus and compression modulus. Moreover, this experimental design proposed a theoretical model that described the variation of GelMA's physical characteristics as a function of synthesis conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Tristan Giraud
- Université de Lorraine, CNRS, LCPM, F-54000 Nancy, France
| | - Loïc Stefan
- Université de Lorraine, CNRS, LCPM, F-54000 Nancy, France
| | - Yasmina Tahri
- Université de Lorraine, LIBio, F-54000 Nancy, France
| | | | - Michel Linder
- Université de Lorraine, LIBio, F-54000 Nancy, France
| | - Ali Tamayol
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT 06030, USA
| | | | - Elmira Arab-Tehrany
- Université de Lorraine, LIBio, F-54000 Nancy, France
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT 06030, USA
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Nizamoglu M, Burgess JK. Current possibilities and future opportunities provided by three-dimensional lung ECM-derived hydrogels. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1154193. [PMID: 36969853 PMCID: PMC10034771 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1154193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 03/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Disruption of the complex interplay between cells and extracellular matrix (ECM), the scaffold that provides support, biochemical and biomechanical cues, is emerging as a key element underlying lung diseases. We readily acknowledge that the lung is a flexible, relatively soft tissue that is three dimensional (3D) in structure, hence a need exists to develop in vitro model systems that reflect these properties. Lung ECM-derived hydrogels have recently emerged as a model system that mimics native lung physiology; they contain most of the plethora of biochemical components in native lung, as well as reflecting the biomechanics of native tissue. Research investigating the contribution of cell:matrix interactions to acute and chronic lung diseases has begun adopting these models but has yet to harness their full potential. This perspective article provides insight about the latest advances in the development, modification, characterization and utilization of lung ECM-derived hydrogels. We highlight some opportunities for expanding research incorporating lung ECM-derived hydrogels and potential improvements for the current approaches. Expanding the capabilities of investigations using lung ECM-derived hydrogels is positioned at a cross roads of disciplines, the path to new and innovative strategies for unravelling disease underlying mechanisms will benefit greatly from interdisciplinary approaches. While challenges need to be addressed before the maximum potential can be unlocked, with the rapid pace at which this field is evolving, we are close to a future where faster, more efficient and safer drug development targeting the disrupted 3D microenvironment is possible using lung ECM-derived hydrogels.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mehmet Nizamoglu
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, Groningen, Netherlands
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen Research Institute for Asthma and COPD (GRIAC), Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Janette K. Burgess
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, Groningen, Netherlands
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen Research Institute for Asthma and COPD (GRIAC), Groningen, Netherlands
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, W.J. Kolff Institute for Biomedical Engineering and Materials Science-FB41, Groningen, Netherlands
- *Correspondence: Janette K. Burgess,
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Vriend L, van der Lei B, Harmsen MC, van Dongen JA. Adipose Tissue-Derived Components: From Cells to Tissue Glue to Treat Dermal Damage. Bioengineering (Basel) 2023; 10:bioengineering10030328. [PMID: 36978719 PMCID: PMC10045962 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering10030328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2022] [Revised: 02/25/2023] [Accepted: 03/01/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2023] Open
Abstract
In recent decades, adipose tissue transplantation has become an essential treatment modality for tissue (volume) restoration and regeneration. The regenerative application of adipose tissue has only recently proven its usefulness; for example, the method is useful in reducing dermal scarring and accelerating skin-wound healing. The therapeutic effect is ascribed to the tissue stromal vascular fraction (tSVF) in adipose tissue. This consists of stromal cells, the trophic factors they secrete and the extracellular matrix (ECM), which have immune-modulating, pro-angiogenic and anti-fibrotic properties. This concise review focused on dermal regeneration using the following adipose-tissue components: adipose-tissue-derived stromal cells (ASCs), their secreted trophic factors (ASCs secretome), and the ECM. The opportunities of using a therapeutically functional scaffold, composed of a decellularized ECM hydrogel loaded with trophic factors of ASCs, to enhance wound healing are explored as well. An ECM-based hydrogel loaded with trophic factors combines all regenerative components of adipose tissue, while averting the possible disadvantages of the therapeutic use of adipose tissue, e.g., the necessity of liposuction procedures with a (small) risk of complications, the impossibility of interpatient use, and the limited storage options.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Linda Vriend
- Department of Plastic Surgery, University of Utrecht, University Medical Center Utrecht, 3584 CS Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Department of Pathology & Medical Biology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, 9700 AC Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Berend van der Lei
- Department of Plastic Surgery, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, 9700 AC Groningen, The Netherlands
- Bergman Clinics, 8443 CG Heerenveen, The Netherlands
- Bergman Clinics, 2289 CM Rijswijk, The Netherlands
| | - Martin C. Harmsen
- Department of Pathology & Medical Biology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, 9700 AC Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Joris A. van Dongen
- Department of Plastic Surgery, University of Utrecht, University Medical Center Utrecht, 3584 CS Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Department of Pathology & Medical Biology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, 9700 AC Groningen, The Netherlands
- Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Kantaros A. 3D Printing in Regenerative Medicine: Technologies and Resources Utilized. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232314621. [PMID: 36498949 PMCID: PMC9738732 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232314621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2022] [Revised: 11/21/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Over the past ten years, the use of additive manufacturing techniques, also known as "3D printing", has steadily increased in a variety of scientific fields. There are a number of inherent advantages to these fabrication methods over conventional manufacturing due to the way that they work, which is based on the layer-by-layer material-deposition principle. These benefits include the accurate attribution of complex, pre-designed shapes, as well as the use of a variety of innovative raw materials. Its main advantage is the ability to fabricate custom shapes with an interior lattice network connecting them and a porous surface that traditional manufacturing techniques cannot adequately attribute. Such structures are being used for direct implantation into the human body in the biomedical field in areas such as bio-printing, where this potential is being heavily utilized. The fabricated items must be made of biomaterials with the proper mechanical properties, as well as biomaterials that exhibit characteristics such as biocompatibility, bioresorbability, and biodegradability, in order to meet the strict requirements that such procedures impose. The most significant biomaterials used in these techniques are listed in this work, but their advantages and disadvantages are also discussed in relation to the aforementioned properties that are crucial to their use.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Antreas Kantaros
- Department of Industrial Design and Production Engineering, University of West Attica, 12244 Athens, Greece
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Zhang M, Getova VE, Martinez-Garcia FD, Borghuis T, Burgess JK, Harmsen MC. From Macro to Micro: Comparison of Imaging Techniques to Detect Vascular Network Formation in Left Ventricle Decellularized Extracellular Matrix Hydrogels. Gels 2022; 8:729. [PMID: 36354636 PMCID: PMC9689814 DOI: 10.3390/gels8110729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2022] [Revised: 11/01/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Angiogenesis is a crucial process in physiological maintenance and tissue regeneration. To understand the contribution of angiogenesis, it is essential to replicate this process in an environment that reproduces the biochemical and physical properties which are largely governed by the extracellular matrix (ECM). We investigated vascularization in cardiac left ventricular ECM hydrogels to mimic post-myocardial repair. We set out to assess and compare different destructive and non-destructive methods, optical as well as non-optical, to visualize angiogenesis and associated matrix remodeling in myocardial ECM hydrogels. Methods: A total of 100,000, 300,000, and 600,000 Human Pulmonary Microvascular Endothelial Cells (HPMEC) were seeded in left ventricular cardiac ECM hydrogel in 48-well plates. After 1, 7, and 14 days of culture, the HPMEC were imaged by inverted fluorescence microscopy and 3D confocal laser scanning microscopy (Zeiss Cell Discoverer 7). In addition, cell-seeded ECM hydrogels were scanned by optical coherence tomography (OCT). Fixed and paraffin-embedded gels were thin-sectioned and assessed for ECM components via H&E, picrosirius red histochemical staining, and immunostaining for collagen type I. ImageJ-based densitometry was used to quantify vascular-like networks and GraphPad was used for statistical analyses. Results: Qualitative analyses were realized through fluoromicrographs obtained by the confocal laser scanning microscope which allowed us to visualize the extensive vascular-like networks that readily appeared at all seeding densities. Quantification of networks was only possible using fluoromicrographs from inverted microscopy. These showed that, after three days, the number of master junctions was seeding density-dependent. The resolution of optical coherence tomography was too low to distinguish between signals caused by the ECM and cells or networks, yet it did show that gels, irrespective of cells, were heterogeneous. Interestingly, (immuno)histochemistry could clearly distinguish between the cast cardiac-derived matrix and newly deposited ECM in the hydrogels. The H&E staining corroborated the presence of vascular-like network structures, albeit that sectioning inevitably led to the loss of 3D structure. Conclusions: Except for OCT, all methods had complementary merit and generated qualitative and quantitative data that allowed us to understand vascular network formation in organ-derived ECM hydrogels.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Meng Zhang
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, Hanzeplein 1 (EA11), 9713 GZ Groningen, The Netherlands
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, W.J. Kolff Research Institute, A. Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AV Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Vasilena E. Getova
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, Hanzeplein 1 (EA11), 9713 GZ Groningen, The Netherlands
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, W.J. Kolff Research Institute, A. Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AV Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Francisco Drusso Martinez-Garcia
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, Hanzeplein 1 (EA11), 9713 GZ Groningen, The Netherlands
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, W.J. Kolff Research Institute, A. Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AV Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Theo Borghuis
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, Hanzeplein 1 (EA11), 9713 GZ Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Janette K. Burgess
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, Hanzeplein 1 (EA11), 9713 GZ Groningen, The Netherlands
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, W.J. Kolff Research Institute, A. Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AV Groningen, The Netherlands
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen Research Institute for Asthma and COPD (GRIAC), Hanzeplein 1 (EA11), 9713 AV Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Martin C. Harmsen
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, Hanzeplein 1 (EA11), 9713 GZ Groningen, The Netherlands
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, W.J. Kolff Research Institute, A. Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AV Groningen, The Netherlands
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen Research Institute for Asthma and COPD (GRIAC), Hanzeplein 1 (EA11), 9713 AV Groningen, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|