1
|
Song Y, Cen X, Sun D, Bálint K, Wang Y, Chen H, Gao S, Bíró I, Zhang M, Gu Y. Curved carbon-plated shoe may further reduce forefoot loads compared to flat plate during running. Sci Rep 2024; 14:13215. [PMID: 38851842 PMCID: PMC11162459 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-64177-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2024] [Accepted: 06/05/2024] [Indexed: 06/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Using a curved carbon-fiber plate (CFP) in running shoes may offer notable performance benefit over flat plates, yet there is a lack of research exploring the influence of CFP geometry on internal foot loading during running. The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of CFP mechanical characteristics on forefoot biomechanics in terms of plantar pressure, bone stress distribution, and contact force transmission during a simulated impact peak moment in forefoot strike running. We employed a finite element model of the foot-shoe system, wherein various CFP configurations, including three stiffnesses (stiff, stiffer, and stiffest) and two shapes (flat plate (FCFP) and curved plate (CCFP)), were integrated into the shoe sole. Comparing the shoes with no CFP (NCFP) to those with CFP, we consistently observed a reduction in peak forefoot plantar pressure with increasing CFP stiffness. This decrease in pressure was even more notable in a CCFP demonstrating a further reduction in peak pressure ranging from 5.51 to 12.62%, compared to FCFP models. Both FCFP and CCFP designs had a negligible impact on reducing the maximum stress experienced by the 2nd and 3rd metatarsals. However, they greatly influenced the stress distribution in other metatarsal bones. These CFP designs seem to optimize the load transfer pathway, enabling a more uniform force transmission by mainly reducing contact force on the medial columns (the first three rays, measuring 0.333 times body weight for FCFP and 0.335 for CCFP in stiffest condition, compared to 0.373 in NCFP). We concluded that employing a curved CFP in running shoes could be more beneficial from an injury prevention perspective by inducing less peak pressure under the metatarsal heads while not worsening their stress state compared to flat plates.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yang Song
- Research Academy of Medicine Combining Sports, Ningbo No.2 Hospital, Ningbo, China
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Xuanzhen Cen
- Doctoral School on Safety and Security Sciences, Óbuda University, Budapest, Hungary
- Faculty of Engineering, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Dong Sun
- Research Academy of Medicine Combining Sports, Ningbo No.2 Hospital, Ningbo, China
- Faculty of Sports Science, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Kovács Bálint
- Research Academy of Medicine Combining Sports, Ningbo No.2 Hospital, Ningbo, China
- Faculty of Sports Science, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
- Department of Kinesiology, Hungarian University of Sports Science, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Yan Wang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Hairong Chen
- Doctoral School on Safety and Security Sciences, Óbuda University, Budapest, Hungary
- Faculty of Engineering, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Shunxiang Gao
- Faculty of Sports Science, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - István Bíró
- Doctoral School on Safety and Security Sciences, Óbuda University, Budapest, Hungary
- Faculty of Engineering, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Ming Zhang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yaodong Gu
- Research Academy of Medicine Combining Sports, Ningbo No.2 Hospital, Ningbo, China.
- Doctoral School on Safety and Security Sciences, Óbuda University, Budapest, Hungary.
- Faculty of Sports Science, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Wu Y, Wang H, Deng C, Guo Y, Zhu X. Cushioning mechanism of the metatarsals during landing for the skateboarding ollie maneuver. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2024; 12:1382161. [PMID: 38712330 PMCID: PMC11070832 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2024.1382161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2024] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 05/08/2024] Open
Abstract
Skateboarding is an Olympic event with frequent jumping and landing, where the cushioning effect by the foot structure (from the arch, metatarsals, etc.) and damping performance by sports equipment (shoes, insoles, etc.) can greatly affect an athlete's sports performance and lower the risk of limb injury. Skateboarding is characterized by the formation of a "man-shoe-skateboard system," which makes its foot cushioning mechanism different from those of other sports maneuvers, such as basketball vertical jump and gymnastics broad jump. Therefore, it is necessary to clarify the cushioning mechanism of the foot structure upon landing on a skateboard. To achieve this, a multibody finite element model of the right foot, shoe, and skateboard was created using Mimics, Geomagic, and ANSYS. Kinetic data from the ollie maneuver were used to determine the plantar pressure and Achilles tendon force at three characteristics (T1, T2, and T3). The stress and strain on the foot and metatarsals (MT1-5) were then simulated. The simulation results had an error of 6.98% compared to actual measurements. During landing, the force exerted on the internal soft tissues tends to increase. The stress and strain variations were highest on MT2, MT3, and MT4. Moreover, the torsion angle of MT1 was greater than those of the other metatarsals. Additionally, the displacements of MT2, MT3, and MT4 were higher than those of the other parts. This research shows that skateboarders need to absorb the ground reaction force through the movements of the MTs for ollie landing. The soft tissues, bones, and ligaments in the front foot may have high risks of injury. The developed model serves as a valuable tool for analyzing the foot mechanisms in skateboarding; furthermore, it is crucial to enhance cushioning for the front foot during the design of skateboard shoes to reduce potential injuries.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Xiaolan Zhu
- Sport Science School, Beijing Sport University, Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Xiang Q, Guo S, Wang J, Hashimoto K, Liu Y, Liu L. Modeling and Analysis of Foot Function in Human Gait Using a Two-Degrees-of-Freedom Inverted Pendulum Model with an Arced Foot. Bioengineering (Basel) 2023; 10:1344. [PMID: 38135935 PMCID: PMC10740965 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering10121344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2023] [Revised: 11/17/2023] [Accepted: 11/19/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Gait models are important for the design and control of lower limb exoskeletons. The inverted pendulum model has advantages in simplicity and computational efficiency, but it also has the limitations of oversimplification and lack of realism. This paper proposes a two-degrees-of-freedom (DOF) inverted pendulum walking model by considering the knee joints for describing the characteristics of human gait. A new parameter, roll factor, is defined to express foot function in the model, and the relationships between the roll factor and gait parameters are investigated. Experiments were conducted to verify the model by testing seven healthy adults at different walking speeds. The results demonstrate that the roll factor has a strong relationship with other gait kinematics parameters, so it can be used as a simple parameter for expressing gait kinematics. In addition, the roll factor can be used to identify walking styles with high accuracy, including small broken step walking at 99.57%, inefficient walking at 98.14%, and normal walking at 99.43%.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qian Xiang
- Engineering Research Center of the Ministry of Education for Intelligent Rehabilitation Equipment and Detection Technologies, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300401, China; (Q.X.); (J.W.); (Y.L.); (L.L.)
- The Hebei Key Laboratory of Robot Sensing and Human-Robot Interaction, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300401, China;
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300401, China
| | - Shijie Guo
- Engineering Research Center of the Ministry of Education for Intelligent Rehabilitation Equipment and Detection Technologies, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300401, China; (Q.X.); (J.W.); (Y.L.); (L.L.)
- The Hebei Key Laboratory of Robot Sensing and Human-Robot Interaction, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300401, China;
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300401, China
| | - Jiaxin Wang
- Engineering Research Center of the Ministry of Education for Intelligent Rehabilitation Equipment and Detection Technologies, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300401, China; (Q.X.); (J.W.); (Y.L.); (L.L.)
- The Hebei Key Laboratory of Robot Sensing and Human-Robot Interaction, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300401, China;
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300401, China
| | - Kazunobu Hashimoto
- The Hebei Key Laboratory of Robot Sensing and Human-Robot Interaction, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300401, China;
| | - Yong Liu
- Engineering Research Center of the Ministry of Education for Intelligent Rehabilitation Equipment and Detection Technologies, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300401, China; (Q.X.); (J.W.); (Y.L.); (L.L.)
- The Hebei Key Laboratory of Robot Sensing and Human-Robot Interaction, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300401, China;
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300401, China
| | - Lei Liu
- Engineering Research Center of the Ministry of Education for Intelligent Rehabilitation Equipment and Detection Technologies, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300401, China; (Q.X.); (J.W.); (Y.L.); (L.L.)
- The Hebei Key Laboratory of Robot Sensing and Human-Robot Interaction, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300401, China;
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300401, China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Seul A, Mihai A, Costea M, Bodoga A, Curteza A. The Influence of Materials on Footwear Behaviour: A Finite Element Simulation Study. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 16:7203. [PMID: 38005132 PMCID: PMC10672570 DOI: 10.3390/ma16227203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2023] [Revised: 11/09/2023] [Accepted: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to analyse the influence of materials and their position within the upper assembly on the behaviour of casual footwear using finite element simulation tools. The study was carried out on three models of casual footwear, which are identical in terms of design lines, varying only in the materials of the upper assembly, namely calfskin leather (M1), knitted fabric (M2), and combination of knitted fabric and calfskin leather (M3). The footwear models were designed according to the design constraints specific to casual footwear. The foot was reconstructed based on the shoe last obtained based on anthropometric data. Material definition, 3D models editing, setting up analysis conditions, and constraints were performed using the Ansys 17.2 software. Gait biomechanics were taken into account to define the loading model, force distribution, force values, and constraints. The study evaluates footwear behaviour in terms of directional deformation (Z axis), equivalent von Mises stress, and equivalent elastic strain distribution. This paper explores a methodology that has the potential to enhance the footwear design and manufacturing process, providing designers with information about the deformations and stress distribution on upper parts of the footwear product.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Aura Mihai
- Faculty of Industrial Design and Business Management, “Gheorghe Asachi” Technical University of Iasi, 700050 Iasi, Romania; (A.S.); (M.C.); (A.B.); (A.C.)
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
5
|
Malki A, van Kouwenhove L, Verkerke GJ, Dekker R, Hijmans JM. Effects of heel apex position, apex angle and rocker radius on plantar pressure in the heel region. Heliyon 2023; 9:e21036. [PMID: 37942153 PMCID: PMC10628656 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e21036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2023] [Revised: 10/12/2023] [Accepted: 10/13/2023] [Indexed: 11/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Rocker shoes and insoles are used to prevent diabetic foot ulcers in persons with diabetes mellitus and loss of protective sensation, by reducing the plantar pressure in regions with high pressure values (>200 kPa) (e.g., hallux, metatarsal heads and heel). However, forefoot rocker shoes that reduce pressure in the forefoot inadvertently increase pressure in the heel. No studies focused on mitigating the negative effects on heel pressure by optimizing the heel rocker midsole, yet. Therefore, we analyze the effect of different heel rocker parameters on the heel plantar pressure. Methods In-shoe pressure was measured, while 10 healthy participants walked with control shoe and 10 different heel rocker settings. Peak pressure was determined in 7 heel masks, for all shoes. Generalized estimating equations was performed to test the effect of the different shoes on the peak pressure in the different heel masks. Results In the proximal heel, a rocker shoe with distal apex position, small rocker radius and large apex angle (100°), shows the largest significant decrease in peak pressure compared to rocker shoes with more proximally located apex positions. In the midheel and distal heel, the same rocker shoes or any other rocker shoes, analyzed in this study, do not reduce the PP more than 2 % compared to the control shoe. For the midheel and distal heel region with high pressure values (>200 kPa), rocker shoes alone are not the correct option to reduce the pressure to below 200 kPa. Conclusion When using rocker shoes to reduce the pressure in the forefoot, a heel rocker midsole with a distal apex position, small rocker radius and apex angle of 100°, mitigates the negative effects on proximal heel pressure. For the midheel and distal heel, other footwear options as an addition or instead of rocker shoes are needed to reduce the pressure.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Athra Malki
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Laurens van Kouwenhove
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Gijsbertus J. Verkerke
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
- Department of Biomechanical Engineering, University of Twente, Enschede, Overijssel, the Netherlands
| | - Rienk Dekker
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Juha M. Hijmans
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Li J, Wu K, Ye D, Deng L, Wang J, Fu W. Effects of Barefoot and Shod Conditions on the Kinematics and Kinetics of the Lower Extremities in Alternating Jump Rope Skipping-A One-Dimensional Statistical Parameter Mapping Study. Bioengineering (Basel) 2023; 10:1154. [PMID: 37892884 PMCID: PMC10604668 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering10101154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2023] [Revised: 09/14/2023] [Accepted: 09/30/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To explore the difference in the biomechanics of the lower extremity during alternating jump rope skipping (AJRS) under barefoot and shod conditions. METHODS Fourteen experienced AJRS participants were randomly assigned to wear jump rope shoes or be barefoot (BF) during the AJRS at a self-selected speed. The Qualisys motion capture system and Kistler force platform were used to synchronously collect the ground reaction forces and trajectory data of the hip, knee, ankle, and metatarsophalangeal (MTP) joints. One-dimensional statistical parameter mapping was used to analyze the kinematics and kinetics of the lower extremity under both conditions using paired t-tests. RESULTS Wearing shoes resulted in a significant decrease in the ROM (p < 0.001) and peak angular velocity (p < 0.001) of the MTP joint during the landing phase. In addition, the MTP joint power (p < 0.001) was significantly larger under shod condition at 92-100% of the landing phase. Moreover, wearing shoes reduced the peak loading rate (p = 0.002). CONCLUSION The findings suggest that wearing shoes during AJRS could provide better propulsion during push-off by increasing the MTP plantarflexion joint power. In addition, our results emphasize the significance of the ankle and MTP joint by controlling the ankle and MTP joint angle.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jun Li
- School of Exercise and Health, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai 200438, China; (J.L.); (J.W.)
- School of Health and Nursing, Wuxi Taihu University, Wuxi 214000, China
| | - Kaicheng Wu
- School of Exercise and Health, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai 200438, China; (J.L.); (J.W.)
| | - Dongqiang Ye
- Shanghai Warrior Shoes Co., Ltd., Shanghai 200082, China;
| | - Liqin Deng
- School of Exercise and Health, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai 200438, China; (J.L.); (J.W.)
| | - Jichao Wang
- School of Exercise and Health, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai 200438, China; (J.L.); (J.W.)
| | - Weijie Fu
- School of Exercise and Health, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai 200438, China; (J.L.); (J.W.)
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Li F, Song Y, Cen X, Sun D, Lu Z, Bíró I, Gu Y. Comparative Efficacy of Vibration foam Rolling and Cold Water Immersion in Amateur Basketball Players after a Simulated Load of Basketball Game. Healthcare (Basel) 2023; 11:2178. [PMID: 37570418 PMCID: PMC10418479 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare11152178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2023] [Revised: 07/13/2023] [Accepted: 07/29/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
To compare the efficacy of different recovery strategies (sitting; cold water immersion, CWI; vibration foam rolling, VFR) on the lower extremities of amateur basketball players after the simulated load of a basketball game, we assessed the power, agility, and dynamic balance before and after interventions. Ten amateur basketball players alternately underwent 12 min of sitting, 12 min of CWI at 5 °C, and 12 min of VFR. The power, agility, and dynamic balance were measured immediately post-warm-up, immediately post-game, immediately post-intervention, 1 h after interventions, and 24 h after interventions. To simulate the load of a basketball game, specific movements were designed and implemented. Jump height was measured using a Kistler force plate. Reaction time and dynamic balance score were assessed using the Pavigym agility response system and the Y balance test, respectively. The data were analyzed with a two-way repeated measures analysis of variance (ANOVA). The results showed that the vertical jump height significantly decreased after the CWI intervention compared to the CON and VFR groups (p < 0.001). At 1 h after the intervention, the vertical jump height in the CON group showed delayed recovery compared to the CWI and VFR groups (p = 0.007; p < 0.001). At 24 h after the intervention, the vertical jump height in the CWI group further increased and was significantly different from the CON and VFR groups (p < 0.001; p = 0.005). Additionally, reaction times significantly increased immediately after the CWI intervention (p = 0.004) but showed further recovery at 24 h compared to the CON group (p < 0.001). The dynamic balance score significantly rebounded after the CWI intervention compared to the CON group (p = 0.021), with further improvement at 24 h (p < 0.001). CWI initially showed negative effects, but over time, its recovery effect was superior and more long-lasting. VFR had the best immediate effect on lower limb recovery after the game.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fengping Li
- Faculty of Sports Science, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
| | - Yang Song
- Faculty of Sports Science, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
- Doctoral School on Safety and Security Sciences, Óbuda University, 1034 Budapest, Hungary
- Faculty of Engineering, University of Szeged, 6720 Szeged, Hungary
| | - Xuanzhen Cen
- Faculty of Sports Science, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
- Doctoral School on Safety and Security Sciences, Óbuda University, 1034 Budapest, Hungary
- Faculty of Engineering, University of Szeged, 6720 Szeged, Hungary
| | - Dong Sun
- Faculty of Sports Science, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
| | - Zhenghui Lu
- Faculty of Sports Science, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
| | - István Bíró
- Faculty of Engineering, University of Szeged, 6720 Szeged, Hungary
| | - Yaodong Gu
- Faculty of Sports Science, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Ghorbani M, Yaali R, Sadeghi H, Luczak T. The effect of foot posture on static balance, ankle and knee proprioception in 18-to-25-year-old female student: a cross-sectional study. BMC Musculoskelet Disord 2023; 24:547. [PMID: 37403076 DOI: 10.1186/s12891-023-06678-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Accepted: 06/29/2023] [Indexed: 07/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND & PURPOSE Afferent input from the sole affects postural stability. Cutaneous reflexes from the foot are important to posture and gait. Lower-limb afferents alone provide enough information to maintain upright stance and are critical in perceiving postural sway. Altered feedback from propreoceptive receptors alters gait and patterns of muscle activation. The position and posture of the foot and ankle may also play an important role in proprioceptive input.Therefore, the current research aims to compare static balance and ankle and knee proprioception in people with and without flexible flatfeet. METHODOLOGY 91 female students between the ages of 18 and 25 voluntarily participated in this study, of which 24 were in the flexible flatfoot group and 67 were in the regular foot group after evaluating the longitudinal arch of the foot. The position sense of ankle and knee joints were measured using the active reconstruction test of the ankle and knee angle; Static balance was measured using the Sharpened Romberg test. Data were non-normally distributed. Accordingly, non-parametric tests were applied. The Kruskal-Wallis test was applied to compare differences between groups in variables. RESULT Kruskal-Wallis test showed a significant difference between two groups of flat feet and normal feet in the variables of static balance and position sense of ankle plantarflexion, ankle dorsiflexion, and knee flexion (p ≤ 0.05). A significant correlation was found between static balance and sense of ankle and knee position in the group with normal feet. The analysis of the regression line also showed that ankle and knee position sense could predict the static balance score in the regular foot group (ankle dorsiflexion position sense 17% (R2 = 0.17), ankle plantarflexion position sense 17% (R2 = 0.17) and knee flexion position sense 46% (R2 = 0.46) explain of changes in static balance). DISCUSSION & CONCLUSION Flexible flatfoot soles can cause loss of balance and sense of joint position; therefore, according to this preliminary study, clinicians must be aware and should take into account this possible deficit in the management of these patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Ghorbani
- Department of Motor Behavior, Faculty of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Kharazmi University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Rasoul Yaali
- Department of Motor Behavior, Faculty of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Kharazmi University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Hassan Sadeghi
- Department of Biomechanics and Sports Injuries, Faculty of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Kharazmi University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Tony Luczak
- NSPARC, Mississippi State University, Mississippi, USA
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Beldame J, Sacco R, Munoz MA, Masse M, Lalevée M. Assessment of the Efficiency of Measuring Foot and Ankle Edema with a 3D Portable Scanner. Bioengineering (Basel) 2023; 10:bioengineering10050549. [PMID: 37237619 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering10050549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2023] [Revised: 04/27/2023] [Accepted: 04/29/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: To prospectively evaluate the reliability of a portable optical scanner compared to the water displacement technique for volumetric measurements of the foot and ankle and to compare the acquisition time associated with these two methods. Methods: Foot volume was measured in 29 healthy volunteers (58 feet, 24 females and 5 males) by a 3D scanner (UPOD-S 3D Laser Full-Foot Scanner®) and by water displacement volumetry. Measurements were performed on both feet, up to a height of 10 cm above the ground. The acquisition time for each method was evaluated. The Kolmogorov-Smirnov test, Lin's Concordance Correlation Coefficient, and a Student's t-test were performed. Results: Mean foot volume was 869.7 +/- 165.1 cm3 (3D scanner) versus 867.9 +/- 155.4 cm3 (water-displacement volumetry) (p < 10-5). The concordance of measurements was 0.93, indicative of a high correlation between the two techniques. Volumes were 47.8 cm3 lower when using the 3D scanner versus water volumetry. After statistically correcting this underestimation, the concordance was improved (0.98, residual bias = -0.03 +/- 35.1 cm3). The mean examination time was 4.2 +/- 1.7 min (3D optical scanner) versus 11.1 +/- 2.9 min (water volumeter) (p < 10-4). Conclusions: Ankle/foot volumetric measurements performed using this portable 3D scanner are reliable and fast and can be used in clinical practice and research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Julien Beldame
- ICP-Clinique Blomet, 136 bis Rue Blomet, 75015 Paris, France
- Clinique Megival, 1328 Avenue de la Maison Blanche, 76550 Saint Aubin sur Scie, France
| | - Riccardo Sacco
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Rouen University Hospital, 37 Bd Gambetta, 76000 Rouen, France
| | - Marie-Aude Munoz
- Centre Médical Achille, 200 Avenue des Prés d'Arènes, 34070 Montpellier, France
| | - Marion Masse
- CKS, Centre kiné sport Dieppe, 32 Rue Louis Blériot, Neuville les Dieppe, 76370 Dieppe, France
| | - Matthieu Lalevée
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Rouen University Hospital, 37 Bd Gambetta, 76000 Rouen, France
- CETAPS EA3832, Research Center for Sports and Athletic Activities Transformations, University of Rouen Normandy, 76821 Mont-Saint-Aignan, France
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Song Y, Cen X, Chen H, Sun D, Munivrana G, Bálint K, Bíró I, Gu Y. The influence of running shoe with different carbon-fiber plate designs on internal foot mechanics: A pilot computational analysis. J Biomech 2023; 153:111597. [PMID: 37126883 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiomech.2023.111597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2023] [Revised: 03/28/2023] [Accepted: 04/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
A carbon-fiber plate (CFP) embedded into running shoes is a commonly applied method to improve running economy, but little is known in regard the effects of CFP design features on internal foot mechanics. This study aimed to explore how systematic changes in CFP geometrical variations (i.e., thickness and location) can alter plantar pressure and strain under the forefoot as well as metatarsal stress state through computational simulations. A foot-shoe finite element (FE) model was built and different CFP features including three thicknesses (1 mm, 2 mm, and 3 mm) and three placements (high-loaded (just below the insole), mid-loaded (in between the midsole), and low-loaded (just above the outsole)) were further modulated within the shoe sole. Simulations were conducted at the impact peak instant during forefoot strike running. Compared with the no-CFP shoe, peak plantar pressure and compressive strain under the forefoot consistently decreased when the CFP thickness increased, and the low-loaded conditions were found more effective (peak pressure decreased up to 31.91% and compressive strain decreased up to 18.61%). In terms of metatarsal stress, CFP designs resulted in varied effects and were dependent on their locations. Specifically, high-loaded CFP led to relatively higher peak metatarsal stress without the reduction trend as thickness increased (peak stress increased up to 12.91%), while low-loaded conditions showed a gradual reduction in peak stress, decreasing by 0.74%. Therefore, a low-loaded thicker CFP should be considered to achieve the pressure-relief effects of running shoes without the expense of increased metatarsal stress.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yang Song
- Faculty of Sports Science, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China; Doctoral School on Safety and Security Sciences, Óbuda University, Budapest, Hungary; Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Split, Split, Croatia
| | - Xuanzhen Cen
- Faculty of Sports Science, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China; Doctoral School on Safety and Security Sciences, Óbuda University, Budapest, Hungary; Faculty of Engineering, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Hairong Chen
- Faculty of Sports Science, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Dong Sun
- Faculty of Sports Science, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | | | - Kovács Bálint
- Faculty of Sports Science, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China; Department of Kinesiology, Hungarian University of Sports Science, Budapest, Hungary
| | - István Bíró
- Doctoral School on Safety and Security Sciences, Óbuda University, Budapest, Hungary; Faculty of Engineering, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Yaodong Gu
- Faculty of Sports Science, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Bakeri H, Hasikin K, Abd Razak NA, Mohd Razman R, Khamis AA, Annuha M‘A, Tajuddin A, Reza D. Silicone Elastomeric-Based Materials of Soft Pneumatic Actuator for Lower-Limb Rehabilitation: Finite Element Modelling and Prototype Experimental Validation. APPLIED SCIENCES 2023; 13:2977. [DOI: 10.3390/app13052977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
Abstract
This study describes the basic design, material selection, fabrication, and evaluation of soft pneumatic actuators (SPA) for lower-limb rehabilitation compression therapy. SPAs can be a promising technology in proactive pressure delivery, with a wide range of dosages for treating venous-related diseases. However, the most effective design and material selection of SPAs for dynamic pressure delivery have not been fully explored. Therefore, a SPA chamber with two elastomeric layers was developed for this study, with single-side inflation. The 3D deformation profiles of the SPA chamber using three different elastomeric rubbers were analyzed using the finite element method (FEM). The best SPA-compliant behavior was displayed by food-grade silicone A10 Shore with a maximum deformation value of 25.34 mm. Next, the SPA chamber was fabricated using A10 Shore silicone and experimentally validated. During the simulation in FEM, the air pressure was applied on the inner wall of the chamber (i.e., the affected area). This is to ensure the applied pressure was evenly distributed in the inner wall while the outer wall of the chamber remained undeformed for all compression levels. During the inflation process, pressure will be applied to the SPA chamber, causing exerted pressure on the skin which is then measured for comparison. The simulation and experimental results show an excellent agreement of pressure transmission on the skin for the pressure range of 0–120 mmHg, as depicted in the Bland–Altman plots. The findings exhibited promising results in the development of the SPA chamber using low-cost and biocompatible food-grade silicone.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hanisah Bakeri
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia
- Medical Revolution Sdn. Bhd, 10 Boulevard, Petaling Jaya 47400, Malaysia
| | - Khairunnisa Hasikin
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia
- Center of Intelligent Systems for Emerging Technology (CISET), Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia
| | - Nasrul Anuar Abd Razak
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia
| | - Rizal Mohd Razman
- Faculty of Sports and Exercise Science, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia
| | - Abd Alghani Khamis
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia
| | - Muhammad ‘Ammar Annuha
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia
| | - Abbad Tajuddin
- Medical Revolution Sdn. Bhd, 10 Boulevard, Petaling Jaya 47400, Malaysia
| | - Darween Reza
- My Conceptual Robotics Sdn. Bhd (MyCRO), Kompleks Diamond, Bandar Baru Bangi 43650, Malaysia
| |
Collapse
|