Gait Characteristics and Fatigue Profiles When Standing on Surfaces with Different Hardness: Gait Analysis and Machine Learning Algorithms

Effect of pregnancy on female gait characteristics: a pilot study based on portable gait analyzer and induced acceleration analysis

Introduction: The changes in physical shape and center of mass during pregnancy may increase the risk of falls. However, there were few studies on the effects of maternal muscles on gait characteristics and no studies have attempted to investigate changes in induced acceleration during pregnancy. Further research in this area may help to reveal the causes of gait changes in women during pregnancy and provide ideas for the design of footwear and clothing for pregnant women. The purpose of this study is to compare gait characteristics and induced accelerations between non-pregnant and pregnant women using OpenSim musculoskeletal modeling techniques, and to analyze their impact on pregnancy gait. Methods: Forty healthy participants participated in this study, including 20 healthy non-pregnant and 20 pregnant women (32.25 ± 5.36 weeks). The portable gait analyzer was used to collect participants' conventional gait parameters. The adjusted OpenSim personalized musculoskeletal model analyzed the participants' kinematics, kinetics, and induced acceleration. Independent sample T-test and one-dimensional parameter statistical mapping analysis were used to compare the differences in gait characteristics between pregnant and non-pregnant women. Results: Compared to the control group, pregnancy had a 0.34 m reduction in mean walking speed (p < 0.01), a decrease in mean stride length of 0.19 m (p < 0.01), a decrease in mean stride frequency of 19.06 step/min (p < 0.01), a decrease in mean thigh acceleration of 0.14 m/s² (p < 0.01), a decrease in mean swing work of 0.23 g (p < 0.01), and a decrease in mean leg falling strength of 0.84 g (p < 0.01). Induced acceleration analysis showed that pregnancy muscle-induced acceleration decreased in late pregnancy (p < 0.01), and the contribution of the gastrocnemius muscle to the hip and joint increased (p < 0.01). Discussion: Compared with non-pregnant women, the gait characteristics, movement amplitude, and joint moment of pregnant women changed significantly. This study observed for the first time that the pregnant women relied more on gluteus than quadriceps to extend their knee joints during walking compared with the control group. This change may be due to an adaptive change in body shape and mass during pregnancy.

Editorial to the Special Issue “Human Bodywork: Applications in Health, Disease, and Rehabilitation”

In this research topic, the question concerning how the human body functions through the musculoskeletal system was addressed [...]

Rehabilitation robot following motion control algorithm based on human behavior intention

In response to the current problem of low intelligence of mobile lower limb motor rehabilitation aids. This paper proposes an intelligent control scheme based on human movement behavior in order to control the rehabilitation robot to follow the patient’s movement. Firstly, a multi-sensor data acquisition system is designed according to the rehabilitation needs of the patient and the movement characteristics of the human body. A mathematical model of movement behavior is then established. By analyzing and processing motion data, the change in the center of gravity of the human body and the behavior intention signal are derived and used as a control command for the robot to follow the human body’s movement. Secondly, in order to improve the control effect of rehabilitation robot following human motion, an adaptive radial basis function neural network sliding mode controller (ARBFNNSMC) is designed based on the robot dynamic model. The adaptive adjustment of switching gain coefficient is performed by radial basis function neural network. The controller can overcome the influence caused by the change of robot control system parameters due to the fluctuation of the center of gravity of human body, enhance the adaptability of the system to other disturbance factors, and improve the accuracy of following human body motion. Finally, the motion following experiment of the rehabilitation robot is performed. The experimental results show that the robot can recognize the motion intention of human body and perform the training goal of following different subjects to complete straight lines and curves. The correctness of human motion behavior model and robot control algorithm is verified, which shows the feasibility of the intelligent control method proposed in this paper.

The Influence of a Shoe's Heel-Toe Drop on Gait Parameters during the Third Trimester of Pregnancy

Background: Changes in physical shape and body mass during pregnancy may increase the risk of walking falls. Shoes can protect and enhance the inherent function of the foot, helping to maintain dynamic and static stability. Methods: Sixteen women during the third trimester of pregnancy participated in this study to investigate the effect of negative heel shoes (NHS), positive heel shoes (PHS), and normal shoes (NS) on spatiotemporal parameters, ground reaction force (GRF), and stability. Differences in spatiotemporal parameter, GRF, and center of pressure (COP) between footwear conditions were examined using Statistical Parametric Mapping (SPM) and repeated measures analyses of variance (ANOVA). Results: The walking speed and step length increased with the increase in heel-toe drop. The anterior-posterior (AP)-COP in NHS decreased significantly (p < 0.001). When wearing NHS, peak posterior angles were significantly lower than NS and PHS (p < 0.05). Conclusions: The results show that changing the heel-toe drop can significantly affect the gait pattern of pregnant women. Understanding the gait patterns of pregnant women wearing shoes with different heel-toe drops is very important for reducing the risk of injury and equipment design.