1
|
Abdullah AN, Al-Habib OAM, Mohammed SA. Salivary microbial shifting in hypertensive patients with chronic periodontitis after scaling and root surface debridement. Mol Biol Rep 2024; 51:758. [PMID: 38874801 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-024-09687-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2024] [Accepted: 05/30/2024] [Indexed: 06/15/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study aimed to evaluate the impact of scaling and root surface debridement (SRP) on salivary bacterial counts and systolic and diastolic blood pressure in hypertensive patients with chronic periodontitis, with a focus on clinical significance. METHODS An observational trial included 24 chronic periodontitis patients, eleven of them were hypertensive patients. Non-surgical periodontal treatment was administered to all patients, with clinical parameters including gingival index (GI), plaque index (PI), and probing pocket depth (PPD) recorded. Saliva samples were collected before and after SRP to quantify total bacterial counts and specific bacterial counts. RESULTS Two months following SRP, PI and PPD in every subject under study demonstrated good responses. In hypertension patients, the salivary bacterial count was significantly higher following SRP (P = 0.0221). The incidence of Porphyromonas gingivalis in hypertension patients significantly decreased after treatment (P = 0.0386). Despite this, there was no discernible decrease in blood pressure following treatment. CONCLUSIONS SRP alone was ineffective in reducing overall bacterial counts, but P. gingivalis levels responded favorably. Regular periodontal assessment is crucial for hypertensive individuals to mitigate cardiovascular risk. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE Periodontal therapy in hypertensive patients may improve oral health but might not significantly impact blood pressure. Regular periodontal evaluation is essential for managing cardiovascular risk in hypertension.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ahed Najimelddin Abdullah
- Department of Dental Basic Sciences, College of Dentistry, University of Duhok, Duhok, Kurdistan Region, Iraq
| | | | - Saeed Ali Mohammed
- Periodontics Department, College of Dentistry, University of Duhok, Duhok, Kurdistan Region, Iraq
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Varma S, Thomas B, Subrahmanyam K, Duarte K, Alsaegh MA, Gopinath D, Kuriadom ST, Narayanan J, Desai VB, Khair AMB, Afrashtehfar KI. Salivary levels of inflammatory and anti-inflammatory biomarkers in periodontitis patients with and without acute myocardial infarction: implications for cardiovascular risk assessment. FRONTIERS IN ORAL HEALTH 2024; 5:1332980. [PMID: 38433948 PMCID: PMC10904480 DOI: 10.3389/froh.2024.1332980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Periodontitis is initiated by a dysbiotic activity and furthermore leads to a chronic inflammatory response. The presence of pro-inflammatory markers plays an important role in the inflammatory load. Macrophage inflammatory protein-1 alpha (MIP-1α) and C-reactive protein (CRP) are pro- inflammatory biomarkers that quantify clinical and subclinical inflammation in cardiac ischemia in cardiac inflammation and disease. Adiponectin is an anti-inflammatory marker associated with good health. The susceptibility of periodontitis patients to cardiovascular events needs to be evaluated. Objective This study aims to assess the levels of biomarkers in periodontitis patients with and without acute myocardial infarction (AMI) compared to controls. Material and methods Pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory analytes were examined by collecting unstimulated saliva from three groups (n = 20/each): healthy individuals, individuals with stage III periodontitis, and post-myocardial infarction patients with stage III periodontitis. The samples were collected within 48 h of AMI. Results Adiponectin levels were significantly lower in patients with periodontitis with and without AMI compared to controls, while CRP and MIP-1α were significantly higher in patients with periodontitis with and without AMI compared to controls. The highest titers for MIP-1α and CRP were detected among patients with periodontitis with and AMI. Conclusion Our study provides possible evidence of the association between periodontitis and salivary analytes that occur in tandem with cardiovascular disease. The lower levels of Adiponectin and higher levels of CRP and MIP-1α in patients with periodontitis indicate that this condition is a potential risk factor for cardiovascular disease. The findings emphasize the importance of early detection and intervention for periodontitis patients to prevent cardiovascular events.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sudhir Varma
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Ajman University, Ajman, United Arab Emirates
| | - Biju Thomas
- AB Shetty Memorial Institute of Dental Sciences, Mangalore, India
- NITTE (Deemed to be University), Mangalore, India
| | - K. Subrahmanyam
- NITTE (Deemed to be University), Mangalore, India
- K.S. Hegde Hospital, Mangalore, India
| | - Kimberly Duarte
- AB Shetty Memorial Institute of Dental Sciences, Mangalore, India
- K.S. Hegde Hospital, Mangalore, India
| | - Mohammed A. Alsaegh
- College of Dental Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Divya Gopinath
- Department of Basic Sciences, Ajman University, Ajman, United Arab Emirates
| | - Sam T. Kuriadom
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Ajman University, Ajman, United Arab Emirates
| | - Jayaraj Narayanan
- Department of Basic Sciences, Ajman University, Ajman, United Arab Emirates
| | - Vijay B. Desai
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Ajman University, Ajman, United Arab Emirates
| | | | - Kelvin I. Afrashtehfar
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Ajman University, Ajman, United Arab Emirates
- Bern Center for Precision Medicine, Medical School, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Department of Orthodontics, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Freiherr Von Seckendorff A, Nomenjanahary MS, Labreuche J, Ollivier V, Di Meglio L, Dupont S, Hamdani M, Brikci-Nigassa N, Brun A, Boursin P, Piotin M, Mazighi M, Ho-Tin-Noé B, Desilles JP, Delbosc S. Periodontitis in ischemic stroke: impact of Porphyromonas gingivalis on thrombus composition and ischemic stroke outcomes. Res Pract Thromb Haemost 2024; 8:102313. [PMID: 38318152 PMCID: PMC10840352 DOI: 10.1016/j.rpth.2023.102313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2023] [Revised: 12/11/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 02/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Periodontitis is associated with an increased risk of ischemic stroke, but the mechanisms underlying this association remain unclear. Objectives Our objective was to determine whether Porphyromonas gingivalis (Pg), a periodontal bacterium, could be detected within thrombus aspirates, modify thrombus composition, and endovascular therapy responses. Methods The presence of Pg gingipain in 175 consecutive thrombi from patients with large vessel occlusion stroke enrolled in the multicenter research cohort compoCLOT was investigated by immunostaining. Thrombus blood cell composition according to gingipain status was analyzed in a subset of 63 patients. Results Pg gingipain immunostaining was positive in 33.7% of thrombi (95% CI, 26.7%-40.8%). The percentage of near to complete reperfusion (modified Thrombolysis in Cerebral Infarction Score 2c/3) at the end of the procedure was lower in the Pgpos group than the Pgneg group (39.0% vs 57.8% respectively; adjusted odds ratio, 0.38; 95% CI, 0.19-0.77). At 3 months, 35.7% of patients in the Pgpos group had a favorable neurological outcome vs 49.5% in the Pgneg group (odds ratio, 0.65; 95% CI, 0.30-1.40). Quantitative analysis of a subset of 63 thrombi showed that neutrophil elastase content was significantly (P < .05) higher in Pgpos thrombi than in Pgneg thrombi. Conclusion Our results indicate that intrathrombus Pg gingipain is associated with increased neutrophil content and resistance to endovascular therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aurélien Freiherr Von Seckendorff
- Interventional Neuroradiology Department and Biological Resources Center, Rothschild Foundation Hospital, Paris, France
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale Unité Mixte de Recherche-1144, Optimisation Thérapeutique en Neuropsychopharmacologie, Unité de Formation et de Recherche Pharmacie, Université Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Mialitiana Solo Nomenjanahary
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale Unité Mixte de Recherche-1144, Optimisation Thérapeutique en Neuropsychopharmacologie, Unité de Formation et de Recherche Pharmacie, Université Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Julien Labreuche
- Department of Biostatistics, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Lille, Lille, France
| | - Véronique Ollivier
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale Unité Mixte de Recherche-1144, Optimisation Thérapeutique en Neuropsychopharmacologie, Unité de Formation et de Recherche Pharmacie, Université Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Lucas Di Meglio
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale Unité Mixte de Recherche-1144, Optimisation Thérapeutique en Neuropsychopharmacologie, Unité de Formation et de Recherche Pharmacie, Université Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Sebastien Dupont
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale Unité Mixte de Recherche-1144, Optimisation Thérapeutique en Neuropsychopharmacologie, Unité de Formation et de Recherche Pharmacie, Université Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Mylène Hamdani
- Interventional Neuroradiology Department and Biological Resources Center, Rothschild Foundation Hospital, Paris, France
| | - Nahida Brikci-Nigassa
- Interventional Neuroradiology Department and Biological Resources Center, Rothschild Foundation Hospital, Paris, France
| | - Adrian Brun
- Laboratory of Orofacial Pathologies, Imaging and Biotherapies URP2496, Unité de Formation et de Recherche Odontologie, Faculté de Santé, Université Paris Cité, Montrouge, France
- Division of Periodontology, Department of Oral Medicine, Assisantance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Henri Mondor Hospital, Créteil, France
| | - Perrine Boursin
- Interventional Neuroradiology Department and Biological Resources Center, Rothschild Foundation Hospital, Paris, France
| | - Michel Piotin
- Interventional Neuroradiology Department and Biological Resources Center, Rothschild Foundation Hospital, Paris, France
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale Unité Mixte de Recherche-1144, Optimisation Thérapeutique en Neuropsychopharmacologie, Unité de Formation et de Recherche Pharmacie, Université Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Mikael Mazighi
- Interventional Neuroradiology Department and Biological Resources Center, Rothschild Foundation Hospital, Paris, France
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale Unité Mixte de Recherche-1144, Optimisation Thérapeutique en Neuropsychopharmacologie, Unité de Formation et de Recherche Pharmacie, Université Paris Cité, Paris, France
- Fédération Hospitalo-Universitaire Neurovasc, Department of Neurology, Hopital Lariboisière, Assisantance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France
- Department of Neurology, Hôpital Lariboisière, Assisantance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris Nord, Paris, France
| | - Benoit Ho-Tin-Noé
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale Unité Mixte de Recherche-1144, Optimisation Thérapeutique en Neuropsychopharmacologie, Unité de Formation et de Recherche Pharmacie, Université Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Jean-Philippe Desilles
- Interventional Neuroradiology Department and Biological Resources Center, Rothschild Foundation Hospital, Paris, France
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale Unité Mixte de Recherche-1144, Optimisation Thérapeutique en Neuropsychopharmacologie, Unité de Formation et de Recherche Pharmacie, Université Paris Cité, Paris, France
- Fédération Hospitalo-Universitaire Neurovasc, Department of Neurology, Hopital Lariboisière, Assisantance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Sandrine Delbosc
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Laboratory for Vascular Translational Research, Université Paris Cité and Université Sorbonne Paris Nord, Paris, France
| | - compoCLOT study group
- Interventional Neuroradiology Department and Biological Resources Center, Rothschild Foundation Hospital, Paris, France
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale Unité Mixte de Recherche-1144, Optimisation Thérapeutique en Neuropsychopharmacologie, Unité de Formation et de Recherche Pharmacie, Université Paris Cité, Paris, France
- Department of Biostatistics, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Lille, Lille, France
- Laboratory of Orofacial Pathologies, Imaging and Biotherapies URP2496, Unité de Formation et de Recherche Odontologie, Faculté de Santé, Université Paris Cité, Montrouge, France
- Division of Periodontology, Department of Oral Medicine, Assisantance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Henri Mondor Hospital, Créteil, France
- Fédération Hospitalo-Universitaire Neurovasc, Department of Neurology, Hopital Lariboisière, Assisantance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France
- Department of Neurology, Hôpital Lariboisière, Assisantance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris Nord, Paris, France
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Laboratory for Vascular Translational Research, Université Paris Cité and Université Sorbonne Paris Nord, Paris, France
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Gupta U, Dey P. The oral microbial odyssey influencing chronic metabolic disease. Arch Physiol Biochem 2023:1-17. [PMID: 38145405 DOI: 10.1080/13813455.2023.2296346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2023] [Accepted: 12/03/2023] [Indexed: 12/26/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Since the oral cavity is the gateway to the gut, oral microbes likely hold the potential to influence metabolic disease by affecting the gut microbiota. METHOD A thorough review of literature has been performed to link the alterations in oral microbiota with chronic metabolic disease by influencing the gut microbiota. RESULT A strong correlation exists between abnormalities in oral microbiota and several systemic disorders, such as cardiovascular disease, diabetes, and obesity, which likely initially manifest as oral diseases. Ensuring adequate oral hygiene practices and cultivating diverse oral microflora are crucial for the preservation of general well-being. Oral bacteria have the ability to establish and endure in the gastrointestinal tract, leading to the development of prolonged inflammation and activation of the immune system. Oral microbe-associated prophylactic strategies could be beneficial in mitigating metabolic diseases. CONCLUSION Oral microbiota can have a profound impact on the gut microbiota and influence the pathogenesis of metabolic diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Upasana Gupta
- Department of Biotechnology, Thapar Institute of Engineering & Technology, Patiala, Punjab, India
| | - Priyankar Dey
- Department of Biotechnology, Thapar Institute of Engineering & Technology, Patiala, Punjab, India
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Wu Y, Du L, Fan M, Chen X, Tang Y, Wang Y, Wang K, Wang S, Li G. Association between oral infections, triglyceride-glucose index, and in-stent restenosis. Oral Dis 2023; 29:3698-3706. [PMID: 36321885 DOI: 10.1111/odi.14420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2022] [Revised: 10/14/2022] [Accepted: 10/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To investigate oral infections in patients suffering in-stent restenosis (ISR) and non-ISR and analyze the possible correlation between the oral infection and triglyceride-glucose (TyG) index, a clinical surrogate indicator of insulin resistance (IR). MATERIALS AND METHODS A cross-sectional design was used, in which 586 patients with acute coronary syndrome who underwent coronary angiography 6-24 months after coronary stent implantation were recruited. The modified total dental index (TDI) was used to evaluate the status of oral inflammation. RESULTS In both univariate analyses, TDI scores [3 (1.5, 4.5) vs. 2.5 (1.5, 4.0), p < 0.01] and a multivariate regression model (OR = 1.202, 95% CI = 1.085-1.333, p < 0.01), the TDI significantly correlated with ISR. The TyG index was positively associated with ISR (OR = 1.766, 95% CI = 1.055-2.957, p < 0.05). Correlation analysis showed that TDI was positively correlated with TyG index (r = 0.190, p < 0.01). Using linear regression analysis, higher TDI scores were significantly associated with IR (95% CI = 0.029-0.063, p < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS Oral infections and TyG index were independently and positively correlated with ISR in patients with acute coronary syndrome. Oral inflammatory burden assessed by TDI score was associated with IR.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yingle Wu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Ionic-Molecular Function of Cardiovascular Disease, Department of Cardiology, Tianjin Institute of Cardiology, The Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Clinical Medicine of Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, China
| | - Laijing Du
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Clinical Medicine of Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, China
| | - Mengnan Fan
- Department of Medical Record, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Clinical Medicine of Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, China
| | - Xinzhao Chen
- Department of Stomatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Air Force Medical University, Xian, China
| | - Yanyan Tang
- Department of Stomatology, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Clinical Medicine of Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, China
| | - Yanyu Wang
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Clinical Medicine of Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, China
| | - Ke Wang
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Clinical Medicine of Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, China
| | - Shaoxin Wang
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Clinical Medicine of Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, China
| | - Guangping Li
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Ionic-Molecular Function of Cardiovascular Disease, Department of Cardiology, Tianjin Institute of Cardiology, The Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Ricciardi RM, Cipollone A, D'Ardes D, Di Giacomo D, Pignatelli P, Cipollone F, Curia MC, Magni P, Bucci M. Risk Factors and Immunoinflammatory Mechanisms Leading to Atherosclerosis: Focus on the Role of Oral Microbiota Dysbiosis. Microorganisms 2023; 11:1479. [PMID: 37374981 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11061479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2023] [Revised: 05/25/2023] [Accepted: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases (CVD), including myocardial infarction and stroke, are currently the leading cause of morbidity, disability and mortality worldwide. Recently, researchers have focused their attention on the alterations of the gut and oral microbiota, investigating the possible role of their dysbiosis in the pathogenesis and/or progression of CVD. In this regard, it has been shown that endothelial dysfunction, a major feature of CVD, can also be induced by chronic periodontal infection, due to a systemic pro-inflammatory condition, as suggested by increased plasma levels of acute phase proteins, IL-6 and fibrinogen. Moreover, proatherogenic dysfunctions can also be promoted by direct bacterial invasion of the endothelium. This review reports the current evidence about the possible role of oral microbiota dysbiosis and the related immunoinflammatory components in the pathophysiology of atherosclerosis and associated CVD. It is concluded that integration of oral microbiota sampling into clinical practice may result in a more accurate assessment of CV risk in patients and even modify their prognosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Riccardo Mattia Ricciardi
- Department of Medicine and Aging Sciences, Università degli Studi "Gabriele d'Annunzio" di Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy
- Regional Center for the Study of Atherosclerosis, Hypertension and Dyslipidemia, "SS Annunziata" Hospital-ASL, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Alessia Cipollone
- Department of Medicine and Aging Sciences, Università degli Studi "Gabriele d'Annunzio" di Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy
- Regional Center for the Study of Atherosclerosis, Hypertension and Dyslipidemia, "SS Annunziata" Hospital-ASL, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Damiano D'Ardes
- Department of Medicine and Aging Sciences, Università degli Studi "Gabriele d'Annunzio" di Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy
- Regional Center for the Study of Atherosclerosis, Hypertension and Dyslipidemia, "SS Annunziata" Hospital-ASL, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Davide Di Giacomo
- Department of Medicine and Aging Sciences, Università degli Studi "Gabriele d'Annunzio" di Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy
- Regional Center for the Study of Atherosclerosis, Hypertension and Dyslipidemia, "SS Annunziata" Hospital-ASL, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Pamela Pignatelli
- COMDINAV DUE, Nave Cavour, Italian Navy, Stazione Navale Mar Grande-Viale Jonio, 74122 Taranto, Italy
| | - Francesco Cipollone
- Department of Medicine and Aging Sciences, Università degli Studi "Gabriele d'Annunzio" di Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy
- Regional Center for the Study of Atherosclerosis, Hypertension and Dyslipidemia, "SS Annunziata" Hospital-ASL, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Maria Cristina Curia
- Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, Università degli Studi "Gabriele d'Annunzio" di Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Paolo Magni
- Epidemiology and Preventive Pharmacology Service (SEFAP), Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milan, Italy
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences "Rodolfo Paoletti", Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milan, Italy
- IRCCS MultiMedica, Sesto S. Giovanni, 20099 Milan, Italy
| | - Marco Bucci
- Department of Medicine and Aging Sciences, Università degli Studi "Gabriele d'Annunzio" di Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy
- Regional Center for the Study of Atherosclerosis, Hypertension and Dyslipidemia, "SS Annunziata" Hospital-ASL, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Mosaddad SA, Hussain A, Tebyaniyan H. Green Alternatives as Antimicrobial Agents in Mitigating Periodontal Diseases: A Narrative Review. Microorganisms 2023; 11:1269. [PMCID: PMC10220622 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11051269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2023] [Revised: 04/26/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Periodontal diseases and dental caries are the most common infectious oral diseases impacting oral health globally. Oral cavity health is crucial for enhancing life quality since it serves as the entranceway to general health. The oral microbiome and oral infectious diseases are strongly correlated. Gram-negative anaerobic bacteria have been associated with periodontal diseases. Due to the shortcomings of several antimicrobial medications frequently applied in dentistry, the lack of resources in developing countries, the prevalence of oral inflammatory conditions, and the rise in bacterial antibiotic resistance, there is a need for reliable, efficient, and affordable alternative solutions for the prevention and treatment of periodontal diseases. Several accessible chemical agents can alter the oral microbiota, although these substances also have unfavorable symptoms such as vomiting, diarrhea, and tooth discoloration. Natural phytochemicals generated from plants that have historically been used as medicines are categorized as prospective alternatives due to the ongoing quest for substitute products. This review concentrated on phytochemicals or herbal extracts that impact periodontal diseases by decreasing the formation of dental biofilms and plaques, preventing the proliferation of oral pathogens, and inhibiting bacterial adhesion to surfaces. Investigations examining the effectiveness and safety of plant-based medicines have also been presented, including those conducted over the past decade.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Seyed Ali Mosaddad
- Student Research Committee, School of Dentistry, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz 71348-14336, Iran;
| | - Ahmed Hussain
- School of Dentistry, Edmonton Clinic Health Academy, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 1C9, Canada
| | - Hamid Tebyaniyan
- Science and Research Branch, Islimic Azade University, Tehran 14878-92855, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Gusev E, Sarapultsev A. Atherosclerosis and Inflammation: Insights from the Theory of General Pathological Processes. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24097910. [PMID: 37175617 PMCID: PMC10178362 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24097910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Revised: 04/24/2023] [Accepted: 04/25/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent advances have greatly improved our understanding of the molecular mechanisms behind atherosclerosis pathogenesis. However, there is still a need to systematize this data from a general pathology perspective, particularly with regard to atherogenesis patterns in the context of both canonical and non-classical inflammation types. In this review, we analyze various typical phenomena and outcomes of cellular pro-inflammatory stress in atherosclerosis, as well as the role of endothelial dysfunction in local and systemic manifestations of low-grade inflammation. We also present the features of immune mechanisms in the development of productive inflammation in stable and unstable plaques, along with their similarities and differences compared to canonical inflammation. There are numerous factors that act as inducers of the inflammatory process in atherosclerosis, including vascular endothelium aging, metabolic dysfunctions, autoimmune, and in some cases, infectious damage factors. Life-critical complications of atherosclerosis, such as cardiogenic shock and severe strokes, are associated with the development of acute systemic hyperinflammation. Additionally, critical atherosclerotic ischemia of the lower extremities induces paracoagulation and the development of chronic systemic inflammation. Conversely, sepsis, other critical conditions, and severe systemic chronic diseases contribute to atherogenesis. In summary, atherosclerosis can be characterized as an independent form of inflammation, sharing similarities but also having fundamental differences from low-grade inflammation and various variants of canonical inflammation (classic vasculitis).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Evgenii Gusev
- Institute of Immunology and Physiology, Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Science, 620049 Ekaterinburg, Russia
| | - Alexey Sarapultsev
- Institute of Immunology and Physiology, Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Science, 620049 Ekaterinburg, Russia
- Russian-Chinese Education and Research Center of System Pathology, South Ural State University, 454080 Chelyabinsk, Russia
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Ruan Q, Guan P, Qi W, Li J, Xi M, Xiao L, Zhong S, Ma D, Ni J. Porphyromonas gingivalis regulates atherosclerosis through an immune pathway. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1103592. [PMID: 36999040 PMCID: PMC10043234 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1103592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Accepted: 03/01/2023] [Indexed: 03/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerosis (AS) is a chronic inflammatory disease, involving a pathological process of endothelial dysfunction, lipid deposition, plaque rupture, and arterial occlusion, and is one of the leading causes of death in the world population. The progression of AS is closely associated with several inflammatory diseases, among which periodontitis has been shown to increase the risk of AS. Porphyromonas gingivalis (P. gingivalis), presenting in large numbers in subgingival plaque biofilms, is the “dominant flora” in periodontitis, and its multiple virulence factors are important in stimulating host immunity. Therefore, it is significant to elucidate the potential mechanism and association between P. gingivalis and AS to prevent and treat AS. By summarizing the existing studies, we found that P. gingivalis promotes the progression of AS through multiple immune pathways. P. gingivalis can escape host immune clearance and, in various forms, circulate with blood and lymph and colonize arterial vessel walls, directly inducing local inflammation in blood vessels. It also induces the production of systemic inflammatory mediators and autoimmune antibodies, disrupts the serum lipid profile, and thus promotes the progression of AS. In this paper, we summarize the recent evidence (including clinical studies and animal studies) on the correlation between P. gingivalis and AS, and describe the specific immune mechanisms by which P. gingivalis promotes AS progression from three aspects (immune escape, blood circulation, and lymphatic circulation), providing new insights into the prevention and treatment of AS by suppressing periodontal pathogenic bacteria.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qijun Ruan
- Department of Periodontics, Stomatological Hospital, School of Stomatology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Peng Guan
- Department of Periodontics, Stomatological Hospital, School of Stomatology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Weijuan Qi
- Department of Periodontics, Stomatological Hospital, School of Stomatology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiatong Li
- Department of Periodontics, Stomatological Hospital, School of Stomatology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Mengying Xi
- Department of Periodontics, Stomatological Hospital, School of Stomatology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Limin Xiao
- Department of Periodontics, Stomatological Hospital, School of Stomatology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Sulan Zhong
- Department of Periodontics, Stomatological Hospital, School of Stomatology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Dandan Ma
- Department of Endodontics, Stomatological Hospital, School of Stomatology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Dandan Ma, ; Jia Ni,
| | - Jia Ni
- Department of Periodontics, Stomatological Hospital, School of Stomatology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Dandan Ma, ; Jia Ni,
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Liu C, Shi F, Li W, Chen J. Efficacy of non-surgical periodontal treatment on patients with coronary artery disease: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Med Oral Patol Oral Cir Bucal 2022; 27:e578-e587. [PMID: 36243997 PMCID: PMC9648645 DOI: 10.4317/medoral.25514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Coronary artery disease (CAD) is defined as one of the most common cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). Periodontitis is one of the risk factors for CAD. MATERIAL AND METHODS PubMed, Embase and Cochrane Library databases were carefully and thoroughly retrieved until October 2021. On the basis of the inclusion and exclusion criteria, eligible articles were selected strictly to identify randomized controlled trials (RCTs). Using Cochran's Q statistic, Review Manager 5.4 and Stata 16, data were extracted, and a comprehensive analysis was carried out. RESULTS Six RCTs of 619 patients were included in this study, including 360 in the intervention group (IG) and 259 in the control group (CG). Meta-analysis showed significant difference for C-reactive protein (CRP) (1.20mg/L, 95% CI: 1.13 to 1.27, p < 0.00001) after non-surgical periodontal therapy (NSPT), but showed no significant difference for interleukin-6 (IL-6) (1.19mg/L, 95% CI: -1.03 to 3.40, p=0.29), flow-mediated dilation (FMD) (-1.64%, 95% CI: -4.95 to 1.67, p=0.33), triacylglycerol (TG) (-0.02mg/dL, 95% CI: -0.31 to 0.27, p=0.90), total cholesterol (TC) (0.04mg/dL, 95% CI: -0.25 to 0.33, p=0.90), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) (0.00mg/dL, 95% CI: -0.29 to 0.29, p=0.99) and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) (0.11mg/dL, 95% CI: -0.18 to 0.40, p=0.46). CONCLUSIONS The impact of NSPT on the reduction of CRP in patients of CAD with periodontitis is significant. NSPT can be considered as an important preventive strategy for major cardiovascular events in CAD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- C Liu
- Department of Periodontology Xiangya Stomatological Hospital Central South University Changsha, 410008, China
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
11
|
Aleksijević LH, Aleksijević M, Škrlec I, Šram M, Šram M, Talapko J. Porphyromonas gingivalis Virulence Factors and Clinical Significance in Periodontal Disease and Coronary Artery Diseases. Pathogens 2022; 11:pathogens11101173. [PMID: 36297228 PMCID: PMC9609396 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens11101173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Revised: 09/27/2022] [Accepted: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Porphyromonas gingivalis is a gram-negative, anaerobic bacterium that lives in the oral cavity. It is an integral part of the oral microbiome, which includes more than 500 types of bacteria. Under certain circumstances, as a consequence of virulence factors, it can become very destructive and proliferate to many cells in periodontal lesions. It is one of the causative agents present extremely often in dental plaque and is the main etiological factor in the development of periodontal disease. During various therapeutic procedures, P. gingivalis can enter the blood and disseminate through it to distant organs. This primarily refers to the influence of periodontal agents on the development of subacute endocarditis and can facilitate the development of coronary heart disease, atherosclerosis, and ischemic infarction. The action of P. gingivalis is facilitated by numerous factors of virulence and pathogenicity such as fimbriae, hemolysin, hemagglutinin, capsules, outer membrane vesicles, lipopolysaccharides, and gingipains. A special problem is the possibility of biofilm formation. P. gingivalis in a biofilm is 500 to 1000 times less sensitive to antimicrobial drugs than planktonic cells, which represents a significant problem in the treatment of infections caused by this pathogen.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lorena Horvat Aleksijević
- Faculty of Dental Medicine and Health, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, 31000 Osijek, Croatia
- Correspondence: (L.H.A.); (J.T.)
| | - Marko Aleksijević
- Faculty of Dental Medicine and Health, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, 31000 Osijek, Croatia
| | - Ivana Škrlec
- Faculty of Dental Medicine and Health, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, 31000 Osijek, Croatia
| | - Marko Šram
- Faculty of Medicine, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, 31000 Osijek, Croatia
| | - Miroslav Šram
- Faculty of Medicine, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, 31000 Osijek, Croatia
- Department of Cardiology, Clinical Hospital Center Osijek, 31000 Osijek, Croatia
| | - Jasminka Talapko
- Faculty of Dental Medicine and Health, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, 31000 Osijek, Croatia
- Correspondence: (L.H.A.); (J.T.)
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Tao Y, He M, Hu H, Gao Z, Huang Z, Li H, Li Y, Li X. Correlation study of periodontitis with cognitive impairment. HUA XI KOU QIANG YI XUE ZA ZHI = HUAXI KOUQIANG YIXUE ZAZHI = WEST CHINA JOURNAL OF STOMATOLOGY 2022; 40:549-553. [PMID: 38596975 PMCID: PMC9588862 DOI: 10.7518/hxkq.2022.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2022] [Revised: 05/03/2022] [Indexed: 04/11/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study aimed to determine the association of periodontitis with cognitive impairment by evaluating periodontal conditions in middle-aged and elderly people of normal cognition and cognitive impairment. METHODS Forty patients with cognitive impairment and thirty-five healthy controls were included in this study. Mini-mental state examination (MMSE) was used to evaluate the level of cognitive function in all patients and controls. Periodontal conditions including severity of periodontitis, number of remaining teeth, percentage of bleeding on probing, probing depth (PD), and attachment level (AL) were examined. Periodontal conditions were compared between patients and controls, and the correlation between periodontal conditions and cognitive-function level was analyzed. Statistical analysis was performed with SPSS 26.0. RESULTS The distribution of severity of periodontitis significantly differed between patients and controls (χ2=13.309 and P=0.001). The proportion of severe periodontitis in the cognitive-impairment group was significantly higher than that in the healthy controls (P<0.05). The percentage of sites with PD≥6 mm and AL≥5 mm in the cognitive-impairment group was higher than that in the controls, whereas the percentage of sites with PD=1-3 mm and AL=0-2 mm was higher in the controls (P<0.05). No significant difference in percentage of bleeding on probing was found in the two groups (P>0.05). Patients with cognitive impairment had fewer teeth than the controls (P<0.05). The level of cognitive function, assessed by MMSE, was positively correlated with the number of teeth and the percentage of sites with AL=0-2 mm, and it was negatively correlated with the percentage of sites with AL≥5 mm (P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS A correlation existed between periodontitis and cognitive impairment. Further study is essential to explore the specific relationship and related mechanism between periodontitis and cognitive impairment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yufei Tao
- Dept. of Periodontics, Hefei Stomatological Hospital & Hefei Stomatological Clinic College, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230031, China
| | - Mengna He
- Dept. of Periodontics, Hefei Stomatological Hospital & Hefei Stomatological Clinic College, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230031, China
| | - Hongyan Hu
- Dept. of Periodontics, Hefei Stomatological Hospital & Hefei Stomatological Clinic College, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230031, China
| | - Ziwen Gao
- Dept. of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230022, China
| | - Ziang Huang
- Dept. of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230022, China
| | - Hui Li
- Dept. of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230022, China
| | - Yuqing Li
- Dept. of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230022, China
| | - Xiaoshu Li
- Dept. of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230022, China
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Georges FM, Do NT, Seleem D. Oral dysbiosis and systemic diseases. FRONTIERS IN DENTAL MEDICINE 2022. [DOI: 10.3389/fdmed.2022.995423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this mini review is to investigate the connection between oral microbiome dysbiosis and systemic diseases. Many systemic conditions can have oral manifestations and cause worsening in oral diseases. For example, uncontrolled type 2 diabetes has been associated with worsening of periodontal disease. Other inflammatory diseases or autoimmune diseases may predispose to oral mucositis, mucosal ulcers, xerostomia, and higher susceptibility to oral infections. This review will outline common systemic diseases, such as metabolic, cardiovascular, and immunologic disorders as they relate to oral manifestations and changes in the oral microbiome composition.
Collapse
|
14
|
Koga A, Ariyoshi W, Kobayashi K, Izumi M, Isobe A, Akifusa S, Nishihara T. The Association between Tannerella forsythia and the Onset of Fever in Older Nursing Home Residents: A Prospective Cohort Study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19084734. [PMID: 35457601 PMCID: PMC9025807 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19084734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2022] [Revised: 04/01/2022] [Accepted: 04/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Background: Periodontal pathogens are related to the incidence of systemic diseases. This study aimed to examine whether periodontal pathogen burden is associated with the risk of fever onset in older adults. Methods: Older adults in nursing homes, aged ≥65 years, were enrolled. The study was set in Kitakyushu, Japan. The body temperatures of participants were ≥37.2 °C and were recorded for eight months. As periodontal pathogens, Porphyromonas gingivalis, Treponema denticola, and Tannerella forsythia were qualified by a real-time polymerase chain reaction at the baseline. For statistical analysis, the number of bacterial counts was logarithmically conversed to 10 as a base. Results: Data from 56 participants with a median age of 88 (62−98) years were available for analysis. The logarithmic-conversed bacterial counts of T. forsythia, but not P. gingivalis or T. denticola, were associated with the onset of fever in older residents. The Kaplan−Meier method revealed that the group with <104 of T. forsythia had significantly less cumulative fever incidence than the group with ≥104 of T. forsythia. The group with ≥104 of T. forsythia was associated with an increased risk of fever onset (hazard ratio, 3.7; 98% confidence interval, 1.3−10.2; p = 0.012), which was adjusted for possible confounders. Conclusions: Bacterial burden of T. forsythia in the oral cavity was associated with the risk of the onset of fever in older nursing homes residents.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ayaka Koga
- Division of Infections and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Dentistry, Kyushu Dental University, Fukuoka 803-8580, Japan; (A.K.); (W.A.); (K.K.); (T.N.)
- School of Oral Health Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, Kyushu Dental University, Fukuoka 803-8580, Japan; (M.I.); (A.I.)
| | - Wataru Ariyoshi
- Division of Infections and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Dentistry, Kyushu Dental University, Fukuoka 803-8580, Japan; (A.K.); (W.A.); (K.K.); (T.N.)
| | - Kaoru Kobayashi
- Division of Infections and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Dentistry, Kyushu Dental University, Fukuoka 803-8580, Japan; (A.K.); (W.A.); (K.K.); (T.N.)
- School of Oral Health Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, Kyushu Dental University, Fukuoka 803-8580, Japan; (M.I.); (A.I.)
- ADTEC Co., Oita 879-0453, Japan
| | - Maya Izumi
- School of Oral Health Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, Kyushu Dental University, Fukuoka 803-8580, Japan; (M.I.); (A.I.)
| | - Ayaka Isobe
- School of Oral Health Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, Kyushu Dental University, Fukuoka 803-8580, Japan; (M.I.); (A.I.)
| | - Sumio Akifusa
- School of Oral Health Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, Kyushu Dental University, Fukuoka 803-8580, Japan; (M.I.); (A.I.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-93-285-3107
| | - Tatsuji Nishihara
- Division of Infections and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Dentistry, Kyushu Dental University, Fukuoka 803-8580, Japan; (A.K.); (W.A.); (K.K.); (T.N.)
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Cheng W, Ding Y, Xu C, Lu Q, Jin S. Editorial: Advances of endocrine and metabolic cardiovascular outcomes: From basic to clinical science, volume II. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:1114632. [PMID: 36714556 PMCID: PMC9878704 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.1114632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2022] [Accepted: 12/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Wenzhuo Cheng
- Department of Endocrinology, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Liyuan Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Ye Ding
- Center for Molecular and Translational Medicine, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Chengqi Xu
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of the Ministry of Education, College of Life Science and Technology and Center for Human Genome Research, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Qiulun Lu
- Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Si Jin
- Department of Endocrinology, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Liyuan Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- *Correspondence: Si Jin,
| |
Collapse
|