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Kim J, Bose D, Araínga M, Haque MR, Fennessey CM, Caddell RA, Thomas Y, Ferrell DE, Ali S, Grody E, Goyal Y, Cicala C, Arthos J, Keele BF, Vaccari M, Lorenzo-Redondo R, Hope TJ, Villinger F, Martinelli E. TGF-β blockade drives a transitional effector phenotype in T cells reversing SIV latency and decreasing SIV reservoirs in vivo. Nat Commun 2024; 15:1348. [PMID: 38355731 PMCID: PMC10867093 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-45555-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2023] [Accepted: 01/26/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024] Open
Abstract
HIV-1 persistence during ART is due to the establishment of long-lived viral reservoirs in resting immune cells. Using an NHP model of barcoded SIVmac239 intravenous infection and therapeutic dosing of anti-TGFBR1 inhibitor galunisertib (LY2157299), we confirm the latency reversal properties of in vivo TGF-β blockade, decrease viral reservoirs and stimulate immune responses. Treatment of eight female, SIV-infected macaques on ART with four 2-weeks cycles of galunisertib leads to viral reactivation as indicated by plasma viral load and immunoPET/CT with a 64Cu-DOTA-F(ab')2-p7D3-probe. Post-galunisertib, lymph nodes, gut and PBMC exhibit lower cell-associated (CA-)SIV DNA and lower intact pro-virus (PBMC). Galunisertib does not lead to systemic increase in inflammatory cytokines. High-dimensional cytometry, bulk, and single-cell (sc)RNAseq reveal a galunisertib-driven shift toward an effector phenotype in T and NK cells characterized by a progressive downregulation in TCF1. In summary, we demonstrate that galunisertib, a clinical stage TGF-β inhibitor, reverses SIV latency and decreases SIV reservoirs by driving T cells toward an effector phenotype, enhancing immune responses in vivo in absence of toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinhee Kim
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Deepanwita Bose
- New Iberia Research Center, University of Louisiana at Lafayette, New Iberia, LA, USA
| | - Mariluz Araínga
- New Iberia Research Center, University of Louisiana at Lafayette, New Iberia, LA, USA
| | - Muhammad R Haque
- Cell and Developmental Biology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Christine M Fennessey
- AIDS and Cancer Virus Program, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD, USA
| | - Rachel A Caddell
- Division of Immunology, Tulane National Primate Research Center, Covington, LA, USA
| | - Yanique Thomas
- Cell and Developmental Biology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Douglas E Ferrell
- New Iberia Research Center, University of Louisiana at Lafayette, New Iberia, LA, USA
| | - Syed Ali
- New Iberia Research Center, University of Louisiana at Lafayette, New Iberia, LA, USA
| | - Emanuelle Grody
- Cell and Developmental Biology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
- Center for Synthetic Biology, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Yogesh Goyal
- Cell and Developmental Biology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
- Center for Synthetic Biology, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
- Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Claudia Cicala
- Laboratory of Immunoregulation, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - James Arthos
- Laboratory of Immunoregulation, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Brandon F Keele
- AIDS and Cancer Virus Program, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD, USA
| | - Monica Vaccari
- Division of Immunology, Tulane National Primate Research Center, Covington, LA, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Ramon Lorenzo-Redondo
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
- Center for Pathogen Genomics and Microbial Evolution, Northwestern University Havey Institute for Global Health, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Thomas J Hope
- Cell and Developmental Biology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Francois Villinger
- New Iberia Research Center, University of Louisiana at Lafayette, New Iberia, LA, USA
| | - Elena Martinelli
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA.
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Gaspar D, Ginja C, Carolino N, Leão C, Monteiro H, Tábuas L, Branco S, Padre L, Caetano P, Romão R, Matos C, Ramos AM, Bettencourt E, Usié A. Genome-wide association study identifies genetic variants underlying footrot in Portuguese Merino sheep. BMC Genomics 2024; 25:100. [PMID: 38262937 PMCID: PMC10804546 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-023-09844-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 11/26/2023] [Indexed: 01/25/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ovine footrot caused by Dichelobacter nodosus (D. nodosus) is a contagious disease with serious economic and welfare impacts in sheep production systems worldwide. A better understanding of the host genetic architecture regarding footrot resistance/susceptibility is crucial to develop disease control strategies that efficiently reduce infection and its severity. A genome-wide association study was performed using a customized SNP array (47,779 SNPs in total) to identify genetic variants associated to footrot resistance/susceptibility in two Portuguese native breeds, i.e. Merino Branco and Merino Preto, and a population of crossbred animals. A cohort of 1375 sheep sampled across 17 flocks, located in the Alentejo region (southern Portugal), was included in the analyses. RESULTS Phenotypes were scored from 0 (healthy) to 5 (severe footrot) based on visual inspection of feet lesions, following the Modified Egerton System. Using a linear mixed model approach, three SNPs located on chromosome 24 reached genome-wide significance after a Bonferroni correction (p < 0.05). Additionally, six genome-wide suggestive SNPs were identified each on chromosomes 2, 4, 7, 8, 9 and 15. The annotation and KEGG pathway analyses showed that these SNPs are located within regions of candidate genes such as the nonsense mediated mRNA decay associated PI3K related kinase (SMG1) (chromosome 24) and the RALY RNA binding protein like (RALYL) (chromosome 9), both involved in immunity, and the heparan sulfate proteoglycan 2 (HSPG2) (chromosome 2) and the Thrombospodin 1 (THBS1) (chromosome 7) implicated in tissue repair and wound healing processes. CONCLUSION This is the first attempt to identify molecular markers associated with footrot in Portuguese Merino sheep. These findings provide relevant information on a likely genetic association underlying footrot resistance/susceptibility and the potential candidate genes affecting this trait. Genetic selection strategies assisted on the information obtained from this study could enhance Merino sheep-breeding programs, in combination with farm management strategies, for a more effective and sustainable long-term solution for footrot control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Gaspar
- Centro de Biotecnologia Agrícola E Agro-Alimentar Do Alentejo (CEBAL)/ Instituto Politécnico de Beja (IPBeja), 7801-908, Beja, Portugal
- CIBIO, Centro de Investigação em Biodiversidade e Recursos Genéticos, InBIO Laboratório Associado, Universidade do Porto, Campus de Vairão, R. Padre Armando Quintas 7, 4485-661, Vairão, Portugal
- BIOPOLIS Program in Genomics, Biodiversity and Land Planning, Campus do Varão, Campus de Vairão, R. Padre Armando Quintas 7, 4485-661, Vairão, Portugal
| | - Catarina Ginja
- CIBIO, Centro de Investigação em Biodiversidade e Recursos Genéticos, InBIO Laboratório Associado, Universidade do Porto, Campus de Vairão, R. Padre Armando Quintas 7, 4485-661, Vairão, Portugal
- BIOPOLIS Program in Genomics, Biodiversity and Land Planning, Campus do Varão, Campus de Vairão, R. Padre Armando Quintas 7, 4485-661, Vairão, Portugal
- CIISA, Centro de Investigação Interdisciplinar em Sanidade Animal, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Universidade Técnica, 1300-477, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Nuno Carolino
- CIISA, Centro de Investigação Interdisciplinar em Sanidade Animal, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Universidade Técnica, 1300-477, Lisboa, Portugal
- Instituto Nacional de Investigação Agrária E Veterinária, I.P. (INIAV, I.P.), Avenida da República, Quinta Do Marquês, 2780-157, Oeiras, Portugal
- Escola Universitária Vasco da Gama, Av. José R. Sousa Fernandes 197, 3020-210, Lordemão, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Célia Leão
- Centro de Biotecnologia Agrícola E Agro-Alimentar Do Alentejo (CEBAL)/ Instituto Politécnico de Beja (IPBeja), 7801-908, Beja, Portugal
- Instituto Nacional de Investigação Agrária E Veterinária, I.P. (INIAV, I.P.), Avenida da República, Quinta Do Marquês, 2780-157, Oeiras, Portugal
- MED - Mediterranean Institute for Agriculture, Environment and Development and CHANGE - Global Change and Sustainability Institute, CEBAL - Centro de Biotecnologia Agrícola e Agro-Alimentar do Alentejo, 7801-908, Beja, Portugal
| | | | | | - Sandra Branco
- MED-Mediterranean Institute for Agriculture, Environment and Development and CHANGE - Global Change and Sustainability Institute, University of Évora, Polo da Mitra, Ap. 94, 7006-554, Évora, Portugal
- Departamento de Medicina Veterinária, Escola de Ciências E Tecnologia, Évora University, Pólo da Mitra Ap. 94, 7002-554, Évora, Portugal
| | - Ludovina Padre
- MED-Mediterranean Institute for Agriculture, Environment and Development and CHANGE - Global Change and Sustainability Institute, University of Évora, Polo da Mitra, Ap. 94, 7006-554, Évora, Portugal
| | - Pedro Caetano
- MED-Mediterranean Institute for Agriculture, Environment and Development and CHANGE - Global Change and Sustainability Institute, University of Évora, Polo da Mitra, Ap. 94, 7006-554, Évora, Portugal
| | - Ricardo Romão
- MED-Mediterranean Institute for Agriculture, Environment and Development and CHANGE - Global Change and Sustainability Institute, University of Évora, Polo da Mitra, Ap. 94, 7006-554, Évora, Portugal
| | | | - António Marcos Ramos
- Centro de Biotecnologia Agrícola E Agro-Alimentar Do Alentejo (CEBAL)/ Instituto Politécnico de Beja (IPBeja), 7801-908, Beja, Portugal
- MED - Mediterranean Institute for Agriculture, Environment and Development and CHANGE - Global Change and Sustainability Institute, CEBAL - Centro de Biotecnologia Agrícola e Agro-Alimentar do Alentejo, 7801-908, Beja, Portugal
| | - Elisa Bettencourt
- MED-Mediterranean Institute for Agriculture, Environment and Development and CHANGE - Global Change and Sustainability Institute, University of Évora, Polo da Mitra, Ap. 94, 7006-554, Évora, Portugal
| | - Ana Usié
- Centro de Biotecnologia Agrícola E Agro-Alimentar Do Alentejo (CEBAL)/ Instituto Politécnico de Beja (IPBeja), 7801-908, Beja, Portugal.
- MED - Mediterranean Institute for Agriculture, Environment and Development and CHANGE - Global Change and Sustainability Institute, CEBAL - Centro de Biotecnologia Agrícola e Agro-Alimentar do Alentejo, 7801-908, Beja, Portugal.
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Kime J, Bose D, Arainga M, Haque MR, Fennessey CM, Caddell RA, Thomas Y, Ferrell DE, Ali S, Grody E, Goyal Y, Cicala C, Arthos J, Keele BF, Vaccari M, Lorenzo-Redondo R, Hope TJ, Villinger FJ, Marinelli E. TGF-β blockade drives a transitional effector phenotype in T cells reversing SIV latency and decreasing SIV reservoirs in vivo. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.09.05.556422. [PMID: 38014094 PMCID: PMC10680555 DOI: 10.1101/2023.09.05.556422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Abstract
HIV-1 persistence during ART is due to the establishment of long-lived viral reservoirs in resting immune cells. Using an NHP model of barcoded SIVmac239 intravenous infection and therapeutic dosing of the anti-TGFBR1 inhibitor galunisertib (LY2157299), we confirmed the latency reversal properties of in vivo TGF-β blockade, decreased viral reservoirs and stimulated immune responses. Eight SIV-infected macaques on suppressive ART were treated with 4 2-week cycles of galunisertib. ART was discontinued 3 weeks after the last dose, and macaques euthanized 6 weeks after ART-interruption(ATI). One macaque did not rebound, while the remaining rebounded between week 2 and 6 post-ATI. Galunisertib led to viral reactivation as indicated by plasma viral load and immunoPET/CT with the 64Cu-DOTA-F(ab')2-p7D3-probe. Half to 1 Log decrease in cell-associated (CA-)SIV DNA was detected in lymph nodes, gut and PBMC, while intact pro-virus in PBMC decreased by 3-fold. No systemic increase in inflammatory cytokines was observed. High-dimensions cytometry, bulk and single-cell RNAseq revealed a shift toward an effector phenotype in T and NK cells. In summary, we demonstrated that galunisertib, a clinical stage TGFβ inhibitor, reverses SIV latency and decreases SIV reservoirs by driving T cells toward an effector phenotype, enhancing immune responses in vivo in absence of toxicity.
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Tapoi DA, Popa ML, Tanase C, Derewicz D, Gheorghișan-Gălățeanu AA. Role of Tumor Microenvironment in Pituitary Neuroendocrine Tumors: New Approaches in Classification, Diagnosis and Therapy. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:5301. [PMID: 37958474 PMCID: PMC10649263 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15215301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2023] [Revised: 10/29/2023] [Accepted: 11/04/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Adenohypophysal pituitary tumors account for 10-15% of all intracranial tumors, and 25-55% display signs of invasiveness. Nevertheless, oncology still relies on histopathological examination to establish the diagnosis. Considering that the classification of pituitary tumors has changed significantly in recent years, we discuss the definition of aggressive and invasive tumors and the latest molecular criteria used for classifying these entities. The pituitary tumor microenvironment (TME) is essential for neoplastic development and progression. This review aims to reveal the impact of TME characteristics on stratifying these tumors in view of finding appropriate therapeutic approaches. The role of the pituitary tumor microenvironment and its main components, non-tumoral cells and soluble factors, has been addressed. The variable display of different immune cell types, tumor-associated fibroblasts, and folliculostellate cells is discussed in relation to tumor development and aggressiveness. The molecules secreted by both tumoral and non-tumoral cells, such as VEGF, FGF, EGF, IL6, TNFα, and immune checkpoint molecules, contribute to the crosstalk between the tumor and its microenvironment. They could be considered potential biomarkers for diagnosis and the invasiveness of these tumors, together with emerging non-coding RNA molecules. Therefore, assessing this complex network associated with pituitary neuroendocrine tumors could bring a new era in diagnosing and treating this pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dana Antonia Tapoi
- Department of Pathology, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021 Bucharest, Romania;
- Department of Pathology, University Emergency Hospital, 050098 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Maria-Linda Popa
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology and Histology, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021 Bucharest, Romania;
| | - Cristiana Tanase
- Victor Babes National Institute of Pathology, 050096 Bucharest, Romania;
- Department of Cell Biology and Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Titu Maiorescu University, 031593 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Diana Derewicz
- Department of Pediatrics, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021 Bucharest, Romania;
- Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Marie Sklodowska Curie Clinical Emergency Hospital, 041447 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Ancuța-Augustina Gheorghișan-Gălățeanu
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology and Histology, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021 Bucharest, Romania;
- C.I. Parhon National Institute of Endocrinology, 011863 Bucharest, Romania
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