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Li W, Liu X, Ma Y, Huang X, Hai D, Cheng Y, Bai G, Wang Y, Zhang B, Qiao M, Song L, Li N. Changes in physio-biochemical metabolism, phenolics and antioxidant capacity during germination of different wheat varieties. Food Chem X 2024; 22:101429. [PMID: 38756466 PMCID: PMC11096995 DOI: 10.1016/j.fochx.2024.101429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2023] [Revised: 04/26/2024] [Accepted: 04/28/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Changes in physio-biochemical metabolism, phenolics and antioxidant capacity during germination were studied in eight different wheat varieties. Results showed that germination enhanced sprout growth, and caused oxidative damage, but enhanced phenolics accumulation. Ferulic acid and p-coumaric acid were the main phenolic acids in wheat sprouts, and dihydroquercetin, quercetin and vitexin were the main flavonoids. The phenolic acid content of Jimai 44 was the highest on the 2th and 4th day of germination, and that of Bainong 307 was the highest on the 6th day. The flavonoid content of Hei jingang was the highest during whole germination. The enzymes activities of phenylalanine ammonia lyase (PAL), cinnamic acid 4-hydroxylase (C4H) and 4-coumarate coenzyme A ligase (4CL) were up-regulated. The activities of catalase, polyphenol oxidase and peroxidase were also activated. Antioxidant capacity of wheat sprouts was enhanced. The results provided new ideas for the production of naturally sourced phenolic rich foods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenxin Li
- College of Food Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, Henan Engineering Technology Research Center of Food Processing and Circulation Safety Control, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Xiaoyong Liu
- College of Food Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, Henan Engineering Technology Research Center of Food Processing and Circulation Safety Control, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Yan Ma
- College of Food Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, Henan Engineering Technology Research Center of Food Processing and Circulation Safety Control, Zhengzhou 450002, China
- Henan Shuanghui Investment Development Co., Ltd./Henan Intelligent Meat Segmentation and Biotransformation Engineering Research Center, Luohe 462005, China
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/National Risk Assessment Laboratory of Agro-products Processing Quality and Safety, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Xianqing Huang
- College of Food Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, Henan Engineering Technology Research Center of Food Processing and Circulation Safety Control, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Dan Hai
- College of Food Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, Henan Engineering Technology Research Center of Food Processing and Circulation Safety Control, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Yongxia Cheng
- College of Food Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, Henan Engineering Technology Research Center of Food Processing and Circulation Safety Control, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Ge Bai
- College of Food Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, Henan Engineering Technology Research Center of Food Processing and Circulation Safety Control, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Yinping Wang
- College of Food Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, Henan Engineering Technology Research Center of Food Processing and Circulation Safety Control, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Bei Zhang
- College of Food Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, Henan Engineering Technology Research Center of Food Processing and Circulation Safety Control, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Mingwu Qiao
- College of Food Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, Henan Engineering Technology Research Center of Food Processing and Circulation Safety Control, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Lianjun Song
- College of Food Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, Henan Engineering Technology Research Center of Food Processing and Circulation Safety Control, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Ning Li
- College of Food Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, Henan Engineering Technology Research Center of Food Processing and Circulation Safety Control, Zhengzhou 450002, China
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Saleem A, Roldán-Ruiz I, Aper J, Muylle H. Genetic control of tolerance to drought stress in soybean. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2022; 22:615. [PMID: 36575367 PMCID: PMC9795773 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-022-03996-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Drought stress limits the production of soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.], which is the most grown high-value legume crop worldwide. Breeding for drought tolerance is a difficult endeavor and understanding the genetic basis of drought tolerance in soybean is therefore crucial for harnessing the genomic regions involved in the tolerance mechanisms. A genome-wide association study (GWAS) analysis was applied in a soybean germplasm collection (the EUCLEG collection) of 359 accessions relevant for breeding in Europe, to identify genomic regions and candidate genes involved in the response to short duration and long duration drought stress (SDS and LDS respectively) in soybean. RESULTS The phenotypic response to drought was stronger in the long duration drought (LDS) than in the short duration drought (SDS) experiment. Over the four traits considered (canopy wilting, leaf senescence, maximum absolute growth rate and maximum plant height) the variation was in the range of 8.4-25.2% in the SDS, and 14.7-29.7% in the LDS experiments. The GWAS analysis identified a total of 17 and 22 significant marker-trait associations for four traits in the SDS and LDS experiments, respectively. In the genomic regions delimited by these markers we identified a total of 12 and 16 genes with putative functions that are of particular relevance for drought stress responses including stomatal movement, root formation, photosynthesis, ABA signaling, cellular protection and cellular repair mechanisms. Some of these genomic regions co-localized with previously known QTLs for drought tolerance traits including water use efficiency, chlorophyll content and photosynthesis. CONCLUSION Our results indicate that the mechanism of slow wilting in the SDS might be associated with the characteristics of the root system, whereas in the LDS, slow wilting could be due to low stomatal conductance and transpiration rates enabling a high WUE. Drought-induced leaf senescence was found to be associated to ABA and ROS responses. The QTLs related to WUE contributed to growth rate and canopy height maintenance under drought stress. Co-localization of several previously known QTLs for multiple agronomic traits with the SNPs identified in this study, highlights the importance of the identified genomic regions for the improvement of agronomic performance in addition to drought tolerance in the EUCLEG collection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aamir Saleem
- Flanders Research Institute for Agriculture, Fisheries and Food (ILVO), Plant Sciences Unit, Caritasstraat 39, 9090, Melle, Belgium
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Technologiepark 927, 9052, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Isabel Roldán-Ruiz
- Flanders Research Institute for Agriculture, Fisheries and Food (ILVO), Plant Sciences Unit, Caritasstraat 39, 9090, Melle, Belgium
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Technologiepark 927, 9052, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Jonas Aper
- Protealis, Technologiepark-Zwijnaarde, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Hilde Muylle
- Flanders Research Institute for Agriculture, Fisheries and Food (ILVO), Plant Sciences Unit, Caritasstraat 39, 9090, Melle, Belgium.
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Song S, Qu Z, Zhou X, Wang X, Dong S. Effects of Weak and Strong Drought Conditions on Physiological Stability of Flowering Soybean. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 11:2708. [PMID: 36297732 PMCID: PMC9607976 DOI: 10.3390/plants11202708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2022] [Revised: 10/06/2022] [Accepted: 10/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Soybean is an important food crop in the world. Drought can seriously affect the yield and quality of soybean; however, studies on extreme drought-weak and strong-are absent. In this study, drought-tolerant soybean Heinong 44 (HN44) and sensitive soybean Heinong 65 (HN65) were used as the test varieties, and the effects of strong and weak droughts on the physiological stability of soybean were explored through the drought treatment of soybean at the early flowering stage. The results showed that the contents of malondialdehyde (MDA), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), and superoxide anions (O2·-) increased with the increase in the degree of drought. The plant height and relative water content decreased, and photosynthesis was inhibited. The activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD), and catalase (CAT), and the total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC) showed a trend of first increasing and then decreasing. Through contribution analysis, CAT changed the most, and the role of SOD gradually increased with the aggravation of drought. With the aggravation of drought, the contents of soluble sugar (SSC) and proline (Pro) increased gradually, and the content of soluble protein (SP) increased initially and then decreased. According to contribution analysis, SSC had the highest contribution to osmotic adjustment. SSC and Pro showed an upward trend with the aggravation of drought, indicating that their role in drought was gradually enhanced.
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Artificial Intelligence Assisted Ultrasonic Extraction of Total Flavonoids from Rosa sterilis. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26133835. [PMID: 34201870 PMCID: PMC8270336 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26133835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2021] [Revised: 06/17/2021] [Accepted: 06/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Flavonoids in Rosa sterilis were studied. The flavonoids in Rosa sterilis were extracted by ultrasonic method, and the extraction conditions were modeled and optimized by response the surface methodology and the artificial intelligence method. The results show that the ultrasonic method can effectively extract total flavonoids, and the extraction rate is close to the prediction value of ANN-GA algorithm, which proves the rationality of the model. The order of the effects of the parameters on the experiment was material liquid ratio > extraction power > extraction time > ethanol concentration. In addition, the scavenging effects of flavonoids on DPPH, O2−· and ·OH were also determined, and these indicated that flavonoids have strong antioxidant activities. The kinetics of the extraction process was studied by using the data of the extraction process, and it was found that the extraction process conformed to Fick’s first law.
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