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Han Y, Katayama S, Futakuchi M, Nakamichi K, Wakabayashi Y, Sakamoto M, Nakayama J, Semba K. Targeting c-Jun Is a Potential Therapy for Luminal Breast Cancer Bone Metastasis. Mol Cancer Res 2023; 21:908-921. [PMID: 37310848 DOI: 10.1158/1541-7786.mcr-22-0695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Revised: 01/30/2023] [Accepted: 06/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Luminal breast cancer has the highest bone metastasis frequency among all breast cancer subtypes; however, its metastatic mechanism has not been elucidated because of a lack of appropriate models. We have previously developed useful bone metastatic cell lines of luminal breast cancer using MCF7 cells. In this study, we characterized bone metastatic MCF7-BM cell lines and identified c-Jun as a novel bone metastasis marker of luminal breast cancer. The protein level of c-Jun was upregulated in MCF7-BM cells compared with that in parental cells, and its deficiency resulted in the suppression of tumor cell migration, transformation, and reduced osteolytic ability. In vivo, dominant-negative c-Jun exhibited smaller bone metastatic lesions and a lower metastatic frequency. Histologic analysis revealed that c-Jun expression was heterogeneous in bone metastatic lesions, whereas c-Jun overexpression mediated a vicious cycle between MCF7-BM cells and osteoclasts by enhancing calcium-induced migration and releasing the osteoclast activator BMP5. Pharmacological inhibition of c-Jun by the Jun amino-terminal kinase (JNK) inhibitor JNK-IN-8 effectively suppressed tumorigenesis and bone metastasis in MCF7-BM cells. Furthermore, c-Jun downstream signals were specifically correlated with the clinical prognosis of patients with the luminal subtype of breast cancer. Our results illustrate the potential benefits of a therapy that targets c-Jun to prevent bone metastasis in luminal breast cancer. IMPLICATIONS c-Jun expression mediates bone metastasis in luminal breast cancer by forming a vicious cycle in the bone microenvironment, which reveals potential strategies for subtype-specific bone metastasis therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxuan Han
- Department of Life Science and Medical Bioscience, School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Waseda University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shota Katayama
- Department of Life Science and Medical Bioscience, School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Waseda University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mitsuru Futakuchi
- Department of Pathological Diagnostics, Yamagata University, Yamagata, Japan
| | - Kazuya Nakamichi
- Department of Life Science and Medical Bioscience, School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Waseda University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yutaro Wakabayashi
- Department of Life Science and Medical Bioscience, School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Waseda University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mai Sakamoto
- Department of Life Science and Medical Bioscience, School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Waseda University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Jun Nakayama
- Department of Life Science and Medical Bioscience, School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Waseda University, Tokyo, Japan
- Laboratory of Integrative Oncology, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kentaro Semba
- Department of Life Science and Medical Bioscience, School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Waseda University, Tokyo, Japan
- Translational Research Center, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan
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Xie MH, Fu ZL, Hua AL, Zhou JF, Chen Q, Li JB, Yao S, Cai XJ, Ge M, Zhou L, Wu J. A new core–shell-type nanoparticle loaded with paclitaxel/norcantharidin and modified with APRPG enhances anti-tumor effects in hepatocellular carcinoma. Front Oncol 2022; 12:932156. [PMID: 36185205 PMCID: PMC9515951 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.932156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Nanoparticle delivery systems have been shown to improve the therapeutic efficacy of anti-cancer drugs, including a variety of drugs for the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). However, the current systems show some limitations, and the delivery of more effective nanoparticle systems for anti-HCC drugs with better targeting ability are needed. Here, we created paclitaxel (PTX)/norcantharidin (NCTD)-loaded core–shell lipid nanoparticles modified with a tumor neovasculature-targeted peptide (Ala-Pro-Arg-Pro-Gly, APRPG) and investigated their anti-tumor effects in HCC. Core–shell-type lipid nanoparticles (PTX/NCTD-APRPG-NPs) were established by combining poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA)-wrapped PTX with phospholipid-wrapped NCTD, followed by modification with APRPG. For comparison, PTX-loaded PLGA nanoparticles (PTX-NPs) and PTX/NCTD-loaded core–shell-type nanoparticles without APRPG (PTX/NCTD-NPs) were prepared. The in vitro and in vivo anti-tumor effects were examined in HepG2 cells and tumor-bearing mice, respectively. Morphological and release characterization showed that PTX/NCTD-APRPG-NPs were prepared successfully and achieved up to 90% release of PTX in a sustained manner. Compared with PTX/NCTD-NPs, PTX/NCTD-APRPG-NPs significantly enhanced the uptake of PTX. Notably, the inhibition of proliferation and migration of hepatoma cells was significantly higher in the PTX/NCTD-APRPG-NP group than those in the PTX-NP and PTX/NCTD-NP groups, which reflected significantly greater anti-tumor properties as well. Furthermore, key molecules in cell proliferation and apoptosis signaling pathways were altered most in the PTX/NCTD-APRPG-NP group, compared with the PTX-NP and PTX/NCTD-NP groups. Collectively, PTX/NCTD-loaded core–shell lipid nanoparticles modified with APRPG enhance the effectiveness of anti-HCC drugs and may be an effective system for the delivery of anti-HCC drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Hua Xie
- Department of Pharmacy, First People’s Hospital of Linping District, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zai-Lin Fu
- Department of Pharmacy, First People’s Hospital of Linping District, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ai-Lian Hua
- Department of Pharmacy, First People’s Hospital of Linping District, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ji-Fang Zhou
- Department of Pharmacy, First People’s Hospital of Linping District, Hangzhou, China
| | - Qian Chen
- Department of Pharmacy, First People’s Hospital of Linping District, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jian-Bo Li
- Department of Pharmacy, First People’s Hospital of Linping District, Hangzhou, China
| | - Shen Yao
- Department of Pharmacy, First People’s Hospital of Linping District, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xin-Jun Cai
- Department of Pharmacy, Zhejiang Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine Hospital, Hangzhou, China
| | - Min Ge
- Department of Pharmacy, First People’s Hospital of Linping District, Hangzhou, China
| | - Li Zhou
- Department of Oncology, First People’s Hospital of Linping District, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jia Wu
- Department of Pharmacy, First People’s Hospital of Linping District, Hangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Jia Wu,
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Guanidine–Curcumin Complex-Loaded Amine-Functionalised Hollow Mesoporous Silica Nanoparticles for Breast Cancer Therapy. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14143490. [PMID: 35884549 PMCID: PMC9323383 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14143490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2022] [Revised: 07/11/2022] [Accepted: 07/13/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The current study focuses on developing a tumour-targeted functionalised nanocarrier that wraps hollow mesoporous silica nanoparticles. The guanidine carbonate and curcumin are immobilised on the surface of 3-aminopropyl-triethoxy silane (APTES)-decorated hollow mesoporous silica nanoparticles (HMSNP), as confirmed through XPS and NMR analysis. XPS analysis demonstrates that the shape of the hysteresis loops is modified and that pore volume and pore diameter are consequently decreased compared to control. Guanidine (85%) and guanidine–curcumin complex (90%) were successfully encapsulated in HMSNAP and showed a 90% effective and sustained release at pH 7.4 for up to 72 h. Acridine orange/ethidium bromide dual staining determined that GuC-HMNSAP induced more late apoptosis and necrosis at 48 and 72 h compared with Gu-HMNSAP-treated cells. Molecular investigation of guanidine-mediated apoptosis was analysed using western blotting. It was found that cleaved caspases, c-PARP, and GSK-3β (Ser9) had increased activity in MCF-7 cells. GuC-HMSNAP increased the activity of phosphorylation of oncogenic proteins such as Akt (Ser473), c-Raf (Ser249), PDK1 (Ser241), PTEN (Ser380), and GSK-3β (Ser9), thus inducing cell death in MCF-7 cells. Altogether, our findings confirm that GuC-HMNSAP induces cell death by precisely associating with tumour-suppressing proteins, which may lead to new therapeutic approaches for breast cancer therapy.
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Marine-Derived Stichloroside C2 Inhibits Epithelial–Mesenchymal Transition and Induces Apoptosis through the Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Signalling Pathway in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer Cells. JOURNAL OF ONCOLOGY 2022; 2022:6449984. [PMID: 35607324 PMCID: PMC9124082 DOI: 10.1155/2022/6449984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2022] [Accepted: 04/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Background Triterpenoid saponins from sea cucumbers exhibit significant antitumour, antifungal, and antibacterial activities. However, the associated molecular mechanisms have yet to be elucidated. In this study, we screened and explored the antitumour activity and underlying mechanisms of triterpenoid saponins isolated from Thelenota ananas. Methods We isolated and purified sea cucumber saponins, determined their chemical structures, and confirmed their function in vitro. We also screened and explored the antitumour activity and underlying mechanisms of triterpenoid saponins isolated from Thelenota ananas. Results Four saponins were discovered from sea cucumber Thelenota ananas collected from the South China Sea. We found that stichloroside C2 (STC2) inhibited the proliferation and clonogenesis of the human triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) cell line MDA-MB-231 and mouse TNBC cell line 4 T1 in a dose-dependent manner and induced apoptosis and cycle arrest in these two TNBC cell lines. STC2 induced DNA damage in two TNBC cell lines and significantly increased the protein expression level of the DNA double-strand break marker γ-H2AX. STC2 downregulated the protein expression levels of phosphorylated cyclin-dependent kinase 1 (CDK1), cyclin B1, CDK2, and cyclin A2 in MDA-MB-231 and 4 T1 cells. STC2 upregulated Bax and cleaved PARP protein expression in two types of breast cancer cells. In addition, STC2 promoted E-cadherin expression; inhibited vimentin expression; upregulated the phosphorylation levels of the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signalling pathway-related proteins p38, JNK, and ERK1/2; and downregulated Akt phosphorylation. Conclusions STC2 exerts anti-TNBC activity, inhibits epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT), and induces apoptosis by regulating the cell cycle, EMT-related proteins, and MAPK signalling pathway.
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Guo Q, Pei XH, Chu AJ, Guo YB, Fan YY, Wang CH, Zhang SJ, Sun SQ, Liu YF, Wang X. The mechanism of action of Fangji Huangqi Decoction on epithelial-mesenchymal transition in breast cancer using high-throughput next-generation sequencing and network pharmacology. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2022; 284:114793. [PMID: 34728317 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2021.114793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2021] [Revised: 10/27/2021] [Accepted: 10/28/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Fangji Huangqi Decoction (FHD) is widely used in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM). FHD has been hypothesized to inhibit the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) process, which may positively impact breast cancer prevention and treatment. However, its exact mechanism of action is still unknown. AIM OF THE STUDY This study aimed to screen potential targets of FHD for the treatment of EMT in breast cancer through network pharmacology, and to verify their therapeutic effects in vitro experiments and high-throughput second-generation sequencing. MATERIALS AND METHODS The data sets of effective components and targets of FHD were established through the Traditional Chinese Medicine Systems Pharmacology database. The GeneCards and OMIM databases were used to establish breast cancer-related target datasets, which were then matched with the TCM target data. The interaction between key target proteins was analyzed using the STRING database; the gene ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) databases were used to identify the associated biological processes and enriched signal pathways, respectively. The active ingredient disease target network was analyzed using Cytoscape. Finally, next generation sequencing was used to verify the related pathways of FHD intervention in EMT in breast cancer. High-content screening was used to identify the genes/pathways affected by FHD. MDA-MB-231 and HCC-1937 breast cancer cell lines were used to evaluate the impact of FHD on migration, invasion, and EMT. RESULTS Eighty possible significant targets were identified for the treatment of breast cancer EMT with FHD; GO and KEGG were used to identify 173 cell biological processes associated with breast cancer (P < 0.05), including the NF-κB and PI3K-Akt signaling pathways. The high-throughput sequencing and network pharmacology results were highly consistent. The migration and invasion ability of MDA-MB-231 cells was reduced and their EMT status could be reversed by DSHR2 knockdown. The results of morphology and scratch assays showed that FHD could improve the EMT status of HCC-1973. CONCLUSIONS This study provides more evidence to support the clinical application of FHD, which has reliable interventional effects on breast cancer EMT. Its therapeutic effects may involve a multi-target, multi-pathway, and multi-mechanism effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Guo
- Beijing University of Chinese Medicine Third Affiliated Hospital, Beijing, 100029, China.
| | - Xiao-Hua Pei
- Beijing University of Chinese Medicine Eighth Affiliated Hospital, Xiamen, 361001, China.
| | - Ai-Jing Chu
- Beijing University of Chinese Medicine Third Affiliated Hospital, Beijing, 100029, China.
| | - Yu-Bo Guo
- Beijing Municipal Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100010, China.
| | - Ying-Yi Fan
- Beijing University of Chinese Medicine Third Affiliated Hospital, Beijing, 100029, China.
| | - Chun-Hui Wang
- Fangshan Hospital Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 102488, China.
| | - Shu-Jing Zhang
- Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, China.
| | - Shi-Qing Sun
- Henan Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, 450000, China.
| | - Yu-Fei Liu
- Beijing University of Chinese Medicine Third Affiliated Hospital, Beijing, 100029, China.
| | - Xuan Wang
- Beijing University of Chinese Medicine Third Affiliated Hospital, Beijing, 100029, China
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