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Elnour AA, Abdurahman NH. Current and potential future biological uses of Saussurea costus (Falc.) Lipsch: A comprehensive review. Heliyon 2024; 10:e37790. [PMID: 39323795 PMCID: PMC11422592 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e37790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2024] [Revised: 08/13/2024] [Accepted: 09/10/2024] [Indexed: 09/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Saussurea costus (S. costus) is a critically endangered medicinal plant that has been extensively studied for its chemical composition, significance, and therapeutic potential as traditional phytomedicine. This comprehensive review aims to provide a thorough understanding of S. costus, including its biological activities, chemical makeup, and potential therapeutic uses in biotechnology. Objectives This study investigated the pharmacological properties of S. costus, including its antimicrobial, antioxidant, and antifungal properties, and its usefulness in treating conditions such as thyroid disorders and liver injury. This study also aimed to assess and improve the techniques used to extract bioactive compounds and to develop effective methods for harvesting these compounds from medicinal plants. Methods This review analyzed the available literature on the phytochemical makeup and bioactivity of S. costus extract using techniques such as molecular docking against SARS-CoV-2 protease, green extraction methods, and phytochemical analysis. Results This review revealed that S. costus possesses various pharmacological properties, including antimicrobial, antiviral, anti-inflammatory, and anticancer activities. It is effective in combating fungal infections, reducing inflammation, treating cancer, and inhibiting viral replication, and has the potential to control Candida species. Moreover, S. costus has been explored for its capacity to synthesize nanoparticles with antimicrobial properties and for its potential in treating thyroid disorders and liver injury. Recommendations Despite promising results, additional research is necessary to fully comprehend the benefits of S. costus and validate its effectiveness in clinical settings. Future research should focus on standardized methodologies and rigorous clinical trials to confirm the safety and effectiveness of S. costus in various medical fields as well as further investigate its biotechnological and pharmaceutical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed A.M. Elnour
- Faculty of Chemical and Process Engineering Technology, Universiti Malaysia Pahang Al-Sultan Abdullah (UMPSA), Malaysia
- Centre of Excellence for Advanced Research in Fluid Flow (CARIFF), University Malaysia, Pahang, Gambang, Malaysia
| | - Nour Hamid Abdurahman
- Faculty of Chemical and Process Engineering Technology, Universiti Malaysia Pahang Al-Sultan Abdullah (UMPSA), Malaysia
- Centre of Excellence for Advanced Research in Fluid Flow (CARIFF), University Malaysia, Pahang, Gambang, Malaysia
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Zheng H, Wu X, Guo L, Liu J. MyD88 signaling pathways: role in breast cancer. Front Oncol 2024; 14:1336696. [PMID: 38347830 PMCID: PMC10859757 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2024.1336696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 02/15/2024] Open
Abstract
MyD88 plays a central role in breast cancer, exerting a multitude of effects that carry substantial implications. Elevated MyD88 expression is closely associated with aggressive tumor characteristics, suggesting its potential as a valuable prognostic marker and therapeutic target. MyD88 exerts influence over several critical aspects of breast cancer, including metastasis, recurrence, drug resistance, and the regulation of cancer stem cell properties. Furthermore, MyD88 modulates the release of inflammatory and chemotactic factors, thereby shaping the tumor's immune microenvironment. Its role in immune response modulation underscores its potential in influencing the dynamic interplay between tumors and the immune system. MyD88 primarily exerts intricate effects on tumor progression through pathways such as Phosphoinositide 3-kinases/Protein kinase B (PI3K/Akt), Toll-like Receptor/Nuclear Factor Kappa B (TLR/NF-κB), and others. Nevertheless, in-depth research is essential to unveil the precise mechanisms underlying the diverse roles of MyD88 in breast cancer. The translation of these findings into clinical applications holds great promise for advancing precision medicine approaches for breast cancer patients, ultimately enhancing prognosis and enabling the development of more effective therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongmei Zheng
- Department of Breast Surgery, Hubei Cancer Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Hubei Provincial Clinical Research Center for Breast Cancer, Wuhan Clinical Research Center for Breast Cancer, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Xinhong Wu
- Department of Breast Surgery, Hubei Cancer Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Hubei Provincial Clinical Research Center for Breast Cancer, Wuhan Clinical Research Center for Breast Cancer, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Liantao Guo
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Jianhua Liu
- Department of Breast Surgery, Hubei Cancer Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Hubei Provincial Clinical Research Center for Breast Cancer, Wuhan Clinical Research Center for Breast Cancer, Wuhan, Hubei, China
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Tripathi T, Yadav J, Janjua D, Chaudhary A, Joshi U, Senrung A, Chhokar A, Aggarwal N, Bharti AC. Targeting Cervical Cancer Stem Cells by Phytochemicals. Curr Med Chem 2024; 31:5222-5254. [PMID: 38288813 DOI: 10.2174/0109298673281823231222065616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2023] [Revised: 11/25/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 09/06/2024]
Abstract
Cervical cancer (CaCx) poses a significant global health challenge, ranking as the fourth most common cancer among women worldwide. Despite the emergence of advanced treatment strategies, recurrence remains a bottleneck in favorable treatment outcomes and contributes to poor prognosis. The chemo- or radio-therapy resistance coupled with frequent relapse of more aggressive tumors are some key components that contribute to CaCx-related mortality. The onset of therapy resistance and relapse are attributed to a small subset of, slow-proliferating Cancer Stem Cells (CSC). These CSCs possess the properties of tumorigenesis, self-renewal, and multi-lineage differentiation potential. Because of slow cycling, these cells maintain themselves in a semi-quiescent stage and protect themselves from different anti-proliferative anti-cancer drugs. Keeping in view recent advances in their phenotypic and functional characterization, the feasibility of targeting CSC and associated stem cell signaling bears a strong translational value. The presence of CSC has been reported in CaCx (CCSC) which remains a forefront area of research. However, we have yet to identify clinically useful leads that can target CCSC. There is compelling evidence that phytochemicals, because of their advantages over synthetic anticancer drugs, could emerge as potential therapeutic leads to target these CCSCs. The present article examined the potential of phytochemicals with reported anti-CSC properties and evaluated their future in preclinical and clinical applications against CaCx.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanya Tripathi
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, University of Delhi (North Campus), Delhi, 110007, India
| | - Joni Yadav
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, University of Delhi (North Campus), Delhi, 110007, India
| | - Divya Janjua
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, University of Delhi (North Campus), Delhi, 110007, India
| | - Apoorva Chaudhary
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, University of Delhi (North Campus), Delhi, 110007, India
| | - Udit Joshi
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, University of Delhi (North Campus), Delhi, 110007, India
| | - Anna Senrung
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, University of Delhi (North Campus), Delhi, 110007, India
- Neuropharmacology and Drug Delivery Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Daulat Ram College, University of Delhi (North Campus), Delhi, 110007, India
| | - Arun Chhokar
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, University of Delhi (North Campus), Delhi, 110007, India
- Deshbandhu College, University of Delhi, New Delhi, 110019, India
| | - Nikita Aggarwal
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, University of Delhi (North Campus), Delhi, 110007, India
| | - Alok Chandra Bharti
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, University of Delhi (North Campus), Delhi, 110007, India
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Song JH, Mun SH, Yang H, Kwon YS, Kim SR, Song MY, Ham Y, Choi HJ, Baek WJ, Cho S, Ko HJ. Antiviral Mechanisms of Saucerneol from Saururus chinensis against Enterovirus A71, Coxsackievirus A16, and Coxsackievirus B3: Role of Mitochondrial ROS and the STING/TKB-1/IRF3 Pathway. Viruses 2023; 16:16. [PMID: 38275951 PMCID: PMC10821076 DOI: 10.3390/v16010016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2023] [Revised: 12/16/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Enterovirus A71 (EV71), coxsackievirus A16 (CVA16), and coxsackievirus B3 (CVB3) are pathogenic members of the Picornaviridae family that cause a range of diseases, including severe central nervous system complications, myocarditis, and pancreatitis. Despite the considerable public health impact of these viruses, no approved antiviral treatments are currently available. In the present study, we confirmed the potential of saucerneol, a compound derived from Saururus chinensis, as an antiviral agent against EV71, CVA16, and CVB3. In the in vivo model, saucerneol effectively suppressed CVB3 replication in the pancreas and alleviated virus-induced pancreatitis. The antiviral activity of saucerneol is associated with increased mitochondrial ROS (mROS) production. In vitro inhibition of mROS generation diminishes the antiviral efficacy of saucerneol. Moreover, saucerneol treatment enhanced the phosphorylation of STING, TBK-1, and IRF3 in EV71- and CVA16-infected cells, indicating that its antiviral effects were mediated through the STING/TBK-1/IRF3 antiviral pathway, which was activated by increased mROS production. Saucerneol is a promising natural antiviral agent against EV71, CVA16, and CVB3 and has potential against virus-induced pancreatitis and myocarditis. Further studies are required to assess its safety and efficacy, which is essential for the development of effective antiviral strategies against these viruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae-Hyoung Song
- Department of Pharmacy, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Republic of Korea; (J.-H.S.); (S.-H.M.); (H.Y.); (M.-y.S.)
- Kangwon Institute of Inclusive Technology, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Seo-Hyeon Mun
- Department of Pharmacy, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Republic of Korea; (J.-H.S.); (S.-H.M.); (H.Y.); (M.-y.S.)
| | - Heejung Yang
- Department of Pharmacy, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Republic of Korea; (J.-H.S.); (S.-H.M.); (H.Y.); (M.-y.S.)
| | - Yong Soo Kwon
- Department of Pharmacy, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Republic of Korea; (J.-H.S.); (S.-H.M.); (H.Y.); (M.-y.S.)
| | - Seong-Ryeol Kim
- Division of Acute Viral Diseases, Centers for Emerging Virus Research, National Institute of Health, Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency, Cheongju 28159, Republic of Korea;
| | - Min-young Song
- Department of Pharmacy, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Republic of Korea; (J.-H.S.); (S.-H.M.); (H.Y.); (M.-y.S.)
| | - Youngwook Ham
- Nucleic Acid Therapeutics Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Cheongju 28116, Republic of Korea;
- Department of Biomolecular Science, KRIBB School of Bioscience, Korea University of Science and Technology (KUST), Daejeon 34113, Republic of Korea
| | - Hwa-Jung Choi
- Department of Beauty Art, Youngsan University, 142 Bansong Beltway, Busan 48015, Republic of Korea; (H.-J.C.); (W.-J.B.)
| | - Won-Jin Baek
- Department of Beauty Art, Youngsan University, 142 Bansong Beltway, Busan 48015, Republic of Korea; (H.-J.C.); (W.-J.B.)
| | - Sungchan Cho
- Nucleic Acid Therapeutics Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Cheongju 28116, Republic of Korea;
- Department of Biomolecular Science, KRIBB School of Bioscience, Korea University of Science and Technology (KUST), Daejeon 34113, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun-Jeong Ko
- Department of Pharmacy, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Republic of Korea; (J.-H.S.); (S.-H.M.); (H.Y.); (M.-y.S.)
- Kangwon Institute of Inclusive Technology, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Republic of Korea
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Ordaz-Ramos A, Tellez-Jimenez O, Vazquez-Santillan K. Signaling pathways governing the maintenance of breast cancer stem cells and their therapeutic implications. Front Cell Dev Biol 2023; 11:1221175. [PMID: 37492224 PMCID: PMC10363614 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2023.1221175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2023] [Accepted: 06/28/2023] [Indexed: 07/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer stem cells (BCSCs) represent a distinct subpopulation of cells with the ability to self-renewal and differentiate into phenotypically diverse tumor cells. The involvement of CSC in treatment resistance and cancer recurrence has been well established. Numerous studies have provided compelling evidence that the self-renewal ability of cancer stem cells is tightly regulated by specific signaling pathways, which exert critical roles to maintain an undifferentiated phenotype and prevent the differentiation of CSCs. Signaling pathways such as Wnt/β-catenin, NF-κB, Notch, Hedgehog, TGF-β, and Hippo have been implicated in the promotion of self-renewal of many normal and cancer stem cells. Given the pivotal role of BCSCs in driving breast cancer aggressiveness, targeting self-renewal signaling pathways holds promise as a viable therapeutic strategy for combating this disease. In this review, we will discuss the main signaling pathways involved in the maintenance of the self-renewal ability of BCSC, while also highlighting current strategies employed to disrupt the signaling molecules associated with stemness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandro Ordaz-Ramos
- Innovation in Precision Medicine Laboratory, Instituto Nacional de Medicina Genómica, Mexico City, México
- Posgrado en Ciencias Biológicas, Unidad de Posgrado, Circuito de Posgrados, Ciudad Universitaria, Coyoacán, México
| | - Olivia Tellez-Jimenez
- Innovation in Precision Medicine Laboratory, Instituto Nacional de Medicina Genómica, Mexico City, México
- Posgrado en Ciencias Biológicas, Unidad de Posgrado, Circuito de Posgrados, Ciudad Universitaria, Coyoacán, México
| | - Karla Vazquez-Santillan
- Innovation in Precision Medicine Laboratory, Instituto Nacional de Medicina Genómica, Mexico City, México
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Machilin D Promotes Apoptosis and Autophagy, and Inhibits Necroptosis in Human Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24054576. [PMID: 36902006 PMCID: PMC10002565 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24054576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2022] [Revised: 02/13/2023] [Accepted: 02/24/2023] [Indexed: 03/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) accounts for about 90% of all head and neck cancers, the prognosis is very poor, and there are no effective targeted therapies. Herein, we isolated Machilin D (Mach), a lignin, from the roots of Saururus chinensis (S. chinensis) and assessed its inhibitory effects on OSCC. Herein, Mach had significant cytotoxicity against human OSCC cells and showed inhibitory effects against cell adhesion, migration, and invasion by inhibiting adhesion molecules, including the FAK/Src pathway. Mach suppressed the PI3K/AKT/mTOR/p70S6K pathway and MAPKs, leading to apoptotic cell death. We investigated other modes of programmed cell death in these cells and found that Mach increased LC3I/II and Beclin1 and decreased p62, leading to autophagosomes, and suppressed the necroptosis-regulatory proteins RIP1 and MLKL. Our findings provide evidence that the inhibitory effects of Mach against human YD-10B OSCC cells are related to the promotion of apoptosis and autophagy and inhibition of necroptosis and are mediated via focal adhesion molecules.
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Ali DA, Mehanna MM. Role of lignin-based nanoparticles in anticancer drug delivery and bioimaging: An up-to-date review. Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 221:934-953. [PMID: 36089088 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2022] [Revised: 08/22/2022] [Accepted: 09/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Lignin, an aromatic biopolymer, is the second most abundant naturally occurring one after cellulose that has drawn a great deal of interest over the years for its potential uses owing to the presence of high content of phenolic compounds, ecofriendly feature and cost-efficiency in comparison to the synthetic polymers. Nevertheless, with the intention of advancing its development, several efforts have been performed in the direction of utilizing lignin on the nanoscale due to its inimitable properties. The notable absorption capacity, fluorescence emission, biodegradability and non-toxicity of lignin nanoparticles permit its appropriateness as a vehicle for drugs and as a bioimaging material. Moreover, lignin nanoparticles have shown plausible therapeutic effects, such as anticancer, antimicrobial, and antioxidant. The current review sheds light on the recent development in the formulation and anticancer applications of lignin nanoparticles as a drug carrier and as a diagnostic tool. The surface properties of the nanomaterial affect the end product characteristics, hence, factors namely; lignin source, isolation technique, purification and quantitation methods, are discussed in this review. This study represents original work that has not been published elsewhere and that has not been submitted simultaneously for publication elsewhere. The manuscript has been read, revised, and approved by the authors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dana A Ali
- Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology Research Lab, Faculty of Pharmacy, Beirut Arab University, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Mohammed M Mehanna
- Department of Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt.
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Dihydroconiferyl Ferulate Isolated from Dendropanax morbiferus H.Lév. Suppresses Stemness of Breast Cancer Cells via Nuclear EGFR/c-Myc Signaling. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2022; 15:ph15060664. [PMID: 35745583 PMCID: PMC9231027 DOI: 10.3390/ph15060664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2022] [Revised: 05/15/2022] [Accepted: 05/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer is the leading cause of global cancer incidence and breast cancer stem cells (BCSCs) have been identified as the target to overcome breast cancer in patients. In this study, we purified a BCSC inhibitor from Dendropanax morbiferus H.Lév. leaves through several open column and high-performance liquid chromatography via activity-based purification. The purified cancer stem cell (CSC) inhibitor was identified as dihydroconiferyl ferulate using nuclear magnetic resonance and mass spectrometry. Dihydroconiferyl ferulate inhibited the proliferation and mammosphere formation of breast cancer cells and reduced the population of CD44high/CD24low cells. Dihydroconiferyl ferulate also induced apoptosis, inhibited the growth of mammospheres and reduced the level of total and nuclear EGFR protein. It suppressed the EGFR levels, the interaction of Stat3 with EGFR, and c-Myc protein levels. Our findings show that dihydroconiferyl ferulate reduced the level of nuclear epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and induced apoptosis of BCSCs through nEGFR/Stat3-dependent c-Myc deregulation. Dihydroconiferyl ferulate exhibits potential as an anti-CSC agent through nEGFR/Stat3/c-Myc signaling.
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Pylypchuk IV, Suo H, Chucheepchuenkamol C, Jedicke N, Lindén PA, Lindström ME, Manns MP, Sevastyanova O, Yevsa T. High-Molecular-Weight Fractions of Spruce and Eucalyptus Lignin as a Perspective Nanoparticle-Based Platform for a Therapy Delivery in Liver Cancer. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2022; 9:817768. [PMID: 35198551 PMCID: PMC8860172 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2021.817768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2021] [Accepted: 12/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The natural polymer, lignin, possesses unique biodegradable and biocompatible properties, making it highly attractive for the generation of nanoparticles for targeted cancer therapy. In this study, we investigated spruce and eucalyptus lignin nanoparticles (designated as S-and E-LNPs, respectively). Both LNP types were generated from high-molecular-weight (Mw) kraft lignin obtained as insoluble residues after a five-step solvent fractionation approach, which included ethyl acetate, ethanol, methanol, and acetone. The resulting S-and E-LNPs ranged in size from 16 to 60 nm with uniform spherical shape regardless of the type of lignin. The preparation of LNPs from an acetone-insoluble lignin fraction is attractive because of the use of high-Mw lignin that is otherwise not suitable for most polymeric applications, its potential scalability, and the consistent size of the LNPs, which was independent of increased lignin concentrations. Due to the potential of LNPs to serve as delivery platforms in liver cancer treatment, we tested, for the first time, the efficacy of newly generated E-LNPs and S-LNPs in two types of primary liver cancer, hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and cholangiocarcinoma (CCA), in vitro. Both S-LNPs and E-LNPs inhibited the proliferation of HCC cells in a dose-dependent manner and did not affect CCA cell line growth. The inhibitory effect toward HCC was more pronounced in the E-LNP-treated group and was comparable to the standard therapy, sorafenib. Also, E-LNPs induced late apoptosis and necroptosis while inhibiting the HCC cell line. This study demonstrated that an elevated number of carbohydrates on the surface of the LNPs, as shown by NMR, seem to play an important role in mediating the interaction between LNPs and eukaryotic cells. The latter effect was most pronounced in E-LNPs. The novel S- and E-LNPs generated in this work are promising materials for biomedicine with advantageous properties such as small particle size and tailored surface functionality, making them an attractive and potentially biodegradable delivery tool for combination therapy in liver cancer, which still has to be verified in vivo using HCC and CCA models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ievgen V Pylypchuk
- Division of Wood Chemistry and Pulp Technology, Department of Fiber and Polymer Technology, School of Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Huizhen Suo
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Endocrinology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Chanakarn Chucheepchuenkamol
- Division of Wood Chemistry and Pulp Technology, Department of Fiber and Polymer Technology, School of Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Science Service, Ministry of Higher Education, Science, Research and Innovation, Ratchathewi, Thailand
| | - Nils Jedicke
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Endocrinology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Pär A Lindén
- Wallenberg Wood Science Center, Department of Fiber and Polymer Technology, School of Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Mikael E Lindström
- Division of Wood Chemistry and Pulp Technology, Department of Fiber and Polymer Technology, School of Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden.,Wallenberg Wood Science Center, Department of Fiber and Polymer Technology, School of Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Michael P Manns
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Endocrinology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Olena Sevastyanova
- Division of Wood Chemistry and Pulp Technology, Department of Fiber and Polymer Technology, School of Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden.,Wallenberg Wood Science Center, Department of Fiber and Polymer Technology, School of Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Tetyana Yevsa
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Endocrinology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
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A Traditional Chinese Medicine for the Treatment of Endometrial Hyperplasia via Regulating the HPO Axis in Rats. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2022; 2022:5200608. [PMID: 35154346 PMCID: PMC8828340 DOI: 10.1155/2022/5200608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2021] [Revised: 12/15/2021] [Accepted: 01/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Dysfunctional uterine bleeding, accompanied by endometrial hyperplasia (EH), is a common gynecological disease that seriously affects female physical and mental health. Some drugs have been prompted to cure the disease, but most medications have certain side effects and limitations. In the present study, we demonstrated an unexploited Chinese traditional medicine, a combination of Saururus chinensis, Celosia cristata, and Spatholobus suberectus (SCS), which could be used for the treatment of EH and associated complications in rats. We identified the active components from the three Chinese herbs via thin-layer chromatography and high-performance liquid chromatography methods. In addition, serum biochemical indexes and histologic section results found that acute high-dose SCS exerted no adverse impacts on the rats. We then showed that SCS shortened coagulation time (p=0.018) and degree of swelling (p=0.021) on rats at 30 min compared to blank control. Further studies proved that recovered endometrial thickness was associated with the modulation of four hormones (follicle-stimulating hormone, luteinizing hormone, estrogen, and progesterone). Specifically, follicle-stimulating hormone and progesterone contents increased gradually with time, and estrogen was decreased, whereas luteinizing hormone content was returned to normal after a short-term elevation (p < 0.05). Besides, SCS increased uterine endometrium's mRNA expression levels of matrix metalloproteinase-1 (p < 0.001) and tissue inhibitor of matrix metalloproteinase-1 (p < 0.001), promoting the repair of proliferating endometrium in the rats. Collectively, our study indicates that SCS harbors a profoundly curative effect on the treatment of EH and relative complications and uncovers the mechanism at molecular and gene expression levels.
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Zhang J, Rho Y, Kim MY, Cho JY. TAK1 in the AP-1 pathway is a critical target of Saururus chinensis (Lour.) Baill in its anti-inflammatory action. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2021; 279:114400. [PMID: 34245837 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2021.114400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2021] [Revised: 06/30/2021] [Accepted: 07/06/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Saururus chinensis (Lour.) Baill (Saururaceae), also known as Asian lizard's tail, is a plant commonly found in East Asia. Its leaves have been used in traditional medicine to treat many diseases such as edema, pneumonia, hypertension, leproma, jaundice, gonorrhea, and rheumatoid arthritis. AIM OF THE STUDY Based on the efficacies of S. chinensis, the anti-inflammatory effects of this plant and the molecular mechanism were evaluated using the ethanol extract of S. chinensis leaves (Sc-EE). MATERIALS AND METHODS The production of pro-inflammatory mediators and cytokines in response to Sc-EE was evaluated using Griess and semi-quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reactions. Furthermore, relevant proteins including c-Jun, c-Fos, p38, JNK, ERK, MEK1/2, MKK3/6, MKK4/7, and TAK1 were detected through immunoblotting. RESULTS Sc-EE diminished production of nitric oxide (NO); decreased expression levels of cyclooxygenase (COX)-2, interleukin (IL)-6, inducible NO synthase (iNOS), and IL-1β in LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 cells; and attenuated activator protein 1 (AP-1)-mediated luciferase activities. The extract markedly downregulated the phosphorylation of TAK1, upregulated thermal stability of TAK1, and reduced TAK1/AP-1-mediated luciferase activity in LPS-treated RAW264.7 cells and TAK1-overexpressing HEK293T cells. CONCLUSIONS These results demonstrated that Sc-EE suppresses pro-inflammatory gene expression through blockade of the TAK1/AP-1 pathway in LPS-treated RAW264.7 macrophages, implying that inhibition of TAK1/AP-1 signaling by S. chinensis is a key event in its anti-inflammatory activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianmei Zhang
- Department of Integrative Biotechnology, Biomedical Institute for Convergence at SKKU (BICS), Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea.
| | - Yangkook Rho
- Development Center, Dadang and Bio Co., Suwon, 16679, Republic of Korea.
| | - Mi-Yeon Kim
- School of Systems Biomedical Science, Soongsil University, Seoul, 06978, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jae Youl Cho
- Department of Integrative Biotechnology, Biomedical Institute for Convergence at SKKU (BICS), Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea.
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Chen H, Luo Y, Liu J, Chen J, Chen Y, Li X. Comparative pharmacokinetic study of six lignans in normal and diabetic rats after oral administration of Saururus chinensis extract by LC-MS/MS. Biomed Chromatogr 2021; 36:e5253. [PMID: 34596250 DOI: 10.1002/bmc.5253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2021] [Revised: 09/13/2021] [Accepted: 09/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Saururus chinensis (SC) possesses significant anti-diabetic activity and lignans were its major bioactive compounds. In this study, a rapid and sensitive ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-MS/MS) method was established for simultaneous quantification of six lignans, namely (-)-(7R,8R)-machilin D (1), verrucesin (2), rel-(7S,8S,7'R,8'R)-3,3',4,4',5,5'-hexamethoxy-7.O.7',8.8'-lignan (3), manassantin A (4), manassantin B (5), and saucerneol F (6) in rat's plasma. It was validated with acceptable linearity (r ≥ 0.9922), accuracy (80.42-95.17%), precision (RSD ≤ 12.08%), and extraction recovery (80.36-93.45%). The method was successfully applied to the comparative pharmacokinetic study of the six lignans in normal and diabetic rats after oral administration of SC extract. Results showed that the areas under the plasma concentration-time curve (AUC0 → t and AUC0 → ∞ ) of (-)-(7R,8R)-machilin D, rel-(7S,8S,7'R,8'R)-3,3',4,4',5,5'-hexamethoxy-7.O.7',8.8'-lignan, manassantin B, and saucerneol F in diabetic rats were significantly increased, and the plasma clearance (CL) of (-)-(7R,8R)-machilin D in diabetic rats was significantly decreased. However, the AUC0 → t and AUC0 → ∞ of verrucesin were significantly decreased, and its CL was significantly increased in diabetic rats compared with those in normal rats. These results indicated that there were remarkable differences in the pharmacokinetic parameters between the normal and diabetic rats. The pharmacokinetic studies might be beneficial for the clinical use of SC as hypoglycemic agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongjiang Chen
- College of Chinese Medicine, Zhejiang Pharmaceutical College, Ningbo, People's Republic of China.,College of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Yiyuan Luo
- College of Chinese Medicine, Zhejiang Pharmaceutical College, Ningbo, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianan Liu
- College of Chinese Medicine, Zhejiang Pharmaceutical College, Ningbo, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianwei Chen
- College of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Yong Chen
- College of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiang Li
- College of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
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14
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Liu R, Choi HS, Ko YC, Yun BS, Lee DS. 5-Desmethylsinensetin isolated from Artemisia princeps suppresses the stemness of breast cancer cells via Stat3/IL-6 and Stat3/YAP1 signaling. Life Sci 2021; 280:119729. [PMID: 34146553 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2021.119729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Revised: 05/28/2021] [Accepted: 06/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
AIMS To study 5-desmethylsinensetin exhibiting potential anticancer activity against breast cancer stem cells and the related molecular mechanism. MAIN METHODS In this study, isolation of a cancer stem cell (CSC) inhibitor of Artemisia princeps was performed using a silica gel column, a Sephadex gel column, and high-performance liquid chromatography. A single compound was purified via activity-based isolation using mammosphere formation assays. An MTS was used to examine the proliferation of breast cancer cells, and flow cytometry was used to analyze apoptosis and cancer stem cell markers. Western blotting was used to detect the signaling pathway. RESULTS The isolated compound was identified as 5-desmethylsinensetin using nuclear magnetic resonance and mass spectrometry. 5-Desmethylsinensetin suppresses the proliferation and mammosphere formation of breast cancer cells, reduces the subpopulations of CD44+/CD24- and ALDH1+ cancer cells, and reduces the transcription of the stemness markers Oct4, c-Myc, Nanog and CD44 in Breast CSCs. 5-Desmethylsinensetin inhibits the total and nuclear expression of Stat3 and p-Stat3, as well as the translocation of YAP1. Additionally, 5-desmethylsinensetin reduces the mRNA and protein levels of IL-6. CONCLUSION Our results show that 5-desmethylsinensetin exhibits potential anticancer activity against breast cancer stem cells via Stat3-IL-6 and Stat3-YAP1 signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ren Liu
- Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Advanced Convergence Technology and Science, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Republic of Korea
| | - Hack Sun Choi
- Subtropical/Tropical Organism Gene Bank, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Republic of Korea
| | - Yu-Chan Ko
- Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Advanced Convergence Technology and Science, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Republic of Korea
| | - Bong-Sik Yun
- Division of Biotechnology, College of Environmental and Bioresource Sciences, Jeonbuk National University, Gobong-ro 79, Iksan 54596, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Sun Lee
- Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Advanced Convergence Technology and Science, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Republic of Korea; Subtropical/Tropical Organism Gene Bank, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Republic of Korea; Practical Translational Research Center, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Republic of Korea; Faculty of Biotechnology, College of Applied Life Sciences, Jeju National University, SARI, Jeju 63243, Republic of Korea.
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15
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Synthesis of lignin-based hydrogels and their applications in agriculture: A review. CHEMICAL PAPERS 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s11696-021-01712-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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16
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6-Methoxymellein Isolated from Carrot ( Daucus carota L.) Targets Breast Cancer Stem Cells by Regulating NF-κB Signaling. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25194374. [PMID: 32977636 PMCID: PMC7583823 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25194374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2020] [Revised: 09/17/2020] [Accepted: 09/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The presence of breast cancer stem cells (BCSCs) induces the aggressive progression and recurrence of breast cancer. These cells are drug resistant, have the capacity to self-renew and differentiate and are involved in recurrence and metastasis, suggesting that targeting BCSCs may improve treatment efficacy. In this report, methanol extracts of carrot root were purified by means of silica gel, Sephadex LH-20, and preparative high-performance liquid chromatography to isolate a compound targeting mammosphere formation. We isolated the compound 6-methoxymellein, which inhibits the proliferation and migration of breast cancer cells, reduces mammosphere growth, decreases the proportion of CD44+/CD24− cells in breast cancer cells and decreases the expression of stemness-associated proteins c-Myc, Sox-2 and Oct4. 6-Methoxymellein reduces the nuclear localization of nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) subunit p65 and p50. Subsequently, 6-methoxymellein decreases the mRNA transcription and secretion of IL-6 and IL-8. Our data suggest that 6-methoxymellein may be an anticancer agent that inhibits BCSCs via NF-κB/IL-6 and IL-8 regulation.
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Caudatin Isolated from Cynanchum auriculatum Inhibits Breast Cancer Stem Cell Formation via a GR/YAP Signaling. Biomolecules 2020; 10:biom10060925. [PMID: 32570844 PMCID: PMC7355644 DOI: 10.3390/biom10060925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2020] [Revised: 06/06/2020] [Accepted: 06/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
In the complex tumor microenvironment, cancer stem cells (CSCs), a rare population of cells, are responsible for malignant tumor initiation, metastasis, drug resistance and recurrence. Controlling breast CSCs (BCSCs) using natural compounds is a novel potential therapeutic strategy for clinical cancer treatment. In this study, a mammosphere assay-guided isolation protocol including silica gel, a C18 column, gel filtration, and high-pressure liquid chromatography was used to isolate an inhibitory compound from Cynanchum auriculatum extracts. The isolated inhibitory compound was identified as caudatin. Caudatin inhibited breast cancer cell proliferation, mammosphere formation and tumor growth. Caudatin decreased the CD44+/CD24− and aldehyde dehydrogenase+ cell proportions and the levels of c-Myc, Oct4, Sox2, and CD44. Caudatin induced ubiquitin (Ub)-dependent glucocorticoid receptor (GR) degradation and blocked subsequent Yes-associated protein (YAP) nuclear accumulation and target gene transcription signals in BCSCs. These results show that the GR/YAP signaling pathway regulates BCSC formation and that caudatin may be a potential chemopreventive agent that targets breast cancer cells and CSCs.
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