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Cordani M, Garufi A, Benedetti R, Tafani M, Aventaggiato M, D’Orazi G, Cirone M. Recent Advances on Mutant p53: Unveiling Novel Oncogenic Roles, Degradation Pathways, and Therapeutic Interventions. Biomolecules 2024; 14:649. [PMID: 38927053 PMCID: PMC11201733 DOI: 10.3390/biom14060649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2024] [Revised: 05/24/2024] [Accepted: 05/28/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The p53 protein is the master regulator of cellular integrity, primarily due to its tumor-suppressing functions. Approximately half of all human cancers carry mutations in the TP53 gene, which not only abrogate the tumor-suppressive functions but also confer p53 mutant proteins with oncogenic potential. The latter is achieved through so-called gain-of-function (GOF) mutations that promote cancer progression, metastasis, and therapy resistance by deregulating transcriptional networks, signaling pathways, metabolism, immune surveillance, and cellular compositions of the microenvironment. Despite recent progress in understanding the complexity of mutp53 in neoplastic development, the exact mechanisms of how mutp53 contributes to cancer development and how they escape proteasomal and lysosomal degradation remain only partially understood. In this review, we address recent findings in the field of oncogenic functions of mutp53 specifically regarding, but not limited to, its implications in metabolic pathways, the secretome of cancer cells, the cancer microenvironment, and the regulating scenarios of the aberrant proteasomal degradation. By analyzing proteasomal and lysosomal protein degradation, as well as its connection with autophagy, we propose new therapeutical approaches that aim to destabilize mutp53 proteins and deactivate its oncogenic functions, thereby providing a fundamental basis for further investigation and rational treatment approaches for TP53-mutated cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Cordani
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Investigaciones Sanitarias San Carlos (IdISSC), 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Alessia Garufi
- Unit of Cellular Networks and Molecular Therapeutic Targets, IRCCS Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, 00144 Rome, Italy;
| | - Rossella Benedetti
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University La Sapienza, 00161 Rome, Italy; (R.B.); (M.T.); (M.A.); (M.C.)
| | - Marco Tafani
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University La Sapienza, 00161 Rome, Italy; (R.B.); (M.T.); (M.A.); (M.C.)
| | - Michele Aventaggiato
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University La Sapienza, 00161 Rome, Italy; (R.B.); (M.T.); (M.A.); (M.C.)
| | - Gabriella D’Orazi
- Unit of Cellular Networks and Molecular Therapeutic Targets, IRCCS Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, 00144 Rome, Italy;
- Department of Neurosciences, Imaging and Clinical Sciences, University G. D’Annunzio, 00131 Chieti, Italy
| | - Mara Cirone
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University La Sapienza, 00161 Rome, Italy; (R.B.); (M.T.); (M.A.); (M.C.)
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Wu Z, Wu Z, Zeng J, Liu Y, Wang Y, Li H, Xia T, Liu W, Lin Z, Xu W. An endoplasmic reticulum stress-related signature featuring ASNS for predicting prognosis and immune landscape in prostate cancer. Aging (Albany NY) 2024; 16:43-65. [PMID: 38206293 PMCID: PMC10817364 DOI: 10.18632/aging.205280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2023] [Accepted: 10/15/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
Prostate cancer (PRAD) is one of the common malignant tumors of the urinary system. In order to predict the treatment results for PRAD patients, this study proposes to develop a risk profile based on endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS). Based on the Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center (MSKCC) cohort and the Gene Expression Omnibus database (GSE70769), we verified the predictive signature. Using a random survival forest analysis, prognostically significant ERS-related genes were found. An ERS-related risk score (ERscore) was created using multivariable Cox analysis. In addition, the biological functions, genetic mutations and immune landscape related to ERscore are also studied to reveal the underlying mechanisms related to ERS in PRAD. We further explored the ERscore-related mechanisms by profiling a single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) dataset (GSE137829) and explored the oncogenic role of ASNS in PRAD through in vitro experiments. The risk signature composed of eight ERS-related genes constructed in this study is an independent prognostic factor and validated in the MSKCC and GSE70769 data sets. The scRNA-seq data additionally revealed that several carcinogenic pathways were noticeably overactivated in the group with high ERS scores. As one of the prognostic genes, ASNS will significantly inhibit the proliferation, migration and invasion abilities of PRAD cells after its expression is interfered with. In conclusion, this study developed a novel risk-specific ERS-based clinical treatment strategy for patients with PRAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenyu Wu
- Department of Urology, The First People’s Hospital of Foshan, Foshan, P.R. China
| | - Zhenquan Wu
- Department of Urology, The First People’s Hospital of Foshan, Foshan, P.R. China
| | - Jie Zeng
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Guangzhou First People’s Hospital, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Yaxuan Liu
- Department of Blood Transfusion, Shenzhen Hospital Affiliated to Southern Medical University, Shenzhen, P.R. China
| | - Yue Wang
- The First Clinical Medical College, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, P.R. China
| | - Huixin Li
- Department of Urology, The First People’s Hospital of Foshan, Foshan, P.R. China
| | - Taolin Xia
- Department of Urology, The First People’s Hospital of Foshan, Foshan, P.R. China
| | - Weitao Liu
- Department of Urology, The First People’s Hospital of Foshan, Foshan, P.R. China
| | - Zhe Lin
- Department of Urology, The First People’s Hospital of Foshan, Foshan, P.R. China
| | - Wenfeng Xu
- Department of Urology, The First People’s Hospital of Foshan, Foshan, P.R. China
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3
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Zheng S, Zhang Q, Shi X, Luo C, Chen J, Zhang W, Wu K, Tang S. Developmental hazards of 2,2',4,4'-tetrabromodiphenyl ether induced endoplasmic reticulum stress on early life stages of zebrafish (Danio rerio). ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2023; 267:115615. [PMID: 37890256 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2023.115615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2023] [Revised: 10/12/2023] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023]
Abstract
Polybrominated diphenyl ether flame retardants are known to have adverse effects on the development of organisms. We investigated the molecular mechanisms associated with the developmental hazards of 2,2',4,4'-tetrabromodiphenyl ether (BDE-47) in zebrafish, as well as the behavioral and morphological alterations involved, focusing on endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS), oxidative stress, and apoptosis. Our study revealed behavioral alterations in zebrafish exposed to BDE-47, including impaired motor activity, reduced exploration, and abnormal swimming patterns. In addition, we observed malformations in craniofacial regions and other developmental abnormalities that may be associated with ERS-induced cellular dysfunction. BDE-47 exposure showed apparent changes in ERS, oxidative stress, and apoptosis biomarkers at different developmental stages in zebrafish through gene expression analysis and enzyme activity assays. The study indicated that exposure to BDE-47 results in ERS, as supported by the upregulation of ERS-related genes and increased activity of ERS markers. In addition, oxidative stress-related genes showed different expression patterns, suggesting that oxidative stress is involved in the BDE-47 toxic effects. Moreover, an assessment of apoptotic biomarkers revealed an imbalance in the expression levels of pro- and anti-apoptotic genes, suggesting that BDE-47 exposure activated the apoptotic pathway. These results highlight the complex interactions between ERS, oxidative stress, apoptosis, behavioral alterations, and morphological malformations following BDE-47 exposure in zebrafish. Understanding the mechanisms of toxicity of developmental hazards is essential to elucidate the toxicological effects of environmental contaminants. The knowledge can help develop strategies to mitigate their adverse effects on the health of ecosystems and humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shukai Zheng
- Department of Plastic Surgery and Burns Center, Second Affiliated Hospital, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong 515041, China; Plastic Surgery Institute of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong 515041, China; Shantou Plastic surgery Clinical Research Center, Shantou, Guangdong 515041, China
| | - Qiong Zhang
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong 515041, China
| | - Xiaoling Shi
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong 515041, China
| | - Congying Luo
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong 515041, China
| | - Jiasheng Chen
- Department of Plastic Surgery and Burns Center, Second Affiliated Hospital, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong 515041, China; Plastic Surgery Institute of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong 515041, China; Shantou Plastic surgery Clinical Research Center, Shantou, Guangdong 515041, China
| | - Wancong Zhang
- Department of Plastic Surgery and Burns Center, Second Affiliated Hospital, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong 515041, China; Plastic Surgery Institute of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong 515041, China; Shantou Plastic surgery Clinical Research Center, Shantou, Guangdong 515041, China
| | - Kusheng Wu
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong 515041, China
| | - Shijie Tang
- Department of Plastic Surgery and Burns Center, Second Affiliated Hospital, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong 515041, China; Plastic Surgery Institute of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong 515041, China; Shantou Plastic surgery Clinical Research Center, Shantou, Guangdong 515041, China.
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Zhu Z, Pu J, Li Y, Chen J, Ding H, Zhou A, Zhang X. RBM25 regulates hypoxic cardiomyocyte apoptosis through CHOP-associated endoplasmic reticulum stress. Cell Stress Chaperones 2023; 28:861-876. [PMID: 37736860 PMCID: PMC10746693 DOI: 10.1007/s12192-023-01380-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Revised: 08/15/2023] [Accepted: 09/10/2023] [Indexed: 09/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Ischemic heart failure (HF) is one of the leading causes of global morbidity and mortality; blocking the apoptotic cascade could help improve adverse outcomes of it. RNA-binding motif protein 25 (RBM25) is an RNA-binding protein related to apoptosis; however, its role remains unknown in ischemic HF. The main purpose of this study is to explore the mechanism of RBM25 in ischemic HF. Establishing an ischemic HF model and oxygen-glucose deprivation (OGD) model. ELISA was performed to evaluate the BNP level in the ischemic HF model. Echocardiography and histological analysis were performed to assess cardiac function and infarct size. Proteins were quantitatively and locationally analyzed by western blotting and immunofluorescence. The morphological changes of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) were observed with ER-tracker. Cardiac function and myocardial injury were observed in ischemic HF rats. RBM25 was elevated in cardiomyocytes of hypoxia injury hearts and localized in nucleus both in vitro and in vivo. In addition, cell apoptosis was significantly increased when overexpressed RBM25. Moreover, ER stress stimulated upregulation of RBM25 and promoted cell apoptosis through the CHOP related pathway. Finally, inhibiting the expression of RBM25 could ameliorate the apoptosis and improve cardiac function through blocking the activation of CHOP signaling pathway. RBM25 is significantly upregulated in ischemic HF rat heart and OGD model, which leads to apoptosis by modulating the ER stress through CHOP pathway. Knockdown of RBM25 could reverse apoptosis-mediated cardiac dysfunction. RBM25 may be a promising target for the treatment of ischemic HF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziwei Zhu
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Jie Pu
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Yongnan Li
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Jianshu Chen
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Hong Ding
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Anyu Zhou
- Department of Cardiology, Warren Alpert School of Medicine at Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - XiaoWei Zhang
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, 730000, China.
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Alfadul SM, Matnurov EM, Varakutin AE, Babak MV. Metal-Based Anticancer Complexes and p53: How Much Do We Know? Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:2834. [PMID: 37345171 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15102834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2023] [Revised: 05/15/2023] [Accepted: 05/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/23/2023] Open
Abstract
P53 plays a key role in protecting the human genome from DNA-related mutations; however, it is one of the most frequently mutated genes in cancer. The P53 family members p63 and p73 were also shown to play important roles in cancer development and progression. Currently, there are various organic molecules from different structural classes of compounds that could reactivate the function of wild-type p53, degrade or inhibit mutant p53, etc. It was shown that: (1) the function of the wild-type p53 protein was dependent on the presence of Zn atoms, and (2) Zn supplementation restored the altered conformation of the mutant p53 protein. This prompted us to question whether the dependence of p53 on Zn and other metals might be used as a cancer vulnerability. This review article focuses on the role of different metals in the structure and function of p53, as well as discusses the effects of metal complexes based on Zn, Cu, Fe, Ru, Au, Ag, Pd, Pt, Ir, V, Mo, Bi and Sn on the p53 protein and p53-associated signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samah Mutasim Alfadul
- Drug Discovery Lab, Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, 83 Tat Chee Avenue, Hong Kong SAR 999077, China
| | - Egor M Matnurov
- Drug Discovery Lab, Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, 83 Tat Chee Avenue, Hong Kong SAR 999077, China
| | - Alexander E Varakutin
- Drug Discovery Lab, Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, 83 Tat Chee Avenue, Hong Kong SAR 999077, China
| | - Maria V Babak
- Drug Discovery Lab, Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, 83 Tat Chee Avenue, Hong Kong SAR 999077, China
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The mutational spectrum in whole exon of p53 in oral squamous cell carcinoma and its clinical implications. Sci Rep 2022; 12:21695. [PMID: 36522371 PMCID: PMC9755123 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-25744-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Mutations in p53 are common in human oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). However, in previous analyses, only detection of mutant p53 protein using immunohistochemistry or mutations in some exons have been examined. Full length mutant p53 protein in many cases shows a loss of tumor suppressor function, but in some cases possibly shows a gain of oncogenic function. In this study, we investigate relationships of outcomes with the mutational spectrum of p53 (missense and truncation mutations) in whole exon in OSCC. Specimens from biopsy or surgery (67 cases) were evaluated using next-generation sequencing for p53, and other oncogenic driver genes. The data were compared with overall survival (OS) and disease-free survival (DFS) using univariate and multivariate analyses. p53 mutations were detected in 54 patients (80.6%), 33 missense mutations and 24 truncation mutations. p53 mutations were common in the DNA-binding domain (43/52) and many were missense mutations (31/43). Mutations in other regions were mostly p53 truncation mutations. We detected some mutations in 6 oncogenic driver genes on 67 OSCC, 25 in NOTCH1, 14 in CDKN2A, 5 in PIK3CA, 3 in FBXW7, 3 in HRAS, and 1 in BRAF. However, there was no associations of the p53 mutational spectrum with mutations of oncogenic driver genes in OSCC. A comparison of cases with p53 mutations (missense or truncation) with wild-type p53 cases showed a significant difference in lymph node metastasis. DFS was significantly poorer in cases with p53 truncation mutations. Cases with p53 truncation mutations increased malignancy. In contrast, significant differences were not found between cases with p53 missense mutations and other mutations. The p53 missense mutation cases might include cases with mostly similar function to that of the wild-type, cases with loss of function, and cases with various degrees of gain of oncogenic function.
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Jin Q, Zuo W, Lin Q, Wu T, Liu C, Liu N, Liu J, Zhu X. Zinc-doped Prussian blue nanoparticles for mutp53-carrying tumor ion interference and photothermal therapy. Asian J Pharm Sci 2022; 17:767-777. [PMID: 36382302 PMCID: PMC9640366 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajps.2022.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2022] [Revised: 07/06/2022] [Accepted: 07/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Quite a great proportion of known tumor cells carry mutation in TP53 gene, expressing mutant p53 proteins (mutp53) missing not only original genome protective activities but also acquiring gain-of-functions that favor tumor progression and impede treatment of cancers. Zinc ions were reported as agents cytocidal to mutp53-carrying cells by recovering p53 normal functions and abrogating mutp53. Meanwhile in a hyperthermia scenario, the function of wild type p53 is required to ablate tumors upon heat treatment hence the effects might be hindered in a mutp53 background. We herein synthesized zinc-doped Prussian blue (ZP) nanoparticles (NPs) to combine Zn2+ based and photothermal therapeutic effects. An efficient release of Zn2+ in a glutathione-enriched tumor intracellular microenvironment and a prominent photothermal conversion manifested ZP NPs as zinc ion carriers and photothermal agents. Apoptotic death and autophagic mutp53 elimination were found to be induced by ZP NPs in R280K mutp53-containing MDA-MB-231 cells and hyperthermia was rendered to ameliorate the treatment in vitro through further mutp53 elimination and increased cell death. The combinatorial therapeutic effect was also confirmed in vivo in a mouse model. This study might expand zinc delivery carriers and shed a light on potential interplay of hyperthermia and mutp53 degradation in cancer treatment.
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Luo Y, Fu Y, Huang Z, Li M. Transition metals and metal complexes in autophagy and diseases. J Cell Physiol 2021; 236:7144-7158. [PMID: 33694161 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.30359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2020] [Revised: 02/19/2021] [Accepted: 02/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Transition metals refer to the elements in the d and ds blocks of the periodic table. Since the success of cisplatin and auranofin, transition metal-based compounds have become a prospective source for drug development, particularly in cancer treatment. In recent years, extensive studies have shown that numerous transition metal-based compounds could modulate autophagy, promising a new therapeutic strategy for metal-related diseases and the design of metal-based agents. Copper, zinc, and manganese, which are common components in physiological pathways, play important roles in the progression of cancer, neurodegenerative diseases, and cardiovascular diseases. Furthermore, enrichment of copper, zinc, or manganese can regulate autophagy. Thus, we summarized the current advances in elucidating the mechanisms of some metals/metal-based compounds and their functions in autophagy regulation, which is conducive to explore the intricate roles of autophagy and exploit novel therapeutic drugs for human diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuping Luo
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chiral Molecule and Drug Discovery, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yuanyuan Fu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chiral Molecule and Drug Discovery, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhiying Huang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chiral Molecule and Drug Discovery, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Min Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chiral Molecule and Drug Discovery, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
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D'Orazi G, Cordani M, Cirone M. Oncogenic pathways activated by pro-inflammatory cytokines promote mutant p53 stability: clue for novel anticancer therapies. Cell Mol Life Sci 2021; 78:1853-1860. [PMID: 33070220 PMCID: PMC11072129 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-020-03677-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2020] [Revised: 09/03/2020] [Accepted: 10/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Inflammation and cancerogenesis are strongly interconnected processes, not only because inflammation promotes DNA instability, but also because both processes are driven by pathways such as NF-kB, STAT3, mTOR and MAPKs. Interestingly, these pathways regulate the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as IL-6, TNF-α and IL-1β that in turn control their activation and play a crucial role in shaping immune response. The transcription factor p53 is the major tumor suppressor that is often mutated in cancer, contributing to tumor progression. In this overview, we highlight how the interplay between pro-inflammatory cytokines and pro-inflammatory/pro-oncogenic pathways, regulating and being regulated by UPR signaling and autophagy, affects the stability of mutp53 that in turn is able to control autophagy, UPR signaling, cytokine release and the activation of the same oncogenic pathways to preserve its own stability and promote tumorigenesis. Interrupting these positive feedback loops may represent a promising strategy in anticancer therapy, particularly against cancers carrying mutp53.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriella D'Orazi
- Department of Research and Advanced Technologies, IRCCS Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy
| | - Marco Cordani
- IMDEA Nanociencia, C/Faraday 9, Ciudad Universitaria de Cantoblanco, Madrid, Spain
| | - Mara Cirone
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Laboratory Affiliated to Pasteur Institute Italy Foundation Cenci Bolognetti, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy.
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Garufi A, Giorno E, Gilardini Montani MS, Pistritto G, Crispini A, Cirone M, D’Orazi G. P62/SQSTM1/Keap1/NRF2 Axis Reduces Cancer Cells Death-Sensitivity in Response to Zn(II)-Curcumin Complex. Biomolecules 2021; 11:biom11030348. [PMID: 33669070 PMCID: PMC7996602 DOI: 10.3390/biom11030348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2021] [Revised: 02/21/2021] [Accepted: 02/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The hyperactivation of nuclear factor erythroid 2 p45-related factor 2 (NRF2), frequently found in many tumor types, can be responsible for cancer resistance to therapies and poor patient prognosis. Curcumin has been shown to activate NRF2 that has cytotprotective or protumorigenic roles according to tumor stage. The present study aimed at investigating whether the zinc–curcumin Zn(II)–curc compound, which we previously showed to display anticancer effects through multiple mechanisms, could induce NRF2 activation and to explore the underlying molecular mechanisms. Biochemical studies showed that Zn(II)–curc treatment increased the NRF2 protein levels along with its targets, heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) and p62/SQSTM1, while markedly reduced the levels of Keap1 (Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1), the NRF2 inhibitor, in the cancer cell lines analyzed. The silencing of either NRF2 or p62/SQSTM1 with specific siRNA demonstrated the crosstalk between the two molecules and that the knockdown of either molecule increased the cancer cell sensitivity to Zn(II)–curc-induced cell death. This suggests that the crosstalk between p62/SQSTM1 and NRF2 could be therapeutically exploited to increase cancer patient response to therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessia Garufi
- Unit of Cellular Networks, Department of Research and Advanced Technologies, IRCCS Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, 00144 Rome, Italy;
- School of Medicine, University “G. D’Annunzio”, 66013 Chieti, Italy
| | - Eugenia Giorno
- Laboratory MAT_IN LAB, Department of Chemistry and Chemical Technologies, Calabria University, 87036 Rende, Italy; (E.G.); (A.C.)
| | - Maria Saveria Gilardini Montani
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Laboratory Affiliated to Pasteur Institute Italy Foundation Cenci Bolognetti, 00185 Rome, Italy; (M.S.G.M.); (M.C.)
| | - Giuseppa Pistritto
- Centralized Procedures Office, Italian Medicines Agency (AIFA), 00187 Rome, Italy;
| | - Alessandra Crispini
- Laboratory MAT_IN LAB, Department of Chemistry and Chemical Technologies, Calabria University, 87036 Rende, Italy; (E.G.); (A.C.)
| | - Mara Cirone
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Laboratory Affiliated to Pasteur Institute Italy Foundation Cenci Bolognetti, 00185 Rome, Italy; (M.S.G.M.); (M.C.)
| | - Gabriella D’Orazi
- Unit of Cellular Networks, Department of Research and Advanced Technologies, IRCCS Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, 00144 Rome, Italy;
- Department of Neurosciences, Imaging and Clinical Sciences, University “G. D’Annunzio”, 66013 Chieti, Italy
- Correspondence:
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11
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D’Orazi G. Recent Advances in p53. Biomolecules 2021; 11:biom11020211. [PMID: 33546313 PMCID: PMC7913554 DOI: 10.3390/biom11020211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2021] [Accepted: 02/02/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Gabriella D’Orazi
- Department of Research, Unit of Cellular Networks, IRCCS Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, 00144 Rome, Italy;
- Department of Neurosciences, Imaging and Clinical Sciences, University G. D’Annunzio, 00131 Chieti, Italy
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12
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Garufi A, Baldari S, Pettinari R, Gilardini Montani MS, D'Orazi V, Pistritto G, Crispini A, Giorno E, Toietta G, Marchetti F, Cirone M, D'Orazi G. A ruthenium(II)-curcumin compound modulates NRF2 expression balancing the cancer cell death/survival outcome according to p53 status. J Exp Clin Cancer Res 2020; 39:122. [PMID: 32605658 PMCID: PMC7325274 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-020-01628-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2020] [Accepted: 06/24/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Abstract Background Tumor progression and tumor response to anticancer therapies may be affected by activation of oncogenic pathways such as the antioxidant one induced by NRF2 (nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2) transcription factor and the pathways modified by deregulation of oncosuppressor p53. Often, oncogenic pathways may crosstalk between them increasing tumor progression and resistance to anticancer therapies. Therefore, understanding that interplay is critical to improve cancer cell response to therapies. In this study we aimed at evaluating NRF2 and p53 in several cancer cell lines carrying different endogenous p53 status, using a novel curcumin compound since curcumin has been shown to target both NRF2 and p53 and have anti-tumor activity. Methods We performed biochemical and molecular studies by using pharmacologic of genetic inhibition of NRF2 to evaluate the effect of curcumin compound in cancer cell lines of different tumor types bearing wild-type (wt) p53, mutant (mut) p53 or p53 null status. Results We found that the curcumin compound induced a certain degree of cell death in all tested cancer cell lines, independently of the p53 status. At molecular level, the curcumin compound induced NRF2 activation, mutp53 degradation and/or wtp53 activation. Pharmacologic or genetic NRF2 inhibition further increased the curcumin-induced cell death in both mutp53- and wtp53-carrying cancer cell lines while it did not increase cell death in p53 null cells, suggesting a cytoprotective role for NRF2 and a critical role for functional p53 to achieve an efficient cancer cell response to therapy. Conclusions These findings underline the prosurvival role of curcumin-induced NRF2 expression in cancer cells even when cells underwent mutp53 downregulation and/or wtp53 activation. Thus, NRF2 inhibition increased cell demise particularly in cancer cells carrying p53 either wild-type or mutant suggesting that p53 is crucial for efficient cancer cell death. These results may represent a paradigm for better understanding the cancer cell response to therapies in order to design more efficient combined anticancer therapies targeting both NRF2 and p53.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessia Garufi
- Department of Research and Advanced Technologies, IRCCS Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy.,University "G. D'Annunzio", School of Medicine, Chieti, Italy
| | - Silvia Baldari
- Department of Research and Advanced Technologies, IRCCS Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy.,Department of Medical, Surgical Sciences, and Biotechnologies, Sapienza University, Latina, Italy
| | - Riccardo Pettinari
- School of Pharmacy, Chemistry Section, University of Camerino, Camerino Macerata, Italy
| | - Maria Saveria Gilardini Montani
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University, laboratory affiliated to Pasteur Institute Italy Foundation Cenci Bolognetti, Rome, Italy
| | - Valerio D'Orazi
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
| | - Giuseppa Pistritto
- Italian medicines agency-Aifa, centralized procedure office, Rome, Italy
| | - Alessandra Crispini
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Technologies, laboratory MAT-IN LAB, Calabria University, Rende, Italy
| | - Eugenia Giorno
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Technologies, laboratory MAT-IN LAB, Calabria University, Rende, Italy
| | - Gabriele Toietta
- Department of Research and Advanced Technologies, IRCCS Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy
| | - Fabio Marchetti
- School of Science and Technology, Chemistry Section, University of Camerino, Camerino Macerata, Italy
| | - Mara Cirone
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University, laboratory affiliated to Pasteur Institute Italy Foundation Cenci Bolognetti, Rome, Italy
| | - Gabriella D'Orazi
- Department of Research and Advanced Technologies, IRCCS Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy.
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BET Inhibitors Synergize with Carfilzomib to Induce Cell Death in Cancer Cells via Impairing Nrf1 Transcriptional Activity and Exacerbating the Unfolded Protein Response. Biomolecules 2020; 10:biom10040501. [PMID: 32224969 PMCID: PMC7226130 DOI: 10.3390/biom10040501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2020] [Revised: 03/21/2020] [Accepted: 03/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Currently, proteasome inhibitors bortezomib, carfilzomib, and ixazomib are successfully used in clinics to treat multiple myeloma. However, these agents show limited efficacy against solid tumors. Identification of drugs that can potentiate the action of proteasome inhibitors could help expand the use of this therapeutic modality to solid tumors. Here, we found that bromodomain extra-terminal (BET) family protein inhibitors such as JQ1, I-BET762, and I-BET151 synergize with carfilzomib in multiple solid tumor cell lines. Mechanistically, BET inhibitors attenuated the ability of the transcription factor Nrf1 to induce proteasome genes in response to proteasome inhibition, thus, impeding the bounce-back response of proteasome activity, a critical pathway by which cells cope with proteotoxic stress. Moreover, we found that treatment with BET inhibitors or depletion of Nrf1 exacerbated the unfolded protein response (UPR), signaling that was initiated by proteasome inhibition. Taken together, our work provides a mechanistic explanation behind the synergy between proteasome and BET inhibitors in cancer cell lines and could prompt future preclinical and clinical studies aimed at further investigating this combination.
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