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González-Arzola K. The nucleolus: Coordinating stress response and genomic stability. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA. GENE REGULATORY MECHANISMS 2024; 1867:195029. [PMID: 38642633 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagrm.2024.195029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2023] [Revised: 03/25/2024] [Accepted: 04/12/2024] [Indexed: 04/22/2024]
Abstract
The perception that the nucleoli are merely the organelles where ribosome biogenesis occurs is challenged. Only around 30 % of nucleolar proteins are solely involved in producing ribosomes. Instead, the nucleolus plays a critical role in controlling protein trafficking during stress and, according to its dynamic nature, undergoes continuous protein exchange with nucleoplasm under various cellular stressors. Hence, the concept of nucleolar stress has evolved as cellular insults that disrupt the structure and function of the nucleolus. Considering the emerging role of this organelle in DNA repair and the fact that rDNAs are the most fragile genomic loci, therapies targeting the nucleoli are increasingly being developed. Besides, drugs that target ribosome synthesis and induce nucleolar stress can be used in cancer therapy. In contrast, agents that regulate nucleolar activity may be a potential treatment for neurodegeneration caused by abnormal protein accumulation in the nucleolus. Here, I explore the roles of nucleoli beyond their ribosomal functions, highlighting the factors triggering nucleolar stress and their impact on genomic stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katiuska González-Arzola
- Centro Andaluz de Biología Molecular y Medicina Regenerativa (CABIMER), Universidad de Sevilla, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Junta de Andalucía, Universidad Pablo de Olavide, 41092 Seville, Spain; Departamento de Bioquímica Vegetal y Biología Molecular, Universidad de Sevilla, 41012 Seville, Spain.
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2
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Ren Y, Zhao X. Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells-derived exosomal lncRNA GAS5 mitigates heart failure by inhibiting UL3/Hippo pathway-mediated ferroptosis. Eur J Med Res 2024; 29:303. [PMID: 38812041 PMCID: PMC11137962 DOI: 10.1186/s40001-024-01880-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2024] [Accepted: 05/03/2024] [Indexed: 05/31/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Exosomes (Exos) are involved in the therapeutic effects of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) on heart failure (HF). We investigated the molecular mechanisms underlying the involvement of BMSC-Exos in ferroptosis on HF. METHODS A rat model of HF and cellular model of hypoxia were established. BMSC-Exos were injected into model rats or co-cultured with model cells. In model rats, the cardiac function (echocardiography), oxidative stress (commercial kits), pathological damage (HE staining), fibrosis (MASSON staining), iron deposition (Prussian blue staining), and cell apoptosis (TUNEL staining) were examined. Viability (cell counting kit-8; CCK-8), cell cycle (flow cytometry), oxidative stress, and Fe2+ levels were detected in the model cells. GAS5, UL3, YAP, and TAZ expression were detected using qRT-PCR, western blotting, and immunohistochemistry analyses. RESULTS BMSC-Exos restored cardiac function and inhibited oxidative stress, apoptosis, pathological damage, fibrosis, and iron deposition in myocardial tissues of HF rats. In hypoxic cells, BMSC-Exos increased cell viability, decreased the number of G1 phase cells, decreased Fe2+ levels, and inhibited oxidative stress. Ferrostatin-1 (a ferroptosis inhibitor) exhibited a synergistic effect with BMSC-Exos. Additionally, GAS5 was upregulated in BMSC-Exos, further upregulating its target UL3 and Hippo pathway effectors (YAP and TAZ). The relieving effects of BMSC-Exos on HF or hypoxia-induced injury were enhanced by GAS5 overexpression, but weakened by UL3 silencing or verteporfin (a YAP inhibitor). CONCLUSIONS GAS5-harbouring BMSC-Exos inhibited ferroptosis by regulating the UL3/Hippo pathway, contributing to HF remission in vivo and in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Ren
- Department of Scientific Research, Inner Mongolia People's Hospital, Hohhot, 010017, China
| | - Xingsheng Zhao
- Department of Cardiology, Inner Mongolia People's Hospital, No.20 Zhao Wuda Road, Hohhot, 010017, China.
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Merlino F, Pecoraro A, Longobardi G, Donati G, Di Leva FS, Brignola C, Piccarducci R, Daniele S, Martini C, Marinelli L, Russo G, Quaglia F, Conte C, Russo A, La Pietra V. Development and Nanoparticle-Mediated Delivery of Novel MDM2/MDM4 Heterodimer Peptide Inhibitors to Enhance 5-Fluorouracil Nucleolar Stress in Colorectal Cancer Cells. J Med Chem 2024; 67:1812-1824. [PMID: 38285632 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.3c01312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2024]
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) often involves wild-type p53 inactivation by MDM2 and MDM4 overexpression, promoting tumor progression and resistance to 5-fluoruracil (5-FU). Disrupting the MDM2/4 heterodimer can proficiently reactivate p53, sensitizing cancer cells to 5-FU. Herein, we developed 16 peptides based on Pep3 (1), the only known peptide acting through this mechanism. The new peptides, notably 3 and 9, showed lower IC50 values than 1. When incorporated into tumor-targeted biodegradable nanoparticles, these exhibited cytotoxicity against three different CRC cell lines. Notably, NPs/9 caused a significant increase in p53 levels associated with a strong increment of its main downstream target p21 inducing apoptosis. Also, the combined treatment of 9 with 5-FU caused the activation of nucleolar stress and a synergic apoptotic effect. Hence, the co-delivery of MDM2/4 heterodimer disruptors with 5-FU through nanoparticles might be a promising strategy to overcome drug resistance in CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Merlino
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II, via D. Montesano 49, 80131 Napoli, NA, Italy
| | - Annalisa Pecoraro
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II, via D. Montesano 49, 80131 Napoli, NA, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Longobardi
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II, via D. Montesano 49, 80131 Napoli, NA, Italy
| | - Greta Donati
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II, via D. Montesano 49, 80131 Napoli, NA, Italy
| | | | - Chiara Brignola
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II, via D. Montesano 49, 80131 Napoli, NA, Italy
| | - Rebecca Piccarducci
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, via Bonanno, 6, 56126 Pisa, PI, Italy
| | - Simona Daniele
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, via Bonanno, 6, 56126 Pisa, PI, Italy
| | - Claudia Martini
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, via Bonanno, 6, 56126 Pisa, PI, Italy
| | - Luciana Marinelli
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II, via D. Montesano 49, 80131 Napoli, NA, Italy
| | - Giulia Russo
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II, via D. Montesano 49, 80131 Napoli, NA, Italy
| | - Fabiana Quaglia
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II, via D. Montesano 49, 80131 Napoli, NA, Italy
| | - Claudia Conte
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II, via D. Montesano 49, 80131 Napoli, NA, Italy
| | - Annapina Russo
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II, via D. Montesano 49, 80131 Napoli, NA, Italy
| | - Valeria La Pietra
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II, via D. Montesano 49, 80131 Napoli, NA, Italy
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Han ZQ, Wen LN. Application of G-quadruplex targets in gastrointestinal cancers: Advancements, challenges and prospects. World J Gastrointest Oncol 2023; 15:1149-1173. [PMID: 37546556 PMCID: PMC10401460 DOI: 10.4251/wjgo.v15.i7.1149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2023] [Revised: 04/11/2023] [Accepted: 05/08/2023] [Indexed: 07/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Genomic instability and inflammation are considered to be two enabling characteristics that support cancer development and progression. G-quadruplex structure is a key element that contributes to genomic instability and inflammation. G-quadruplexes were once regarded as simply an obstacle that can block the transcription of oncogenes. A ligand targeting G-quadruplexes was found to have anticancer activity, making G-quadruplexes potential anticancer targets. However, further investigation has revealed that G-quadruplexes are widely distributed throughout the human genome and have many functions, such as regulating DNA replication, DNA repair, transcription, translation, epigenetics, and inflammatory response. G-quadruplexes play double regulatory roles in transcription and translation. In this review, we focus on G-quadruplexes as novel targets for the treatment of gastrointestinal cancers. We summarize the application basis of G-quadruplexes in gastrointestinal cancers, including their distribution sites, structural characteristics, and physiological functions. We describe the current status of applications for the treatment of esophageal cancer, pancreatic cancer, hepatocellular carcinoma, gastric cancer, colorectal cancer, and gastrointestinal stromal tumors, as well as the associated challenges. Finally, we review the prospective clinical applications of G-quadruplex targets, providing references for targeted treatment strategies in gastrointestinal cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zong-Qiang Han
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Beijing Xiaotangshan Hospital, Beijing 102211, China
| | - Li-Na Wen
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100038, China
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5
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Yin S, Lan W, Hou X, Liu Z, Xue H, Wang C, Tang GL, Cao C. Trioxacarcin A Interactions with G-Quadruplex DNA Reveal Its Potential New Targets as an Anticancer Agent. J Med Chem 2023; 66:6798-6810. [PMID: 37154782 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.3c00178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Trioxacarcin (TXN) A was reported to be an anticancer agent through alkylation of dsDNA. G-quadruplex DNA (G4-DNA) is frequently formed in the promoter regions of oncogenes and the ends of telomerase genes, considered as promising drug targets for anticancer therapy. There are no reports about TXN A interactions with G4-DNA. Here, we tested TXN A's interactions with several G4-DNA oligos with parallel, antiparallel, or hybrid folding, respectively. We demonstrated that TXN A preferred to alkylate one flexible guanine in the loops of parallel G4-DNA. The position of the alkylated guanine is in favor of interactions of G4-DNA with TXN A. The structure of TXN A covalently bound RET G4-DNA indicated that TXN A alkylation on RET G4-DNA stabilizes the G4-DNA conformation. These studies opened a new window of how TXN A interacted with G4-DNA, which might hint a new mode of its function as an anticancer agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaowen Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Bioorganic and Natural Product Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai 200032, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Science, No. 19A, Yuquan Road, Shijingshan District, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Wenxian Lan
- The Core Facility Centre of CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, 300 Fengling Road, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Xianfeng Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Bioorganic and Natural Product Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Zhijun Liu
- National Center for Protein Science in Shanghai, Shanghai Advanced Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 333 Kaike Road, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Hongjuan Xue
- National Center for Protein Science in Shanghai, Shanghai Advanced Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 333 Kaike Road, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Chunxi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioorganic and Natural Product Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Gong-Li Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioorganic and Natural Product Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Chunyang Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Bioorganic and Natural Product Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai 200032, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Science, No. 19A, Yuquan Road, Shijingshan District, Beijing 100049, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Life Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai 200032, China
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Conte C, Longobardi G, Barbieri A, Palma G, Luciano A, Dal Poggetto G, Avitabile C, Pecoraro A, Russo A, Russo G, Laurienzo P, Romanelli A, Quaglia F. Non-covalent strategies to functionalize polymeric nanoparticles with NGR peptides for targeting breast cancer. Int J Pharm 2023; 633:122618. [PMID: 36657553 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2023.122618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2022] [Revised: 01/11/2023] [Accepted: 01/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Surface functionalization of nanoparticles (NPs) with tumor-targeting peptides is an emerging approach with a huge potential to translate in the clinic and ameliorate the efficacy of nano-oncologicals. One major challenge is to find straightforward strategies for anchoring peptides on the surface of biodegradable NPs and ensuring their correct exposure and orientation to bind the target receptor. Here, we propose a non-covalent strategy to functionalize polyester aminic NPs based on the formation of either electrostatic or lipophilic interactions between NPs and the peptide modified with an anchoring moiety. We selected an iNGRt peptide containing a CendR motif (CRNGR) targeting neuropilin receptor 1 (NRP-1), which is upregulated in several cancers. iNGRt was linked with either a short poly(glutamic acid) chain (polyE) or a palmitoyl chain (Palm) and used to functionalize the surface of NPs made of a diamine poly(ε-caprolactone). iNGRt-PolyE was adsorbed on preformed cationic NPs through electrostatic interaction, whereas iNGRt-Palm was integrated into the forming NPs through interactions. In both cases, peptides were strongly associated with NPs of ∼100 nm, low polydispersity indexes, and positive zeta potential values. NPs entered MDA-MB231 breast cancer cells overexpressing NRP-1 via receptor-mediated endocytosis and showed a different cell localization depending on the mode of peptide anchoring. When loaded with the lipophilic anticancer drug docetaxel (DTX), NPs functionalized with the iNGRt-Palm variant exerted a time- and dose-dependent cytotoxicity similar to DTX in MDA-MB-231 cells but were less toxic than DTX toward control MRC-5 human fibroblasts, not expressing NRP-1. In a heterotopic mouse model of triple negative breast cancer, iNGRt-Palm NPs were tolerated better than free DTX and demonstrated superior anticancer activity and survival compared to both free DTX and NPs without peptide functionalization. We foresee that the functionalization strategy with palmitoylated peptides proposed here can be extended to other biodegradable NPs and peptide sequences designed for therapeutic or targeting purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Conte
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II, Via D. Montesano 49, 80131 Naples, Italy.
| | - Giuseppe Longobardi
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II, Via D. Montesano 49, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Antonio Barbieri
- Animal Facility Unit, Istituto Nazionale Tumori "Fondazione Pascale", Via M. Semmola, 52, 80131 (NA) Naples, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Palma
- Animal Facility Unit, Istituto Nazionale Tumori "Fondazione Pascale", Via M. Semmola, 52, 80131 (NA) Naples, Italy
| | - Antonio Luciano
- Animal Facility Unit, Istituto Nazionale Tumori "Fondazione Pascale", Via M. Semmola, 52, 80131 (NA) Naples, Italy
| | - Giovanni Dal Poggetto
- Institute for Polymers, Composites and Biomaterials, CNR, Via Campi Flegrei 34, 80078 Pozzuoli, Naples, Italy
| | | | - Annalisa Pecoraro
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II, Via D. Montesano 49, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Annapina Russo
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II, Via D. Montesano 49, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Giulia Russo
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II, Via D. Montesano 49, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Paola Laurienzo
- Institute for Polymers, Composites and Biomaterials, CNR, Via Campi Flegrei 34, 80078 Pozzuoli, Naples, Italy
| | | | - Fabiana Quaglia
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II, Via D. Montesano 49, 80131 Naples, Italy; Institute for Polymers, Composites and Biomaterials, CNR, Via Campi Flegrei 34, 80078 Pozzuoli, Naples, Italy
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Virgilio A, Pecoraro A, Benigno D, Russo A, Russo G, Esposito V, Galeone A. Antiproliferative Effects of the Aptamer d(GGGT) 4 and Its Analogues with an Abasic-Site Mimic Loop on Different Cancer Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23115952. [PMID: 35682635 PMCID: PMC9181107 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23115952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2022] [Revised: 05/20/2022] [Accepted: 05/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
In this paper, we study the T30923 antiproliferative potential and the contribution of its loop residues in six different human cancer cell lines by preparing five T30923 variants using the single residue replacement approach of loop thymidine with an abasic site mimic (S). G-rich oligonucleotides (GRO) show interesting anticancer properties because of their capability to adopt G-quadruplex structures (G4s), such as the G4 HIV-1 integrase inhibitor T30923. Considering the multi-targeted effects of G4-aptamers and the limited number of cancer cell lines tested, particularly for T30923, it should be important to find a suitable tumor line, in addition to considering that the effects also strictly depend on G4s. CD, NMR and non-denaturating polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis data clearly show that all modified ODNs closely resemble the dimeric structure of parallel G4s’ parent aptamer, keeping the resistance in biological environments substantially unchanged, as shown by nuclease stability assay. The antiproliferative effects of T30923 and its variants are tried in vitro by MTT assays, showing interesting cytotoxic activity, depending on time and dose, for all G4s, especially in MDA-MB-231 cells with a reduction in cell viability approximately up to 30%. Among all derivatives, QS12 results are the most promising, showing more pronounced cytotoxic effects both in MDA-MB-231 and Hela cells, with a decrease in cell viability from 70% to 60%. In summary, the single loop residue S substitution approach may be useful for designing antiproliferative G4s, considering that most of them, characterized by single residue loops, may be able to bind different targets in several cancer cell pathways. Generally, this approach could be of benefit by revealing some minimal functional structures, stimulating further studies aimed at the development of novel anticancer drugs.
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A Comprehensive Analysis of the Thrombin Binding Aptamer Containing Functionalized Pyrrolo-2'-deoxycytidines. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2021; 14:ph14121326. [PMID: 34959726 PMCID: PMC8709445 DOI: 10.3390/ph14121326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2021] [Revised: 12/15/2021] [Accepted: 12/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Aptamers constitute an answer for the growing need for targeted therapy development. One of the most well-known representatives of this group of compounds is thrombin binding aptamers (TBA) targeted towards thrombin. The TBA inhibitory activity is determined by its spatial arrangement, which consists of two G-tetrads linked by two shorter TT loops and one longer TGT loop and folds into a unimolecular, antiparallel G-quadruplex structure. Interesting properties of the aptamer can be further improved via the introduction of a number of chemical modifications. Herein, a comprehensive analysis of the influence of pyrrolo-2’-deoxycytidine (Py-dC) and its derivatives on TBA physicochemical and biological properties has been presented. The studies have shown that the presence of modified residues at the T7 position of the TGT loop has only minor effects on TBA thermodynamic stability without affecting its folding topology. All analyzed oligomers exhibit anticoagulant properties, but only aptamer modified with a decyl derivative of Py-dC was able to inhibit thrombin activity more efficiently than unmodified, parental compounds. Importantly, the same compound also possessed the potential to effectively restrain HeLa cell line growth.
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Luan L, Lu F, Wang X, Wang Y, Wang W, Yang Y, Chen G, Yao H, Shi X, Yuan Z, Zhou G, Zhang H, He S. The predictive value of RNA binding proteins in colon adenocarcinoma. J Gastrointest Oncol 2021; 12:1543-1557. [PMID: 34532109 DOI: 10.21037/jgo-21-318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2021] [Accepted: 07/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Background RNA binding proteins (RBPs) play an important role in regulating post-transcriptional gene expression and have been reported to be closely associated with the occurrence and development of tumors. However, the effect of RBPs in colon cancer remains unclear. Methods We downloaded clinical information and transcriptome data of colon adenocarcinoma (COAD) from The Cancer Genome Atlas database (TCGA) database. After combining this data, we identified differentially expressed RBPs in normal and cancer tissues and subsequently performed Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment analyses. Prognosis-related RBPs were identified via Cox regression analysis. The samples were randomly divided into two groups; an experimental group and a control group. A predictive model was constructed by dividing the experimental group into high- and low-risk subgroups based on the scores of the prognostic-related RBPs, and the prognosis of samples in these two subgroups was compared. Then, this model was applied to the control group. Finally, the model results were verified based on an online survival database and the Human Protein Atlas (HPA) database. Results A total of 469 differentially expressed RBPs were identified in normal and cancer tissues. Ten prognosis-related RBPs were determined by Cox regression analysis. In the prognostic prediction model, the prognosis of high-risk patients in the experimental group was worse than that in the low-risk group, and the same result was obtained in the control group. In addition, the risk score in the Cox regression analysis showed that the model could be used as an independent prognostic factor (P<0.001). The results of the online survival analysis tool, HPA database, and the model were consistent. Conclusions Some specific RBPs are significantly associated with the prognosis of patients with COAD, and this finding may provide important information for the future diagnosis and treatment of patients with COAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lipeng Luan
- Department of General Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Feng Lu
- Department of General Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Xiaochuan Wang
- Center of Hepatobiliary Pancreatic Disease, Xu Zhou Central Hospital, Xuzhou, China
| | - Yunliang Wang
- Department of General Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Oncology, Shengli Hospital of Shengli Oilfield, Dongying, China
| | - Yong Yang
- Department of General Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Guoliang Chen
- Department of General Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Huihui Yao
- Department of General Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Xinyu Shi
- Department of General Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Zihan Yuan
- Department of General Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Guoqiang Zhou
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Changshu No. 2 Hospital, Suzhou, China
| | - Haitao Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Songbing He
- Department of General Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
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Thoms HC, Stark LA. The NF-κB Nucleolar Stress Response Pathway. Biomedicines 2021; 9:biomedicines9091082. [PMID: 34572268 PMCID: PMC8471347 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9091082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2021] [Revised: 08/09/2021] [Accepted: 08/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The nuclear organelle, the nucleolus, plays a critical role in stress response and the regulation of cellular homeostasis. P53 as a downstream effector of nucleolar stress is well defined. However, new data suggests that NF-κB also acts downstream of nucleolar stress to regulate cell growth and death. In this review, we will provide insight into the NF-κB nucleolar stress response pathway. We will discuss apoptosis mediated by nucleolar sequestration of RelA and new data demonstrating a role for p62 (sequestosome (SQSTM1)) in this process. We will also discuss activation of NF-κB signalling by degradation of the RNA polymerase I (PolI) complex component, transcription initiation factor-IA (TIF-IA (RRN3)), and contexts where TIF-IA-NF-κB signalling may be important. Finally, we will discuss how this pathway is targeted by aspirin to mediate apoptosis of colon cancer cells.
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11
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Li G, Wei Y, Ma L, Mao Y, Xun R, Deng Y. A novel highly sensitive soy aptasensor for antigen β-conglycinin determination. ANALYTICAL METHODS : ADVANCING METHODS AND APPLICATIONS 2021; 13:3059-3067. [PMID: 34137405 DOI: 10.1039/d1ay00701g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
β-Conglycinin, composed of three subunits (α', α and β), is the main allergen of soy protein which can cause severe allergic reactions, such as diarrhea, decreased growth performance and even death. Among them, the β subunit is more stable and difficult to remove, being one of the main nutritional inhibitors, which can be used to evaluate the concentration of β-conglycinin. However, there is no effective, accurate method for its β subunit rapid detection. Herein, we have successfully selected a high affinity β subunit aptamer (Kd = 6.9 nM) and developed a highly sensitive aptasensor. The aptasensor displayed high specificity and the β subunit at a concentration of 70-350 nM could be detected with a detection limit of 4.48 nM (3S/N). In addition, the recoveries of β subunit were more than 90%, demonstrating its practical properties for complicated conditions such as food quality control and disease diagnosis, without requiring expensive and sophisticated equipment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guohui Li
- National Engineering Laboratory for Cereal Fermentation Technology (NELCF), Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China.
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12
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Virgilio A, Benigno D, Pecoraro A, Russo A, Russo G, Esposito V, Galeone A. Exploring New Potential Anticancer Activities of the G-Quadruplexes Formed by [(GTG 2T(G 3T) 3] and Its Derivatives with an Abasic Site Replacing Single Thymidine. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22137040. [PMID: 34208896 PMCID: PMC8268168 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22137040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2021] [Revised: 06/17/2021] [Accepted: 06/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
In this paper, we report our investigations on five T30175 analogues, prepared by replacing sequence thymidines with abasic sites (S) one at a time, in comparison to their natural counterpart in order to evaluate their antiproliferative potential and the involvement of the residues not belonging to the central core of stacked guanosines in biological activity. The collected NMR (Nuclear Magnetic Resonance), CD (Circular Dichroism), and PAGE (Polyacrylamide Gel Electrophoresis) data strongly suggest that all of them adopt G-quadruplex (G4) structures strictly similar to that of the parent aptamer with the ability to fold into a dimeric structure composed of two identical G-quadruplexes, each characterized by parallel strands, three all-anti-G-tetrads and four one-thymidine loops (one bulge and three propeller loops). Furthermore, their antiproliferative (MTT assay) and anti-motility (wound healing assay) properties against lung and colorectal cancer cells were tested. Although all of the oligodeoxynucleotides (ODNs) investigated here exhibited anti-proliferative activity, the unmodified T30175 aptamer showed the greatest effect on cell growth, suggesting that both its characteristic folding in dimeric form and its presence in the sequence of all thymidines are crucial elements for antiproliferative activity. This straightforward approach is suitable for understanding the critical requirements of the G-quadruplex structures that affect antiproliferative potential and suggests its application as a starting point to facilitate the reasonable development of G-quadruplexes with improved anticancer properties.
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Xu J, Jiang R, He H, Ma C, Tang Z. Recent advances on G-quadruplex for biosensing, bioimaging and cancer therapy. Trends Analyt Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2021.116257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Ribosome Biogenesis and Cancer: Overview on Ribosomal Proteins. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22115496. [PMID: 34071057 PMCID: PMC8197113 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22115496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2021] [Revised: 05/16/2021] [Accepted: 05/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Cytosolic ribosomes (cytoribosomes) are macromolecular ribonucleoprotein complexes that are assembled from ribosomal RNA and ribosomal proteins, which are essential for protein biosynthesis. Mitochondrial ribosomes (mitoribosomes) perform translation of the proteins essential for the oxidative phosphorylation system. The biogenesis of cytoribosomes and mitoribosomes includes ribosomal RNA processing, modification and binding to ribosomal proteins and is assisted by numerous biogenesis factors. This is a major energy-consuming process in the cell and, therefore, is highly coordinated and sensitive to several cellular stressors. In mitochondria, the regulation of mitoribosome biogenesis is essential for cellular respiration, a process linked to cell growth and proliferation. This review briefly overviews the key stages of cytosolic and mitochondrial ribosome biogenesis; summarizes the main steps of ribosome biogenesis alterations occurring during tumorigenesis, highlighting the changes in the expression level of cytosolic ribosomal proteins (CRPs) and mitochondrial ribosomal proteins (MRPs) in different types of tumors; focuses on the currently available information regarding the extra-ribosomal functions of CRPs and MRPs correlated to cancer; and discusses the role of CRPs and MRPs as biomarkers and/or molecular targets in cancer treatment.
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Bury M, Le Calvé B, Ferbeyre G, Blank V, Lessard F. New Insights into CDK Regulators: Novel Opportunities for Cancer Therapy. Trends Cell Biol 2021; 31:331-344. [PMID: 33676803 DOI: 10.1016/j.tcb.2021.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2020] [Revised: 01/28/2021] [Accepted: 01/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Cyclins and their catalytic partners, the cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs), control the transition between different phases of the cell cycle. CDK/cyclin activity is regulated by CDK inhibitors (CKIs), currently comprising the CDK-interacting protein/kinase inhibitory protein (CIP/KIP) family and the inhibitor of kinase (INK) family. Recent studies have identified a third group of CKIs, called ribosomal protein-inhibiting CDKs (RPICs). RPICs were discovered in the context of cellular senescence, a stable cell cycle arrest with tumor-suppressing abilities. RPICs accumulate in the nonribosomal fraction of senescent cells due to a decrease in rRNA biogenesis. Accordingly, RPICs are often downregulated in human cancers together with other ribosomal proteins, the tumor-suppressor functions of which are still under study. In this review, we discuss unique therapies that have been developed to target CDK activity in the context of cancer treatment or senescence-associated pathologies, providing novel tools for precision medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Bury
- De Duve Institute, UCLouvain, 1200 Brussels, Belgium
| | | | - Gerardo Ferbeyre
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC, H3C 3J7, Canada.
| | - Volker Blank
- Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Departments of Medicine and Physiology, McGill University, Montreal, QC, H3T 1E2, Canada.
| | - Frédéric Lessard
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC, H3C 3J7, Canada.
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Savva L, Georgiades SN. Recent Developments in Small-Molecule Ligands of Medicinal Relevance for Harnessing the Anticancer Potential of G-Quadruplexes. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26040841. [PMID: 33562720 PMCID: PMC7914483 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26040841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2021] [Revised: 02/01/2021] [Accepted: 02/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
G-quadruplexes, a family of tetraplex helical nucleic acid topologies, have emerged in recent years as novel targets, with untapped potential for anticancer research. Their potential stems from the fact that G-quadruplexes occur in functionally-important regions of the human genome, such as the telomere tandem sequences, several proto-oncogene promoters, other regulatory regions and sequences of DNA (e.g., rDNA), as well as in mRNAs encoding for proteins with roles in tumorigenesis. Modulation of G-quadruplexes, via interaction with high-affinity ligands, leads to their stabilization, with numerous observed anticancer effects. Despite the fact that only a few lead compounds for G-quadruplex modulation have progressed to clinical trials so far, recent advancements in the field now create conditions that foster further development of drug candidates. This review highlights biological processes through which G-quadruplexes can exert their anticancer effects and describes, via selected case studies, progress of the last few years on the development of efficient and drug-like G-quadruplex-targeted ligands, intended to harness the anticancer potential offered by G-quadruplexes. The review finally provides a critical discussion of perceived challenges and limitations that have previously hampered the progression of G-quadruplex-targeted lead compounds to clinical trials, concluding with an optimistic future outlook.
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Virgilio A, Esposito V, Pecoraro A, Russo A, Vellecco V, Pepe A, Bucci M, Russo G, Galeone A. Structural properties and anticoagulant/cytotoxic activities of heterochiral enantiomeric thrombin binding aptamer (TBA) derivatives. Nucleic Acids Res 2021; 48:12556-12565. [PMID: 33270863 PMCID: PMC7736819 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkaa1109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2020] [Revised: 10/09/2020] [Accepted: 11/30/2020] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
The thrombin binding aptamer (TBA) possesses promising antiproliferative properties. However, its development as an anticancer agent is drastically impaired by its concomitant anticoagulant activity. Therefore, suitable chemical modifications in the TBA sequence would be required in order to preserve its antiproliferative over anticoagulant activity. In this paper, we report structural investigations, based on circular dichroism (CD) and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (NMR), and biological evaluation of four pairs of enantiomeric heterochiral TBA analogues. The four TBA derivatives of the d-series are composed by d-residues except for one l-thymidine in the small TT loops, while their four enantiomers are composed by l-residues except for one d-thymidine in the same TT loop region. Apart from the left-handedness for the l-series TBA derivatives, CD and NMR measurements have shown that all TBA analogues are able to adopt the antiparallel, monomolecular, ‘chair-like’ G-quadruplex structure characteristic of the natural D-TBA. However, although all eight TBA derivatives are endowed with remarkable cytotoxic activities against colon and lung cancer cell lines, only TBA derivatives of the l-series show no anticoagulant activity and are considerably resistant in biological environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonella Virgilio
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II, Via Domenico Montesano 49, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Veronica Esposito
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II, Via Domenico Montesano 49, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Annalisa Pecoraro
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II, Via Domenico Montesano 49, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Annapina Russo
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II, Via Domenico Montesano 49, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Valentina Vellecco
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II, Via Domenico Montesano 49, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Antonietta Pepe
- Department of Sciences, University of Basilicata, Viale dell'Ateneo Lucano 10, I-85100 Potenza, Italy
| | - Mariarosaria Bucci
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II, Via Domenico Montesano 49, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Giulia Russo
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II, Via Domenico Montesano 49, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Aldo Galeone
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II, Via Domenico Montesano 49, 80131 Naples, Italy
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S-Adenosyl-l-Methionine Overcomes uL3-Mediated Drug Resistance in p53 Deleted Colon Cancer Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 22:ijms22010103. [PMID: 33374288 PMCID: PMC7795960 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22010103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2020] [Revised: 12/17/2020] [Accepted: 12/17/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose: In order to study novel therapeutic approaches taking advantage of natural compounds showing anticancer and anti-proliferative effects, we focused our interest on S-adenosyl-l-methionine, a naturally occurring sulfur-containing nucleoside synthesized from adenosine triphosphate and methionine by methionine adenosyltransferase, and its potential in overcoming drug resistance in colon cancer cells devoid of p53. Results: In the present study, we demonstrated that S-adenosyl-l-methionine overcomes uL3-mediated drug resistance in p53 deleted colon cancer cells. In particular, we demonstrated that S-adenosyl-l-methionine causes cell cycle arrest at the S phase; inhibits autophagy; augments reactive oxygen species; and induces apoptosis in these cancer cells. Conclusions: Results reported in this paper led us to propose S-adenosyl-l-methionine as a potential promising agent for cancer therapy by examining p53 and uL3 profiles in tumors to yield a better clinical outcomes.
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Pecoraro A, Pagano M, Russo G, Russo A. Role of Autophagy in Cancer Cell Response to Nucleolar and Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21197334. [PMID: 33020404 PMCID: PMC7582989 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21197334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2020] [Revised: 09/29/2020] [Accepted: 10/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Eukaryotic cells are exposed to many internal and external stimuli that affect their fate. In particular, the exposure to some of these stimuli induces stress triggering a variety of stress responses aimed to re-establish cellular homeostasis. It is now established that the deregulation of stress response pathways plays a central role in cancer initiation and progression, allowing the adaptation of cells to an altered state in the new environment. Autophagy is a tightly regulated pathway which exerts “housekeeping” role in physiological processes. Recently, a growing amount of evidence highlighted the crucial role of autophagy in the regulation of integrated stress responses, including nucleolar and endoplasmic reticulum. In this review, we attempt to afford an overview of the complex role of nucleolar and endoplasmic reticulum stress-response mechanisms in the regulation of autophagy in cancer and cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Giulia Russo
- Correspondence: (G.R.); (A.R.); Tel.: +39-081-678415 (G.R.); +39-081-678414 (A.R.)
| | - Annapina Russo
- Correspondence: (G.R.); (A.R.); Tel.: +39-081-678415 (G.R.); +39-081-678414 (A.R.)
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Kilic-Kurt Z, Aka Y, Kutuk O. Novel pyrrolopyrimidine derivatives induce p53-independent apoptosis via the mitochondrial pathway in colon cancer cells. Chem Biol Interact 2020; 330:109236. [PMID: 32866467 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2020.109236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2020] [Revised: 08/10/2020] [Accepted: 08/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
A series of novel pyrrolopyrimidine urea derivatives were synthesized and evaluated for their anticancer activity against colon cancer cell lines. Compounds showed the remarkable cytotoxic activity on HCT-116 wt cell line. The most potent compound 4c (IC50 = 0.14 μM) induced apoptosis in HCT-116 wt and HCT-116 p53-/- cell lines. Otherwise, treatment of HCT-116 BAX-/-BAK-/- cells with compound 4c didn't lead to activation of apoptosis, suggesting that compound 4c induces apoptotic cell death by activating BAX/BAK-dependent pathway. Moreover, while the compound 4c increase the activation of caspase-3 and caspase-9 levels in HCT-116 wt and HCT-116 p53-/- cells, caspase-3 or caspase-9 activation was not observed in HCT-116 BAX-/-BAK-/- cells. In addition, compound 4c induced mitochondrial apoptosis in cells grown as oncospheroids, which better mimic the in vivo milieu of tumors. 4c treatment also activated JNK along with inhibition of prosurvival kinases such as Akt and ERK 1/2 in HCT-116 wt and HCT-116 p53 -/- cells as well as in HCT-116 BAX-/-BAK-/- cells. Notably, our results indicated that compound 4c induced mitochondrial apoptosis through activation p53-independent apoptotic signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zühal Kilic-Kurt
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey.
| | - Yeliz Aka
- Baskent University School of Medicine, Department of Immunology, Adana Dr. Turgut Noyan Medical and Research Center, Adana, Turkey
| | - Ozgur Kutuk
- Baskent University School of Medicine, Department of Immunology, Adana Dr. Turgut Noyan Medical and Research Center, Adana, Turkey
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