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Dantas-Berto ILO, Viana RLS, de Medeiros MJC, Nobre LTDB, Luchiari AC, Medeiros VP, Paiva WS, Melo-Silveira RF, Rocha HAO. Toward Enhanced Antioxidant and Protective Potential: Conjugation of Corn Cob Xylan with Gallic Acid as a Novel Approach. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:2855. [PMID: 38474103 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25052855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2024] [Revised: 02/14/2024] [Accepted: 02/17/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Maize ranks as the second most widely produced crop globally, yielding approximately 1.2 billion tons, with corn cob being its primary byproduct, constituting 18 kg per 100 kg of corn. Agricultural corn production generates bioactive polysaccharide-rich byproducts, including xylan (Xyl). In this study, we used the redox method to modify corn cob xylan with gallic acid, aiming to enhance its antioxidant and protective capacity against oxidative stress. The conjugation process resulted in a new molecule termed conjugated xylan-gallic acid (Xyl-GA), exhibiting notable improvements in various antioxidant parameters, including total antioxidant capacity (1.4-fold increase), reducing power (1.2-fold increase), hydroxyl radical scavenging (1.6-fold increase), and cupric chelation (27.5-fold increase) when compared with unmodified Xyl. At a concentration of 1 mg/mL, Xyl-GA demonstrated no cytotoxicity, significantly increased fibroblast cell viability (approximately 80%), and effectively mitigated intracellular ROS levels (reduced by 100%) following oxidative damage induced by H2O2. Furthermore, Xyl-GA exhibited non-toxicity toward zebrafish embryos, offered protection against H2O2-induced stress, and reduced the rate of cells undergoing apoptosis resulting from H2O2 exposure. In conclusion, our findings suggest that Xyl-GA possesses potential therapeutic value in addressing oxidative stress-related disturbances. Further investigations are warranted to elucidate the molecular structure of this novel compound and establish correlations with its pharmacological activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabelle Luna Oliveira Dantas-Berto
- Graduate Program of Health Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN), Natal 59078-970, RN, Brazil
- Laboratory of Biotechnology of Natural Polymers (BIOPOL), Graduate Program of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Bioscience Center, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte-UFRN, Natal 59078-970, RN, Brazil
| | - Rony Lucas Silva Viana
- Laboratory of Biotechnology of Natural Polymers (BIOPOL), Graduate Program of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Bioscience Center, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte-UFRN, Natal 59078-970, RN, Brazil
| | - Mayara Jane Campos de Medeiros
- Coordination Chemistry and Polymers Laboratory (LQCPol), Department of Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN), Natal 59078-970, RN, Brazil
| | - Leonardo Thiago Duarte Barreto Nobre
- Laboratory of Biotechnology of Natural Polymers (BIOPOL), Graduate Program of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Bioscience Center, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte-UFRN, Natal 59078-970, RN, Brazil
| | - Ana Carolina Luchiari
- Laboratory of Ornamental Fish, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal 59078-970, RN, Brazil
| | | | - Weslley Souza Paiva
- Laboratory of Biotechnology of Natural Polymers (BIOPOL), Graduate Program of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Bioscience Center, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte-UFRN, Natal 59078-970, RN, Brazil
| | - Raniere Fagundes Melo-Silveira
- Laboratory of Biotechnology of Natural Polymers (BIOPOL), Graduate Program of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Bioscience Center, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte-UFRN, Natal 59078-970, RN, Brazil
| | - Hugo Alexandre Oliveira Rocha
- Graduate Program of Health Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN), Natal 59078-970, RN, Brazil
- Laboratory of Biotechnology of Natural Polymers (BIOPOL), Graduate Program of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Bioscience Center, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte-UFRN, Natal 59078-970, RN, Brazil
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2
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Hazal F, Özbek HN, Göğüş F, Yanık DK. The green novel approach in hydrolysis of pistachio shell into xylose by microwave-assisted high-pressure CO 2 /H 2 O. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2024; 104:116-124. [PMID: 37549219 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.12904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2023] [Revised: 06/14/2023] [Accepted: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 08/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pistachio shell is a valuable lignocellulosic biomass because almost 90% of its hemicellulose fraction is xylan, which can be converted into high value-added compounds such as xylooligosaccarides, xylose, xylitol and furfural. The present study represents a green and novel approach to produce xylose from lignocellulosic biomass. Microwave-assisted high-pressure CO2 /H2 O hydrolysis (MW-HPCO2 ) comprising a combination never previously used was performed to produce xylose from pistachio shell. RESULTS Response surface methodology with a Box-Behnken design was implemented to optimize microwave-assisted high-pressure CO2 /H2 O hydrolysis (MW-HPCO2 ). The effect of temperature, time and liquid-to-solid ratio was studied in the ranges of 180-210 °C, 10-30 min and 5-30 mL g-1 , respectively. A maximum xylose yield of 61.39% and minimum degradation compounds (5-hydroxymethyl furfural and furfural) of 11.07% were attained under reaction conditions of 190 °C, 30 min and 18 mL g-1 . CONCLUSION The results showed that hydrolysis temperature, time and liquid-to-solid ratio had a strong influence on the xylose yield, as well as on the formation of degradation compounds. MW-HPCO2 significantly increased accessibility to cellulose-derived products in the subsequent enzymatic hydrolysis. The results of the present study reveal that MW-HPCO2 can be a promising green technique for the hydrolysis of lignocellulosic biomass. © 2023 The Authors. Journal of The Science of Food and Agriculture published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Filiz Hazal
- Department of Food Engineering, Engineering Faculty, University of Gaziantep, Gaziantep, Turkey
| | - Hatice Neval Özbek
- Department of Food Engineering, Engineering Faculty, University of Gaziantep, Gaziantep, Turkey
| | - Fahrettin Göğüş
- Department of Food Engineering, Engineering Faculty, University of Gaziantep, Gaziantep, Turkey
| | - Derya Koçak Yanık
- Department of Food Engineering, Faculty of Agriculture, Eskisehir Osmangazi University, Eskisehir, Turkey
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Kaur N. An innovative outlook on utilization of agro waste in fabrication of functional nanoparticles for industrial and biological applications: A review. Talanta 2024; 267:125114. [PMID: 37683321 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2023.125114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2023] [Revised: 08/15/2023] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023]
Abstract
The burning of an agro waste residue causes air pollution, global warming and lethal effects. To overcome these obstacles, the transformation of agro waste into nanoparticles (NPs) reduces industrial expenses and amplifies environmental sustainability. The concept of green nanotechnology is considered as a versatile tool for the development of valuable products. Although a plethora of literature on the NPs is available, but, still scientists are exploring to design more novel particles possessing unique shape and properties. So, this review basically summarises about the synthesis, characterizations, advantages and outcomes of the various agro waste derived NPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Navpreet Kaur
- Department of Bioinformatics, Goswami Ganesh Dutta Sanatan Dharma College, Sector 32 C, Chandigarh, India.
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Minhas LA, Kaleem M, Jabeen A, Ullah N, Farooqi HMU, Kamal A, Inam F, Alrefaei AF, Almutairi MH, Mumtaz AS. Synthesis of Silver Oxide Nanoparticles: A Novel Approach for Antimicrobial Properties and Biomedical Performance, Featuring Nodularia haraviana from the Cholistan Desert. Microorganisms 2023; 11:2544. [PMID: 37894202 PMCID: PMC10609251 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11102544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2023] [Revised: 10/07/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Nanoparticles have emerged as a prominent area of research in recent times, and silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) synthesized via phyco-technology have gained significant attention due to their potential therapeutic applications. Nodularia haraviana, a unique and lesser-explored cyanobacterial strain, holds substantial promise as a novel candidate for synthesizing nanoparticles. This noticeable research gap underscores the novelty and untapped potential of Nodularia haraviana in applied nanotechnology. A range of analytical techniques, including UV-vis spectral analysis, dynamic light scattering spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and X-ray powder diffraction, were used to investigate and characterize the AgNPs. Successful synthesis of AgNPs was confirmed through UV-visible spectroscopy, which showed a surface plasmon resonance peak at 428 nm. The crystalline size of AgNPs was 24.1 nm. Dynamic light scattering analysis revealed that silver oxide nanoparticles had 179.3 nm diameters and a negative surface charge of -18 mV. Comprehensive in vitro pharmacogenetic properties revealed that AgNPs have significant therapeutic potential. The antimicrobial properties of AgNPs were evaluated by determining the minimum inhibitory concentration against various microbial strains. Dose-dependent cytotoxicity assays were performed on Leishmanial promastigotes (IC50: 18.71 μgmL-1), amastigotes (IC50: 38.6 μgmL-1), and brine shrimps (IC50: 134.1 μg mL-1) using various concentrations of AgNPs. The findings of this study revealed that AgNPs had significant antioxidant results (DPPH: 57.5%, TRP: 55.4%, TAC: 61%) and enzyme inhibition potential against protein kinase (ZOI: 17.11 mm) and alpha-amylase (25.3%). Furthermore, biocompatibility tests were performed against macrophages (IC50: >395 μg mL-1) and human RBCs (IC50: 2124 μg mL-1). This study showed that phyco-synthesized AgNPs were less toxic and could be used in multiple biological applications, including drug design and in the pharmaceutical and biomedical industries. This study offers valuable insights and paves the way for further advancements in AgNPs research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lubna Anjum Minhas
- Department of Plant Sciences, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad 45320, Pakistan; (L.A.M.); (M.K.); (A.J.); (F.I.)
| | - Muhammad Kaleem
- Department of Plant Sciences, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad 45320, Pakistan; (L.A.M.); (M.K.); (A.J.); (F.I.)
| | - Amber Jabeen
- Department of Plant Sciences, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad 45320, Pakistan; (L.A.M.); (M.K.); (A.J.); (F.I.)
| | - Nabi Ullah
- Department of Plant Sciences, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad 45320, Pakistan; (L.A.M.); (M.K.); (A.J.); (F.I.)
| | - Hafiz Muhammad Umer Farooqi
- Board of Governors Regenerative Medicine Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, West Hollywood, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
| | - Asif Kamal
- Department of Plant Sciences, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad 45320, Pakistan; (L.A.M.); (M.K.); (A.J.); (F.I.)
| | - Farooq Inam
- Department of Plant Sciences, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad 45320, Pakistan; (L.A.M.); (M.K.); (A.J.); (F.I.)
| | - Abdulwahed Fahad Alrefaei
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia (M.H.A.)
| | - Mikhlid H. Almutairi
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia (M.H.A.)
| | - Abdul Samad Mumtaz
- Department of Plant Sciences, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad 45320, Pakistan; (L.A.M.); (M.K.); (A.J.); (F.I.)
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5
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Song Z, Xiong X, Huang G. Ultrasound-assisted extraction and characteristics of maize polysaccharides from different sites. ULTRASONICS SONOCHEMISTRY 2023; 95:106416. [PMID: 37094477 PMCID: PMC10160789 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2023.106416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2023] [Revised: 04/08/2023] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Antitumor, antioxidant, hypoglycemic, and immunomodulatory properties are all exhibited by maize polysaccharides. With the increasing sophistication of maize polysaccharide extraction methods, enzymatic method is no longer limited to a single enzyme to extract polysaccharides, and is more often used in combination with ultrasound or microwave, or combination with different enzymes. Ultrasound has a good cell wall-breaking effect, making it easier to dislodge lignin and hemicellulose from the cellulose surface of the maize husk. The "water extraction and alcohol precipitation" method is the simplest but most resource- and time-consuming process. However, the "ultrasound-assisted extraction" and "microwave-assisted extraction" methods not only compensate for the shortcoming, but also increase the extraction rate. Herein, the preparation, structural analysis, and activities of maize polysaccharides were analyzed and discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zongyan Song
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Science and Engineering, Chongqing Normal University, Chongqing 401331, China
| | - Xiong Xiong
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Science and Engineering, Chongqing Normal University, Chongqing 401331, China
| | - Gangliang Huang
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Science and Engineering, Chongqing Normal University, Chongqing 401331, China.
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6
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Ulvan as a Reducing Agent for the Green Synthesis of Silver Nanoparticles: A Novel Mouthwash. INORGANICS 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/inorganics11010005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The antibacterial activity of an Ulvan-based silver nanoparticle (AgNP) system was evaluated in the current study. The green synthesis of biogenic silver nanoparticles was conducted using Ulvan, a sulphated polysaccharide extracted from Ulva lactuca. A novel mouthwash containing AgNPs was prepared, and tested for its efficacy and safety. AgNPs were confirmed with spectrophotometric analysis (UV–A visible spectrophotometer), and the characterisation was established with Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The AgNPs were spherical, and their average size was 8–33 nm, as shown via TEM. The antioxidant assay was conducted via DDPH assay, wherein the AgNPs, at a concentration of 50 μL/mL, showed 93.15% inhibition. Furthermore, anticancer activity was tested by evaluating the cell viability utilising the method of an MTT assay on the 3T3-L1 cell lines. AgNPs, at 30 µL/mL, showed maximal cell viability, denoting no cytotoxic effect. The silver-nanoparticle-based mouthrinse, at a concentration of 100 µL/mL, demonstrated antimicrobial activity against Streptococcus mutans, Staphylococcus aureus, Lactobacillus, and Candida albicans. This study shows that mouthwash prepared from the Ulvan-silver nanoparticle system could be a nontoxic and effective oral antimicrobial agent.
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Sakthi Devi R, Girigoswami A, Siddharth M, Girigoswami K. Applications of Gold and Silver Nanoparticles in Theranostics. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2022; 194:4187-4219. [PMID: 35551613 PMCID: PMC9099041 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-022-03963-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2022] [Accepted: 05/02/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Nanotechnology sculptures the current scenario of science and technology. The word nano refers 'small' which ranges from 10 to 100 nm in size. Silver and gold nanoparticles can be synthesized at nanoscale and have unique biological properties like antibacterial, antifungal, antiviral, antiparasitic, antiplatelet, anti-inflammatory, and anti-tumor activity. In this mini review, we shall discuss the various applications of silver and gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) in the field of therapy, imaging, biomedical devices and in cancer diagnosis. The usage of silver nanoparticles(AgNPs) in dentistry and dental implants, therapeutic abilities like wound dressings, silver impregnated catheters, ventricular drainage catheters, combating orthopedic infections, and osteointegration will be elaborated. Gold nanoparticles in recent years have garnered large importance in bio medical applications. They are being used in diagnosis and have recently seen a surge in therapeutics. In this mini review, we shall see about the various applications of AuNP and AgNP, and highlight their evolution in theranostics.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Sakthi Devi
- Medical Bionanotechnology, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Chettinad Hospital and Research Institute, Chettinad Academy of Research and Education, Chettinad Health City, Kelambakkam, Tamilnadu, 603103, India
| | - Agnishwar Girigoswami
- Medical Bionanotechnology, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Chettinad Hospital and Research Institute, Chettinad Academy of Research and Education, Chettinad Health City, Kelambakkam, Tamilnadu, 603103, India
| | - M Siddharth
- Medical Bionanotechnology, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Chettinad Hospital and Research Institute, Chettinad Academy of Research and Education, Chettinad Health City, Kelambakkam, Tamilnadu, 603103, India
| | - Koyeli Girigoswami
- Medical Bionanotechnology, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Chettinad Hospital and Research Institute, Chettinad Academy of Research and Education, Chettinad Health City, Kelambakkam, Tamilnadu, 603103, India.
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8
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Hano C, Abbasi BH. Plant-Based Green Synthesis of Nanoparticles: Production, Characterization and Applications. Biomolecules 2021; 12:31. [PMID: 35053179 PMCID: PMC8773616 DOI: 10.3390/biom12010031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2021] [Accepted: 12/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Nanotechnology is a fast-expanding and multidisciplinary field with many applications in science and technology [...].
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Affiliation(s)
- Christophe Hano
- Laboratoire de Biologie des Ligneux et des Grandes Cultures (LBLGC), INRAE USC1328, Eure et Loir Campus, Université d’Orléans, 28000 Chartres, France
| | - Bilal Haider Abbasi
- Department of Biotechnology, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad 45320, Pakistan
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Lotfali E, Ghasemi R, Fattahi A, Keymaram M, Shafiei M, Norouzi M, Ayatollahi A. Activities of Nanoparticles Against Fluconazole-Resistant Candida parapsilosis in Clinical Isolates. Assay Drug Dev Technol 2021; 19:501-507. [PMID: 34767723 DOI: 10.1089/adt.2021.080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Candida parapsilosis is a non-albicans Candida spp. associated with bloodstream infections in critically ill patients. Failure to treat it effectively due to delay in diagnosis often leads to serious illnessess. The present research aimed to investigate the antifungal activities of nanoparticles (NPs) against fluconazole-resistant C. parapsilosis strains. Ten strains were used from archived clinical isolates. Antifungal activities of NPs were examined based on the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (M27-A3/S4) guideline. The morphological changes of strains exposed to each NP were observed by scanning electron microscope (SEM). The effect of NP on the membrane permeability of C. parapsilosis and the viability of the cells was assessed using the confocal laser scanning microscopy and 3-(4,5-Dimethyl-2-thiazolyl)-2,5-diphenyl-2H-tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay, respectively. The cytotoxicity was evaluated against three mammalian cell lines. Minimum Inhibitory Concentration of NPs of 10 strains was in the concentration range of 0.5-4 μg/mL; these results were confirmed with the viability test. The antifungal activity of synthesized silver NPs (AgNPs) against resistant C. parapsilosis was greater in comparison with the gold NPs (AuNPs). The SEM images indicated a difference in the fungal morphology of the fungi. The propidium iodide uptake by C. parapsilosis cells showed concentration-dependent mortality in NPs treatment with a confocal laser scanning microscope. There was a notable difference (p < 0.01) in the cell viability in the concentration range of 0.5-4 μg/mL between NPs based on the MTT assay. In addition, these NPs exhibited very low toxicity for three mammalian cell lines, specially at 0.5 μg/mL. AgNPs and AuNPs had fungicidal activities against fluconazole-resistant C. parapsilosis strains. It is crucial to have knowledge based on fundamental research to find new ways to overcome resistant microorganisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ensieh Lotfali
- Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Reza Ghasemi
- Student Research Committee, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Azam Fattahi
- Center for Research and Training in Skin Diseases and Leprosy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahyar Keymaram
- Department of Mycology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Shafiei
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran
| | - Maryam Norouzi
- Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Azin Ayatollahi
- Center for Research and Training in Skin Diseases and Leprosy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Naikoo GA, Mustaqeem M, Hassan IU, Awan T, Arshad F, Salim H, Qurashi A. Bioinspired and green synthesis of nanoparticles from plant extracts with antiviral and antimicrobial properties: A critical review. JOURNAL OF SAUDI CHEMICAL SOCIETY 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jscs.2021.101304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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11
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Kammona O, Tsanaktsidou E. Nanotechnology-aided diagnosis, treatment and prevention of leishmaniasis. Int J Pharm 2021; 605:120761. [PMID: 34081999 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2021.120761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2021] [Revised: 05/10/2021] [Accepted: 05/27/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Leishmaniasis is a prevalent parasitic infection belonging to neglected tropical diseases. It is caused by Leishmania protozoan parasites transmitted by sandflies and it is responsible for increased morbidity/mortality especially in low- and middle-income countries. The lack of cheap, portable, easy to use diagnostic tools exhibiting high efficiency and specificity impede the early diagnosis of the disease. Furthermore, the typical anti-leishmanial agents are cytotoxic, characterized by low patient compliance and require long-term regimen and usually hospitalization. In addition, due to the intracellular nature of the disease, the existing treatments exhibit low bioavailability resulting in low therapeutic efficacy. The above, combined with the common development of resistance against the anti-leishmanial agents, denote the urgent need for novel therapeutic strategies. Furthermore, the lack of effective prophylactic vaccines hinders the control of the disease. The development of nanoparticle-based biosensors and nanocarrier-aided treatment and vaccination strategies could advance the diagnosis, therapy and prevention of leishmaniasis. The present review intends to highlight the various nanotechnology-based approaches pursued until now to improve the detection of Leishmania species in biological samples, decrease the side effects and increase the efficacy of anti-leishmanial drugs, and induce enhanced immune responses, specifically focusing on the outcome of their preclinical and clinical evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga Kammona
- Chemical Process and Energy Resources Institute, Centre for Research and Technology Hellas, P.O. Box 60361, 57001 Thessaloniki, Greece.
| | - Evgenia Tsanaktsidou
- Chemical Process and Energy Resources Institute, Centre for Research and Technology Hellas, P.O. Box 60361, 57001 Thessaloniki, Greece
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12
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Arshad H, Sami MA, Sadaf S, Hassan U. Salvadora persica mediated synthesis of silver nanoparticles and their antimicrobial efficacy. Sci Rep 2021; 11:5996. [PMID: 33727607 PMCID: PMC7966387 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-85584-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2020] [Accepted: 03/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) exhibit strong antimicrobial properties against many pathogens. Traditionally employed chemical methods for AgNPs synthesis are toxic for the environment. Here, we report a quicker, simpler, and environmentally benign process to synthesize AgNPs by using an aqueous 'root extract' of Salvadora persica (Sp) plant as a reducing agent. The synthesized Salvadora persica nano particles (SpNPs) showed significantly higher antimicrobial efficacy compared to earlier reported studies. We characterized SpNPs using UV-Vis spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM), Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FE-SEM), Dynamic Light Scattering (DLS) and X-ray powder diffraction (P-XRD). UV-Vis spectrum showed the highest absorbance at 420 nm. FTIR analysis depicts presence of bond stretching including OH- (3300 cm-1), C=N- (2100 cm-1) and NH- (1630 cm-1) which are attributed in the involvement of phenolics, proteins or nitrogenous compounds in reduction and stabilization of AgNPs. TEM, FE-SEM and DLS analysis revealed the spherical and rod nature of SpNPs and an average size of particles as 37.5 nm. XRD analysis showed the presence of the cubic structure of Ag which confirmed the synthesis of silver nanoparticles. To demonstrate antimicrobial efficacy, we evaluated SpNPs antimicrobial activity against two bacterial pathogens (Escherichia coli (ATCC 11229) and Staphylococcus epidermidis (ATCC 12228)). SpNPs showed a significantly high inhibition for both pathogens and minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) were found to be 0.39 µg/mL and 0.78 µg/mL for E. coli while 0.19 µg/mL and 0.39 µg/mL for S. epidermidis respectively. Further, Syto 16 staining of bacterial cells provided a supplemental confirmation of the antimicrobial efficacy as the bacterial cells treated with SpNPs stop to fluoresce compared to the untreated bacterial cells. Our highly potent SpNPs will likely have a great potential for many antimicrobial applications including wound healing, water purification, air filtering and other biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hammad Arshad
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, School of Engineering, Rutgers The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ, USA
- Department of Biology, Lahore Garrison University, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad A Sami
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, School of Engineering, Rutgers The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ, USA
| | - Saima Sadaf
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Umer Hassan
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, School of Engineering, Rutgers The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ, USA.
- Global Health Institute, Rutgers The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, USA.
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13
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Fahmy SA, Preis E, Bakowsky U, Azzazy HMES. Platinum Nanoparticles: Green Synthesis and Biomedical Applications. Molecules 2020; 25:E4981. [PMID: 33126464 PMCID: PMC7662215 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25214981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2020] [Revised: 10/22/2020] [Accepted: 10/26/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Platinum nanoparticles (PtNPs) have superior physicochemical properties and great potential in biomedical applications. Eco-friendly and economic approaches for the synthesis of PtNPs have been developed to overcome the shortcomings of the traditional physical and chemical methods. Various biogenic entities have been utilized in the green synthesis of PtNPs, including mainly plant extracts, algae, fungi bacteria, and their biomedical effects were assessed. Other biological derivatives have been used in the synthesis of PtNPs such as egg yolk, sheep milk, honey, and bovine serum albumin protein. The green approaches for the synthesis of PtNPs have reduced the reaction time, the energy required, and offered ambient conditions of fabrication. This review highlights the state-of-the-art methods used for green synthesis of PtNPs, synthesis parameters, and their reported biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sherif Ashraf Fahmy
- Department of Chemistry, School of Sciences & Engineering, The American University in Cairo, AUC Avenue, P.O. Box 74, New Cairo 11835, Egypt;
- School of Pharmacy, University of Hertfordshire-Egypt hosted by GAF, R5 New Garden City, New Administrative Capital AL109AB, Cairo 11835, Egypt
| | - Eduard Preis
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Biopharmaceutics, University of Marburg, Robert-Koch-Str. 4, 35037 Marburg, Germany;
| | - Udo Bakowsky
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Biopharmaceutics, University of Marburg, Robert-Koch-Str. 4, 35037 Marburg, Germany;
| | - Hassan Mohamed El-Said Azzazy
- Department of Chemistry, School of Sciences & Engineering, The American University in Cairo, AUC Avenue, P.O. Box 74, New Cairo 11835, Egypt;
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