1
|
Alavi MS, Soheili V, Roohbakhsh A. The role of transient receptor potential (TRP) channels in phagocytosis: A comprehensive review. Eur J Pharmacol 2024; 964:176302. [PMID: 38154767 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2023.176302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2023] [Revised: 12/15/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 12/30/2023]
Abstract
When host cells are exposed to foreign particles, dead cells, or cell hazards, a sophisticated process called phagocytosis begins. During this process, macrophages, dendritic cells, and neutrophils engulf the target by expanding their membranes. Phagocytosis of apoptotic cells is called efferocytosis. This process is of significant importance as billions of cells are eliminated daily without provoking inflammation. Both phagocytosis and efferocytosis depend on Ca2+ signaling. A big family of Ca2+ permeable channels is transient receptor potentials (TRPs) divided into nine subfamilies. We aimed to review their roles in phagocytosis. The present review article shows that various TRP channels such as TRPV1, 2, 3, 4, TRPM2, 4, 7, 8, TRPML1, TRPA1, TRPC1, 3, 5, 6 have roles at various stages of phagocytosis. They are involved in the phagocytosis of amyloid β, α-synuclein, myelin debris, bacteria, and apoptotic cells. In particular, TRPC3 and TRPM7 contribute to efferocytosis. These effects are mediated by changing Ca2+ signaling or targeting intracellular enzymes such as Akt. In addition, they contribute to the chemotaxis of phagocytic cells towards targets. Although a limited number of studies have assessed the role of TRP channels in phagocytosis and efferocytosis, their findings indicate that they have critical roles in these processes. In some cases, their ablation completely abolished the phagocytic function of the cells. As a result, TRP channels are potential targets for developing new therapeutics that modulate phagocytosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mohaddeseh Sadat Alavi
- Pharmacological Research Center of Medicinal Plants, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Vahid Soheili
- Pharmaceutical Control Department, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Ali Roohbakhsh
- Pharmaceutical Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Department of Pharmacodynamics and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Kim B, Kim G, Kim H, Song YS, Jung J. Modulation of Cisplatin Sensitivity through TRPML1-Mediated Lysosomal Exocytosis in Ovarian Cancer Cells: A Comprehensive Metabolomic Approach. Cells 2024; 13:115. [PMID: 38247807 PMCID: PMC10814698 DOI: 10.3390/cells13020115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2023] [Revised: 01/02/2024] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The lysosome has emerged as a promising target for overcoming chemoresistance, owing to its role in facilitating the lysosomal sequestration of drugs. The lysosomal calcium channel TRPML1 not only influences lysosomal biogenesis but also coordinates both endocytosis and exocytosis. This study explored the modulation of cisplatin sensitivity by regulating TRPML1-mediated lysosomal exocytosis and identified the metabolomic profile altered by TRPML1 inhibition. METHODS We used four types of ovarian cancer cells: two cancer cell lines (OVCAR8 and TOV21G) and two patient-derived ovarian cancer cells. Metabolomic analyses were conducted to identify altered metabolites by TRPML1 inhibition. RESULTS Lysosomal exocytosis in response to cisplatin was observed in resistant cancer cells, whereas the phenomenon was absent in sensitive cancer cells. Through the pharmacological intervention of TRPML1, lysosomal exocytosis was interrupted, leading to the sensitization of resistant cancer cells to cisplatin treatment. To assess the impact of lysosomal exocytosis on chemoresistance, we conducted an untargeted metabolomic analysis on cisplatin-resistant ovarian cancer cells with TRPML1 inhibition. Among the 1446 differentially identified metabolites, we focused on 84 significant metabolites. Metabolite set analysis revealed their involvement in diverse pathways. CONCLUSIONS These findings collectively have the potential to enhance our understanding of the interplay between lysosomal exocytosis and chemoresistance, providing valuable insights for the development of innovative therapeutic strategies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Boyun Kim
- Department of SmartBio, College of Life and Health Science, Kyungsung University, Busan 48434, Republic of Korea; (B.K.); (G.K.)
| | - Gaeun Kim
- Department of SmartBio, College of Life and Health Science, Kyungsung University, Busan 48434, Republic of Korea; (B.K.); (G.K.)
| | - Heeyeon Kim
- WCU Biomodulation, Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea; (H.K.); (Y.S.S.)
- Cancer Research Institute, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong Sang Song
- WCU Biomodulation, Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea; (H.K.); (Y.S.S.)
- Cancer Research Institute, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Jewon Jung
- Department of SmartBio, College of Life and Health Science, Kyungsung University, Busan 48434, Republic of Korea; (B.K.); (G.K.)
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Boretto C, Actis C, Faris P, Cordero F, Beccuti M, Ferrero G, Muzio G, Moccia F, Autelli R. Tamoxifen Activates Transcription Factor EB and Triggers Protective Autophagy in Breast Cancer Cells by Inducing Lysosomal Calcium Release: A Gateway to the Onset of Endocrine Resistance. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 25:458. [PMID: 38203629 PMCID: PMC10779225 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25010458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Revised: 12/22/2023] [Accepted: 12/24/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Among the several mechanisms accounting for endocrine resistance in breast cancer, autophagy has emerged as an important player. Previous reports have evidenced that tamoxifen (Tam) induces autophagy and activates transcription factor EB (TFEB), which regulates the expression of genes controlling autophagy and lysosomal biogenesis. However, the mechanisms by which this occurs have not been elucidated as yet. This investigation aims at dissecting how TFEB is activated and contributes to Tam resistance in luminal A breast cancer cells. TFEB was overexpressed and prominently nuclear in Tam-resistant MCF7 cells (MCF7-TamR) compared with their parental counterpart, and this was not dependent on alterations of its nucleo-cytoplasmic shuttling. Tam promoted the release of lysosomal Ca2+ through the major transient receptor potential cation channel mucolipin subfamily member 1 (TRPML1) and two-pore channels (TPCs), which caused the nuclear translocation and activation of TFEB. Consistently, inhibiting lysosomal calcium release restored the susceptibility of MCF7-TamR cells to Tam. Our findings demonstrate that Tam drives the nuclear relocation and transcriptional activation of TFEB by triggering the release of Ca2+ from the acidic compartment, and they suggest that lysosomal Ca2+ channels may represent new druggable targets to counteract the onset of autophagy-mediated endocrine resistance in luminal A breast cancer cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cecilia Boretto
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, 10125 Turin, Italy; (C.B.); (C.A.); (G.F.); (G.M.)
| | - Chiara Actis
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, 10125 Turin, Italy; (C.B.); (C.A.); (G.F.); (G.M.)
| | - Pawan Faris
- Department of Brain and Behavioral Sciences, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy;
| | - Francesca Cordero
- Department of Computer Science, University of Turin, 10149 Turin, Italy; (F.C.); (M.B.)
| | - Marco Beccuti
- Department of Computer Science, University of Turin, 10149 Turin, Italy; (F.C.); (M.B.)
| | - Giulio Ferrero
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, 10125 Turin, Italy; (C.B.); (C.A.); (G.F.); (G.M.)
| | - Giuliana Muzio
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, 10125 Turin, Italy; (C.B.); (C.A.); (G.F.); (G.M.)
| | - Francesco Moccia
- Laboratory of General Physiology, Department of Biology and Biotechnology “L. Spallanzani”, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy;
| | - Riccardo Autelli
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, 10125 Turin, Italy; (C.B.); (C.A.); (G.F.); (G.M.)
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Davis LC, Morgan AJ, Galione A. Optical profiling of autonomous Ca 2+ nanodomains generated by lysosomal TPC2 and TRPML1. Cell Calcium 2023; 116:102801. [PMID: 37742482 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceca.2023.102801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2023] [Revised: 08/30/2023] [Accepted: 09/17/2023] [Indexed: 09/26/2023]
Abstract
Multiple families of Ca2+-permeable channels co-exist on lysosomal Ca2+ stores but how each family couples to its own unique downstream physiology is unclear. We have therefore investigated the Ca2+-signalling architecture underpinning different channels on the same vesicle that drive separate pathways, using phagocytosis as a physiological stimulus. Lysosomal Ca2+-channels are a major Ca2+ source driving particle uptake in macrophages, but different channels drive different aspects of Fc-receptor-mediated phagocytosis: TPC2 couples to dynamin activation, whilst TRPML1 couples to lysosomal exocytosis. We hypothesised that they are driven by discrete local plumes of Ca2+ around open channels (Ca2+ nanodomains). To test this, we optimized Ca2+-nanodomain recordings by screening panels of genetically encoded Ca2+ indicators (GECIs) fused to TPC2 to monitor the [Ca2+] next to the channel. Signal calibration accounting for the distance of the GECI from the channel mouth reveals that, during phagocytosis, TPC2 generates local Ca2+ nanodomains around itself of up to 42 µM, nearly a hundred-fold greater than the global cytosolic [Ca2+] rise. We further show that TPC2 and TRPML1, though on the same lysosomes, generate autonomous Ca2+ nanodomains of high [Ca2+] that are largely insulated from one another, a platform allowing their discrete Ca2+-decoding to promote unique respective physiologies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lianne C Davis
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Oxford, Mansfield Road, Oxford, OX1 3QT, UK
| | - Anthony J Morgan
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Oxford, Mansfield Road, Oxford, OX1 3QT, UK
| | - Antony Galione
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Oxford, Mansfield Road, Oxford, OX1 3QT, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Wang T, Qin Y, Ye Z, Jing DS, Fan GX, Liu MQ, Zhuo QF, Ji SR, Chen XM, Yu XJ, Xu XW, Li Z. A new glance at autophagolysosomal-dependent or -independent function of transcriptional factor EB in human cancer. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2023:10.1038/s41401-023-01078-7. [PMID: 37012494 PMCID: PMC10374590 DOI: 10.1038/s41401-023-01078-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2022] [Accepted: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 04/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Autophagy-lysosome system plays a variety of roles in human cancers. In addition to being implicated in metabolism, it is also involved in tumor immunity, remodeling the tumor microenvironment, vascular proliferation, and promoting tumor progression and metastasis. Transcriptional factor EB (TFEB) is a major regulator of the autophagy-lysosomal system. With the in-depth studies on TFEB, researchers have found that it promotes various cancer phenotypes by regulating the autophagolysosomal system, and even in an autophagy-independent way. In this review, we summarize the recent findings about TFEB in various types of cancer (melanoma, pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma, renal cell carcinoma, colorectal cancer, breast cancer, prostate cancer, ovarian cancer and lung cancer), and shed some light on the mechanisms by which it may serve as a potential target for cancer treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ting Wang
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Shanghai Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou, 213000, China
| | - Yi Qin
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Shanghai Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou, 213000, China
| | - Zeng Ye
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Shanghai Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - De-Sheng Jing
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Shanghai Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Gui-Xiong Fan
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Shanghai Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Meng-Qi Liu
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Shanghai Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Qi-Feng Zhuo
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Shanghai Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Shun-Rong Ji
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Shanghai Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Xue-Min Chen
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou, 213000, China
| | - Xian-Jun Yu
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, 200032, China.
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China.
- Shanghai Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Shanghai, 200032, China.
- Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China.
| | - Xiao-Wu Xu
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, 200032, China.
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China.
- Shanghai Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Shanghai, 200032, China.
- Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China.
| | - Zheng Li
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, 200032, China.
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China.
- Shanghai Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Shanghai, 200032, China.
- Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Wahl-Schott C, Freichel M, Hennis K, Philippaert K, Ottenheijm R, Tsvilovskyy V, Varbanov H. Characterization of Endo-Lysosomal Cation Channels Using Calcium Imaging. Handb Exp Pharmacol 2023; 278:277-304. [PMID: 36894791 DOI: 10.1007/164_2023_637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/11/2023]
Abstract
Endo-lysosomes are membrane-bound acidic organelles that are involved in endocytosis, recycling, and degradation of extracellular and intracellular material. The membranes of endo-lysosomes express several Ca2+-permeable cation ion channels, including two-pore channels (TPC1-3) and transient receptor potential mucolipin channels (TRPML1-3). In this chapter, we will describe four different state-of-the-art Ca2+ imaging approaches, which are well-suited to investigate the function of endo-lysosomal cation channels. These techniques include (1) global cytosolic Ca2+ measurements, (2) peri-endo-lysosomal Ca2+ imaging using genetically encoded Ca2+ sensors that are directed to the cytosolic endo-lysosomal membrane surface, (3) Ca2+ imaging of endo-lysosomal cation channels, which are engineered in order to redirect them to the plasma membrane in combination with approaches 1 and 2, and (4) Ca2+ imaging by directing Ca2+ indicators to the endo-lysosomal lumen. Moreover, we will review useful small molecules, which can be used as valuable tools for endo-lysosomal Ca2+ imaging. Rather than providing complete protocols, we will discuss specific methodological issues related to endo-lysosomal Ca2+ imaging.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christian Wahl-Schott
- Institut für Kardiovaskuläre Physiologie und Pathophysiologie, Lehrstuhl für Vegetative Physiologie, Biomedizinisches Zentrum, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, München, Germany.
| | - Marc Freichel
- Institute of Pharmacology, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany. .,DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Heidelberg/Mannheim, Germany.
| | - Konstantin Hennis
- Institut für Kardiovaskuläre Physiologie und Pathophysiologie, Lehrstuhl für Vegetative Physiologie, Biomedizinisches Zentrum, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, München, Germany
| | - Koenraad Philippaert
- Institute of Pharmacology, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany.,DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Heidelberg/Mannheim, Germany
| | - Roger Ottenheijm
- Institute of Pharmacology, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany.,DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Heidelberg/Mannheim, Germany
| | - Volodymyr Tsvilovskyy
- Institute of Pharmacology, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany.,DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Heidelberg/Mannheim, Germany
| | - Hristo Varbanov
- Institut für Neurophysiologie, Medizinische Hochschule Hannover(MHH), Hannover, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Lysosomes as a Target of Anticancer Therapy. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24032176. [PMID: 36768500 PMCID: PMC9916765 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24032176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2022] [Revised: 01/14/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Lysosomes are organelles containing acidic hydrolases that are responsible for lysosomal degradation and the maintenance of cellular homeostasis. They play an important role in autophagy, as well as in various cell death pathways, such as lysosomal and apoptotic death. Various agents, including drugs, can induce lysosomal membrane permeability, resulting in the translocation of acidic hydrolases into the cytoplasm, which promotes lysosomal-mediated death. This type of death may be of great importance in anti-cancer therapy, as both cancer cells with disturbed pathways leading to apoptosis and drug-resistant cells can undergo it. Important compounds that damage the lysosomal membrane include lysosomotropic compounds, antihistamines, immunosuppressants, DNA-damaging drugs, chemotherapeutics, photosensitizers and various plant compounds. An interesting approach in the treatment of cancer and the search for ways to overcome the chemoresistance of cancer cells may also be combining lysosomotropic compounds with targeted modulators of autophagy to induce cell death. These compounds may be an alternative in oncological treatment, and lysosomes may become a promising therapeutic target for many diseases, including cancer. Understanding the functional relationships between autophagy and apoptosis and the possibilities of their regulation, both in relation to normal and cancer cells, can be used to develop new and more effective anticancer therapies.
Collapse
|
8
|
Yan S, Huang Y, Xiao Q, Su Z, Xia L, Xie J, Zhang F, Du Z, Hou X, Deng J, Hao E. Regulation of transient receptor potential channels by traditional Chinese medicines and their active ingredients. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:1039412. [PMID: 36313301 PMCID: PMC9606675 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.1039412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2022] [Accepted: 09/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent years, activation of thermal transient receptor potential (TRP) ion channels at a range of temperatures has received widespread attention as a target for traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) to regulate body temperature and relieve pain. Discovery of transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 (TRPV1) was awarded a Nobel Prize, reflecting the importance of these channels. Here, the regulatory effects of TCMs and their active ingredients on TRP ion channels are reviewed, and future directions for research on the cold, hot, warm, cool, and neutral natures of TCMs are considered. In herbs with cold, hot, warm, cool, and neutral natures, we found 29 TCMs with regulatory effects on TRP ion channels, including Cinnamomi Cortex, Capsici Fructus, Rhei Radix et Rhizoma, Macleayae cordatae Herba, Menthae Haplocalycis Herba, and Rhodiolae Crenulatae Radix et Rhizoma. Although some progress has been made in understanding the regulation of TRP ion channels by TCMs and their ingredients, the molecular mechanism by which TCMs have this effect remains to be further studied. We hope this review will provide a reference for further research on the cold, hot, warm, cool, and neutral natures of TCMs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shidu Yan
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Efficacy Study on Chinese Materia Medica, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, Guangxi, China
- Guangxi Collaborative Innovation Center of Research on Functional Ingredients of Agricultural Residues, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, Guangxi, China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of TCM Formulas Theory and Transformation for Damp Diseases, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Yuchan Huang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Efficacy Study on Chinese Materia Medica, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, Guangxi, China
- Guangxi Collaborative Innovation Center of Research on Functional Ingredients of Agricultural Residues, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, Guangxi, China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of TCM Formulas Theory and Transformation for Damp Diseases, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Qian Xiao
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Efficacy Study on Chinese Materia Medica, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, Guangxi, China
- Guangxi Collaborative Innovation Center of Research on Functional Ingredients of Agricultural Residues, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, Guangxi, China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of TCM Formulas Theory and Transformation for Damp Diseases, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Zixia Su
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Efficacy Study on Chinese Materia Medica, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, Guangxi, China
- Guangxi Collaborative Innovation Center of Research on Functional Ingredients of Agricultural Residues, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, Guangxi, China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of TCM Formulas Theory and Transformation for Damp Diseases, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Lei Xia
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Efficacy Study on Chinese Materia Medica, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, Guangxi, China
- Guangxi Collaborative Innovation Center of Research on Functional Ingredients of Agricultural Residues, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, Guangxi, China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of TCM Formulas Theory and Transformation for Damp Diseases, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Jinling Xie
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Efficacy Study on Chinese Materia Medica, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, Guangxi, China
- Guangxi Collaborative Innovation Center of Research on Functional Ingredients of Agricultural Residues, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, Guangxi, China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of TCM Formulas Theory and Transformation for Damp Diseases, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Fan Zhang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Efficacy Study on Chinese Materia Medica, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, Guangxi, China
- Guangxi Collaborative Innovation Center of Research on Functional Ingredients of Agricultural Residues, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, Guangxi, China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of TCM Formulas Theory and Transformation for Damp Diseases, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Zhengcai Du
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Efficacy Study on Chinese Materia Medica, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, Guangxi, China
- Guangxi Collaborative Innovation Center of Research on Functional Ingredients of Agricultural Residues, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, Guangxi, China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of TCM Formulas Theory and Transformation for Damp Diseases, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Xiaotao Hou
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Efficacy Study on Chinese Materia Medica, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, Guangxi, China
- Guangxi Collaborative Innovation Center of Research on Functional Ingredients of Agricultural Residues, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, Guangxi, China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of TCM Formulas Theory and Transformation for Damp Diseases, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Jiagang Deng
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Efficacy Study on Chinese Materia Medica, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, Guangxi, China
- Guangxi Collaborative Innovation Center of Research on Functional Ingredients of Agricultural Residues, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, Guangxi, China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of TCM Formulas Theory and Transformation for Damp Diseases, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Erwei Hao
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Efficacy Study on Chinese Materia Medica, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, Guangxi, China
- Guangxi Collaborative Innovation Center of Research on Functional Ingredients of Agricultural Residues, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, Guangxi, China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of TCM Formulas Theory and Transformation for Damp Diseases, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, Guangxi, China
- *Correspondence: Erwei Hao,
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Chen CC, Krogsaeter E, Kuo CY, Huang MC, Chang SY, Biel M. Endolysosomal cation channels point the way towards precision medicine of cancer and infectious diseases. Biomed Pharmacother 2022; 148:112751. [PMID: 35240524 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.112751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2021] [Revised: 02/21/2022] [Accepted: 02/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Infectious diseases and cancer are among the key medical challenges that humankind is facing today. A growing amount of evidence suggests that ion channels in the endolysosomal system play a crucial role in the pathology of both groups of diseases. The development of advanced patch-clamp technologies has allowed us to directly characterize ion fluxes through endolysosomal ion channels in their native environments. Endolysosomes are essential organelles for intracellular transport, digestion and metabolism, and maintenance of homeostasis. The endolysosomal ion channels regulate the function of the endolysosomal system through four basic mechanisms: calcium release, control of membrane potential, pH change, and osmolarity regulation. In this review, we put particular emphasis on the endolysosomal cation channels, including TPC2 and TRPML2, which are particularly important in monocyte function. We discuss existing endogenous and synthetic ligands of these channels and summarize current knowledge of their impact on channel activity and function in different cell types. Moreover, we summarize recent findings on the importance of TPC2 and TRPML2 channels as potential drug targets for the prevention and treatment of the emerging infectious diseases and cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cheng-Chang Chen
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences and Medical Biotechnology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Laboratory Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.
| | | | - Ching-Ying Kuo
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences and Medical Biotechnology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Laboratory Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Min-Chuan Huang
- Graduate Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Sui-Yuan Chang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences and Medical Biotechnology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Laboratory Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Martin Biel
- Department of Pharmacy, Center for Drug Research, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Pavic K, Chippalkatti R, Abankwa D. Drug targeting opportunities en route to Ras nanoclusters. Adv Cancer Res 2022; 153:63-99. [PMID: 35101236 DOI: 10.1016/bs.acr.2021.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Disruption of the native membrane organization of Ras by the farnesyltransferase inhibitor tipifarnib in the late 1990s constituted the first indirect approach to drug target Ras. Since then, our understanding of how dynamically Ras shuttles between subcellular locations has changed significantly. Ras proteins have to arrive at the plasma membrane for efficient MAPK-signal propagation. On the plasma membrane Ras proteins are organized into isoform specific proteo-lipid assemblies called nanocluster. Recent evidence suggests that Ras nanocluster have a specific lipid composition, which supports the recruitment of effectors such as Raf. Conversely, effectors possess lipid-recognition motifs, which appear to serve as co-incidence detectors for the lipid domain of a given Ras isoform. Evidence suggests that dimeric Raf proteins then co-assemble dimeric Ras in an immobile complex, thus forming the minimal unit of an active nanocluster. Here we review established and novel trafficking chaperones and trafficking factors of Ras, along with the set of lipid and protein modulators of Ras nanoclustering. We highlight drug targeting approaches and opportunities against these determinants of functional Ras membrane organization. Finally, we reflect on implications for Ras signaling in polarized cells, such as epithelia, which are a common origin of tumorigenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Karolina Pavic
- Cancer Cell Biology and Drug Discovery Group, Department of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Luxembourg, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Rohan Chippalkatti
- Cancer Cell Biology and Drug Discovery Group, Department of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Luxembourg, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Daniel Abankwa
- Cancer Cell Biology and Drug Discovery Group, Department of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Luxembourg, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Lopez S, Hallali N, Lalatonne Y, Hillion A, Antunes JC, Serhan N, Clerc P, Fourmy D, Motte L, Carrey J, Gigoux V. Magneto-mechanical destruction of cancer-associated fibroblasts using ultra-small iron oxide nanoparticles and low frequency rotating magnetic fields. NANOSCALE ADVANCES 2022; 4:421-436. [PMID: 36132704 PMCID: PMC9417452 DOI: 10.1039/d1na00474c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2021] [Accepted: 11/18/2021] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
The destruction of cells using the mechanical activation of magnetic nanoparticles with low-frequency magnetic fields constitutes a recent and interesting approach in cancer therapy. Here, we showed that superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles as small as 6 nm were able to induce the death of pancreatic cancer-associated fibroblasts, chosen as a model. An exhaustive screening of the amplitude, frequency, and type (alternating vs. rotating) of magnetic field demonstrated that the best efficacy was obtained for a rotating low-amplitude low-frequency magnetic field (1 Hz and 40 mT), reaching a 34% ratio in cell death induction; interestingly, the cell death was not maximized for the largest amplitudes of the magnetic field. State-of-the-art kinetic Monte-Carlo simulations able to calculate the torque undergone by assemblies of magnetic nanoparticles explained these features and were in agreement with cell death experiments. Simulations showed that the force generated by the nanoparticles once internalized inside the lysosome was around 3 pN, which is in principle not large enough to induce direct membrane disruption. Other biological mechanisms were explored to explain cell death: the mechanical activation of magnetic nanoparticles induced lysosome membrane permeabilization and the release of the lysosome content and cell death was mediated through a lysosomal pathway depending on cathepsin-B activity. Finally, we showed that repeated rotating magnetic field exposure halted drastically the cell proliferation. This study established a proof-of-concept that ultra-small nanoparticles can disrupt the tumor microenvironment through mechanical forces generated by mechanical activation of magnetic nanoparticles upon low-frequency rotating magnetic field exposure, opening new opportunities for cancer therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sara Lopez
- Laboratoire de Physique et Chimie des Nano-Objets (LPCNO), CNRS-UPS-INSA UMR5215 135 Avenue de Rangueil F-31077 Toulouse France
- INSERM ERL1226, Receptology and Targeted Therapy of Cancers 1 Avenue du Professeur Jean Poulhes F-31432 Toulouse France
| | - Nicolas Hallali
- Laboratoire de Physique et Chimie des Nano-Objets (LPCNO), CNRS-UPS-INSA UMR5215 135 Avenue de Rangueil F-31077 Toulouse France
| | - Yoann Lalatonne
- Université Sorbonne Paris Nord, Laboratory for Vascular Translational Science, LVTS, INSERM, UMR 1148 F-93000 Bobigny France
- Services de Biochimie et Médecine Nucléaire, Hôpital Avicenne Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris F-93009 Bobigny France
| | - Arnaud Hillion
- Laboratoire de Physique et Chimie des Nano-Objets (LPCNO), CNRS-UPS-INSA UMR5215 135 Avenue de Rangueil F-31077 Toulouse France
| | - Joana C Antunes
- Université Sorbonne Paris Nord, Laboratory for Vascular Translational Science, LVTS, INSERM, UMR 1148 F-93000 Bobigny France
| | - Nizar Serhan
- Laboratoire de Physique et Chimie des Nano-Objets (LPCNO), CNRS-UPS-INSA UMR5215 135 Avenue de Rangueil F-31077 Toulouse France
- INSERM ERL1226, Receptology and Targeted Therapy of Cancers 1 Avenue du Professeur Jean Poulhes F-31432 Toulouse France
| | - Pascal Clerc
- Laboratoire de Physique et Chimie des Nano-Objets (LPCNO), CNRS-UPS-INSA UMR5215 135 Avenue de Rangueil F-31077 Toulouse France
- INSERM ERL1226, Receptology and Targeted Therapy of Cancers 1 Avenue du Professeur Jean Poulhes F-31432 Toulouse France
| | - Daniel Fourmy
- Laboratoire de Physique et Chimie des Nano-Objets (LPCNO), CNRS-UPS-INSA UMR5215 135 Avenue de Rangueil F-31077 Toulouse France
- INSERM ERL1226, Receptology and Targeted Therapy of Cancers 1 Avenue du Professeur Jean Poulhes F-31432 Toulouse France
| | - Laurence Motte
- Université Sorbonne Paris Nord, Laboratory for Vascular Translational Science, LVTS, INSERM, UMR 1148 F-93000 Bobigny France
| | - Julian Carrey
- Laboratoire de Physique et Chimie des Nano-Objets (LPCNO), CNRS-UPS-INSA UMR5215 135 Avenue de Rangueil F-31077 Toulouse France
| | - Véronique Gigoux
- Laboratoire de Physique et Chimie des Nano-Objets (LPCNO), CNRS-UPS-INSA UMR5215 135 Avenue de Rangueil F-31077 Toulouse France
- INSERM ERL1226, Receptology and Targeted Therapy of Cancers 1 Avenue du Professeur Jean Poulhes F-31432 Toulouse France
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Santoni G, Amantini C, Maggi F, Marinelli O, Santoni M, Morelli MB. The Mucolipin TRPML2 Channel Enhances the Sensitivity of Multiple Myeloma Cell Lines to Ibrutinib and/or Bortezomib Treatment. Biomolecules 2022; 12:biom12010107. [PMID: 35053255 PMCID: PMC8773734 DOI: 10.3390/biom12010107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2021] [Revised: 01/05/2022] [Accepted: 01/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple myeloma (MM) is a haematological B cell malignancy characterised by clonal proliferation of plasma cells and their accumulation in the bone marrow. The aim of the present study is the evaluation of biological effects of Ibrutinib in human MM cell lines alone or in combination with different doses of Bortezomib. In addition, the relationship between the expression of TRPML2 channels and chemosensitivity of different MM cell lines to Ibrutinib administered alone or in combination with Bortezomib has been evaluated. By RT-PCR and Western blot analysis, we found that the Ibrutinib-resistant U266 cells showed lower TRPML2 expression, whereas higher TRPML2 mRNA and protein levels were evidenced in RPMI cells. Moreover, TRPML2 gene silencing in RPMI cells markedly reverted the effects induced by Ibrutinib alone or in combination with Bortezomib suggesting that the sensitivity to Ibrutinib is TRPML2 mediated. In conclusion, this study suggests that the expression of TRPML2 in MM cells increases the sensitivity to Ibrutinib treatment, suggesting for a potential stratification of Ibrutinib sensitivity of MM patients on the basis of the TRPML2 expression. Furthermore, studies in vitro and in vivo should still be necessary to completely address the molecular mechanisms and the potential role of TRPML2 channels in therapy and prognosis of MM patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Giorgio Santoni
- School of Pharmacy, University of Camerino, 62032 Camerino, Italy;
- Correspondence: (G.S.); (M.B.M.); Tel.: +39-0737403319 (G.S.); +39-0737403312 (M.B.M.)
| | - Consuelo Amantini
- School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, 62032 Camerino, Italy; (C.A.); (F.M.)
| | - Federica Maggi
- School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, 62032 Camerino, Italy; (C.A.); (F.M.)
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | | | - Matteo Santoni
- Medical Oncology Unit, Hospital of Macerata, 62100 Macerata, Italy;
| | - Maria Beatrice Morelli
- School of Pharmacy, University of Camerino, 62032 Camerino, Italy;
- Correspondence: (G.S.); (M.B.M.); Tel.: +39-0737403319 (G.S.); +39-0737403312 (M.B.M.)
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Barbonari S, D'Amore A, Palombi F, De Cesaris P, Parrington J, Riccioli A, Filippini A. RELEVANCE OF LYSOSOMAL Ca2+ SIGNALLING MACHINERY IN CANCER. Cell Calcium 2022; 102:102539. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ceca.2022.102539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2021] [Revised: 01/05/2022] [Accepted: 01/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
|
14
|
Davis LC, Morgan AJ, Galione A. Acidic Ca 2+ stores and immune-cell function. Cell Calcium 2021; 101:102516. [PMID: 34922066 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceca.2021.102516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2021] [Revised: 12/03/2021] [Accepted: 12/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Acidic organelles act as intracellular Ca2+ stores; they actively sequester Ca2+ in their lumina and release it to the cytosol upon activation of endo-lysosomal Ca2+ channels. Recent data suggest important roles of endo-lysosomal Ca2+ channels, the Two-Pore Channels (TPCs) and the TRPML channels (mucolipins), in different aspects of immune-cell function, particularly impacting membrane trafficking, vesicle fusion/fission and secretion. Remarkably, different channels on the same acidic vesicles can couple to different downstream physiology. Endo-lysosomal Ca2+ stores can act under different modalities, be they acting alone (via local Ca2+ nanodomains around TPCs/TRPMLs) or in conjunction with the ER Ca2+ store (to either promote or suppress global ER Ca2+ release). These different modalities impinge upon functions as broad as phagocytosis, cell-killing, anaphylaxis, immune memory, thrombostasis, and chemotaxis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lianne C Davis
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Oxford, Mansfield Road, Oxford, OX1 3QT, UK.
| | - Anthony J Morgan
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Oxford, Mansfield Road, Oxford, OX1 3QT, UK
| | - Antony Galione
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Oxford, Mansfield Road, Oxford, OX1 3QT, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Sharma A, Ramena GT, Elble RC. Advances in Intracellular Calcium Signaling Reveal Untapped Targets for Cancer Therapy. Biomedicines 2021; 9:1077. [PMID: 34572262 PMCID: PMC8466575 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9091077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2021] [Revised: 07/15/2021] [Accepted: 07/18/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Intracellular Ca2+ distribution is a tightly regulated process. Numerous Ca2+ chelating, storage, and transport mechanisms are required to maintain normal cellular physiology. Ca2+-binding proteins, mainly calmodulin and calbindins, sequester free intracellular Ca2+ ions and apportion or transport them to signaling hubs needing the cations. Ca2+ channels, ATP-driven pumps, and exchangers assist the binding proteins in transferring the ions to and from appropriate cellular compartments. Some, such as the endoplasmic reticulum, mitochondria, and lysosomes, act as Ca2+ repositories. Cellular Ca2+ homeostasis is inefficient without the active contribution of these organelles. Moreover, certain key cellular processes also rely on inter-organellar Ca2+ signaling. This review attempts to encapsulate the structure, function, and regulation of major intracellular Ca2+ buffers, sensors, channels, and signaling molecules before highlighting how cancer cells manipulate them to survive and thrive. The spotlight is then shifted to the slow pace of translating such research findings into anticancer therapeutics. We use the PubMed database to highlight current clinical studies that target intracellular Ca2+ signaling. Drug repurposing and improving the delivery of small molecule therapeutics are further discussed as promising strategies for speeding therapeutic development in this area.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aarushi Sharma
- Department of Pharmacology and Simmons Cancer Institute, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Springfield, IL 62702, USA;
| | - Grace T. Ramena
- Department of Aquaculture, University of Arkansas, Pine Bluff, AR 71601, USA;
| | - Randolph C. Elble
- Department of Pharmacology and Simmons Cancer Institute, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Springfield, IL 62702, USA;
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Xie B, Song X. The impaired unfolded protein-premelanosome protein and transient receptor potential channels-autophagy axes in apoptotic melanocytes in vitiligo. Pigment Cell Melanoma Res 2021; 35:6-17. [PMID: 34333860 DOI: 10.1111/pcmr.13006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2021] [Revised: 07/27/2021] [Accepted: 07/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Vitiligo is an autoimmune skin disease, characterized by depigmentation and epidermal melanocytes loss. The specific mechanisms underlying vitiligo have not been fully understood. As a result, treating vitiligo is a dermatological challenge. Recently, much attention has been paid to the dysfunction and interaction of organelles under environmental stress. The impaired organelles could generate misfolded proteins, particularly accumulated toxic premelanosome protein (PMEL) amyloid oligomers, activating the autoimmune system and cause melanocyte damage. Unfolded protein response (UPR) dysfunction accelerates toxic PMEL accumulation. Herein, we presented a narrative review on UPR's role in vitiligo, the misfolded PMEL-induced attack of the autoimmune system under autophagy dysfunction caused by abnormal activation of transient receptor potential (TRP) channels and the background of UPR system defects in melanocytes. All of these mechanisms were integrated to form UPR/PMEL-TRP channels/autophagy axis, providing a new understanding of vitiligo pathogenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bo Xie
- Departement of Dermatology, Hangzhou Third People's Hospital, Affiliated Hangzhou Dermatology Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiuzu Song
- Departement of Dermatology, Hangzhou Third People's Hospital, Affiliated Hangzhou Dermatology Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Abrahamian C, Grimm C. Endolysosomal Cation Channels and MITF in Melanocytes and Melanoma. Biomolecules 2021; 11:biom11071021. [PMID: 34356645 PMCID: PMC8301777 DOI: 10.3390/biom11071021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2021] [Revised: 07/08/2021] [Accepted: 07/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Microphthalmia-associated transcription factor (MITF) is the principal transcription factor regulating pivotal processes in melanoma cell development, growth, survival, proliferation, differentiation and invasion. In recent years, convincing evidence has been provided attesting key roles of endolysosomal cation channels, specifically TPCs and TRPMLs, in cancer, including breast cancer, glioblastoma, bladder cancer, hepatocellular carcinoma and melanoma. In this review, we provide a gene expression profile of these channels in different types of cancers and decipher their roles, in particular the roles of two-pore channel 2 (TPC2) and TRPML1 in melanocytes and melanoma. We specifically discuss the signaling cascades regulating MITF and the relationship between endolysosomal cation channels, MAPK, canonical Wnt/GSK3 pathways and MITF.
Collapse
|