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Yang Z, Huang Z, Wu Q, Tang X, Huang Z. Cold-Adapted Proteases: An Efficient and Energy-Saving Biocatalyst. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24108532. [PMID: 37239878 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24108532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2023] [Revised: 04/30/2023] [Accepted: 05/05/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The modern biotechnology industry has a demand for macromolecules that can function in extreme environments. One example is cold-adapted proteases, possessing advantages such as maintaining high catalytic efficiency at low temperature and low energy input during production and inactivation. Meanwhile, cold-adapted proteases are characterised by sustainability, environmental protection, and energy conservation; therefore, they hold significant economic and ecological value regarding resource utilisation and the global biogeochemical cycle. Recently, the development and application of cold-adapted proteases have gained gaining increasing attention; however, their applications potential has not yet been fully developed, which has seriously restricted the promotion and application of cold-adapted proteases in the industry. This article introduces the source, related enzymology characteristics, cold resistance mechanism, and the structure-function relationship of cold-adapted proteases in detail. This is in addition to discussing related biotechnologies to improve stability, emphasise application potential in clinical medical research, and the constraints of the further developing of cold-adapted proteases. This article provides a reference for future research and the development of cold-adapted proteases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengfeng Yang
- Key Laboratory of Yunnan for Biomass Energy and Biotechnology of Environment, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming 650000, China
| | - Zhendi Huang
- School of Life Sciences, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming 650000, China
| | - Qian Wu
- School of Life Sciences, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming 650000, China
- Key Laboratory of Enzyme Engineering, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming 650000, China
| | - Xianghua Tang
- School of Life Sciences, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming 650000, China
- Key Laboratory of Enzyme Engineering, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming 650000, China
| | - Zunxi Huang
- Key Laboratory of Yunnan for Biomass Energy and Biotechnology of Environment, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming 650000, China
- School of Life Sciences, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming 650000, China
- Key Laboratory of Enzyme Engineering, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming 650000, China
- Engineering Research Center of Sustainable Development and Utilization of Biomass Energy, Ministry of Education, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming 650000, China
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Liu Y, Zhang N, Ma J, Zhou Y, Wei Q, Tian C, Fang Y, Zhong R, Chen G, Zhang S. Advances in cold-adapted enzymes derived from microorganisms. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1152847. [PMID: 37180232 PMCID: PMC10169661 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1152847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2023] [Accepted: 04/06/2023] [Indexed: 05/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Cold-adapted enzymes, produced in cold-adapted organisms, are a class of enzyme with catalytic activity at low temperatures, high temperature sensitivity, and the ability to adapt to cold stimulation. These enzymes are largely derived from animals, plants, and microorganisms in polar areas, mountains, and the deep sea. With the rapid development of modern biotechnology, cold-adapted enzymes have been implemented in human and other animal food production, the protection and restoration of environments, and fundamental biological research, among other areas. Cold-adapted enzymes derived from microorganisms have attracted much attention because of their short production cycles, high yield, and simple separation and purification, compared with cold-adapted enzymes derived from plants and animals. In this review we discuss various types of cold-adapted enzyme from cold-adapted microorganisms, along with associated applications, catalytic mechanisms, and molecular modification methods, to establish foundation for the theoretical research and application of cold-adapted enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yehui Liu
- College of Life Science, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
- Key Laboratory of Straw Comprehensive Utilization and Black Soil Conservation, Ministry of Education, Changchun, China
| | - Na Zhang
- College of Life Science, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
- Key Laboratory of Straw Comprehensive Utilization and Black Soil Conservation, Ministry of Education, Changchun, China
| | - Jie Ma
- College of Life Science, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
- Key Laboratory of Straw Comprehensive Utilization and Black Soil Conservation, Ministry of Education, Changchun, China
| | - Yuqi Zhou
- College of Life Science, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
- Key Laboratory of Straw Comprehensive Utilization and Black Soil Conservation, Ministry of Education, Changchun, China
| | - Qiang Wei
- College of Life Science, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
- Key Laboratory of Straw Comprehensive Utilization and Black Soil Conservation, Ministry of Education, Changchun, China
| | - Chunjie Tian
- Key Laboratory of Mollisols Agroecology, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, China
| | - Yi Fang
- Key Laboratory of Mollisols Agroecology, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, China
| | - Rongzhen Zhong
- Key Laboratory of Mollisols Agroecology, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, China
| | - Guang Chen
- College of Life Science, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
- Key Laboratory of Straw Comprehensive Utilization and Black Soil Conservation, Ministry of Education, Changchun, China
| | - Sitong Zhang
- College of Life Science, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
- Key Laboratory of Straw Comprehensive Utilization and Black Soil Conservation, Ministry of Education, Changchun, China
- Key Laboratory of Mollisols Agroecology, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, China
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Mon ML, Marrero Díaz de Villegas R, Campos E, Soria MA, Talia PM. Characterization of a novel GH10 alkali-thermostable xylanase from a termite microbiome. BIORESOUR BIOPROCESS 2022; 9:84. [PMID: 38647897 PMCID: PMC10992782 DOI: 10.1186/s40643-022-00572-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2022] [Accepted: 08/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to assess the biochemical and molecular structural characteristics of a novel alkali-thermostable GH10 xylanase (Xyl10B) identified in a termite gut microbiome by a shotgun metagenomic approach. This endoxylanase candidate was amplified, cloned, heterologously expressed in Escherichia coli and purified. The recombinant enzyme was active at a broad range of temperatures (37-60 ºC) and pH values (4-10), with optimal activity at 50 ºC and pH 9. Moreover, its activity remained at more than 80% of its maximum at 50 °C for 8 h. In addition, Xyl10B was found to be stable in the presence of salt and several ions and chemical reagents frequently used in the industry. These characteristics make this enzyme an interesting candidate for pulp and paper bleaching industries, since this process requires enzymes without cellulase activity and resistant to high temperatures and alkaline pH (thermo-alkaliphilic enzymes). The products of xylan hydrolysis by Xyl10B (short xylooligosaccharides, xylose and xylobiose) could be suitable for application as prebiotics and in the production of bioethanol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Laura Mon
- Instituto de Agrobiotecnología y Biología Molecular (IABIMO), Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Hurlingham, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Rubén Marrero Díaz de Villegas
- Instituto de Agrobiotecnología y Biología Molecular (IABIMO), Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Hurlingham, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Eleonora Campos
- Instituto de Agrobiotecnología y Biología Molecular (IABIMO), Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Hurlingham, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Marcelo A Soria
- Facultad de Agronomía, Cátedra de Microbiología Agrícola, Universidad de Buenos Aires, INBA UBA-CONICET, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Paola M Talia
- Instituto de Agrobiotecnología y Biología Molecular (IABIMO), Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Hurlingham, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
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Kim DY, Kim J, Lee YM, Byeon SM, Gwak JH, Lee JS, Shin DH, Park HY. Novel, acidic, and cold-adapted glycoside hydrolase family 8 endo-β-1,4-glucanase from an Antarctic lichen-associated bacterium, Lichenicola cladoniae PAMC 26568. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:935497. [PMID: 35910630 PMCID: PMC9329076 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.935497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2022] [Accepted: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Endo-β-1,4-glucanase is a crucial glycoside hydrolase (GH) involved in the decomposition of cellulosic materials. In this study, to discover a novel cold-adapted β-1,4-D-glucan-degrading enzyme, the gene coding for an extracellular endo-β-1,4-glucanase (GluL) from Lichenicola cladoniae PAMC 26568, an Antarctic lichen (Cladonia borealis)-associated bacterium, was identified and recombinantly expressed in Escherichia coli BL21. The GluL gene (1044-bp) encoded a non-modular polypeptide consisting of a single catalytic GH8 domain, which shared the highest sequence identity of 55% with that of an uncharacterized protein from Gluconacetobacter takamatsuzukensis (WP_182950054). The recombinant endo-β-1,4-glucanase (rGluL: 38.0 kDa) most efficiently degraded sodium carboxymethylcellulose (CMC) at pH 4.0 and 45°C, and showed approximately 23% of its maximum degradation activity even at 3°C. The biocatalytic activity of rGluL was noticeably enhanced by >1.3-fold in the presence of 1 mM Mn2+ or NaCl at concentrations between 0.1 and 0.5 M, whereas the enzyme was considerably downregulated by 1 mM Hg2+ and Fe2+ together with 5 mM N-bromosuccinimide and 0.5% sodium dodecyl sulfate. rGluL is a true endo-β-1,4-glucanase, which could preferentially decompose D-cellooligosaccharides consisting of 3 to 6 D-glucose, CMC, and barley β-glucan, without other additional glycoside hydrolase activities. The specific activity (15.1 U mg-1) and k cat/K m value (6.35 mg-1 s-1mL) of rGluL toward barley β-glucan were approximately 1.8- and 2.2-fold higher, respectively, compared to its specific activity (8.3 U mg-1) and k cat/K m value (2.83 mg-1 s-1mL) toward CMC. The enzymatic hydrolysis of CMC, D-cellotetraose, and D-cellohexaose yielded primarily D-cellobiose, accompanied by D-glucose, D-cellotriose, and D-cellotetraose. However, the cleavage of D-cellopentaose by rGluL resulted in the production of only D-cellobiose and D-cellotriose. The findings of the present study imply that rGluL is a novel, acidic, and cold-adapted GH8 endo-β-1,4-glucanase with high specific activity, which can be exploited as a promising candidate in low-temperature processes including textile and food processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Do Young Kim
- Industrial Bio-Materials Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Jonghoon Kim
- Industrial Bio-Materials Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Yung Mi Lee
- Division of Life Sciences, Korea Polar Research Institute, Incheon, South Korea
| | - Soo Min Byeon
- Industrial Bio-Materials Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon, South Korea
- Department of Biological Science, Daejeon University, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Jeong Hae Gwak
- Industrial Bio-Materials Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Jong Suk Lee
- Biocenter, Gyeonggido Business and Science Accelerator (GBSA), Suwon, South Korea
| | | | - Ho-Yong Park
- Industrial Bio-Materials Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon, South Korea
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Seo DW, Yum SJ, Lee HR, Kim SM, Jeong HG. Microbiota Analysis and Microbiological Hazard Assessment in Chinese Chive ( Allium tuberosum Rottler) Depending on Retail Types. J Microbiol Biotechnol 2022; 32:195-204. [PMID: 34949749 PMCID: PMC9628847 DOI: 10.4014/jmb.2112.12013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2021] [Revised: 12/20/2021] [Accepted: 12/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Chinese chive (Allium tuberosum Rottler) has potential risks associated with pathogenic bacterial contamination as it is usually consumed raw. In this study, we investigated the microbiota of Chinese chives purchased from traditional markets and grocery stores in March (Spring) and June (Summer) 2017. Differences in bacterial diversity were observed, and the microbial composition varied across sampling times and sites. In June, potential pathogenic genera, such as Escherichia, Enterobacter, and Pantoea, accounted for a high proportion of the microbiota in samples purchased from the traditional market. A large number of pathogenic bacteria (Acinetobacter lwoffii, Bacillus cereus, Klebsiella pneumoniae, and Serratia marcescens) were detected in the June samples at a relatively high rate. In addition, the influence of the washing treatment on Chinese chive microbiota was analyzed. After storage at 26°C, the washing treatment accelerated the growth of enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli (EHEC) because it caused dynamic shifts in Chinese chive indigenous microbiota. These results expand our knowledge of the microbiota in Chinese chives and provide data for the prediction and prevention of food-borne illnesses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Woo Seo
- Department of Food Science and Technology, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 305-764, Republic of Korea
| | - Su-jin Yum
- Department of Food Science and Technology, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 305-764, Republic of Korea
| | - Heoun Reoul Lee
- Department of Food Science and Technology, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 305-764, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Min Kim
- Department of Food Science and Technology, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 305-764, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee Gon Jeong
- Department of Food Science and Technology, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 305-764, Republic of Korea,Corresponding author Phone: +82-42-821-6726 E-mail:
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Sipes K, Paul R, Fine A, Li P, Liang R, Boike J, Onstott TC, Vishnivetskaya TA, Schaeffer S, Lloyd KG. Permafrost Active Layer Microbes From Ny Ålesund, Svalbard (79°N) Show Autotrophic and Heterotrophic Metabolisms With Diverse Carbon-Degrading Enzymes. Front Microbiol 2022; 12:757812. [PMID: 35185810 PMCID: PMC8851200 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.757812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2021] [Accepted: 11/24/2021] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The active layer of permafrost in Ny Ålesund, Svalbard (79°N) around the Bayelva River in the Leirhaugen glacier moraine is measured as a small net carbon sink at the brink of becoming a carbon source. In many permafrost-dominating ecosystems, microbes in the active layers have been shown to drive organic matter degradation and greenhouse gas production, creating positive feedback on climate change. However, the microbial metabolisms linking the environmental geochemical processes and the populations that perform them have not been fully characterized. In this paper, we present geochemical, enzymatic, and isotopic data paired with 10 Pseudomonas sp. cultures and metagenomic libraries of two active layer soil cores (BPF1 and BPF2) from Ny Ålesund, Svalbard, (79°N). Relative to BPF1, BPF2 had statistically higher C/N ratios (15 ± 1 for BPF1 vs. 29 ± 10 for BPF2; n = 30, p < 10–5), statistically lower organic carbon (2% ± 0.6% for BPF1 vs. 1.6% ± 0.4% for BPF2, p < 0.02), statistically lower nitrogen (0.1% ± 0.03% for BPF1 vs. 0.07% ± 0.02% for BPF2, p < 10–6). The d13C values for inorganic carbon did not correlate with those of organic carbon in BPF2, suggesting lower heterotrophic respiration. An increase in the δ13C of inorganic carbon with depth either reflects an autotrophic signal or mixing between a heterotrophic source at the surface and a lithotrophic source at depth. Potential enzyme activity of xylosidase and N-acetyl-β-D-glucosaminidase increases twofold at 15°C, relative to 25°C, indicating cold adaptation in the cultures and bulk soil. Potential enzyme activity of leucine aminopeptidase across soils and cultures was two orders of magnitude higher than other tested enzymes, implying that organisms use leucine as a nitrogen and carbon source in this nutrient-limited environment. Besides demonstrating large variability in carbon compositions of permafrost active layer soils only ∼84 m apart, results suggest that the Svalbard active layer microbes are often limited by organic carbon or nitrogen availability and have adaptations to the current environment, and metabolic flexibility to adapt to the warming climate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katie Sipes
- Microbiology Department, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Knoxville, TN, United States
| | - Raegan Paul
- Microbiology Department, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Knoxville, TN, United States
| | - Aubrey Fine
- Department of Biosystems Engineering and Soil Science, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Knoxville, TN, United States
| | - Peibo Li
- Microbiology Department, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Knoxville, TN, United States
| | - Renxing Liang
- Department of Geosciences, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, United States
| | - Julia Boike
- Alfred Wegener Institute, Potsdam, Germany.,Geography Department, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Tullis C Onstott
- Department of Geosciences, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, United States
| | - Tatiana A Vishnivetskaya
- Center for Environmental Biotechnology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Knoxville, TN, United States
| | - Sean Schaeffer
- Department of Biosystems Engineering and Soil Science, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Knoxville, TN, United States
| | - Karen G Lloyd
- Microbiology Department, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Knoxville, TN, United States
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