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Gobbo F, Zingariello M, Verachi P, Falchi M, Arciprete F, Martelli F, Peli A, Mazzarini M, Vierstra J, Mead-Harvey C, Dueck AC, Sarli G, Nava S, Sgalla G, Richeldi L, Migliaccio AR. GATA1-defective immune-megakaryocytes as possible drivers of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.06.20.542249. [PMID: 37425686 PMCID: PMC10327123 DOI: 10.1101/2023.06.20.542249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/11/2023]
Abstract
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a progressive fibrotic lung disorder with limited therapeutic options. Insufficient understanding of driver mutations and poor fidelity of currently available animal models has limited the development of effective therapies. Since GATA1 deficient megakaryocytes sustain myelofibrosis, we hypothesized that they may also induce fibrosis in lungs. We discovered that lungs from IPF patients and Gata1low mice contain numerous GATA1negative immune-poised megakaryocytes that, in mice, have defective RNA-seq profiling and increased TGF-β1, CXCL1 and P-selectin content. With age, Gata1low mice develop fibrosis in lungs. Development of lung fibrosis in this model is prevented by P-selectin deletion and rescued by P-selectin, TGF-β1 or CXCL1 inhibition. Mechanistically, P-selectin inhibition decreases TGF-β1 and CXCL1 content and increases GATA1positive megakaryocytes while TGF-β1 or CXCL1 inhibition decreased CXCL1 only. In conclusion, Gata1low mice are a novel genetic-driven model for IPF and provide a link between abnormal immune-megakaryocytes and lung fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Gobbo
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Ozzano dell’Emilia (Bologna) 40064, Italy
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Maria Zingariello
- Unit of Microscopic and Ultrastructural Anatomy, Department of Medicine, University Campus Bio-Medico, Rome 00128, Italy
| | - Paola Verachi
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Mario Falchi
- National Center HIV/AIDS Research, Istituto Superiore di Sanita, Rome 00161, Italy
| | - Francesca Arciprete
- Unit of Microscopic and Ultrastructural Anatomy, Department of Medicine, University Campus Bio-Medico, Rome 00128, Italy
| | - Fabrizio Martelli
- National Center for Preclinical and Clinical Research and Evaluation of Pharmaceutical Drugs, Istituto Superiore di Sanita, Rome 00161, Italy
| | - Angelo Peli
- Department for Life Quality Studies, University of Bologna, Rimini Campus, Rimini 47921, Italy
| | - Maria Mazzarini
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
- Altius Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Seattle, WA 98121, USA
| | - Jeff Vierstra
- Altius Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Seattle, WA 98121, USA
| | - Carolyn Mead-Harvey
- Mayo Clinic, Department of Quantitative Health Sciences, Division of Clinical Trials and Biostatistics, Scottsdale, AZ 85259, USA
| | - Amylou C. Dueck
- Mayo Clinic, Department of Quantitative Health Sciences, Division of Clinical Trials and Biostatistics, Scottsdale, AZ 85259, USA
| | - Giuseppe Sarli
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Ozzano dell’Emilia (Bologna) 40064, Italy
| | - Stefano Nava
- IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Respiratory and Critical Care Unit, Bologna 40138, Italy
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna 40138, Italy
| | - Giacomo Sgalla
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences Fondazione Policlinico Universitario “A. Gemelli” IRCCS, Universita Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Roma 00168, Italy
| | - Luca Richeldi
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences Fondazione Policlinico Universitario “A. Gemelli” IRCCS, Universita Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Roma 00168, Italy
| | - Anna Rita Migliaccio
- Unit of Microscopic and Ultrastructural Anatomy, Department of Medicine, University Campus Bio-Medico, Rome 00128, Italy
- Altius Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Seattle, WA 98121, USA
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Arciprete F, Verachi P, Martelli F, Valeri M, Balliu M, Guglielmelli P, Vannucchi AM, Migliaccio AR, Zingariello M. Inhibition of CXCR1/2 reduces the emperipolesis between neutrophils and megakaryocytes in the Gata1 low model of myelofibrosis. Exp Hematol 2023; 121:30-37. [PMID: 36863479 DOI: 10.1016/j.exphem.2023.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2023] [Revised: 02/20/2023] [Accepted: 02/22/2023] [Indexed: 03/04/2023]
Abstract
Emperipolesis between neutrophils and megakaryocytes was first identified by transmission electron microscopy. Although rare under steady-state conditions, its frequency greatly increases in myelofibrosis, the most severe of myeloproliferative neoplasms, in which it is believed to contribute to increasing the transforming growth factor (TGF)-β microenvironmental bioavailability responsible for fibrosis. To date, the challenge of performing studies by transmission electron microscopy has hampered the study of factors that drive the pathological emperipolesis observed in myelofibrosis. We established a user-friendly confocal microscopy method that detects emperipolesis by staining with CD42b, specifically expressed on megakaryocytes, coupled with antibodies that recognize the neutrophils (Ly6b or neutrophil elastase antibody). With such an approach, we first confirmed that the bone marrow from patients with myelofibrosis and from Gata1low mice, a model of myelofibrosis, contains great numbers of neutrophils and megakaryocytes in emperipolesis. Both in patients and Gata1low mice, the emperipolesed megakaryocytes were surrounded by high numbers of neutrophils, suggesting that neutrophil chemotaxis precedes the actual emperipolesis event. Because neutrophil chemotaxis is driven by CXCL1, the murine equivalent of human interleukin 8 that is expressed at high levels by malignant megakaryocytes, we tested the hypothesis that neutrophil/megakaryocyte emperipolesis could be reduced by reparixin, an inhibitor of CXCR1/CXCR2. Indeed, the treatment greatly reduced both neutrophil chemotaxis and their emperipolesis with the megakaryocytes in treated mice. Because treatment with reparixin was previously reported to reduce both TGF-β content and marrow fibrosis, these results identify neutrophil/megakaryocyte emperipolesis as the cellular interaction that links interleukin 8 to TGF-β abnormalities in the pathobiology of marrow fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Arciprete
- Unit of Microscopic and Ultrastructural Anatomy, University Campus Bio-Medico, Rome, Italy
| | - Paola Verachi
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Fabrizio Martelli
- National Center for Preclinical and Clinical Research and Evaluation of Pharmaceutical Drugs, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Mauro Valeri
- Center for Animal Experimentation and Well-Being, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Manjola Balliu
- Center Research and Innovation of Myeloproliferative Neoplasm, University Hospital Careggi, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Paola Guglielmelli
- Center Research and Innovation of Myeloproliferative Neoplasm, University Hospital Careggi, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Alessandro Maria Vannucchi
- Center Research and Innovation of Myeloproliferative Neoplasm, University Hospital Careggi, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Anna Rita Migliaccio
- Unit of Microscopic and Ultrastructural Anatomy, University Campus Bio-Medico, Rome, Italy; Altius Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Seattle, WA
| | - Maria Zingariello
- Unit of Microscopic and Ultrastructural Anatomy, University Campus Bio-Medico, Rome, Italy.
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Mazzarini M, Arciprete F, Picconi O, Valeri M, Verachi P, Martelli F, Migliaccio AR, Falchi M, Zingariello M. Single cell analysis of the localization of the hematopoietic stem cells within the bone marrow architecture identifies niche-specific proliferation dynamics. Front Med (Lausanne) 2023; 10:1166758. [PMID: 37188088 PMCID: PMC10175646 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2023.1166758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Hematopoietic stem cells (HSC) reside in the bone marrow (BM) in specialized niches which provide support for their self-replication and differentiation into the blood cells. Recently, numerous studies using sophisticated molecular and microscopic technology have provided snap-shots information on the identity of the BM niches in mice. In adults, HSC are localized around arterioles and sinusoids/venules whereas in juvenile mice they are in close to the osteoblasts. However, although it is well recognized that in mice the nature of the hematopoietic niche change with age or after exposure to inflammatory insults, much work remains to be done to identify changes occurring under these conditions. The dynamic changes occurring in niche/HSC interactions as HSC enter into cycle are also poorly defined. Methods We exploit mice harboring the hCD34tTA/Tet-O-H2BGFP transgene to establish the feasibility to assess interactions of the HSC with their niche as they cycle. In this model, H2BGFP expression is driven by the TET trans-activator under the control of the human CD34 promoter which in mice is active only in the HSC. Since Doxycycline inhibits TET, HSC exposed to this drug no longer express H2BGFP and loose half of their label every division allowing establishing the dynamics of their first 1-3 divisions. To this aim, we first validated user-friendly confocal microscopy methods to determine HSC divisions by hemi-decrement changes in levels of GFP expression. We then tracked the interaction occurring in old mice between the HSC and their niche during the first HSC divisions. Results We determined that in old mice, most of the HSC are located around vessels, both arterioles which sustain quiescence and self-replication, and venules/sinusoids, which sustain differentiation. After just 1 week of exposure to Doxycycline, great numbers of the HSC around the venules lost most of their GFP label, indicating that they had cycled. By contrast, the few HSC surrounding the arterioles retained maximal levels of GFP expression, indicating that they are either dormant or cycle at very low rates. Conclusion These results reveal that in old mice, HSC cycle very dynamically and are biased toward interactions with the niche that instructs them to differentiate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Mazzarini
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
- Altius Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Francesca Arciprete
- Unit of Microscopic and Ultrastructural Anatomy, University Campus Bio-Medico, Rome, Italy
| | - Orietta Picconi
- National Center for HIV/AIDS Research, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Mauro Valeri
- Center for Animal Experimentation and Well-Being, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Paola Verachi
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Fabrizio Martelli
- National Center for Preclinical and Clinical Research and Evaluation of Pharmaceutical Drugs, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Anna Rita Migliaccio
- Altius Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Seattle, WA, United States
- Unit of Microscopic and Ultrastructural Anatomy, University Campus Bio-Medico, Rome, Italy
- *Correspondence: Anna Rita Migliaccio ;
| | - Mario Falchi
- National Center for HIV/AIDS Research, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Maria Zingariello
- Altius Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Seattle, WA, United States
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Verachi P, Gobbo F, Martelli F, Falchi M, di Virgilio A, Sarli G, Wilke C, Bruederle A, Prahallad A, Arciprete F, Zingariello M, Migliaccio AR. Preclinical studies on the use of a P-selectin-blocking monoclonal antibody to halt progression of myelofibrosis in the Gata1 low mouse model. Exp Hematol 2023; 117:43-61. [PMID: 36191885 PMCID: PMC10450205 DOI: 10.1016/j.exphem.2022.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2022] [Accepted: 09/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
The bone marrow (BM) and spleen from patients with myelofibrosis (MF), as well as those from the Gata1low mouse model of the disease contain increased number of abnormal megakaryocytes. These cells express high levels of the adhesion receptor P-selectin on their surface, which triggers a pathologic neutrophil emperipolesis, leading to increased bioavailability of transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) in the microenvironment and disease progression. With age, Gata1low mice develop a phenotype similar to that of patients with MF, which is the most severe of the Philadelphia-negative myeloproliferative neoplasms. We previously demonstrated that Gata1low mice lacking the P-selectin gene do not develop MF. In the current study, we tested the hypothesis that pharmacologic inhibition of P-selectin may normalize the phenotype of Gata1low mice that have already developed MF. To test this hypothesis, we have investigated the phenotype expressed by aged Gata1low mice treated with the antimouse monoclonal antibody RB40.34, alone and also in combination with ruxolitinib. The results indicated that RB40.34 in combination with ruxolitinib normalizes the phenotype of Gata1low mice with limited toxicity by reducing fibrosis and the content of TGF-β and CXCL1 (two drivers of fibrosis in this model) in the BM and spleen and by restoring hematopoiesis in the BM and the architecture of the spleen. In conclusion, we provide preclinical evidence that treatment with an antibody against P-selectin in combination with ruxolitinib may be more effective than ruxolitinib alone to treat MF in patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola Verachi
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, Italy
| | - Francesca Gobbo
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, Italy; Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Italy
| | - Fabrizio Martelli
- National Center for Preclinical and Clinical Research and Evaluation of Pharmaceutical Drugs, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Mario Falchi
- National Center for HIV/AIDS Research, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Antonio di Virgilio
- Center for Animal Experimentation and Well-being, Istituto Superiore di Santà, Rome, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Sarli
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Italy
| | | | | | | | - Francesca Arciprete
- Unit of Microscopic and Ultrastructural Anatomy, University Campus Bio-Medico, Rome, Italy
| | - Maria Zingariello
- Unit of Microscopic and Ultrastructural Anatomy, University Campus Bio-Medico, Rome, Italy
| | - Anna Rita Migliaccio
- Unit of Microscopic and Ultrastructural Anatomy, University Campus Bio-Medico, Rome, Italy; Altius Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Seattle, WA, USA.
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IL-13/IL-4 signaling contributes to fibrotic progression of the myeloproliferative neoplasms. Blood 2022; 140:2805-2817. [PMID: 36283106 DOI: 10.1182/blood.2022017326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2022] [Revised: 10/05/2022] [Accepted: 10/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Myelofibrosis (MF) is a disease associated with high unmet medical needs because allogeneic stem cell transplantation is not an option for most patients, and JAK inhibitors are generally effective for only 2 to 3 years and do not delay disease progression. MF is characterized by dysplastic megakaryocytic hyperplasia and progression to fulminant disease, which is associated with progressively increasing marrow fibrosis. Despite evidence that the inflammatory milieu in MF contributes to disease progression, the specific factors that promote megakaryocyte growth are poorly understood. Here, we analyzed changes in the cytokine profiles of MF mouse models before and after the development of fibrosis, coupled with the analysis of bone marrow populations using single-cell RNA sequencing. We found high interleukin 13 (IL-13) levels in the bone marrow of MF mice. IL-13 promoted the growth of mutant megakaryocytes and induced surface expression of transforming growth factor β and collagen biosynthesis. Similarly, analysis of samples from patients with MF revealed elevated levels of IL-13 in the plasma and increased IL-13 receptor expression in marrow megakaryocytes. In vivo, IL-13 overexpression promoted disease progression, whereas reducing IL-13/IL-4 signaling reduced several features of the disease, including fibrosis. Finally, we observed an increase in the number of marrow T cells and mast cells, which are known sources of IL-13. Together, our data demonstrate that IL-13 is involved in disease progression in MF and that inhibition of the IL-13/IL-4 signaling pathway might serve as a novel therapeutic target to treat MF.
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Verachi P, Gobbo F, Martelli F, Martinelli A, Sarli G, Dunbar A, Levine RL, Hoffman R, Massucci MT, Brandolini L, Giorgio C, Allegretti M, Migliaccio AR. The CXCR1/CXCR2 Inhibitor Reparixin Alters the Development of Myelofibrosis in the Gata1 low Mice. Front Oncol 2022; 12:853484. [PMID: 35392239 PMCID: PMC8982152 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.853484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2022] [Accepted: 02/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
A major role for human (h)CXCL8 (interleukin-8) in the pathobiology of myelofibrosis (MF) has been suggested by observations indicating that MF megakaryocytes express increased levels of hCXCL8 and that plasma levels of this cytokine in MF patients are predictive of poor patient outcomes. Here, we demonstrate that, in addition to high levels of TGF-β, the megakaryocytes from the bone marrow of the Gata1 low mouse model of myelofibrosis express high levels of murine (m)CXCL1, the murine equivalent of hCXCL8, and its receptors CXCR1 and CXCR2. Treatment with the CXCR1/R2 inhibitor, Reparixin in aged-matched Gata1 low mice demonstrated reductions in bone marrow and splenic fibrosis. Of note, the levels of fibrosis detected using two independent methods (Gomori and reticulin staining) were inversely correlated with plasma levels of Reparixin. Immunostaining of marrow sections indicated that the bone marrow from the Reparixin-treated group expressed lower levels of TGF-β1 than those expressed by the bone marrow from vehicle-treated mice while the levels of mCXCL1, and expression of CXCR1 and CXCR2, were similar to that of vehicle-treated mice. Moreover, immunofluorescence analyses performed on bone marrow sections from Gata1 low mice indicated that treatment with Reparixin induced expression of GATA1 while reducing expression of collagen III in megakaryocytes. These data suggest that in Gata1low mice, Reparixin reduces fibrosis by reducing TGF-β1 and collagen III expression while increasing GATA1 in megakaryocytes. Our results provide a preclinical rationale for further evaluation of this drug alone and in combination with current JAK inhibitor therapy for the treatment of patients with myelofibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola Verachi
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum University, Bologna, Italy
| | - Francesca Gobbo
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum University, Bologna, Italy
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Fabrizio Martelli
- National Center for Drug Research and Evaluation, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Andrea Martinelli
- Center for Animal Experimentation and Well-Being, Istituto Superiore di Santà, Rome, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Sarli
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Andrew Dunbar
- Human Oncology & Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, United States
- Leukemia Service, Department of Medicine and Center for Hematologic Malignancies, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, United States
| | - Ross L. Levine
- Human Oncology & Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, United States
- Leukemia Service, Department of Medicine and Center for Hematologic Malignancies, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, United States
- Center for Epigenetics Research, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, United States
| | - Ronald Hoffman
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Tisch Cancer Institute and Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
| | | | | | | | | | - Anna Rita Migliaccio
- Center for Integrated Biomedical Research, Campus Bio-medico, Rome, Italy
- Altius Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Seattle, WA, United States
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