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Yang R, Roshani D, Gao B, Li P, Shang N. Metallothionein: A Comprehensive Review of Its Classification, Structure, Biological Functions, and Applications. Antioxidants (Basel) 2024; 13:825. [PMID: 39061894 PMCID: PMC11273490 DOI: 10.3390/antiox13070825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2024] [Revised: 06/24/2024] [Accepted: 06/26/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Metallothionein is a cysteine-rich protein with a high metal content that is widely found in nature. In addition to heavy metal detoxification, metallothionein is well known as a potent antioxidant. The high sulfhydryl content of metallothionein confers excellent antioxidant activity, enabling it to effectively scavenge free radicals and mitigate oxidative stress damage. In addition, metallothionein can play a neuroprotective role by alleviating oxidative damage in nerve cells, have an anticancer effect by enhancing the ability of normal cells to resist unfavorable conditions through its antioxidant function, and reduce inflammation by scavenging reactive oxygen species. Due to its diverse biological functions, metallothionein has a broad potential for application in alleviating environmental heavy metal pollution, predicting and diagnosing diseases, and developing skin care products and health foods. This review summarizes the recent advances in the classification, structure, biological functions, and applications of metallothionein, focusing on its powerful antioxidant effects and related functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruoqiu Yang
- Key Laboratory of Precision Nutrition and Food Quality, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, No, 17 Qinghua East Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100083, China; (R.Y.); (B.G.)
| | - Dumila Roshani
- College of Engineering, China Agricultural University, No, 17 Qinghua East Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100083, China;
| | - Boya Gao
- Key Laboratory of Precision Nutrition and Food Quality, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, No, 17 Qinghua East Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100083, China; (R.Y.); (B.G.)
| | - Pinglan Li
- Key Laboratory of Precision Nutrition and Food Quality, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, No, 17 Qinghua East Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100083, China; (R.Y.); (B.G.)
| | - Nan Shang
- College of Engineering, China Agricultural University, No, 17 Qinghua East Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100083, China;
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Yan Z, Xu Y, Li K, Liu L. Heavy metal levels and flavonoid intakes are associated with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: an NHANES analysis (2007-2010 to 2017-2018). BMC Public Health 2023; 23:2335. [PMID: 38001456 PMCID: PMC10675902 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-023-17250-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2023] [Accepted: 11/17/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The association between exposure to environmental metals and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is preventing chronic lung diseases. However, little is currently known about the interaction between heavy metals and flavonoids in relation to the risk of COPD. This study aims to bridge this knowledge gap by leveraging The National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) database to evaluate thecorrelation between blood levels of heavy metals (cadmium, lead, mercury) and the intake of various flavonoid compounds (isoflavones, anthocyanidins, flavan-3-ols, flavanones, flavones, flavonols, total flavonoids). Additionally, appropriate dietary recommendations are provided based on the study findings. MATERIALS AND METHODS Cross-sectional analysis was conducted using the 2007-2010 and 2017-2018 NHANES data. Specialized weighted complex survey design analysis software was used for data analysis. Multivariate logistic regression models and restricted cubic splines (RCS) were used to evaluate the relationship between blood heavy metal levels, flavonoids intake, and COPD incidence in all participants, and to explore the effect of different levels of flavonoids intake on COPD caused by heavy metal exposure. RESULTS A total of 7,265 adults aged ≥ 40 years were analyzed. Higher levels of blood cadmium (Cd), blood lead and Anthocyanidin (AC) intake were independently associated with an increased risk of COPD (Cd highest quantile vs. lowest: OR = 1.73, 95% CI, 1.25-2.3; Lead highest quantile vs. lowest quantile: OR = 1.44, 95% CI, 1.11-1.86; AC highest quantile vs. lowest: OR = 0.73, 95% CI, 0.54-0.99). When AC intake exceeded 11.56 mg/d, the effect of Cd exposure on COPD incidence decreased by 27%, and this finding was more significant in smokers. CONCLUSION Higher levels of Cd (≥ 0.45ug/L) and lead (≥ 0.172 ug/L) were positively correlated with the risk of COPD among participants aged 40 years and above, while AC intake (≥ 11.56 mg/d) could reduce the risk related to blood Cd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaoqi Yan
- Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Graduate school, Yangming Road, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Yifeng Xu
- Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Graduate school, Yangming Road, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Keke Li
- Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Graduate school, Yangming Road, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Liangji Liu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Hospital of Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 445 Bayi Dadao, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China.
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Li K, Li Y, Ding H, Chen J, Zhang X. Metal-Binding Proteins Cross-Linking with Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress in Cardiovascular Diseases. J Cardiovasc Dev Dis 2023; 10:jcdd10040171. [PMID: 37103050 PMCID: PMC10143100 DOI: 10.3390/jcdd10040171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2023] [Revised: 04/11/2023] [Accepted: 04/15/2023] [Indexed: 04/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The endoplasmic reticulum (ER), an essential organelle in eukaryotic cells, is widely distributed in myocardial cells. The ER is where secreted protein synthesis, folding, post-translational modification, and transport are all carried out. It is also where calcium homeostasis, lipid synthesis, and other processes that are crucial for normal biological cell functioning are regulated. We are concerned that ER stress (ERS) is widespread in various damaged cells. To protect cells' function, ERS reduces the accumulation of misfolded proteins by activating the unfolded protein response (UPR) pathway in response to numerous stimulating factors, such as ischemia or hypoxia, metabolic disorders, and inflammation. If these stimulatory factors are not eliminated for a long time, resulting in the persistence of the UPR, it will aggravate cell damage through a series of mechanisms. In the cardiovascular system, it will cause related cardiovascular diseases and seriously endanger human health. Furthermore, there has been a growing number of studies on the antioxidative stress role of metal-binding proteins. We observed that a variety of metal-binding proteins can inhibit ERS and, hence, mitigate myocardial damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kejuan Li
- Department of Cardiology, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730031, China
| | - Yongnan Li
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730031, China
| | - Hong Ding
- Department of Cardiology, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730031, China
| | - Jianshu Chen
- Department of Cardiology, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730031, China
| | - Xiaowei Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730031, China
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Wang XL, Schnoor M, Yin LM. Metallothionein-2: An emerging target in inflammatory diseases and cancers. Pharmacol Ther 2023; 244:108374. [PMID: 36889441 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2023.108374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2022] [Revised: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/02/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2023]
Abstract
Metallothionein-2 (MT-2) was originally discovered as a mediator of zinc homeostasis and cadmium detoxification. However, MT-2 has recently received increased attention because altered expression of MT-2 is closely related to various diseases such as asthma and cancers. Several pharmacological strategies have been developed to inhibit or modify MT-2, revealing its potential as drug target in diseases. Therefore, a better understanding of the mechanisms of MT-2 action is warranted to improve drug development for potential clinical applications. In this review, we highlight recent advances in determining the protein structure, regulation, binding partners, and new functions of MT-2 in inflammatory diseases and cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue-Ling Wang
- Yueyang Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200030, China
| | - Michael Schnoor
- Department of Molecular Biomedicine, Center for Investigation and Advanced Studies of the National Polytechnic Institute (Cinvestav-IPN), Avenida IPN 2508, 07360 Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Lei-Miao Yin
- Yueyang Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200030, China.
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Kim J, Baek YW, Kim C, Nam YJ, Lee YS, Lee H, Kang JY, Lee H, Choi JY, Park YH, Park SA, Park EK, Jeong SH, Lee JH. Evaluating the comparative MT1B, MT1F, MT1G, and MT1H expression in human pulmonary alveolar epithelial cells treated with polyhexamethylene guanidine-phosphate, chloromethylisothiazolinone/methylisothiazolinone, oligo(2-(2-ethoxy)ethoxyethyl guanidinium chloride, benzalkonium chloride, and sodium dichloroisocyanurate. Mol Cell Toxicol 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s13273-022-00311-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Tanaka KI, Nakaguchi S, Shiota S, Nakada Y, Oyama K, Sakakibara O, Shimoda M, Sugimoto A, Ichitani M, Takihara T, Kinugasa H, Kawahara M. Preventive Effect of Epigallocatechin Gallate, the Main Component of Green Tea, on Acute Lung Injury Caused by Air Pollutants. Biomolecules 2022; 12:biom12091196. [PMID: 36139034 PMCID: PMC9496336 DOI: 10.3390/biom12091196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2022] [Revised: 08/23/2022] [Accepted: 08/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Reducing the health hazards caused by air pollution is a global challenge and is included in the Sustainable Development Goals. Air pollutants, such as PM2.5, induce respiratory and cardiovascular disorders by causing various inflammatory responses via oxidative stress. Catechins and polyphenols, which are components of green tea, have various protective effects, owing to their antioxidant ability. The main catechin in green tea, epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG), is potentially effective against respiratory diseases, such as idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis and asthma, but its effectiveness against air-pollution-dependent lung injury has not yet been investigated. In this study, we examined the effect of EGCG on urban aerosol-induced acute lung injury in mice. Urban aerosol treatment caused increases in inflammatory cell counts, protein levels, and inflammatory cytokine expression in the lungs of ICR mice, but pretreatment with EGCG markedly suppressed these responses. Analyses of oxidative stress revealed that urban aerosol exposure enhanced reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and the formation of ROS-activated neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) in the lungs of mice. However, ROS production and NETs formation were markedly suppressed by pretreating the mice with EGCG. Gallocatechin gallate (GCG), a heat-epimerized form of EGCG, also markedly suppressed urban aerosol-dependent inflammatory responses and ROS production in vivo and in vitro. These findings suggest that EGCG and GCG prevent acute lung injury caused by urban aerosols through their inhibitory effects on ROS production. Thus, we believe that foods and medications containing EGCG or GCG may be candidates to prevent the onset and progression of acute lung injury caused by air pollutants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ken-Ichiro Tanaka
- Laboratory of Bio-Analytical Chemistry, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Musashino University, 1-1-20 Shinmachi, Nishitokyo 202-8585, Japan
- Correspondence: ; Tel./Fax: +81-42-468-9335
| | - Shunsuke Nakaguchi
- Laboratory of Bio-Analytical Chemistry, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Musashino University, 1-1-20 Shinmachi, Nishitokyo 202-8585, Japan
| | - Sachie Shiota
- Laboratory of Bio-Analytical Chemistry, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Musashino University, 1-1-20 Shinmachi, Nishitokyo 202-8585, Japan
| | - Yuka Nakada
- Laboratory of Bio-Analytical Chemistry, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Musashino University, 1-1-20 Shinmachi, Nishitokyo 202-8585, Japan
| | - Kaho Oyama
- Laboratory of Bio-Analytical Chemistry, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Musashino University, 1-1-20 Shinmachi, Nishitokyo 202-8585, Japan
| | - Okina Sakakibara
- Laboratory of Bio-Analytical Chemistry, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Musashino University, 1-1-20 Shinmachi, Nishitokyo 202-8585, Japan
| | - Mikako Shimoda
- Laboratory of Bio-Analytical Chemistry, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Musashino University, 1-1-20 Shinmachi, Nishitokyo 202-8585, Japan
| | - Akio Sugimoto
- Central Research Institute, ITO EN, Ltd., 21 Mekami, Makinohara 421-0516, Japan
| | - Masaki Ichitani
- Central Research Institute, ITO EN, Ltd., 21 Mekami, Makinohara 421-0516, Japan
| | - Takanobu Takihara
- Central Research Institute, ITO EN, Ltd., 21 Mekami, Makinohara 421-0516, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Kinugasa
- Central Research Institute, ITO EN, Ltd., 21 Mekami, Makinohara 421-0516, Japan
| | - Masahiro Kawahara
- Laboratory of Bio-Analytical Chemistry, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Musashino University, 1-1-20 Shinmachi, Nishitokyo 202-8585, Japan
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Laiman V, Lee YL, Hou YW, Fang YT, Chen YY, Lo YC, Heriyanto DS, Lan SC, Chen CL, Chen XY, Lee KY, Chang JH, Chuang HC. Reduction of Emphysema Severity by Human Umbilical Cord-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells in Mice. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:8906. [PMID: 36012176 PMCID: PMC9408173 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23168906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2022] [Revised: 08/02/2022] [Accepted: 08/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in chronic lung disease patients throughout the world. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have been shown to regulate immunomodulatory, anti-inflammatory, and regenerative responses. However, the effects of human-umbilical-cord-derived mesenchymal stem cells (hUC-MSCs) on the lung pathophysiology of COPD remain unclear. We aimed to investigate the role of hUC-MSCs in emphysema severity and Yes-associated protein (Yap) phosphorylation (p-Yap) in a porcine-pancreatic-elastase (PPE)-induced emphysema model. We observed that the emphysema percentages (normalized to the total lung volume) measured by chest computed tomography (CT) and exercise oxygen desaturation were significantly reduced by hUC-MSCs at 107 cells/kg body weight (BW) via intravenous administration in emphysematous mice (p < 0.05). Consistently, the emphysema index, as assessed by the mean linear intercept (MLI), significantly decreased with hUC-MSC administration at 3 × 106 and 107 cells/kg BW (p < 0.05). Changes in the lymphocytes, monocytes, and splenic cluster of differentiation 4-positive (CD4+) lymphocytes by PPE were significantly reversed by hUC-MSC administration in emphysematous mice (p < 0.05). An increasing neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio was reduced by hUC-MSCs at 3 × 106 and 107 cells/kg BW (p < 0.05). The higher levels of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, keratinocyte chemoattractant (KC), and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) were significantly decreased by hUC-MSC administration (p < 0.05). A decreasing p-Yap/Yap ratio in type II alveolar epithelial cells (AECII) of mice with PPE-induced emphysema was significantly increased by hUC-MSCs (p < 0.05). In conclusion, the administration of hUC-MSCs improved multiple pathophysiological features of mice with PPE-induced emphysema. The effectiveness of the treatment of pulmonary emphysema with hUC-MSCs provides an essential and significant foundation for future clinical studies of MSCs in COPD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincent Laiman
- International Ph.D. Program in Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan
- Department of Anatomical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Public Health and Nursing, Universitas Gadjah Mada—Dr. Sardjito Hospital, Yogyakarta 55281, Indonesia
| | - Yueh-Lun Lee
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Wei Hou
- School of Respiratory Therapy, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Ting Fang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei 112, Taiwan
| | - You-Yin Chen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei 112, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Chun Lo
- Ph.D. Program for Neural Regenerative Medicine, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan
| | - Didik Setyo Heriyanto
- Department of Anatomical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Public Health and Nursing, Universitas Gadjah Mada—Dr. Sardjito Hospital, Yogyakarta 55281, Indonesia
| | - Shu-Chi Lan
- School of Respiratory Therapy, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Ling Chen
- School of Respiratory Therapy, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan
| | - Xiao-Yue Chen
- School of Respiratory Therapy, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan
| | - Kang-Yun Lee
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, New Taipei City 235, Taiwan
| | - Jer-Hwa Chang
- School of Respiratory Therapy, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan
| | - Hsiao-Chi Chuang
- School of Respiratory Therapy, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, New Taipei City 235, Taiwan
- Cell Physiology and Molecular Image Research Center, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan
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