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Wang J, Ho P, Nandurkar H, Lim HY. Overall haemostatic potential assay for prediction of outcomes in venous and arterial thrombosis and thrombo-inflammatory diseases. J Thromb Thrombolysis 2024; 57:852-864. [PMID: 38649560 DOI: 10.1007/s11239-024-02975-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
Thromboembolic diseases including arterial and venous thrombosis are common causes of morbidity and mortality globally. Thrombosis frequently recurs and can also complicate many inflammatory conditions through the process of 'thrombo-inflammation,' as evidenced during the COVID-19 pandemic. Current candidate biomarkers for thrombosis prediction, such as D-dimer, have poor predictive efficacy. This limits our capacity to tailor anticoagulation duration individually and may expose lower risk individuals to undue bleeding risk. Global coagulation assays, such as the Overall Haemostatic Potential (OHP) assay, that investigate fibrin generation and fibrinolysis, may provide a more accurate and functional assessment of hypercoagulability. We present a review of fibrin's critical role as a central modulator of thrombotic risk. The results of our studies demonstrating the OHP assay as a predictive biomarker in venous thromboembolism, chronic renal disease, diabetes mellitus, post-thrombotic syndrome, and COVID-19 are discussed. As a comprehensive and global measurement of fibrin generation and fibrinolytic capacity, the OHP assay may be a valuable addition to future multi-modal predictive tools in thrombosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie Wang
- Northern Health, 185 Cooper St, Epping, VIC, 3076, Australia.
| | - Prahlad Ho
- Northern Health, 185 Cooper St, Epping, VIC, 3076, Australia
| | - Harshal Nandurkar
- Australian Centre for Blood Diseases, Monash Health, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Hui Yin Lim
- Northern Health, 185 Cooper St, Epping, VIC, 3076, Australia
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2
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Risman RA, Belcher HA, Ramanujam RK, Weisel JW, Hudson NE, Tutwiler V. Comprehensive Analysis of the Role of Fibrinogen and Thrombin in Clot Formation and Structure for Plasma and Purified Fibrinogen. Biomolecules 2024; 14:230. [PMID: 38397467 PMCID: PMC10886591 DOI: 10.3390/biom14020230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2024] [Revised: 02/07/2024] [Accepted: 02/09/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Altered properties of fibrin clots have been associated with bleeding and thrombotic disorders, including hemophilia or trauma and heart attack or stroke. Clotting factors, such as thrombin and tissue factor, or blood plasma proteins, such as fibrinogen, play critical roles in fibrin network polymerization. The concentrations and combinations of these proteins affect the structure and stability of clots, which can lead to downstream complications. The present work includes clots made from plasma and purified fibrinogen and shows how varying fibrinogen and activation factor concentrations affect the fibrin properties under both conditions. We used a combination of scanning electron microscopy, confocal microscopy, and turbidimetry to analyze clot/fiber structure and polymerization. We quantified the structural and polymerization features and found similar trends with increasing/decreasing fibrinogen and thrombin concentrations for both purified fibrinogen and plasma clots. Using our compiled results, we were able to generate multiple linear regressions that predict structural and polymerization features using various fibrinogen and clotting agent concentrations. This study provides an analysis of structural and polymerization features of clots made with purified fibrinogen or plasma at various fibrinogen and clotting agent concentrations. Our results could be utilized to aid in interpreting results, designing future experiments, or developing relevant mathematical models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca A. Risman
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA; (R.A.R.); (R.K.R.)
| | - Heather A. Belcher
- Department of Physics, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC 27858, USA; (H.A.B.); (N.E.H.)
| | - Ranjini K. Ramanujam
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA; (R.A.R.); (R.K.R.)
| | - John W. Weisel
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA;
| | - Nathan E. Hudson
- Department of Physics, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC 27858, USA; (H.A.B.); (N.E.H.)
| | - Valerie Tutwiler
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA; (R.A.R.); (R.K.R.)
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Belcher HA, Guthold M, Hudson NE. What is the diameter of a fibrin fiber? Res Pract Thromb Haemost 2023; 7:100285. [PMID: 37601015 PMCID: PMC10439396 DOI: 10.1016/j.rpth.2023.100285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Revised: 05/31/2023] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Altered fibrin fiber structure is linked to pathologic states, including coronary heart disease, ischemic stroke, and atherosclerosis. However, several different techniques are commonly utilized for studying fibrin structures, and comparison of results obtained using different techniques can be challenging due to lack of standardization. Objectives This study provides a path toward standardization by comparing fibrin fiber diameters for a range of physiologic fibrinogen and thrombin concentrations using multiple different complementary experimental methods. Methods We determined fiber diameter using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), superresolution (stochastic optical reconstruction microscopy) fluorescence microscopy, and 4 commonly utilized turbidimetric approaches to determine the congruence between the results and the conditions under which each should be used. Results We found that diameter values obtained using SEM and superresolution imaging agree within 10% for nearly all conditions tested. We also found that when a wavelength range of 500 to 800 nm was used for measurements and accounting for the wavelength dependence of the refractive index and specific refractive index increment, diameters obtained using the corrected Yeromonahos turbidimetric approach agree with SEM within 20% for most conditions. Conclusion We performed a systematic, multitechnique survey assessing fibrin fiber diameters under a range of biochemical conditions. The similarity in the diameter values obtained using SEM and superresolution imaging suggests that drying and fixation during SEM sample preparation do not dramatically alter fiber cross-sections. Congruence, under certain conditions, between diameter values obtained using SEM, superresolution fluorescence imaging, and turbidimetry demonstrates the feasibility of a fibrin diameter standardization project.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heather A. Belcher
- Department of Physics, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC 27858, USA
| | - Martin Guthold
- Department of Physics, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, NC 27109, USA
| | - Nathan E. Hudson
- Department of Physics, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC 27858, USA
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Pinelo JEE, Manandhar P, Popovic G, Ray K, Tasdelen MF, Nguyen Q, Iavarone AT, Offenbacher AR, Hudson NE, Sen M. Systematic mapping of the conformational landscape and dynamism of soluble fibrinogen. J Thromb Haemost 2023; 21:1529-1543. [PMID: 36746319 PMCID: PMC10407912 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtha.2023.01.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2022] [Revised: 01/23/2023] [Accepted: 01/26/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Fibrinogen is a soluble, multisubunit, and multidomain dimeric protein, which, upon its proteolytic cleavage by thrombin, is converted to insoluble fibrin, initiating polymerization that substantially contributes to clot growth. Fibrinogen contains numerous, transiently accessible "cryptic" epitopes for hemostatic and immunologic proteins, suggesting that fibrinogen exhibits conformational flexibility, which may play functional roles in its temporal and spatial interactions. Hitherto, there have been limited integrative approaches characterizing the solution structure and internal flexibility of fibrinogen. METHODS Here, utilizing a multipronged, biophysical approach involving 2 solution-based techniques, temperature-dependent hydrogen-deuterium exchange mass spectrometry and small angle X-ray scattering, corroborated by negative stain electron microscopy, we present a holistic, conformationally dynamic model of human fibrinogen in solution. RESULTS Our data reveal 4 major and distinct conformations of fibrinogen accommodated by a high degree of internal protein flexibility along its central scaffold. We propose that the fibrinogen structure in the solution consists of a complex, conformational landscape with multiple local minima. This is further supported by the location of numerous point mutations that are linked to dysfibrinogenemia and posttranslational modifications, residing near the identified fibrinogen flexions. CONCLUSION This work provides a molecular basis for the structural "dynamism" of fibrinogen that is expected to influence the broad swath of its functionally diverse macromolecular interactions and fine-tune the structural and mechanical properties of blood clots.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jose E E Pinelo
- Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Houston, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Pragya Manandhar
- Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Houston, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Grega Popovic
- Department of Chemistry, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina, USA
| | - Katherine Ray
- Department of Chemistry, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina, USA
| | - Mehmet F Tasdelen
- Department of Computer Science, University of Houston, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Quoc Nguyen
- Department of Mathematics, University of Houston, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Anthony T Iavarone
- QB3/Chemistry/Mass Spectrometry Facility, University of California, Berkeley, California, USA
| | - Adam R Offenbacher
- Department of Chemistry, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina, USA
| | - Nathan E Hudson
- Department of Physics, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina, USA
| | - Mehmet Sen
- Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Houston, Houston, Texas, USA.
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Bakulina AA, Musina GR, Gavdush AA, Efremov YM, Komandin GA, Vosough M, Shpichka AI, Zaytsev KI, Timashev PS. PEG-fibrin conjugates: the PEG impact on the polymerization dynamics. SOFT MATTER 2023; 19:2430-2437. [PMID: 36930054 DOI: 10.1039/d2sm01504h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Fibrin and its modifications, particularly those with functionalized polyethylene glycol (PEG), remain highly attractive as a biomaterial in drug delivery and regenerative medicine. Despite the extensive knowledge of fibrinogenesis, there is little information on the processes occurring after its modification. Previously, we found structural differences between native fibrin and its conjugates with PEG that allows us to hypothesize that a combination of methods such as terahertz (THz) pulsed spectroscopy and rheology may contribute to the characterization of gelation and reveal the effect of PEG on the polymerization dynamics. Compared to native fibrin, PEGylated fibrins had a homogenously soft surface; PEGylation also led to a significant decrease in the gelation time: from 42.75 min for native fibrin to 31.26 min and 35.09 min for 5 : 1 and 10 : 1 PEGylated fibrin, respectively. It is worth noting that THz pulsed spectroscopy makes it possible to reliably investigate only the polymerization process itself, while it does not allow us to observe statistically significant differences between the distinct PEGylated fibrin gels. The polymerization time constant of native fibrin measured by THz pulsed spectroscopy was 14.4 ± 2.8 min. However, it could not be calculated for PEGylated fibrin because the structural changes were too rapid. These results, together with those previously reported, led us to speculate that PEG-fibrin conjugates formed homogenously distributed highly water-shelled aggregates without bundling compared to native fibrin, ensuring rapid gelation and stabilization of the system without increasing its complexity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alesia A Bakulina
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Sechenov University, Moscow, Russia.
| | - Guzel R Musina
- Prokhorov General Physics Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia.
| | - Arsenii A Gavdush
- Prokhorov General Physics Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia.
| | - Yuri M Efremov
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Sechenov University, Moscow, Russia.
| | - Gennady A Komandin
- Prokhorov General Physics Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia.
| | - Massoud Vosough
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Anastasia I Shpichka
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Sechenov University, Moscow, Russia.
- World-Class Research Center "Digital Biodesign and Personalized Healthcare", Sechenov University, Moscow, Russia
- Chemistry Department, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Kirill I Zaytsev
- Prokhorov General Physics Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia.
| | - Peter S Timashev
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Sechenov University, Moscow, Russia.
- World-Class Research Center "Digital Biodesign and Personalized Healthcare", Sechenov University, Moscow, Russia
- Chemistry Department, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
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Sanz-Horta R, Matesanz A, Gallardo A, Reinecke H, Jorcano JL, Acedo P, Velasco D, Elvira C. Technological advances in fibrin for tissue engineering. J Tissue Eng 2023; 14:20417314231190288. [PMID: 37588339 PMCID: PMC10426312 DOI: 10.1177/20417314231190288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 08/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Fibrin is a promising natural polymer that is widely used for diverse applications, such as hemostatic glue, carrier for drug and cell delivery, and matrix for tissue engineering. Despite the significant advances in the use of fibrin for bioengineering and biomedical applications, some of its characteristics must be improved for suitability for general use. For example, fibrin hydrogels tend to shrink and degrade quickly after polymerization, particularly when they contain embedded cells. In addition, their poor mechanical properties and batch-to-batch variability affect their handling, long-term stability, standardization, and reliability. One of the most widely used approaches to improve their properties has been modification of the structure and composition of fibrin hydrogels. In this review, recent advances in composite fibrin scaffolds, chemically modified fibrin hydrogels, interpenetrated polymer network (IPN) hydrogels composed of fibrin and other synthetic or natural polymers are critically reviewed, focusing on their use for tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raúl Sanz-Horta
- Department of Applied Macromolecular Chemistry, Institute of Polymer Science and Technology, Spanish National Research Council (ICTP-CSIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana Matesanz
- Department of Bioengineering, Universidad Carlos III de Madrid (UC3M), Madrid, Spain
- Department of Electronic Technology, Universidad Carlos III de Madrid (UC3M), Madrid, Spain
| | - Alberto Gallardo
- Department of Applied Macromolecular Chemistry, Institute of Polymer Science and Technology, Spanish National Research Council (ICTP-CSIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Helmut Reinecke
- Department of Applied Macromolecular Chemistry, Institute of Polymer Science and Technology, Spanish National Research Council (ICTP-CSIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - José Luis Jorcano
- Department of Bioengineering, Universidad Carlos III de Madrid (UC3M), Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain
| | - Pablo Acedo
- Department of Electronic Technology, Universidad Carlos III de Madrid (UC3M), Madrid, Spain
| | - Diego Velasco
- Department of Bioengineering, Universidad Carlos III de Madrid (UC3M), Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain
- Fundación Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de la Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Madrid, Spain
| | - Carlos Elvira
- Department of Applied Macromolecular Chemistry, Institute of Polymer Science and Technology, Spanish National Research Council (ICTP-CSIC), Madrid, Spain
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