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Zhang Z, Chen J, Su S, Xie X, Ji L, Li Z, Lu D. Luteolin ameliorates hypoxic pulmonary vascular remodeling in rat via upregulating K V1.5 of pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 132:155840. [PMID: 38941817 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2024.155840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2023] [Revised: 06/14/2024] [Accepted: 06/20/2024] [Indexed: 06/30/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hypoxic pulmonary vascular remodeling (HPVR) is a key pathological feature of hypoxic pulmonary hypertension (HPH). Oxygen-sensitive potassium (K+) channels in pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells (PASMCs) play a crucial role in HPVR. Luteolin (Lut) is a plant-derived flavonoid compound with variety of pharmacological actions. Our previous study found Lut alleviated HPVR in HPH rat. PURPOSE To elucidate the mechanism by which Lut mitigated HPVR, focusing on oxygen-sensitive voltage-dependent potassium channel 1.5 (Kv1.5). METHODS HPH rat model was established using hypobaric chamber to simulate 5000 m altitude. Isolated perfused/ventilated rat lung, isolated pulmonary arteriole ring was utilized to investigate the impact of Lut on K+ channels activity. Kv1.5 level in lung tissue and pulmonary arteriole of HPH rat was assessed. CyclinD1, CDK4, PCNA, Bax, Bcl-2, cleaved caspase-3 levels in lung tissue of HPH rat were tested. The effect of Lut on Kv1.5, cytoplasmic free calcium concentration ([Ca2+]cyt), CyclinD1, CDK4, PCNA, Bax/Bcl-2 was examined in PASMCs under hypoxia, with DPO-1 as a Kv1.5 specific inhibitor. The binding affinity between Lut and Kv1.5 in PASMCs was detected by drug affinity responsive target stability (DARTS). The overexpression of KCNA5 gene (encoding Kv1.5) in HEK293T cells was utilized to confirm the interaction between Lut and Kv1.5. Furthermore, the impact of Lut on mitochondrial structure, SOD, GSH, GSH-Px, MDA and HIF-1α levels were evaluated in lung tissue of HPH rat and PASMCs under hypoxia. RESULTS Lut dilated pulmonary artery by directly activating Kv and Ca2+-activated K+ channels (KCa) in smooth muscle. Kv1.5 level in lung tissue and pulmonary arteriole of HPH rat was upregulated by Lut. Lut downregulated CyclinD1, CDK4, PCNA while upregulating Bax/Bcl-2/caspase-3 axis in lung tissue of HPH rat. Lut decreased [Ca2+]cyt, reduced CDK4, CyclinD1, PCNA, increased Bax/Bcl-2 ratio, in PASMCs under hypoxia, by upregulating Kv1.5. The binding affinity and the interaction between Lut and Kv1.5 was verified in PASMCs and in HEK293T cells. Lut also decreased [Ca2+]cyt and inhibited proliferation via targeting Kv1.5 of HEK293T cells under hypoxia. Furthermore, Lut protected mitochondrial structure, increased SOD, GSH, GSH-Px, decreased MDA, in lung tissue of HPH rat. Lut downregulated HIF-1α level in both lung tissue of HPH rat and PASMCs under hypoxia. CONCLUSION Lut alleviated HPVR by promoting vasodilation of pulmonary artery, reducing cellular proliferation, and inducing apoptosis through upregulating of Kv1.5 in PASMCs.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Kv1.5 Potassium Channel/metabolism
- Pulmonary Artery/drug effects
- Vascular Remodeling/drug effects
- Myocytes, Smooth Muscle/drug effects
- Myocytes, Smooth Muscle/metabolism
- Rats
- Male
- Hypoxia/drug therapy
- Luteolin/pharmacology
- Rats, Sprague-Dawley
- Humans
- Hypertension, Pulmonary/drug therapy
- Hypertension, Pulmonary/metabolism
- Up-Regulation/drug effects
- HEK293 Cells
- Disease Models, Animal
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/drug effects
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaoxia Zhang
- Research Center for High Altitude Medicine, Laboratory for High Altitude Medicine of Qinghai Province, Key Laboratory for High Altitude Medicine (Ministry of Education), Key Laboratory of Application and Foundation for High Altitude Medicine Research Qinghai Province (Qinghai-Utah Joint Research Key Lab for High Altitude Medicine), Qinghai University, Xining, 810001, China; Qinghai Health Institute of Sciences, Xining, 810016, China
| | - Ju Chen
- Central Laboratory, Clinical Medical College & Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu University, Sichuan, 610086, China
| | - Shanshan Su
- Technical Center of Xining Customs, Key Laboratory of Food Safety Research in Qinghai Province, Xining, 810013, China
| | - Xin Xie
- Research Center for High Altitude Medicine, Laboratory for High Altitude Medicine of Qinghai Province, Key Laboratory for High Altitude Medicine (Ministry of Education), Key Laboratory of Application and Foundation for High Altitude Medicine Research Qinghai Province (Qinghai-Utah Joint Research Key Lab for High Altitude Medicine), Qinghai University, Xining, 810001, China
| | - Lei Ji
- Qinghai Provincial People's Hospital, Xining, 810007, China
| | - Zhanqiang Li
- Research Center for High Altitude Medicine, Laboratory for High Altitude Medicine of Qinghai Province, Key Laboratory for High Altitude Medicine (Ministry of Education), Key Laboratory of Application and Foundation for High Altitude Medicine Research Qinghai Province (Qinghai-Utah Joint Research Key Lab for High Altitude Medicine), Qinghai University, Xining, 810001, China.
| | - Dianxiang Lu
- Research Center for High Altitude Medicine, Laboratory for High Altitude Medicine of Qinghai Province, Key Laboratory for High Altitude Medicine (Ministry of Education), Key Laboratory of Application and Foundation for High Altitude Medicine Research Qinghai Province (Qinghai-Utah Joint Research Key Lab for High Altitude Medicine), Qinghai University, Xining, 810001, China; Central Laboratory, Clinical Medical College & Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu University, Sichuan, 610086, China.
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Liu L, Kapralov M, Ashton M. Plant-derived compounds as potential leads for new drug development targeting COVID-19. Phytother Res 2024; 38:1522-1554. [PMID: 38281731 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.8105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2023] [Revised: 12/13/2023] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 01/30/2024]
Abstract
COVID-19, which was first identified in 2019 in Wuhan, China, is a respiratory illness caused by a virus called severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Although some patients infected with COVID-19 can remain asymptomatic, most experience a range of symptoms that can be mild to severe. Common symptoms include fever, cough, shortness of breath, fatigue, loss of taste or smell and muscle aches. In severe cases, complications can arise including pneumonia, acute respiratory distress syndrome, organ failure and even death, particularly in older adults or individuals with underlying health conditions. Treatments for COVID-19 include remdesivir, which has been authorised for emergency use in some countries, and dexamethasone, a corticosteroid used to reduce inflammation in severe cases. Biological drugs including monoclonal antibodies, such as casirivimab and imdevimab, have also been authorised for emergency use in certain situations. While these treatments have improved the outcome for many patients, there is still an urgent need for new treatments. Medicinal plants have long served as a valuable source of new drug leads and may serve as a valuable resource in the development of COVID-19 treatments due to their broad-spectrum antiviral activity. To date, various medicinal plant extracts have been studied for their cellular and molecular interactions, with some demonstrating anti-SARS-CoV-2 activity in vitro. This review explores the evaluation and potential therapeutic applications of these plants against SARS-CoV-2. This review summarises the latest evidence on the activity of different plant extracts and their isolated bioactive compounds against SARS-CoV-2, with a focus on the application of plant-derived compounds in animal models and in human studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingxiu Liu
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Newcastle University, Newcastle-Upon-Tyne, UK
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle-Upon-Tyne, UK
| | - Maxim Kapralov
- School of Natural and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, Agriculture and Engineering, Newcastle University, Newcastle-Upon-Tyne, UK
| | - Mark Ashton
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Newcastle University, Newcastle-Upon-Tyne, UK
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle-Upon-Tyne, UK
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El-Fadaly AA, Younis IY, Abdelhameed MF, Ahmed YH, Ragab TIM, El Gendy AENG, Farag MA, Elshamy AI, Elgamal AM. Protective Action Mechanisms of Launaea mucronata Extract and Its Nano-Formulation against Nephrotoxicity in Rats as Revealed via Biochemical, Histopathological, and UPLC-QTOF-MS/MS Analyses. Metabolites 2023; 13:786. [PMID: 37512493 PMCID: PMC10384424 DOI: 10.3390/metabo13070786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2023] [Revised: 06/16/2023] [Accepted: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Plants belonging to the Launaea genus have been extensively utilized ethnopharmacologically to treat a variety of diseases, including kidney disorders. Chromium is a common industrial pollutant that has been linked to kidney disease. The present work was designed for the investigation of the UPLC-QTOF-MS/MS metabolite profile of the L. mucronate ethanolic extract (LME), along with assessing the mechanistic protective actions of LME and its nano-silver formulation (LMNS) against K2Cr2O7-induced nephrotoxicity in rats. LMNE was successfully biosynthesized and confirmed using UV-Visible (UV-Vis) spectroscopy and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The nephroprotective effects of LME and LMNE was assessed in rats exposed to potassium dichromate (K2Cr2O7, 15 mg/kg BW) to cause nephrotoxicity. LME and LMNS, separately, were administered twice daily for 14 days at doses of 200 and 400 mg/kg BW, respectively. The kidney function, catalase, UGT, Nrf2, PGE2, Cox-2, ERK, and MAPK levels in renal tissue were all assessed, along with histopathological examinations for exploring their ameliorative effects. Forty-five bioactive metabolites were annotated belonging to flavonoids, phenolic and organic acids, coumarins, and fatty acids. Metabolite profiling revealed that chlorogenic acid, apigenin, and luteolin glycosides were the main phenolics, with chlorogenic acid-O-hexoside reported for the first time in LME. The findings revealed that the serum kidney function indicators (urea and creatinine) were markedly elevated in K2Cr2O7-intoxicated rats. Furthermore, inflammatory indicators (COX-2 and PGE2), MAPK, and ERK were all markedly elevated in kidney tissue, whereas catalase, UGT, and Nrf2 levels were downregulated. Histological and immunohistochemical assays confirmed the toxic effects of K2Cr2O7 in the kidneys. In contrast, the administration of LME and LMNS prior to K2Cr2O7 considerably improved the architecture of the renal tissue, while also restoring levels of most biochemical markers. Functioning via the inhibition of the MAPK/ERK pathway, activating Nrf2, and modifying the antioxidant and metabolic enzymes, LME and LMNS exerted their nephroprotective effects against K2Cr2O7-induced toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amany A El-Fadaly
- Pharmacology Department, National Research Centre, 33 El Bohouth St., Dokki, Giza 12622, Egypt
| | - Inas Y Younis
- Pharmacognosy Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Kasr el Aini St., Cairo 11562, Egypt
| | - Mohamed F Abdelhameed
- Pharmacology Department, National Research Centre, 33 El Bohouth St., Dokki, Giza 12622, Egypt
| | - Yasmine H Ahmed
- Department of Cytology and Histology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza 12211, Egypt
| | - Tamer I M Ragab
- Chemistry of Natural and Microbial Products Department, National Research Centre, 33 El-Bohouth St., Dokki, Giza 12622, Egypt
| | - Abd El-Nasser G El Gendy
- Medicinal and Aromatic Plants Research Department, National Research Centre, Dokki, Giza 12622, Egypt
| | - Mohamed A Farag
- Pharmacognosy Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Kasr el Aini St., Cairo 11562, Egypt
| | - Abdelsamed I Elshamy
- Chemistry of Natural Compounds Department, National Research Centre, 33 El Bohouth St., Dokki, Giza 12622, Egypt
| | - Abdelbaset M Elgamal
- Chemistry of Natural and Microbial Products Department, National Research Centre, 33 El-Bohouth St., Dokki, Giza 12622, Egypt
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Cao H. Editorial for the Special Issue on Plant Polyphenols in the Immune and Inflammatory Responses. Biomolecules 2023; 13:biom13050814. [PMID: 37238684 DOI: 10.3390/biom13050814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Inflammation and associated immune diseases have placed a heavy burden on health care systems [...].
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Affiliation(s)
- Heping Cao
- United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Southern Regional Research Center, New Orleans, LA 70124, USA
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Chen X, Xu X, Lv J, Huang J, Lyu L, Liu L. Potential Mechanisms of Perillae folium Against COVID-19: A Network Pharmacology Approach. J Med Food 2023. [PMID: 36787478 DOI: 10.1089/jmf.2022.k.0029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/16/2023] Open
Abstract
In China, Perillae folium is widely used to treat colds, especially in the early stages of cold; the effect of taking P. folium is readily noticeable at that time. The active compounds and targets of P. folium were screened from Traditional Chinese Medicine Systems Pharmacology, Chinese Pharmacopoeia, and UniProt. Targets related to the initiation and progression of 2019 Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) were retrieved from Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man and GeneCards. The potential therapeutic targets of P. folium on COVID-19 were the cross targets between them. Enrichment analysis of Gene Ontology (GO) function and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway were conducted by using the Database for Annotation, Visualization and Integrated Discovery website. Molecular docking between key compounds and core targets was performed with AutoDock. The effects of P. folium extract and rosmarinic acid on inflammatory cytokines were tested by a cellular inflammatory model. The "Perillae folium-compound-target-COVID-19" network contained 11 kinds of compounds and 33 matching targets. There were 261 items in the GO functions (P < .05) and 67 items linked to the KEGG signaling pathways (P < .05). Luteolin and rosmarinic acid were key compounds of P. folium. Their docking with the core targets mitogen-activated protein kinase 1 (MAPK1) and chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 2 (CCL2), respectively, showed that they had good affinity with each other. Cell experiments demonstrated that P. folium extract had inhibitory effects on interleukin-6 and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α in cells, and was better than rosmarinic acid. Luteolin, rosmarinic acid, and other individual active compounds in P. folium, which may participate in PI3K-Akt, TNF, Jak-STAT, COVID-19, and other multisignaling pathways through multiple targets such as MAPK1 and CCL2, and play a therapeutic role in COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- XuHan Chen
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Zhejiang Wanli University, Ningbo, China
| | - Xu Xu
- Research and Development Department, Ningbo Dayang Science and Technology Limited Company, Ningbo, China
| | - Jia Lv
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Zhejiang Wanli University, Ningbo, China
| | - JinQin Huang
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Zhejiang Wanli University, Ningbo, China
| | - LingLing Lyu
- Research and Development Department, Ningbo Dayang Science and Technology Limited Company, Ningbo, China
| | - LiPing Liu
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Zhejiang Wanli University, Ningbo, China
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Huang L, Kim MY, Cho JY. Immunopharmacological Activities of Luteolin in Chronic Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24032136. [PMID: 36768462 PMCID: PMC9917216 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24032136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Revised: 01/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Flavonoids have been shown to have anti-oxidative effects, as well as other health benefits (e.g., anti-inflammatory and anti-tumor functions). Luteolin (3', 4', 5,7-tetrahydroxyflavone) is a flavonoid found in vegetables, fruits, flowers, and herbs, including celery, broccoli, green pepper, navel oranges, dandelion, peppermint, and rosemary. Luteolin has multiple useful effects, especially in regulating inflammation-related symptoms and diseases. In this paper, we summarize the studies about the immunopharmacological activity of luteolin on anti-inflammatory, anti-cardiovascular, anti-cancerous, and anti-neurodegenerative diseases published since 2018 and available in PubMed or Google Scholar. In this review, we also introduce some additional formulations of luteolin to improve its solubility and bioavailability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Huang
- Department of Biocosmetics, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Mi-Yeon Kim
- School of Systems Biomedical Science, Soongsil University, Seoul 06978, Republic of Korea
- Correspondence: (M.-Y.K.); (J.Y.C.); Tel.:+82-2-820-0458 (M.-Y.K.); +82-31-290-7868 (J.Y.C.)
| | - Jae Youl Cho
- Department of Biocosmetics, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
- Correspondence: (M.-Y.K.); (J.Y.C.); Tel.:+82-2-820-0458 (M.-Y.K.); +82-31-290-7868 (J.Y.C.)
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