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Guo L, Yuan H, Zhu H, Zhou J, Wan Z, Zhou Y. SPAG5 deficiency activates autophagy to reduce atherosclerotic plaque formation in ApoE -/- mice. BMC Cardiovasc Disord 2024; 24:275. [PMID: 38807081 PMCID: PMC11131316 DOI: 10.1186/s12872-024-03945-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2023] [Accepted: 05/16/2024] [Indexed: 05/30/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Autophagy, as a regulator of cell survival, plays an important role in atherosclerosis (AS). Sperm associated antigen 5 (SPAG5) is closely associated with the classical autophagy pathway, PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway. This work attempted to investigate whether SPAG5 can affect AS development by regulating autophagy. METHODS Human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) were treated with oxidized-low density lipoprotein (ox-LDL) to induce cell damage. ApoE-/- mice were fed a Western diet to establish an AS mouse model. Haematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining and Oil Red O staining evaluated the pathological changes and in lipid deposition in aortic tissues. CCK-8 and flow cytometry detected cell proliferation and apoptosis. Immunohistochemistry, Enzyme linked immunosorbent assay, qRT-PCR and western blotting assessed the levels of mRNA and proteins. RESULTS Ox-LDL treatment elevated SPAG5 expression and the expression of autophagy-related proteins, LC3-I, LC3-II, Beclin-1, and p62, in HUVECs. GFP-LC3 dots were increased in ox-LDL-treated HUVECs and LPS-treated HUVECs. SPAG5 knockdown reversed both ox-LDL and LPS treatment-mediated inhibition of cell proliferation and promotion of apoptosis in HUVECs. SPAG5 silencing further elevated autophagy and repressed the expression of PI3K, p-Akt/Akt, and p-mTOR/mTOR in ox-LDL-treated HUVECs. 3-MA (autophagy inhibitor) treatment reversed SPAG5 silencing-mediated increase of cell proliferation and decrease of apoptosis in ox-LDL-treated HUVECs. In vivo, SPAG5 knockdown reduced atherosclerotic plaques in AS mice through activating autophagy and inhibiting PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway. CONCLUSION This work demonstrated that SPAG5 knockdown alleviated AS development through activating autophagy. Thus, SPAG5 may be a potential target for AS therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liangyun Guo
- Department of Ultrasound, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, No.1, Minde Road, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330006, China
| | - Huijing Yuan
- Department of Obstetrics, Jiangxi Maternal and Child Health Hospital, No. 318 Bayi avenue, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330006, China
| | - Huayao Zhu
- Department of ICU, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, No.1 Minde Road, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330006, China
| | - Jie Zhou
- Department of ICU, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, No.1 Minde Road, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330006, China
| | - Zixin Wan
- Department of ICU, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, No.1 Minde Road, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330006, China
| | - Yihua Zhou
- Department of ICU, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, No.1 Minde Road, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330006, China.
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Skeyni A, Pradignac A, Matz RL, Terrand J, Boucher P. Cholesterol trafficking, lysosomal function, and atherosclerosis. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2024; 326:C473-C486. [PMID: 38145298 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00415.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Revised: 12/17/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 12/26/2023]
Abstract
Despite years of study and major research advances over the past 50 years, atherosclerotic diseases continue to rank as the leading global cause of death. Accumulation of cholesterol within the vascular wall remains the main problem and represents one of the early steps in the development of atherosclerotic lesions. There is a complex relationship between vesicular cholesterol transport and atherosclerosis, and abnormalities in cholesterol trafficking can contribute to the development and progression of the lesions. The dysregulation of vesicular cholesterol transport and lysosomal function fosters the buildup of cholesterol within various intracytoplasmic compartments, including lysosomes and lipid droplets. This, in turn, promotes the hallmark formation of foam cells, a defining feature of early atherosclerosis. Multiple cellular processes, encompassing endocytosis, exocytosis, intracellular trafficking, and autophagy, play crucial roles in influencing foam cell formation and atherosclerotic plaque stability. In this review, we highlight recent advances in the understanding of the intricate mechanisms of vesicular cholesterol transport and its relationship with atherosclerosis and discuss the importance of understanding these mechanisms in developing strategies to prevent or treat this prevalent cardiovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alaa Skeyni
- UMR-S INSERM 1109, University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Alain Pradignac
- UMR-S INSERM 1109, University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Rachel L Matz
- UMR-S INSERM 1109, University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Jérôme Terrand
- UMR-S INSERM 1109, University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
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Luquain-Costaz C, Delton I. Oxysterols in Vascular Cells and Role in Atherosclerosis. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2024; 1440:213-229. [PMID: 38036882 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-43883-7_11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2023]
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is a major cardiovascular complication of diseases associated with elevated oxidative stress such as type 2 diabetes and metabolic syndrome. In these situations, low-density lipoproteins (LDL) undergo oxidation. Oxidized LDL displays proatherogenic activities through multiple and complex mechanisms which lead to dysfunctions of vascular cells (endothelial cells, smooth muscle cells, and macrophages). Oxidized LDLs are enriched in oxidized products of cholesterol called oxysterols formed either by autoxidation, enzymatically, or by both mechanisms. Several oxysterols have been shown to accumulate in atheroma plaques and to play a key role in atherogenesis. Depending on the type of oxysterols, various biological effects are exerted on vascular cells to regulate the formation of macrophage foam cells, endothelial integrity, adhesion and transmigration of monocytes, plaque progression, and instability. Most of these effects are linked to the ability of oxysterols to induce cellular oxidative stress and cytotoxicity mainly through apoptosis and proinflammatory mediators. Like for excess cholesterol, high-density lipoproteins (HDL) can exert antiatherogenic activity by stimulating the efflux of oxysterols that have accumulated in foamy macrophages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Celine Luquain-Costaz
- CNRS 5007, LAGEPP, Université of Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Villeurbanne, France
- Department of Biosciences, INSA Lyon, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Isabelle Delton
- CNRS 5007, LAGEPP, Université of Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Villeurbanne, France.
- Department of Biosciences, INSA Lyon, Villeurbanne, France.
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Bonam SR, Mastrippolito D, Georgel P, Muller S. Pharmacological targets at the lysosomal autophagy-NLRP3 inflammasome crossroads. Trends Pharmacol Sci 2024; 45:81-101. [PMID: 38102020 DOI: 10.1016/j.tips.2023.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2023] [Revised: 11/14/2023] [Accepted: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023]
Abstract
Many aspects of cell homeostasis and integrity are maintained by the nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain (NOD)-like receptor (NLR) family pyrin domain-containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome. The NLRP3 oligomeric protein complex assembles in response to exogenous and endogenous danger signals. This inflammasome has also been implicated in the pathogenesis of a range of disease conditions, particularly chronic inflammatory diseases. Given that NLRP3 modulates autophagy, which is also a key regulator of inflammasome activity, excessive inflammation may be controlled by targeting this intersecting pathway. However, specific niche areas of NLRP3-autophagy interactions and their reciprocal regulatory mechanisms remain underexplored. Consequently, we lack treatment methods specifically targeting this pivotal axis. Here, we discuss the potential of such strategies in the context of autoimmune and metabolic diseases and propose some research avenues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Srinivasa Reddy Bonam
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA
| | - Dylan Mastrippolito
- CNRS-University of Strasbourg, Biotechnology and Cell Signaling, Illkirch, France; Strasbourg Institute of Drug Discovery and Development (IMS), Strasbourg, France
| | - Philippe Georgel
- CNRS-University of Strasbourg, Biotechnology and Cell Signaling, Illkirch, France; Strasbourg Institute of Drug Discovery and Development (IMS), Strasbourg, France; Fédération Hospitalo-Universitaire (FHU) OMICARE, Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg (FMTS), Strasbourg University, Strasbourg, France
| | - Sylviane Muller
- CNRS-University of Strasbourg, Biotechnology and Cell Signaling, Illkirch, France; Strasbourg Institute of Drug Discovery and Development (IMS), Strasbourg, France; Fédération Hospitalo-Universitaire (FHU) OMICARE, Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg (FMTS), Strasbourg University, Strasbourg, France; University of Strasbourg Institute for Advanced Study (USIAS), Strasbourg, France.
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Munteanu C. Hydrogen Sulfide and Oxygen Homeostasis in Atherosclerosis: A Systematic Review from Molecular Biology to Therapeutic Perspectives. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24098376. [PMID: 37176083 PMCID: PMC10179092 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24098376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2023] [Revised: 05/03/2023] [Accepted: 05/05/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is a complex pathological condition marked by the accumulation of lipids in the arterial wall, leading to the development of plaques that can eventually rupture and cause thrombotic events. In recent years, hydrogen sulfide (H2S) has emerged as a key mediator of cardiovascular homeostasis, with potential therapeutic applications in atherosclerosis. This systematic review highlights the importance of understanding the complex interplay between H2S, oxygen homeostasis, and atherosclerosis and suggests that targeting H2S signaling pathways may offer new avenues for treating and preventing this condition. Oxygen homeostasis is a critical aspect of cardiovascular health, and disruption of this balance can contribute to the development and progression of atherosclerosis. Recent studies have demonstrated that H2S plays an important role in maintaining oxygen homeostasis by regulating the function of oxygen-sensing enzymes and transcription factors in vascular cells. H2S has been shown to modulate endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) activity, which plays a key role in regulating vascular tone and oxygen delivery to tissues. The comprehensive analysis of the current understanding of H2S in atherosclerosis can pave the way for future research and the development of new therapeutic strategies for this debilitating condition. PROSPERO ID: 417150.
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Affiliation(s)
- Constantin Munteanu
- Faculty of Medical Bioengineering, University of Medicine and Pharmacy "Grigore T. Popa" Iași, 700454 Iași, Romania
- Teaching Emergency Hospital "Bagdasar-Arseni" (TEHBA), 041915 Bucharest, Romania
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Jiang B, Zhou X, Yang T, Wang L, Feng L, Wang Z, Xu J, Jing W, Wang T, Su H, Yang G, Zhang Z. The role of autophagy in cardiovascular disease: Cross-interference of signaling pathways and underlying therapeutic targets. Front Cardiovasc Med 2023; 10:1088575. [PMID: 37063954 PMCID: PMC10090687 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2023.1088575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2022] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Autophagy is a conserved lysosomal pathway for the degradation of cytoplasmic proteins and organelles, which realizes the metabolic needs of cells and the renewal of organelles. Autophagy-related genes (ATGs) are the main molecular mechanisms controlling autophagy, and their functions can coordinate the whole autophagic process. Autophagy can also play a role in cardiovascular disease through several key signaling pathways, including PI3K/Akt/mTOR, IGF/EGF, AMPK/mTOR, MAPKs, p53, Nrf2/p62, Wnt/β-catenin and NF-κB pathways. In this paper, we reviewed the signaling pathway of cross-interference between autophagy and cardiovascular diseases, and analyzed the development status of novel cardiovascular disease treatment by targeting the core molecular mechanism of autophagy as well as the critical signaling pathway. Induction or inhibition of autophagy through molecular mechanisms and signaling pathways can provide therapeutic benefits for patients. Meanwhile, we hope to provide a unique insight into cardiovascular treatment strategies by understanding the molecular mechanism and signaling pathway of crosstalk between autophagy and cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing Jiang
- Department of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Gansu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou, China
| | - Xuan Zhou
- Department of First Clinical Medicine, Gansu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou, China
| | - Tao Yang
- Department of Basic Medicine, Gansu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou, China
| | - Linlin Wang
- Department of First Clinical Medicine, Gansu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou, China
| | - Longfei Feng
- Department of Basic Medicine, Gansu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou, China
| | - Zheng Wang
- Department of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Gansu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou, China
| | - Jin Xu
- Department of First Clinical Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Weiyao Jing
- Department of Acupuncture-Moxibustion and Tuina, Gansu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou, China
| | - Tao Wang
- Research Center for Translational Medicine, Gansu Province Academic Institute for Medical Research, Gansu Provincial Cancer Hospital, Lanzhou, China
| | - Haixiang Su
- Research Center for Translational Medicine, Gansu Province Academic Institute for Medical Research, Gansu Provincial Cancer Hospital, Lanzhou, China
| | - GuoWei Yang
- Center for Heart, First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Zheng Zhang
- Department of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Gansu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou, China
- Center for Heart, First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
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