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Deng Y, Sheng Y, Zhang G, Sun Y, Wang L, Ji P, Zhu J, Wang G, Liu B, Zhou EM, Cai X, Tu Y, Hiscox JA, Stewart JP, Mu Y, Zhao Q. A novel strategy for an anti-idiotype vaccine: nanobody mimicking neutralization epitope of porcine circovirus type 2. J Virol 2024; 98:e0165023. [PMID: 38271227 PMCID: PMC10878242 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.01650-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Vaccination is the most effective method to protect humans and animals from diseases. Anti-idiotype vaccines are safer due to their absence of pathogens. However, the commercial production of traditional anti-idiotype vaccines using monoclonal and polyclonal antibodies (mAb and pAb) is complex and has a high failure rate. The present study designed a novel, simple, low-cost strategy for developing anti-idiotype vaccines with nanobody technology. We used porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) as a viral model, which can result in serious economic loss in the pig industry. The neutralizing mAb-1E7 (Ab1) against PCV2 capsid protein (PCV2-Cap) was immunized in the camel. And 12 nanobodies against mAb-1E7 were screened. Among them, Nb61 (Ab2) targeted the idiotype epitope of mAb-1E7 and blocked mAb-1E7's binding to PCV2-Cap. Additionally, a high-dose Nb61 vaccination can also protect mice and pigs from PCV2 infection. Epitope mapping showed that mAb-1E7 recognized the 75NINDFL80 of PCV2-Cap and 101NYNDFLG107 of Nb61. Subsequently, the mAb-3G4 (Ab3) against Nb61 was produced and can neutralize PCV2 infection in the PK-15 cells. Structure analysis showed that the amino acids of mAb-1E7 and mAb-3G4 respective binding to PCV2-Cap and Nb61 were also similar on the amino acids sequences and spatial conformation. Collectively, our study first provided a strategy for producing nanobody-based anti-idiotype vaccines and identified that anti-idiotype nanobodies could mimic the antigen on amino acids and structures. Importantly, as more and more neutralization mAbs against different pathogens are prepared, anti-idiotype nanobody vaccines can be easily produced against the disease with our strategy, especially for dangerous pathogens.IMPORTANCEAnti-idiotype vaccines utilize idiotype-anti-idiotype network theory, eliminating the need for external antigens as vaccine candidates. Especially for dangerous pathogens, they were safer because they did not contact the live pathogenic microorganisms. However, developing anti-idiotype vaccines with traditional monoclonal and polyclonal antibodies is complex and has a high failure rate. We present a novel, universal, simple, low-cost strategy for producing anti-idiotype vaccines with nanobody technology. Using a neutralization antibody against PCV2-Cap, a nanobody (Ab2) was successfully produced and could mimic the neutralizing epitope of PCV2-Cap. The nanobody can induce protective immune responses against PCV2 infection in mice and pigs. It highlighted that the anti-idiotype vaccine using nanobody has a very good application in the future, especially for dangerous pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingying Deng
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shannxi, China
- Engineering Research Center of Efficient New Vaccines for Animals, Universities of Shaanxi Province and Ministry of Education, Yangling, China
- Key Laboratory of Ruminant Disease Prevention and Control (West), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Yangling, China
| | - Yamin Sheng
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shannxi, China
- Engineering Research Center of Efficient New Vaccines for Animals, Universities of Shaanxi Province and Ministry of Education, Yangling, China
- Key Laboratory of Ruminant Disease Prevention and Control (West), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Yangling, China
| | - Guixi Zhang
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shannxi, China
- Engineering Research Center of Efficient New Vaccines for Animals, Universities of Shaanxi Province and Ministry of Education, Yangling, China
- Key Laboratory of Ruminant Disease Prevention and Control (West), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Yangling, China
| | - Yani Sun
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shannxi, China
- Engineering Research Center of Efficient New Vaccines for Animals, Universities of Shaanxi Province and Ministry of Education, Yangling, China
- Key Laboratory of Ruminant Disease Prevention and Control (West), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Yangling, China
| | - Lei Wang
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shannxi, China
- Engineering Research Center of Efficient New Vaccines for Animals, Universities of Shaanxi Province and Ministry of Education, Yangling, China
- Key Laboratory of Ruminant Disease Prevention and Control (West), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Yangling, China
| | - Pinpin Ji
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shannxi, China
- Engineering Research Center of Efficient New Vaccines for Animals, Universities of Shaanxi Province and Ministry of Education, Yangling, China
- Key Laboratory of Ruminant Disease Prevention and Control (West), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Yangling, China
| | - Jiahong Zhu
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shannxi, China
- Engineering Research Center of Efficient New Vaccines for Animals, Universities of Shaanxi Province and Ministry of Education, Yangling, China
- Key Laboratory of Ruminant Disease Prevention and Control (West), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Yangling, China
| | - Gang Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China
| | - Baoyuan Liu
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shannxi, China
- Engineering Research Center of Efficient New Vaccines for Animals, Universities of Shaanxi Province and Ministry of Education, Yangling, China
- Key Laboratory of Ruminant Disease Prevention and Control (West), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Yangling, China
| | - En-Min Zhou
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shannxi, China
| | - Xuehui Cai
- Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Yabin Tu
- Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Julian A. Hiscox
- Department of Infection Biology and Microbiomes, Institute of Infection, Veterinary and Ecological Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - James P. Stewart
- Department of Infection Biology and Microbiomes, Institute of Infection, Veterinary and Ecological Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Yang Mu
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shannxi, China
- Engineering Research Center of Efficient New Vaccines for Animals, Universities of Shaanxi Province and Ministry of Education, Yangling, China
- Key Laboratory of Ruminant Disease Prevention and Control (West), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Yangling, China
| | - Qin Zhao
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shannxi, China
- Engineering Research Center of Efficient New Vaccines for Animals, Universities of Shaanxi Province and Ministry of Education, Yangling, China
- Key Laboratory of Ruminant Disease Prevention and Control (West), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Yangling, China
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Zohra T, Saeed F, Ikram A, Khan T, Alam S, Adil M, Gul A, Almawash S, Ayaz M. Nanomedicine as a potential novel therapeutic approach against the dengue virus. Nanomedicine (Lond) 2023; 18:1567-1584. [PMID: 37753727 DOI: 10.2217/nnm-2022-0217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Dengue is an arbovirus infection which is transmitted by Aedes mosquitoes. Its prompt detection and effective treatment is a global health challenge. Various nanoparticle-based vaccines have been formulated to present immunogen (antigens) to instigate an immune response or prevent virus spread, but no specific treatment has been devised. This review explores the role of nanomedicine-based therapeutic agents against dengue virus, taking into consideration the applicable dengue virus assays that are sensitive, specific, have a short turnaround time and are inexpensive. Various kinds of metallic, polymeric and lipid nanoparticles with safe and effective profiles present an alternative strategy that could provide a better remedy for eradicating the dengue virus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanzeel Zohra
- Public Health Laboratories Division, National Institute of Health, Islamabad, 45500, Pakistan
| | - Faryal Saeed
- Department of Biotechnology, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, 45320, Pakistan
| | - Aamer Ikram
- Public Health Laboratories Division, National Institute of Health, Islamabad, 45500, Pakistan
| | - Tariq Khan
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Malakand, University of Malakand, Chakdara, 18800 Dir (L), KP, Pakistan
| | - Siyab Alam
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Malakand, University of Malakand, Chakdara, 18800 Dir (L), KP, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Adil
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Malakand, University of Malakand, Chakdara, 18800 Dir (L), KP, Pakistan
| | - Ayesha Gul
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Polytechnique Montreal, H3T IJ4, Canada
| | - Saud Almawash
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Shaqra University, Shaqra, 11961, Saudi Arabia
| | - Muhammad Ayaz
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Malakand, Chakdara, 18800 Dir (L), KP, Pakistan
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