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Gao Q, Yang YQ, Nie HN, Wang BQ, Peng X, Wang N, Li JK, Rao JJ, Xue YL. Investigating the impact of ultrasound on the structural, physicochemical, and emulsifying characteristics of Dioscorin: Insights from experimental data and molecular dynamics simulation. Food Chem 2024; 453:139581. [PMID: 38754354 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2024.139581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2024] [Revised: 04/28/2024] [Accepted: 05/05/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024]
Abstract
This study investigated the impact of ultrasound treatment on dioscorin, the primary storage protein found in yam tubers. Three key factors, namely ultrasound power, duration, and frequency, were focused on. The research revealed that ultrasound-induced cavitation effects disrupted non-covalent bonds, resulting in a reduction in α-helix and β-sheet contents, decreased thermal stability, and a decrease in the apparent hydrodynamic diameter (Dh) of dioscorin. Additionally, previously hidden amino acid groups within the molecule became exposed on its surface, resulting in increased surface hydrophobicity (Ho) and zeta-potential. Under specific ultrasound conditions (200 W, 25 kHz, 30 min), Dh decreased while Ho increased, facilitating the adsorption of dioscorin molecules onto the oil-water interface. Molecular dynamics (MD) simulations showed that at lower frequencies and pressures, the structural flexibility of dioscorin's main chain atoms increased, leading to more significant fluctuations between amino acid residues. This transformation improved dioscorin's emulsifying properties and its oil-water interface affinity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Gao
- College of Light Industry, Liaoning University, Shenyang 110036, China; Department of Regional Economic Development, Party School of Liaoning Provincial Party Committee, Shenyang 110161, China
| | - Yu-Qi Yang
- College of Light Industry, Liaoning University, Shenyang 110036, China
| | - Hao-Nan Nie
- College of Light Industry, Liaoning University, Shenyang 110036, China
| | - Bing-Qing Wang
- College of Light Industry, Liaoning University, Shenyang 110036, China
| | - Xue Peng
- College of Light Industry, Liaoning University, Shenyang 110036, China
| | - Ning Wang
- College of Light Industry, Liaoning University, Shenyang 110036, China
| | - Jiang-Kuo Li
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Postharvest Physiology and Storage of Agricultural Products, National Engineering and Technology Research Center for Preservation of Agricultural Products, Tianjin 300384, China
| | - Jia-Jia Rao
- Department of Plant Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND 58108, USA
| | - You-Lin Xue
- College of Light Industry, Liaoning University, Shenyang 110036, China.
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2
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Vacek J, Zatloukalová M, Dorčák V, Cifra M, Futera Z, Ostatná V. Electrochemistry in sensing of molecular interactions of proteins and their behavior in an electric field. Mikrochim Acta 2023; 190:442. [PMID: 37847341 PMCID: PMC10582152 DOI: 10.1007/s00604-023-05999-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/18/2023]
Abstract
Electrochemical methods can be used not only for the sensitive analysis of proteins but also for deeper research into their structure, transport functions (transfer of electrons and protons), and sensing their interactions with soft and solid surfaces. Last but not least, electrochemical tools are useful for investigating the effect of an electric field on protein structure, the direct application of electrochemical methods for controlling protein function, or the micromanipulation of supramolecular protein structures. There are many experimental arrangements (modalities), from the classic configuration that works with an electrochemical cell to miniaturized electrochemical sensors and microchip platforms. The support of computational chemistry methods which appropriately complement the interpretation framework of experimental results is also important. This text describes recent directions in electrochemical methods for the determination of proteins and briefly summarizes available methodologies for the selective labeling of proteins using redox-active probes. Attention is also paid to the theoretical aspects of electron transport and the effect of an external electric field on the structure of selected proteins. Instead of providing a comprehensive overview, we aim to highlight areas of interest that have not been summarized recently, but, at the same time, represent current trends in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Vacek
- Department of Medical Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University, Hnevotinska 3, 77515, Olomouc, Czech Republic.
| | - Martina Zatloukalová
- Department of Medical Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University, Hnevotinska 3, 77515, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Vlastimil Dorčák
- Department of Medical Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University, Hnevotinska 3, 77515, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Michal Cifra
- Institute of Photonics and Electronics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Chaberska 1014/57, 18200, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Zdeněk Futera
- Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, Branisovska 1760, 37005, Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic
| | - Veronika Ostatná
- Institute of Biophysics, The Czech Academy of Sciences, v.v.i., Kralovopolska 135, 61200, Brno, Czech Republic
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3
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Lee KZ, Jeon J, Jiang B, Subramani SV, Li J, Zhang F. Protein-Based Hydrogels and Their Biomedical Applications. Molecules 2023; 28:4988. [PMID: 37446650 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28134988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2023] [Revised: 06/16/2023] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Hydrogels made from proteins are attractive materials for diverse medical applications, as they are biocompatible, biodegradable, and amenable to chemical and biological modifications. Recent advances in protein engineering, synthetic biology, and material science have enabled the fine-tuning of protein sequences, hydrogel structures, and hydrogel mechanical properties, allowing for a broad range of biomedical applications using protein hydrogels. This article reviews recent progresses on protein hydrogels with special focus on those made of microbially produced proteins. We discuss different hydrogel formation strategies and their associated hydrogel properties. We also review various biomedical applications, categorized by the origin of protein sequences. Lastly, current challenges and future opportunities in engineering protein-based hydrogels are discussed. We hope this review will inspire new ideas in material innovation, leading to advanced protein hydrogels with desirable properties for a wide range of biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kok Zhi Lee
- Department of Energy, Environmental & Chemical Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, One Brookings Drive, Saint Louis, MI 63130, USA
| | - Juya Jeon
- Department of Energy, Environmental & Chemical Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, One Brookings Drive, Saint Louis, MI 63130, USA
| | - Bojing Jiang
- Department of Energy, Environmental & Chemical Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, One Brookings Drive, Saint Louis, MI 63130, USA
| | - Shri Venkatesh Subramani
- Department of Energy, Environmental & Chemical Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, One Brookings Drive, Saint Louis, MI 63130, USA
| | - Jingyao Li
- Department of Energy, Environmental & Chemical Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, One Brookings Drive, Saint Louis, MI 63130, USA
| | - Fuzhong Zhang
- Department of Energy, Environmental & Chemical Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, One Brookings Drive, Saint Louis, MI 63130, USA
- Institute of Materials Science and Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, One Brookings Drive, Saint Louis, MI 63130, USA
- Division of Biological & Biomedical Sciences, Washington University in St. Louis, One Brookings Drive, Saint Louis, MI 63130, USA
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Guan J, Yao L, Chung CR, Chiang YC, Lee TY. StackTHPred: Identifying Tumor-Homing Peptides through GBDT-Based Feature Selection with Stacking Ensemble Architecture. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:10348. [PMID: 37373494 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241210348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2023] [Revised: 05/31/2023] [Accepted: 06/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
One of the major challenges in cancer therapy lies in the limited targeting specificity exhibited by existing anti-cancer drugs. Tumor-homing peptides (THPs) have emerged as a promising solution to this issue, due to their capability to specifically bind to and accumulate in tumor tissues while minimally impacting healthy tissues. THPs are short oligopeptides that offer a superior biological safety profile, with minimal antigenicity, and faster incorporation rates into target cells/tissues. However, identifying THPs experimentally, using methods such as phage display or in vivo screening, is a complex, time-consuming task, hence the need for computational methods. In this study, we proposed StackTHPred, a novel machine learning-based framework that predicts THPs using optimal features and a stacking architecture. With an effective feature selection algorithm and three tree-based machine learning algorithms, StackTHPred has demonstrated advanced performance, surpassing existing THP prediction methods. It achieved an accuracy of 0.915 and a 0.831 Matthews Correlation Coefficient (MCC) score on the main dataset, and an accuracy of 0.883 and a 0.767 MCC score on the small dataset. StackTHPred also offers favorable interpretability, enabling researchers to better understand the intrinsic characteristics of THPs. Overall, StackTHPred is beneficial for both the exploration and identification of THPs and facilitates the development of innovative cancer therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiahui Guan
- School of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong (Shenzhen) 2001 Longxiang Road, Shenzhen 518172, China
| | - Lantian Yao
- Kobilka Institute of Innovative Drug Discovery, School of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong (Shenzhen), 2001 Longxiang Road, Shenzhen 518172, China
- School of Science and Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong (Shenzhen), 2001 Longxiang Road, Shenzhen 518172, China
| | - Chia-Ru Chung
- Kobilka Institute of Innovative Drug Discovery, School of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong (Shenzhen), 2001 Longxiang Road, Shenzhen 518172, China
| | - Ying-Chih Chiang
- School of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong (Shenzhen) 2001 Longxiang Road, Shenzhen 518172, China
- Kobilka Institute of Innovative Drug Discovery, School of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong (Shenzhen), 2001 Longxiang Road, Shenzhen 518172, China
| | - Tzong-Yi Lee
- Institute of Bioinformatics and Systems Biology, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan
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Functional, structural properties and interaction mechanism of soy protein isolate nanoparticles modified by high-performance protein-glutaminase. Food Hydrocoll 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodhyd.2023.108594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/16/2023]
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6
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Zhang W, Tian F, Liu S, Cai L. Effects of magnetic nanoscale combined radio frequency or microwave thawing on conformation of sea bass myosin heavy chain: a molecular dynamics study. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2023; 103:856-864. [PMID: 36050814 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.12197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Revised: 07/27/2022] [Accepted: 09/03/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The consumption of frozen foods inevitably involves a thawing process. Protein conformation changes during a short thawing process and the quantification of their effects remains challenging. Molecular dynamics simulations can be used to evaluate the conformational changes of protein occurring in food processing. RESULTS In the present study, four different thawing methods were used [i.e. magnetic nanometer combined with microwave thawing (MT-Mag), magnetic nanometer combined with radio frequency thawing (RT-Mag), radio frequency thawing (RT) and microwave thawing (MT)] to change the conformation of myosin heavy chain (MHC). The results obtained showed that, compared with the fresh sample, the hydrogen bond number and radius of gyration of the RT-Mag and RT groups were less decreased. Visual molecular dynamics STRIDE analysis showed that the content of the α helix was relatively high in the RT-Mag and MT-Mag groups. CONCLUSION These simulation results indicate that RT-Mag can be used as an effective method for promoting the thawing process of fish and better stabilizing the protein structure. These conclusions provide a theoretical realization for understanding the protein conformational transition during the thawing process and the realization of quantification and also provide guidance for choosing better thawing conditions without loss of nutritional properties. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wendi Zhang
- Ningbo Research Institute, College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Ningbo, China
- College of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang Engineering Research Center for Intelligent Marine Ranch Equipment, NingboTech University, Ningbo, China
| | - Fang Tian
- Key Laboratory of Health Risk Factors for Seafood of Zhejiang Province, College of Food Science and Pharmaceutics, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan, China
| | - Shucheng Liu
- College of Food Science and Technology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Product Processing and Safety, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Luyun Cai
- Ningbo Research Institute, College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Ningbo, China
- College of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang Engineering Research Center for Intelligent Marine Ranch Equipment, NingboTech University, Ningbo, China
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7
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Comprehensive review on physical properties of supercritical carbon dioxide calculated by molecular simulation. KOREAN J CHEM ENG 2023. [DOI: 10.1007/s11814-022-1316-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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8
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Akharume F, Adedeji A. Molecular dynamic (in silico) modeling of structure-function of glutelin type-B 5-like from proso millet storage protein: effects of temperature and pressure. JOURNAL OF FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2023; 60:114-122. [PMID: 36618049 PMCID: PMC9813304 DOI: 10.1007/s13197-022-05594-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 08/08/2022] [Accepted: 09/03/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Molecular dynamic (MD) simulation provides an insight into the behavior of a protein under applied processing at the molecular level. The behavior of glutelin type-B 5-like protein, a type of glutelin protein from proso millet was studied, in solution under different temperatures (300, 350, and 400 K) and pressure (1 bar, 3 kbar, and 6 kbar) levels using a molecular dynamics simulation approach. The combined treatment effect (400 K, 6 kbar) increased the compaction of the protein compared to the level at (300 K, 1 bar) as shown by the decreased radius of gyration values from 3.26 to 2.92 nm, decreased solvent accessibility surface area from 327.47 to 311.06 nm2 and decreased volume from 108.35 to 105.04 nm3. The root means square deviation increased with increasing temperature but decreased with increasing pressure while the root means square fluctuations increased significantly with increased in temperature and pressure. A snapshot of the three-dimensional structure of the protein revealed compression of its occluded cavities at higher pressure levels but no obvious disruption to the secondary structure elements of the protein was observed, except for the loss of a few amino acid residues that comprise the secondary structure element. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s13197-022-05594-y.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felix Akharume
- Department of Biosystems and Agricultural Engineering, University of Kentucky, 128 Charles E. Barnhart Building, Lexington, KY 40506 USA
| | - Akinbode Adedeji
- Department of Biosystems and Agricultural Engineering, University of Kentucky, 128 Charles E. Barnhart Building, Lexington, KY 40506 USA
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9
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Cao M, Liao L, Zhang X, Chen X, Peng S, Zou L, Liang R, Liu W. Electric field-driven fabrication of anisotropic hydrogels from plant proteins: Microstructure, gel performance and formation mechanism. Food Hydrocoll 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodhyd.2022.108297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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10
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Ma KK, Greis M, Lu J, Nolden AA, McClements DJ, Kinchla AJ. Functional Performance of Plant Proteins. Foods 2022; 11:foods11040594. [PMID: 35206070 PMCID: PMC8871229 DOI: 10.3390/foods11040594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2022] [Revised: 02/05/2022] [Accepted: 02/09/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Increasingly, consumers are moving towards a more plant-based diet. However, some consumers are avoiding common plant proteins such as soy and gluten due to their potential allergenicity. Therefore, alternative protein sources are being explored as functional ingredients in foods, including pea, chickpea, and other legume proteins. The factors affecting the functional performance of plant proteins are outlined, including cultivars, genotypes, extraction and drying methods, protein level, and preparation methods (commercial versus laboratory). Current methods to characterize protein functionality are highlighted, including water and oil holding capacity, protein solubility, emulsifying, foaming, and gelling properties. We propose a series of analytical tests to better predict plant protein performance in foods. Representative applications are discussed to demonstrate how the functional attributes of plant proteins affect the physicochemical properties of plant-based foods. Increasing the protein content of plant protein ingredients enhances their water and oil holding capacity and foaming stability. Industrially produced plant proteins often have lower solubility and worse functionality than laboratory-produced ones due to protein denaturation and aggregation during commercial isolation processes. To better predict the functional performance of plant proteins, it would be useful to use computer modeling approaches, such as quantitative structural activity relationships (QSAR).
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Kai Ma
- Department of Food Science, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, USA; (K.K.M.); (M.G.); (J.L.); (A.A.N.); (D.J.M.)
| | - Maija Greis
- Department of Food Science, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, USA; (K.K.M.); (M.G.); (J.L.); (A.A.N.); (D.J.M.)
- Department of Food and Nutrition, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jiakai Lu
- Department of Food Science, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, USA; (K.K.M.); (M.G.); (J.L.); (A.A.N.); (D.J.M.)
| | - Alissa A. Nolden
- Department of Food Science, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, USA; (K.K.M.); (M.G.); (J.L.); (A.A.N.); (D.J.M.)
| | - David Julian McClements
- Department of Food Science, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, USA; (K.K.M.); (M.G.); (J.L.); (A.A.N.); (D.J.M.)
| | - Amanda J. Kinchla
- Department of Food Science, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, USA; (K.K.M.); (M.G.); (J.L.); (A.A.N.); (D.J.M.)
- Correspondence:
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11
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Wu H, Ghaani MR, Nandi PK, English NJ. Investigation of Dipolar Response of the Hydrated Hen-Egg White Lysozyme Complex under Externally Applied Electric Fields: Insights from Non-equilibrium Molecular Dynamics. J Phys Chem B 2022; 126:858-868. [PMID: 35060735 PMCID: PMC8819654 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.1c07096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- HaoLun Wu
- School of Chemical & Bioprocess Engineering, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Mohammad Reza Ghaani
- School of Chemical & Bioprocess Engineering, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Prithwish K. Nandi
- School of Chemical & Bioprocess Engineering, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
- Irish Centre for High-End Computing, Trinity Enterprise Centre, Pearse Street, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Niall J. English
- School of Chemical & Bioprocess Engineering, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
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12
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Zhang Q, Shao D, Xu P, Jiang Z. Effects of an Electric Field on the Conformational Transition of the Protein: Pulsed and Oscillating Electric Fields with Different Frequencies. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 14:polym14010123. [PMID: 35012145 PMCID: PMC8747415 DOI: 10.3390/polym14010123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2021] [Revised: 12/03/2021] [Accepted: 12/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The effect of pulsed and oscillating electric fields with different frequencies on the conformational properties of all-α proteins was investigated by molecular dynamics simulations. The root mean square deviation, the root mean square fluctuation, the dipole moment distribution, and the secondary structure analysis were used to assess the protein samples’ structural characteristics. In the simulation, we found that the higher frequency of the electric field influences the rapid response to the secondary structural transitions. However, the conformational changes measured by RMSD are diminished by applying the electrical field with a higher frequency. During the dipole moment analysis, we found that the magnitude and frequency of the dipole moment was directly related to the strength and frequency of the external electric field. In terms of the type of electric fields, we found that the average values of RMSD and RMSF of whole molecular protein are larger when the protein is exposed in the pulsed electric field. Concerning the typical sample 1BBL, the secondary structure analysis showed that two alpha-helix segments both transit to turns or random coils almost simultaneously when it is exposed in a pulsed electric field. Meanwhile, two segments present the different characteristic times when the transition occurs in the condition of an oscillating electric field. This study also demonstrated that the protein with fewer charged residues or more residues in forming α-helical structures display the higher conformational stability. These conclusions, achieved using MD simulations, provide a theoretical understanding of the effect of the frequency and expression form of external electric fields on the conformational changes of the all-α proteins with charged residues and the guidance for anticipative applications.
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Hajjari MM, Sharif N. In-silico behavior of dissolved prolamins under electric field effect applied by electrospinning process using molecular dynamics simulation. J Mol Liq 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2021.117778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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14
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Zhu Y, Wang J, Vanga SK, Raghavan V. Visualizing structural changes of egg avidin to thermal and electric field stresses by molecular dynamics simulation. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2021.112139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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15
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Barbhuiya RI, Singha P, Singh SK. A comprehensive review on impact of non-thermal processing on the structural changes of food components. Food Res Int 2021; 149:110647. [PMID: 34600649 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2021.110647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2021] [Revised: 08/17/2021] [Accepted: 08/18/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Non-thermal food processing is a viable alternative to traditional thermal processing to meet customer needs for high-quality, convenient and minimally processed foods. They are designed to eliminate elevated temperatures during processing and avoid the adverse effects of heat on food products. Numerous thermal and novel non-thermal technologies influence food structure at the micro and macroscopic levels. They affect several properties such as rheology, flavour, process stability, texture, and appearance at microscopic and macroscopic levels. This review presents existing knowledge and advances on the impact of non-thermal technologies, for instance, cold plasma treatment, irradiation, high-pressure processing, ultrasonication, pulsed light technology, high voltage electric field and pulsed electric field treatment on the structural changes of food components. An extensive review of the literature indicates that different non-thermal processing technologies can affect the food components, which significantly affects the structure of food. Applications of novel non-thermal technologies have shown considerable impact on food structure by altering protein structures via free radicals or larger or smaller molecules. Lipid oxidation is another process responsible for undesirable effects in food when treated with non-thermal techniques. Non-thermal technologies may also affect starch properties, reduce molecular weight, and change the starch granule's surface. Such modification of food structure could create novel food textures, enhance sensory properties, improve digestibility, improve water-binding ability and improve mediation of gelation processes. However, it is challenging to determine these technologies' influence on food components due to differences in their primary operation and equipment design mechanisms and different operating conditions. Hence, to get the most value from non-thermal technologies, more in-depth research about their effect on various food components is required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rahul Islam Barbhuiya
- Department of Food Process Engineering, National Institute of Technology (NIT) Rourkela, Rourkela 769008, Odisha, India
| | - Poonam Singha
- Department of Food Process Engineering, National Institute of Technology (NIT) Rourkela, Rourkela 769008, Odisha, India.
| | - Sushil Kumar Singh
- Department of Food Process Engineering, National Institute of Technology (NIT) Rourkela, Rourkela 769008, Odisha, India.
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Batista Napotnik T, Polajžer T, Miklavčič D. Cell death due to electroporation - A review. Bioelectrochemistry 2021; 141:107871. [PMID: 34147013 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioelechem.2021.107871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 155] [Impact Index Per Article: 51.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2021] [Revised: 05/12/2021] [Accepted: 06/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Exposure of cells to high voltage electric pulses increases transiently membrane permeability through membrane electroporation. Electroporation can be reversible and is used in gene transfer and enhanced drug delivery but can also lead to cell death. Electroporation resulting in cell death (termed as irreversible electroporation) has been successfully used as a new non-thermal ablation method of soft tissue such as tumours or arrhythmogenic heart tissue. Even though the mechanisms of cell death can influence the outcome of electroporation-based treatments due to use of different electric pulse parameters and conditions, these are not elucidated yet. We review the mechanisms of cell death after electroporation reported in literature, cell injuries that may lead to cell death after electroporation and membrane repair mechanisms involved. The knowledge of membrane repair and cell death mechanisms after cell exposure to electric pulses, targets of electric field in cells need to be identified to optimize existing and develop of new electroporation-based techniques used in medicine, biotechnology, and food technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tina Batista Napotnik
- University of Ljubljana, Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Tržaška cesta 25, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Tamara Polajžer
- University of Ljubljana, Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Tržaška cesta 25, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Damijan Miklavčič
- University of Ljubljana, Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Tržaška cesta 25, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia.
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17
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Průša J, Ayoub AT, Chafai DE, Havelka D, Cifra M. Electro-opening of a microtubule lattice in silico. Comput Struct Biotechnol J 2021; 19:1488-1496. [PMID: 33815687 PMCID: PMC7985272 DOI: 10.1016/j.csbj.2021.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2020] [Revised: 02/10/2021] [Accepted: 02/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Modulation of the structure and function of biomaterials is essential for advancing bio-nanotechnology and biomedicine. Microtubules (MTs) are self-assembled protein polymers that are essential for fundamental cellular processes and key model compounds for the design of active bio-nanomaterials. In this in silico study, a 0.5 μs-long all-atom molecular dynamics simulation of a complete MT with approximately 1.2 million atoms in the system indicated that a nanosecond-scale intense electric field can induce the longitudinal opening of the cylindrical shell of the MT lattice, modifying the structure of the MT. This effect is field-strength- and temperature-dependent and occurs on the cathode side. A model was formulated to explain the opening on the cathode side, which resulted from an electric-field-induced imbalance between electric torque on tubulin dipoles and cohesive forces between tubulin heterodimers. Our results open new avenues for electromagnetic modulation of biological and artificial materials through action on noncovalent molecular interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiří Průša
- Institute of Photonics and Electronics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague 18251, Czech Republic
| | - Ahmed Taha Ayoub
- Biomolecular Simulation Center, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Heliopolis University, Cairo 11777, Egypt
| | - Djamel Eddine Chafai
- Institute of Photonics and Electronics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague 18251, Czech Republic
| | - Daniel Havelka
- Institute of Photonics and Electronics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague 18251, Czech Republic
| | - Michal Cifra
- Institute of Photonics and Electronics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague 18251, Czech Republic
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18
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Jain SS, Suresh A, Pirogova E. Effects of oscillating electric fields on conotoxin peptide conformation: A molecular dynamic simulation study. J Mol Graph Model 2021; 103:107799. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jmgm.2020.107799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2020] [Revised: 11/02/2020] [Accepted: 11/03/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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19
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He S, Zhao J, Zhang Y, Zhu Y, Li X, Cao X, Ye Y, Li J, Sun H. Effects of Low-pH Treatment on the Allergenicity Reduction of Black Turtle Bean ( Phaseolus vulgaris L.) Lectin and Its Mechanism. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2021; 69:1379-1390. [PMID: 33464885 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.0c06524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
A high content of potentially allergenic lectin in Phaseolus vulgaris L. beans is of increasing health concerns; however, understanding of the protein allergenicity mechanism on the molecular basis is scarce. In the present study, low-pH treatments were applied to modify black turtle bean lectin allergen, and a sensitization procedure was performed using the BALB/c mice for the allergenicity evaluation, while the conformational changes were monitored by the spectral analyses and the details were explored by the molecular dynamics simulation. Much milder anaphylactic responses were observed in BALB/c mice experiments. At the molecular level, the protein was unfolded in low acidic environments because of protonation, and α-helix was reduced with the exposure of trypsin cleavage sites, especially the improvement of protease accessibility for Lys121, 134, and 157 in the B cell epitope structural alterations. These results indicate that a low-pH treatment might be an efficient method to improve the safety of legume protein consumption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shudong He
- Engineering Research Center of Bio-process of Ministry of Education, School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, Anhui, PR China
| | - Jinlong Zhao
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 255003, Shandong, PR China
| | - Yi Zhang
- Department of Food Science and Agricultural Chemistry, Macdonald Campus, McGill University, Ste-Anne-de-Bellevue, Québec H9X 3 V9, Canada
| | - Yuchen Zhu
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, PR China
| | - Xingjiang Li
- Engineering Research Center of Bio-process of Ministry of Education, School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, Anhui, PR China
| | - Xiaodong Cao
- Engineering Research Center of Bio-process of Ministry of Education, School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, Anhui, PR China
| | - Yongkang Ye
- Engineering Research Center of Bio-process of Ministry of Education, School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, Anhui, PR China
| | - Jing Li
- Department of Biological and Environmental Engineering, Hefei University, Hefei 230009, Anhui PR China
| | - Hanju Sun
- Engineering Research Center of Bio-process of Ministry of Education, School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, Anhui, PR China
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20
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Effect of moderate electric field on structural and thermo-physical properties of sunflower protein and sodium caseinate. INNOV FOOD SCI EMERG 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ifset.2020.102593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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21
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Durham EK, Sastry SK. Moderate Electric Field Treatment Enhances Enzymatic Hydrolysis of Cellulose at Below-Optimal Temperatures. Enzyme Microb Technol 2020; 142:109678. [PMID: 33220866 DOI: 10.1016/j.enzmictec.2020.109678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2020] [Revised: 09/16/2020] [Accepted: 09/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Saccharification of cellulosic biomass for the fermentation of transportation fuels faces several challenges. Cellulose is highly stable, and even with enzymatic assistance, decomposition of cellulose is slow. Additionally, the enzymes are expensive and sensitive to thermal and mechanical inactivation. In this work, we studied the effects of moderate electric field (MEF, in the range from 1 to 1000 V per cm) treatments on the effectiveness of enzymatic saccharification. MEF treatments were applied to determine their effects on enzyme activity. We considered the effects of field strength, frequency, application regime and temperature. It was found that the enzyme responded to alterations in the frequency of the waveform, with 50 to 60 Hz maximizing the effects of the field, although the effects of field strength and application regime were more significant. It was found that the electric field could have a positive, negative, or negligible effect depending on the field strength. Most notably, when MEF treatments were applied over a range of temperatures, it was found that MEF treatment significantly improved enzyme activity at lower temperatures, leading to the observation that MEF treatment imitates a temperature increase. Calculations simulating the electrophoretic motion of the enzymes verified that the magnitude of motion associated with the MEF treatments was qualitatively similar to the change in molecular motion associated with temperature increases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily K Durham
- Department of Food, Agricultural and Biological Engineering, The Ohio State University, 590 Woody Hayes Drive, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA.
| | - Sudhir K Sastry
- Department of Food, Agricultural and Biological Engineering, The Ohio State University, 590 Woody Hayes Drive, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA.
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22
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Dong M, Tian H, Xu Y, Han M, Xu X. Effects of pulsed electric fields on the conformation and gelation properties of myofibrillar proteins isolated from pale, soft, exudative (PSE)-like chicken breast meat: A molecular dynamics study. Food Chem 2020; 342:128306. [PMID: 33069524 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2020.128306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2020] [Revised: 09/29/2020] [Accepted: 10/01/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
The potential of pulsed electric field (PEF) of different intensities (8, 18, and 28 kV/cm) on the conformation and gelation properties of myofibrillar proteins (MPs) extracted from pale, soft, and exudative-like (PSE-like) chicken meat was investigated. The results showed a positive correlation between gelation properties and PEF intensities in the range of 8-18 kV/cm; however, a further increase in intensity had a negative impact. Optimized PEF treatment (18 kV/cm) was capable of inducing MPs with a relatively small particle size, thus contributing to the production of a more homogeneous gel structure. The water distribution and mobility in the gel system significantly changed with increasing PEF intensities, the proportion of immobilized water (P21) increased, and that of free water (P22) decreased. Based on molecular dynamics simulations (MDS), an increasing trend in the number of hydrogen bonds and a reduction in the radius of gyration (Rg) after PEF treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Dong
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Meat Production and Processing, Quality and Safety Control, Key Laboratory of Animal Products Processing, Ministry of Agriculture, Key Laboratory of Meat Processing and Quality Control, Ministry of Education, College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210095, People's Republic of China
| | - Huixin Tian
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Meat Production and Processing, Quality and Safety Control, Key Laboratory of Animal Products Processing, Ministry of Agriculture, Key Laboratory of Meat Processing and Quality Control, Ministry of Education, College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210095, People's Republic of China
| | - Yujuan Xu
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Meat Production and Processing, Quality and Safety Control, Key Laboratory of Animal Products Processing, Ministry of Agriculture, Key Laboratory of Meat Processing and Quality Control, Ministry of Education, College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210095, People's Republic of China
| | - Minyi Han
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Meat Production and Processing, Quality and Safety Control, Key Laboratory of Animal Products Processing, Ministry of Agriculture, Key Laboratory of Meat Processing and Quality Control, Ministry of Education, College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210095, People's Republic of China.
| | - Xinglian Xu
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Meat Production and Processing, Quality and Safety Control, Key Laboratory of Animal Products Processing, Ministry of Agriculture, Key Laboratory of Meat Processing and Quality Control, Ministry of Education, College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210095, People's Republic of China
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23
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Baruah I, Borgohain G. Structural and functional changes of the protein β-lactoglobulin under thermal and electrical processing conditions. Biophys Chem 2020; 267:106479. [PMID: 33027745 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpc.2020.106479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2020] [Revised: 09/15/2020] [Accepted: 09/15/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
In the present study we have tried to explore the effect of static external electric field of strength 3.0 V/nm on the conformational changes adopted by the protein β-lactoglobulin. We have chosen different temperatures viz. 300 K, 400 K and 450 K to evaluate the temperature dependent effect of electric field. We have observed that combined effect of high temperature and static external electric field show significant changes on the structural conformation of the protein which in turn may affect the functional properties of the protein. Calculations of root mean square deviations reveal that both helical and β-sheet regions of the protein are noticeably affected at high temperature. We have used solvent accessible surface area (SASA) and dipole moment values to explain that there is changes in hydrophobicity of the protein surface due to presence of external electric field. The study reveals that electric field in combination with high temperature can be used to alter the conformation of the protein and the effect of external electric field is more pronounced at high temperature than that of low temperature. The study provides a better understanding of the conformational changes adopted by the protein under the stress of external electric field and high temperature and provide guidance to choose optimum conditions for processing without loss of nutritional properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Indrani Baruah
- Department of Chemistry, Cotton University, Guwahati, Assam 781001, India
| | - Gargi Borgohain
- Department of Chemistry, Cotton University, Guwahati, Assam 781001, India.
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24
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Hub Proteins Involved in RAW 264.7 Macrophages Exposed to Direct Current Electric Field. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21124505. [PMID: 32599940 PMCID: PMC7352442 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21124505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2020] [Revised: 06/14/2020] [Accepted: 06/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
At present, studies on macrophage proteins mainly focus on biological stimuli, with less attention paid to the responses of macrophage proteins to physical stimuli, such as electric fields. Here, we exploited the electric field-sensitive hub proteins of macrophages. RAW 264.7 macrophages were treated with a direct current electric field (dcEF) (200 mV/mm) for four hours, followed by RNA-Seq analysis. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were obtained, followed by Gene Ontology (GO), Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway (KEGG) and protein–protein interaction (PPI) analysis. Eight qPCR-verified DEGs were selected. Subsequently, three-dimensional protein models of DEGs were modeled by Modeller and Rosetta, followed by molecular dynamics simulation for 200 ns with GROMACS. Finally, dcEFs (10, 50, and 500 mV/mm) were used to simulate the molecular dynamics of DEG proteins for 200 ns, followed by trajectory analysis. The dcEF has no obvious effect on RAW 264.7 morphology. A total of 689 DEGs were obtained, and enrichment analysis showed that the steroid biosynthesis pathway was most affected by the dcEF. Moreover, the three-dimensional protein structures of hub proteins were constructed, and trajectory analysis suggested that the dcEF caused an increase in the atomic motion of the protein in a dcEF-intensity-dependent manner. Overall, we provide new clues and a basis for investigating the hub proteins of macrophages in response to electric field stimulation.
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25
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Wang J, Vanga SK, Raghavan V. Structural responses of kiwifruit allergen Act d 2 to thermal and electric field stresses based on molecular dynamics simulations and experiments. Food Funct 2020; 11:1373-1384. [DOI: 10.1039/c9fo02427a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Kiwifruit is considered to be the most common plant-based food causing allergic reactions, after peanuts, soybeans, and wheat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Wang
- Department of Bioresource Engineering
- Faculty of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences
- McGill University
- Quebec
- Canada
| | - Sai Kranthi Vanga
- Department of Bioresource Engineering
- Faculty of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences
- McGill University
- Quebec
- Canada
| | - Vijaya Raghavan
- Department of Bioresource Engineering
- Faculty of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences
- McGill University
- Quebec
- Canada
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26
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Průša J, Cifra M. Molecular dynamics simulation of the nanosecond pulsed electric field effect on kinesin nanomotor. Sci Rep 2019; 9:19721. [PMID: 31873109 PMCID: PMC6928163 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-56052-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2019] [Accepted: 11/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Kinesin is a biological molecular nanomotor which converts chemical energy into mechanical work. To fulfill various nanotechnological tasks in engineered environments, the function of biological molecular motors can be altered by artificial chemical modifications. The drawback of this approach is the necessity of designing and creating a new motor construct for every new task. We propose that intense nanosecond-scale pulsed electric field could modify the function of nanomotors. To explore this hypothesis, we performed molecular dynamics simulation of a kinesin motor domain docked on a subunit of its microtubule track - a single tubulin heterodimer. In the simulation, we exposed the kinesin motor domain to intense (100 MV/m) electric field up to 30 ns. We found that both the magnitude and angle of the kinesin dipole moment are affected. Furthermore, we found that the electric field affects contact surface area between kinesin and tubulin, the structure and dynamics of the functionally important kinesin segments, including microtubule binding motifs as well as nucleotide hydrolysis site which power the nanomotor. These findings indicate that external intense nanosecond-scale electric field could alter kinesin behavior. Our results contribute to developing novel electromagnetic methods for modulating the function of biomolecular matter at the nanoscale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiří Průša
- Institute of Photonics and Electronics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Chaberska 1014/57, Prague, 18251, Czech Republic.,Faculty of Chemical Engineering, University of Chemistry and Technology Prague, Technicka 5, Prague, 16628, Czech Republic
| | - Michal Cifra
- Institute of Photonics and Electronics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Chaberska 1014/57, Prague, 18251, Czech Republic.
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27
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Urbizo-Reyes U, San Martin-González MF, Garcia-Bravo J, López Malo Vigil A, Liceaga AM. Physicochemical characteristics of chia seed (Salvia hispanica) protein hydrolysates produced using ultrasonication followed by microwave-assisted hydrolysis. Food Hydrocoll 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodhyd.2019.105187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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28
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Varghese T, Pare A. Effect of microwave assisted extraction on yield and protein characteristics of soymilk. J FOOD ENG 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfoodeng.2019.05.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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29
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Vanga SK, Wang J, Singh A, Raghavan V. Simulations of Temperature and Pressure Unfolding in Soy Allergen Gly m 4 Using Molecular Modeling. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2019; 67:12547-12557. [PMID: 31613616 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.9b05140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
This study aims at understanding the changes in the structural properties of Gly m 4 soy allergen as a result of the influence of the temperature and pressure deviations. The primary emphasis was placed on analyzing the surface properties of suspected linear and conformational epitopes present in the Gly m 4 allergen. All three epitopes of Gly m 4 were studied, and the results showed that the molecule has significant structural changes in terms of solvent-accessible surface area (SASA) and radius of gyration, which showed that the increased pressures resulted in compaction. However, at lower temperatures and higher pressures (300 K and 6 kbar), swelling in the molecule was observed with a significant increase in the surface area. The study also tracked the changes in surface areas of individual residues that are part of the selected epitopes. Residues, such as D-27 and T-51, were found to have significant changes in their SASA as a result of temperature and pressure deviations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sai Kranthi Vanga
- Department of Bioresource Engineering, Faculty of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences , McGill University , Sainte-Anne-de-Bellevue , Québec H9X 3V9 , Canada
| | - Jin Wang
- Department of Bioresource Engineering, Faculty of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences , McGill University , Sainte-Anne-de-Bellevue , Québec H9X 3V9 , Canada
| | - Ashutosh Singh
- Department of Biological Engineering, School of Engineering , University of Guelph , Guelph , Ontario N1G 2W1 , Canada
| | - Vijaya Raghavan
- Department of Bioresource Engineering, Faculty of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences , McGill University , Sainte-Anne-de-Bellevue , Québec H9X 3V9 , Canada
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30
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Tubulin response to intense nanosecond-scale electric field in molecular dynamics simulation. Sci Rep 2019; 9:10477. [PMID: 31324834 PMCID: PMC6642143 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-46636-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2019] [Accepted: 06/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Intense pulsed electric fields are known to act at the cell membrane level and are already being exploited in biomedical and biotechnological applications. However, it is not clear if electric pulses within biomedically-attainable parameters could directly influence intra-cellular components such as cytoskeletal proteins. If so, a molecular mechanism of action could be uncovered for therapeutic applications of such electric fields. To help clarify this question, we first identified that a tubulin heterodimer is a natural biological target for intense electric fields due to its exceptional electric properties and crucial roles played in cell division. Using molecular dynamics simulations, we then demonstrated that an intense - yet experimentally attainable - electric field of nanosecond duration can affect the bβ-tubulin’s C-terminus conformations and also influence local electrostatic properties at the GTPase as well as the binding sites of major tubulin drugs site. Our results suggest that intense nanosecond electric pulses could be used for physical modulation of microtubule dynamics. Since a nanosecond pulsed electric field can penetrate the tissues and cellular membranes due to its broadband spectrum, our results are also potentially significant for the development of new therapeutic protocols.
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31
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Saxena R, Vanga SK, Raghavan V. Effect of thermal and microwave processing on secondary structure of bovine β-lactoglobulin: A molecular modeling study. J Food Biochem 2019; 43:e12898. [PMID: 31353721 DOI: 10.1111/jfbc.12898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2018] [Revised: 01/26/2019] [Accepted: 04/08/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Milk allergy is known to cause severe allergic reactions in hypersensitive patients, especially in infants and children. β-Lactoglobulin is one of the major allergens in bovine milk. The influence of thermal and microwave processing on the structural deviations of β-lactoglobulin protein have been studied using molecular modeling techniques. The structural deviations are studied using root mean square deviations, radius of gyration, dipole moment, and solvent accessible surface area. STRIDE analysis showed significant changes in the β-lactoglobulin, especially when oscillating electric fields were applied along with heat. Root mean square fluctuations (RMSF) has been assessed for known epitopes in the β-lactoglobulin molecule. This showed that when the protein is exposed to certain thermal stress, it compacts by burying hydrophobic residues in the core. However, few allergic epitope residues also exhibit increased RMSF leading to higher reactive sites on the surface of the protein molecule. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS: This study showed that molecular modeling can be used to gain valuable insights regarding the structural changes during processing. In the future, with more computational capacity, it can be used to make comparison between results obtained from simulations and real-time experiments. The current techniques used in food industries such as Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Fourier Transformation Infrared Spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction can analyze pre- and post-processing effects. Hence, it become necessary to understand the changes that takes place during the processing techniques. Molecular dynamic simulation could be a useful technique in analyzing the changes occurring during the processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachit Saxena
- Faculty of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Department of Bioresource Engineering, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Sai Kranthi Vanga
- Faculty of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Department of Bioresource Engineering, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Vijaya Raghavan
- Faculty of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Department of Bioresource Engineering, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
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32
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Yang PK. Effect of external electric field on the solvent forces in hydrophilic solutes. Chem Phys 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chemphys.2018.11.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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33
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Chen G, Huang K, Miao M, Feng B, Campanella OH. Molecular Dynamics Simulation for Mechanism Elucidation of Food Processing and Safety: State of the Art. Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf 2018; 18:243-263. [PMID: 33337012 DOI: 10.1111/1541-4337.12406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2018] [Revised: 10/07/2018] [Accepted: 10/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Molecular dynamics (MD) simulation is a useful technique to study the interaction between molecules and how they are affected by various processes and processing conditions. This review summarizes the application of MD simulations in food processing and safety, with an emphasis on the effects that emerging nonthermal technologies (for example, high hydrostatic pressure, pulsed electric field) have on the molecular and structural characteristics of foods and biomaterials. The advances and potential projection of MD simulations in the science and engineering aspects of food materials are discussed and focused on research work conducted to study the effects of emerging technologies on food components. It is expected by showing key case studies that it will stir novel developments as a valuable tool to study the effects of emerging food technologies on biomaterials. This review is useful to food researchers and the food industry, as well as researchers and practitioners working on flavor and nutraceutical encapsulations, dietary carbohydrate product developments, modified starches, protein engineering, and other novel food applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gang Chen
- School of Food Science and Technology, Henan Univ. of Technology, 100 Lianhua St., Zhengzhou 450001, Henan, P. R. China.,State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan Univ., 1800 Lihu Ave., Wuxi, 214122, Jiangsu, P. R. China
| | - Kai Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan Univ., 1800 Lihu Ave., Wuxi, 214122, Jiangsu, P. R. China
| | - Ming Miao
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan Univ., 1800 Lihu Ave., Wuxi, 214122, Jiangsu, P. R. China
| | - Biao Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan Univ., 1800 Lihu Ave., Wuxi, 214122, Jiangsu, P. R. China
| | - Osvaldo H Campanella
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan Univ., 1800 Lihu Ave., Wuxi, 214122, Jiangsu, P. R. China.,Agricultural and Biological Engineering, and Dept. of Food Science, Whistler Center for Carbohydrate Research, Purdue Univ., 745 Agriculture Mall Dr., West Lafayette, IN, 47906, U.S.A
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34
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Adsorption characteristics of various proteins on a metal surface in the presence of an external electric potential. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2018; 166:262-268. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2018.03.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2017] [Revised: 03/22/2018] [Accepted: 03/23/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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35
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Samaranayake CP, Sastry SK. In-situ activity of α-amylase in the presence of controlled-frequency moderate electric fields. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2017.12.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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36
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Comparison of Conventional and Microwave Treatment on Soymilk for Inactivation of Trypsin Inhibitors and In Vitro Protein Digestibility. Foods 2018; 7:foods7010006. [PMID: 29316679 PMCID: PMC5789269 DOI: 10.3390/foods7010006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2017] [Revised: 12/22/2017] [Accepted: 12/27/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Soymilk is lower in calories compared to cow’s milk, since it is derived from a plant source (no cholesterol) and is an excellent source of protein. Despite the beneficial factors, soymilk is considered as one of the most controversial foods in the world. It contains serine protease inhibitors which lower its nutritional value and digestibility. Processing techniques for the elimination of trypsin inhibitors and lipoxygenase, which have shorter processing time and lower production costs are required for the large-scale manufacturing of soymilk. In this study, the suitable conditions of time and temperature are optimized during microwave processing to obtain soymilk with maximum digestibility with inactivation of trypsin inhibitors, in comparison to the conventional thermal treatment. The microwave processing conditions at a frequency of 2.45 GHz and temperatures of 70 °C, 85 °C and 100 °C for 2, 5 and 8 min were investigated and were compared to conventional thermal treatments at the same temperature for 10, 20 and 30 min. Response surface methodology is used to design and optimize the experimental conditions. Thermal processing was able to increase digestibility by 7% (microwave) and 11% (conventional) compared to control, while trypsin inhibitor activity reduced to 1% in microwave processing and 3% in conventional thermal treatment when compared to 10% in raw soybean.
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Chaimanatsakun A, Japrung D, Pongprayoon P. Multiscale simulation studies of geometrical effects on solution transport through nanopores. MOLECULAR SIMULATION 2018. [DOI: 10.1080/08927022.2017.1334881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Attaphon Chaimanatsakun
- Faculty of Engineering at Sriracha, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Kasetsart University, Sriracha, Thailand
| | - Deanpen Japrung
- National Nanotechnology Center, National Science and Technology Development Agency, Pathumthani, Thailand
| | - Prapasiri Pongprayoon
- Faculty of Science, Department of Chemistry, Kasetsart University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Center for Advanced Studies in Nanotechnology for Chemical, Food and Agricultural Industries, KU Institute for Advanced Studies, Kasetsart University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Computational Biomodelling Laboratory for Agricultural Science and Technology (CBLAST), Kasetsart University, Bangkok, Thailand
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Application of non-invasive low strength pulsed electric field to EGCG treatment synergistically enhanced the inhibition effect on PANC-1 cells. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0188885. [PMID: 29186186 PMCID: PMC5706709 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0188885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2017] [Accepted: 11/14/2017] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Traditional therapies for pancreatic cancer are usually expensive and likely to cause side effects, and most patients have the risk of recurrence and suffering pain. Here, we investigated combination treatment of epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) and non-invasive low strength pulsed electric field (PEF) on the human pancreatic cell line PANC-1. Cells were cultured in various concentrations of EGCG and exposed to trains of PEF. The results showed that the low strength PEF alone or single treatment with low concentration of EGCG did not obviously affect the cell proliferation and migration in PANC-1. However, the EGCG-induced inhibitions of cell viability and migration ability in PANC-1 were dramatically enhanced by the further exposure of low strength PEF (60 V/cm). In particular, the same combination treatment caused less inhibition of cell viability in non-malignant HEK293 cells. We also found the combination treatment significantly decreased the ratio of Bcl-2/Bax protein and increased caspase activity in PANC-1 cells, resulting in the promotion of apoptotic responses, evidenced by chromatin condensation. The findings of the present study reveal the synergistic reactions in the combination treatment may severely disturb mitochondria, enhance the intrinsic pathway transduction, and effectively induce apoptosis; moreover, the migration and invasion of PANC-1 cancer cells were also significantly suppressed. Since normal cells are less sensitive to this combination treatment, and the non-invasive PEF could be modified to focus on a specific location, this treatment may serve as a promising method for anti-cancer therapy.
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Singh A, Vanga SK, Orsat V, Raghavan V. Application of molecular dynamic simulation to study food proteins: A review. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2017; 58:2779-2789. [DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2017.1341864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ashutosh Singh
- School of Engineering, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Sai Kranthi Vanga
- Faculty of Agriculture and Environmental Studies, Department of Bioresource Engineering, McGill University, Sainte-Anne-de-Bellevue, QC, Canada
| | - Valerie Orsat
- Faculty of Agriculture and Environmental Studies, Department of Bioresource Engineering, McGill University, Sainte-Anne-de-Bellevue, QC, Canada
| | - Vijaya Raghavan
- Faculty of Agriculture and Environmental Studies, Department of Bioresource Engineering, McGill University, Sainte-Anne-de-Bellevue, QC, Canada
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Misra NN, Martynenko A, Chemat F, Paniwnyk L, Barba FJ, Jambrak AR. Thermodynamics, transport phenomena, and electrochemistry of external field-assisted nonthermal food technologies. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2017; 58:1832-1863. [DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2017.1287660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- N. N. Misra
- GTECH, Research & Development, General Mills India Private Limited, Mumbai, India
| | - Alex Martynenko
- Department of Engineering, Faculty of Agriculture, Dalhousie University, Canada
| | - Farid Chemat
- Avignon University, INRA, Green Extraction Team, Avignon, France
| | - Larysa Paniwnyk
- Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Coventry University, U.K
| | - Francisco J. Barba
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Preventive Medicine & Public Health, Food Science, Toxicology & Forensic Medicine Department, University of València, València, Spain
| | - Anet Režek Jambrak
- Faculty of Food Technology & Biotechnology, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
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Vagadia BH, Vanga SK, Raghavan V. Inactivation methods of soybean trypsin inhibitor – A review. Trends Food Sci Technol 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tifs.2017.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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42
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Alizadeh H, Davoodi J, Rafii-Tabar H. Deconstruction of the human connexin 26 hemichannel due to an applied electric field; A molecular dynamics simulation study. J Mol Graph Model 2017; 73:108-114. [PMID: 28259639 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmgm.2017.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2016] [Revised: 02/12/2017] [Accepted: 02/13/2017] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Connexins are a 21-member membrane protein family constituting channels evolved in direct communication between adjacent cells by passaging cytoplasmic molecules and ions. Hexametrical assembly of connexin proteins in plasma membrane forms a wide aqueous pore known as connexin hemichannel. These hemichannels mediate cytoplasm and extracellular milieu communication both in many external tissues and in the central nervous system. In this study, a series of molecular dynamics simulations has been performed to investigate the effect of applied static and alternating electric fields on the stability and conformation of human connexin26 hemichannel. The root mean square deviations of C-alpha atoms, the dipole moment distribution, the number of inter-protein hydrogen bonds and the number of water-protein hydrogen bonds were used to assess connexin26 hemichannel stability. In the static field case, our results show that although the lowest field used in this study (0.1V/nm) does not lead to the hemichannel deconstruction, stronger fields (>0.1V/nm), however, disrupt the protein structure during the simulations time period. Furthermore, in the alternating case, compared to static field case, field effects on the connexin26 hemichannel conformation are reduced and consequently the protein maintains its native structure for longer times. Specifically, for the highest frequency used in this study (50GHz), the hemichannel keeps its structure even under the effect of the strongest field (0.4V/nm). According to our results, the protein secondary structure is preserved in the characteristic times determined for the protein deconstruction. Consequently, we suggest that the protein deconstruction is due to the tertiary and quaternary structure loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hadi Alizadeh
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Sciences, University of Zanjan, Zanajn, Iran
| | - Jamal Davoodi
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Sciences, University of Zanjan, Zanajn, Iran
| | - Hashem Rafii-Tabar
- Department of Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran.
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Dalvi-Isfahan M, Hamdami N, Le-Bail A, Xanthakis E. The principles of high voltage electric field and its application in food processing: A review. Food Res Int 2016; 89:48-62. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2016.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2016] [Revised: 08/19/2016] [Accepted: 09/01/2016] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Effect of moderate electric fields on inactivation kinetics of pectin methylesterase in tomatoes: The roles of electric field strength and temperature. J FOOD ENG 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfoodeng.2016.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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45
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Harish Vagadia B, Vanga SK, Singh A, Raghavan V. Effects of thermal and electric fields on soybean trypsin inhibitor protein: A molecular modelling study. INNOV FOOD SCI EMERG 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ifset.2016.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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46
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Yang PK. Effect of external electrostatic field on the stability of β sheet structures. Biopolymers 2016; 101:861-70. [PMID: 24459117 DOI: 10.1002/bip.22464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2013] [Revised: 01/19/2014] [Accepted: 01/21/2014] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
To explore the effect of an external electrostatic field (EEF) on the stability of protein conformations, the molecular dynamic modeling approach was applied to evaluate the effect of an EEF along the x or y direction on a water cluster containing a parallel or antiparallel β sheet structure. The β sheet structure contained two strands with a (Gly)3 sequence separated by a distance d along the x direction. The mean forces between the two strands along the x direction were computed from the trajectories of molecular dynamics simulations. In the absence of the EEF, the forces between the two strands in vacuum were repulsive and attractive in the parallel and antiparallel β sheet structures, respectively. In contrast, the mean forces between the two strands in water were attractive in both the parallel and antiparallel β sheet structures. This is because the electric interactions between the two strands were shielded by water, and the hydrophobic effect dominated the interaction between the two strands. When an EEF >50 MV/cm was applied to the water cluster, the attractive force between the two strands in the parallel and antiparallel β sheet structures decreased and increased, respectively. Further, the binding affinity between the two strands in the parallel and antiparallel β sheet structures also decreased and increased, respectively. This is because the large EEF leads to dielectric saturation, and consequently reduces the effects of the dielectric shielding and hydrophobic interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei-Kun Yang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, I-SHOU University, Kaohsiung 840, Taiwan, Republic of China
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47
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Sastry SK. Toward a Philosophy and Theory of Volumetric Nonthermal Processing. J Food Sci 2016; 81:E1431-46. [DOI: 10.1111/1750-3841.13324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2015] [Revised: 03/02/2016] [Accepted: 03/31/2016] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sudhir K. Sastry
- Dept. of Food; Agricultural and Biological Engineering, the Ohio State Univ; 590 Woody Hayes Drive Columbus OH 43210 U.S.A
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Samaranayake CP, Sastry SK. Effects of controlled-frequency moderate electric fields on pectin methylesterase and polygalacturonase activities in tomato homogenate. Food Chem 2016; 199:265-72. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2015.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2015] [Revised: 11/30/2015] [Accepted: 12/02/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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49
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Setayandeh SS, Lohrasebi A. The effects of external electric fields of 900 MHz and 2450 MHz frequencies on αβ-tubulin dimer stabilized by paclitaxel: Molecular dynamics approach. JOURNAL OF THEORETICAL & COMPUTATIONAL CHEMISTRY 2016. [DOI: 10.1142/s0219633616500103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Using molecular dynamics simulation method, the effects of external electric fields of 900[Formula: see text]MHz and 2450 frequencies on [Formula: see text]-tubulin dimer stabilized by paclitaxel, have been modeled. Due to this purpose, two systems, (A) [Formula: see text]-tubulin dimer and (B) [Formula: see text]-tubulin dimer stabilized by paclitaxel, were exposed to an external electric field of 0.01[Formula: see text]V/nm with frequency values of 900[Formula: see text]MHz and 2450[Formula: see text]MHz. It was found that application of these fields, which are in the range of cell phone and microwave frequencies, increased the flexibility of each system. Since paclitaxel, as chemotherapy drug, is used to increase the rigidity of dimer, application of such fields may disturb the effect of paclitaxel on the dimer. Consequently, negative side effects on the chemotherapy process may be observed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - A. Lohrasebi
- Department of Physics, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran
- Computational Nano-Bioelectromagnetics Research Group, School of Nano-Science Institute for Research in Fundamental Sciences (IPM), Tehran, Iran
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Why do the outer membrane proteins OmpF from E. coli and OprP from P. aeruginosa prefer trimers? Simulation studies. J Mol Graph Model 2016; 65:1-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jmgm.2016.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2015] [Revised: 12/18/2015] [Accepted: 02/06/2016] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
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