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Qulatein HA, Gao W, Fatehi P. Carboxyalkylated Lignin as a Sustainable Dispersant for Coal Water Slurry. Polymers (Basel) 2024; 16:2586. [PMID: 39339050 PMCID: PMC11435015 DOI: 10.3390/polym16182586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2024] [Revised: 08/31/2024] [Accepted: 09/05/2024] [Indexed: 09/30/2024] Open
Abstract
Coal water slurry (CWS) has been considered a cleaner and sustainable alternative to coal. However, the challenging suspension of coal particles in CWS has created a major obstacle to its use in industry. This study presents a novel approach to enhance the stability and rheological properties of coal water slurry (CWS) through the utilization of carboxyalkylated lignin (CL) as a dispersant. The generated CL samples had high water solubility of around 9 g/L and a charge density of around 2 mmol/g. All CLs were able to stabilize the coal suspension, and their performance decreased due to the increase in the alkyl chain length of carboxyalkylated lignin. Carboxymethylated lignin (CL-1) improved the stability of the coal suspensions with the lowest instability index of less than 0.6. The addition of CLs reduced the contact angle of the coal surface from 45.3° to 34.6°, and the increase in the alkyl chain length hampered its effect on contact angle changes. The zeta potential measurements confirmed that the adsorption of CL enhanced the electrostatic repulsion between coal particles in suspensions, and the zeta potential decreased with the increased alkyl chain length of CLs due to increased steric hindrance. The rheology results indicated that CLs demonstrated shear thinning behavior. This innovative method showcases the affinity of carboxyalkylated lignin to improve the performance of CWS, offering an environmentally friendly alternative for producing a cleaner product, i.e., sustainable coal water slurry, with improved suspension stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hussein Ahmad Qulatein
- Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Lille, 59000 Lille, France
- Green Process Research Centre, Department of Chemical Engineering, Lakehead University, 955 Oliver Road, Thunder Bay, ON P7B 5E1, Canada
| | - Weijue Gao
- Green Process Research Centre, Department of Chemical Engineering, Lakehead University, 955 Oliver Road, Thunder Bay, ON P7B 5E1, Canada
| | - Pedram Fatehi
- Green Process Research Centre, Department of Chemical Engineering, Lakehead University, 955 Oliver Road, Thunder Bay, ON P7B 5E1, Canada
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2
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Fattahi N, Fattahi T, Kashif M, Ramazani A, Jung WK. Lignin: A valuable and promising bio-based absorbent for dye removal applications. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 276:133763. [PMID: 39002913 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.133763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2024] [Revised: 06/01/2024] [Accepted: 07/07/2024] [Indexed: 07/15/2024]
Abstract
The importance of environmental issues and the existence of humans have led to the recognition of environmental concerns as the main risk to modern life. Notably, one major concern for protecting and managing the environment and human health is the presence of dyes in wastewater. Therefore, before discharging wastewater into mainstream water, it is crucial to remove dyes. Among all lignocellulosic materials, lignin is a highly fragrant biopolymer. Its abundant availability, complex structure, and numerous functional moieties, including hydroxyl, carboxyl, and phenolic, are used in different chemicals and applications. Based on this, lignin is a very useful green material for adsorption, specifically in removing both heavy metals and organic pollutants from wastewater. This article describes the use of lignin-based adsorbents as a recent breakthrough in the removal of dye from aqueous solutions. On the other hand, the review intends to encourage readers to study both established and novel avenues in lignin-based dye removal materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadia Fattahi
- Marine Integrated Biomedical Technology Center, The National Key Research Institutes in Universities, Pukyong National University, Busan 48513, Republic of Korea; Research Center for Marine Integrated Bionics Technology, Pukyong National University, Busan, 48513, Republic of Korea
| | - Tanya Fattahi
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Health, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran
| | - Muhammad Kashif
- Center for Environmental and Energy Research (CEER) - Engineering of Materials via Catalysis and Characterization, Ghent University Global Campus, 119-5 Songdo munhwa-Ro, Yeonsu-Gu, Incheon, 406-840, South Korea; Department of Green Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, 653 Coupure Links, Ghent B-9000, Belgium
| | - Ali Ramazani
- Department of Chemistry, University of Zanjan, Zanjan 45371-38791, Iran.
| | - Won-Kyo Jung
- Marine Integrated Biomedical Technology Center, The National Key Research Institutes in Universities, Pukyong National University, Busan 48513, Republic of Korea; Research Center for Marine Integrated Bionics Technology, Pukyong National University, Busan, 48513, Republic of Korea; Major of Biomedical Engineering, Division of Smart Healthcare and New-Senior Healthcare Innovation Center (BK21 Plus), Pukyong National University, Busan 48513, Republic of Korea.
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EL-Ghoul Y, Alminderej FM, Alsubaie FM, Alrasheed R, Almousa NH. Recent Advances in Functional Polymer Materials for Energy, Water, and Biomedical Applications: A Review. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:4327. [PMID: 34960878 PMCID: PMC8708011 DOI: 10.3390/polym13244327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2021] [Revised: 12/02/2021] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Academic research regarding polymeric materials has been of great interest. Likewise, polymer industries are considered as the most familiar petrochemical industries. Despite the valuable and continuous advancements in various polymeric material technologies over the last century, many varieties and advances related to the field of polymer science and engineering still promise a great potential for exciting new applications. Research, development, and industrial support have been the key factors behind the great progress in the field of polymer applications. This work provides insight into the recent energy applications of polymers, including energy storage and production. The study of polymeric materials in the field of enhanced oil recovery and water treatment technologies will be presented and evaluated. In addition, in this review, we wish to emphasize the great importance of various functional polymers as effective adsorbents of organic pollutants from industrial wastewater. Furthermore, recent advances in biomedical applications are reviewed and discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yassine EL-Ghoul
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Qassim University, King Abdulaziz Rd, P.O. Box 1162, Buraidah 51452, Saudi Arabia
- Textile Engineering Laboratory, University of Monastir, Monastir 5019, Tunisia
| | - Fahad M. Alminderej
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Qassim University, King Abdulaziz Rd, P.O. Box 1162, Buraidah 51452, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fehaid M. Alsubaie
- National Center for Chemical Catalysis Technology, King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology, P.O. Box 6086, Riyadh 11442, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Radwan Alrasheed
- National Center for Desalination & Water Treatment Technology, King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology, P.O. Box 6086, Riyadh 11442, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Norah H. Almousa
- National Center for Chemical Catalysis Technology, King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology, P.O. Box 6086, Riyadh 11442, Saudi Arabia;
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Alipoormazandarani N, Benselfelt T, Wang L, Wang X, Xu C, Wågberg L, Willför S, Fatehi P. Functional Lignin Nanoparticles with Tunable Size and Surface Properties: Fabrication, Characterization, and Use in Layer-by-Layer Assembly. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:26308-26317. [PMID: 34042445 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c03496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Lignin is the richest source of renewable aromatics and has immense potential for replacing synthetic chemicals. The limited functionality of lignin is, however, challenging for its potential use, which motivates research for creating advanced functional lignin-derived materials. Here, we present an aqueous-based acid precipitation method for preparing functional lignin nanoparticles (LNPs) from carboxymethylated or carboxypentylated lignin. We observe that the longer grafted side chains of carboxypentylated lignin allow for the formation of larger LNPs. The functional nanoparticles have high tolerance against salt and aging time and well-controlled size distribution with Rh ≤ 60 nm over a pH range of 5-11. We further investigate the layer-by-layer (LbL) assembly of the LNPs and poly(allylamine hydrochloride) (PAH) using a stagnation point adsorption reflectometry (SPAR) and quartz crystal microbalance with dissipation (QCM-D). Results demonstrate that LNPs made of carboxypentylated lignin (i.e., PLNPs with the adsorbed mass of 3.02 mg/m2) form a more packed and thicker adlayer onto the PAH surface compared to those made of carboxymethylated lignin (i.e., CLNPs with the adsorbed mass of 2.51 mg/m2). The theoretical flux, J, and initial rate of adsorption, (dΓ/dt)0, analyses confirm that 22% of PLNPs and 20% of CLNPs arriving at the PAH surface are adsorbed. The present study provides a feasible platform for engineering LNPs with a tunable size and adsorption behavior, which can be adapted in bionanomaterial production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niloofar Alipoormazandarani
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Lakehead University, Thunder Bay, ON, Canada
- Laboratory of Natural Materials Technology, Åbo Akademi University, Turku, Finland
| | - Tobias Benselfelt
- Department of Fiber and Polymer Technology, Division of Fibre Technology and Wallenberg Wood Science Center, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Luyao Wang
- Laboratory of Natural Materials Technology, Åbo Akademi University, Turku, Finland
| | - Xiaoju Wang
- Laboratory of Natural Materials Technology, Åbo Akademi University, Turku, Finland
| | - Chunlin Xu
- Laboratory of Natural Materials Technology, Åbo Akademi University, Turku, Finland
| | - Lars Wågberg
- Department of Fiber and Polymer Technology, Division of Fibre Technology and Wallenberg Wood Science Center, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Stefan Willför
- Laboratory of Natural Materials Technology, Åbo Akademi University, Turku, Finland
| | - Pedram Fatehi
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Lakehead University, Thunder Bay, ON, Canada
- State Key Laboratory of Biobased Material and Green Papermaking, Qilu University of Technology, Jinan, Shangdong, China
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Sivagurunathan P, Raj T, Mohanta CS, Semwal S, Satlewal A, Gupta RP, Puri SK, Ramakumar SSV, Kumar R. 2G waste lignin to fuel and high value-added chemicals: Approaches, challenges and future outlook for sustainable development. CHEMOSPHERE 2021; 268:129326. [PMID: 33360003 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.129326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2020] [Revised: 12/01/2020] [Accepted: 12/13/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Lignin is produced as a byproduct in cellulosic biorefinery as well in pulp and paper industries and has the potential for the synthesis of a variety of phenolics chemicals, biodegradable polymers, and high value-added chemicals surrogate to conventional petro-based fuels. Therefore, in this critical review, we emphasize the possible scenario for lignin isolation, transformation into value addition chemicals/materials for the economic viability of current biorefineries. Additionally, this review covers the chemical structure of lignocellulosic biomass/lignin, worldwide availability of lignin and describe various thermochemical (homogeneous/heterogeneous base/acid-catalyzed depolymerization, oxidative, hydrogenolysis etc.) and biotechnological developments for the production of bio-based low molecular weight phenolics, i.e. polyhydroxyalkanoates, vanillin, adipic acid, lipids etc. Besides, some functional chemicals applications, lignin-formaldehyde ion exchange resin, electrochemical and production of few targeted chemicals are also elaborated. Finally, we examine the challenges, opportunities and prospects way forward related to lignin valorization.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Sivagurunathan
- DBT- IOC Advanced Bio Energy Research Center, Indian Oil Corporation Ltd. Research and Development Centre, Sector-13, Faridabad, Haryana, 121007, India
| | - Tirath Raj
- DBT- IOC Advanced Bio Energy Research Center, Indian Oil Corporation Ltd. Research and Development Centre, Sector-13, Faridabad, Haryana, 121007, India
| | - Chandra Sekhar Mohanta
- DBT- IOC Advanced Bio Energy Research Center, Indian Oil Corporation Ltd. Research and Development Centre, Sector-13, Faridabad, Haryana, 121007, India
| | - Surbhi Semwal
- DBT- IOC Advanced Bio Energy Research Center, Indian Oil Corporation Ltd. Research and Development Centre, Sector-13, Faridabad, Haryana, 121007, India
| | - Alok Satlewal
- DBT- IOC Advanced Bio Energy Research Center, Indian Oil Corporation Ltd. Research and Development Centre, Sector-13, Faridabad, Haryana, 121007, India
| | - Ravi P Gupta
- DBT- IOC Advanced Bio Energy Research Center, Indian Oil Corporation Ltd. Research and Development Centre, Sector-13, Faridabad, Haryana, 121007, India
| | - Suresh K Puri
- DBT- IOC Advanced Bio Energy Research Center, Indian Oil Corporation Ltd. Research and Development Centre, Sector-13, Faridabad, Haryana, 121007, India
| | - S S V Ramakumar
- Indian Oil Corporation Ltd. Research and Development Centre, Sector-13, Faridabad, Haryana, 121007, India
| | - Ravindra Kumar
- DBT- IOC Advanced Bio Energy Research Center, Indian Oil Corporation Ltd. Research and Development Centre, Sector-13, Faridabad, Haryana, 121007, India.
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Lignin-derived (nano)materials for environmental pollution remediation: Current challenges and future perspectives. Int J Biol Macromol 2021; 178:394-423. [PMID: 33636266 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.02.165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2020] [Revised: 02/12/2021] [Accepted: 02/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The supply of affordable drinking and sufficiently clean water for human consumption is one of the world's foremost environmental problems and a large number of scientific research works are addressing this issue Various hazardous/toxic environmental contaminants in water bodies, both inorganic and organic (specifically heavy metals and dyes), have become a serious global problem. Nowadays, extensive efforts have been made to search for novel, cost effective and practical biosorbents derived from biomass resources with special attention to value added, biomass-based renewable materials. Lignin and (nano)material adorned lignin derived entities can proficiently and cost effectively remove organic/inorganic contaminants from aqueous media. As low cost of preparation is crucial for their wide applications in water/wastewater treatment (particularly industrial water), future investigations must be devoted to refining and processing the economic viability of low cost, green lignin-derived (nano)materials. Production of functionalized lignin, lignin supported metal/metal oxide nanocomposites or hydrogels is one of the effective approaches in (nano)technology. This review outlines recent research progresses, trends/challenges and future prospects about lignin-derived (nano)materials and their sustainable applications in wastewater treatment/purification, specifically focusing on adsorption and/or catalytic reduction/(photo)degradation of a variety of pollutants.
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Preparation and Characterization of a New Polymeric Multi-Layered Material Based K-Carrageenan and Alginate for Efficient Bio-Sorption of Methylene Blue Dye. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:polym13030411. [PMID: 33525384 PMCID: PMC7865780 DOI: 10.3390/polym13030411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2020] [Revised: 01/20/2021] [Accepted: 01/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The current study highlights a novel bio-sorbent design based on polyelectrolyte multi-layers (PEM) biopolymeric material. First layer was composed of sodium alginate and the second was constituted of citric acid and k-carrageenan. The PEM system was crosslinked to non-woven cellulosic textile material. Resulting materials were characterized using FT-IR, SEM, and thermal analysis (TGA and DTA). FT-IR analysis confirmed chemical interconnection of PEM bio-sorbent system. SEM features indicated that the microspaces between fibers were filled with layers of functionalizing polymers. PEM exhibited higher surface roughness compared to virgin sample. This modification of the surface morphology confirmed the stability and the effectiveness of the grafting method. Virgin cellulosic sample decomposed at 370 °C. However, PEM samples decomposed at 250 °C and 370 °C, which were attributed to the thermal decomposition of crosslinked sodium alginate and k-carrageenan and cellulose, respectively. The bio-sorbent performances were evaluated under different experimental conditions including pH, time, temperature, and initial dye concentration. The maximum adsorbed amounts of methylene blue are 124.4 mg/g and 522.4 mg/g for the untreated and grafted materials, respectively. The improvement in dye sorption evidenced the grafting of carboxylate and sulfonate groups onto cellulose surface. Adsorption process complied well with pseudo-first-order and Langmuir equations.
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Guo Y, Kong F, Fatehi P. Generation and Use of Lignin- g-AMPS in Extended DLVO Theory for Evaluating the Flocculation of Colloidal Particles. ACS OMEGA 2020; 5:21032-21041. [PMID: 32875240 PMCID: PMC7450620 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.0c02598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2020] [Accepted: 07/23/2020] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
In this work, Kraft lignin (KL) was polymerized with 2-acrylamido-2-methylpropane sulfonic acid (AMPS) to generate an anionic water-soluble KL-g-AMPS polymer. The effects of reaction conditions on the charge density of polymers were evaluated to induce lignin-based polymers with the highest anionic charge density. The optimal process conditions were 2.5 mol/mol AMPS/lignin, 0.6 g/g solid/water ratio, 2.0 initiator/lignin weight ratio, 80 °C, 120 min, and pH 1.5, which yielded KL-g-AMPS with the anionic charge density of 4.28 mequiv/g and the grafting ratio of 285%. The chemical structure and compositions of the polymers were confirmed by 1H NMR and elemental analysis. The flocculation performance of the polymer was evaluated in an aluminum oxide suspension, and its performance was compared with that of a homopolymer of AMPS produced under the same conditions. In addition, the extended Derjaguin-Landau-Verwey-Overbeek (XDLVO) theory was applied to study the flocculation mechanism of the polymers and alumina particles. The results revealed that electrostatic interaction was found to be the dominant force in this flocculation process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanzhu Guo
- Liaoning
Key Lab of Pulp and Paper Engineering, Dalian
Polytechnic University, Dalian, Liaoning 116034, China
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, Lakehead University, Thunder Bay, Ontario P7B5E1, Canada
| | - Fangong Kong
- Key
Laboratory of Pulp & Paper Science and Technology, Ministry of
Education, Qilu University of Technology, Jinan, Shandong 250353, China
| | - Pedram Fatehi
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, Lakehead University, Thunder Bay, Ontario P7B5E1, Canada
- Key
Laboratory of Pulp & Paper Science and Technology, Ministry of
Education, Qilu University of Technology, Jinan, Shandong 250353, China
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