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Cheng JJ, Shen J, Suresh Y, Akopyan NA, Kapoor NS. Synchronous metastatic prostate cancer and male breast cancer while on testosterone replacement therapy: Case report. Int J Surg Case Rep 2024; 122:110050. [PMID: 39033702 PMCID: PMC11295538 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijscr.2024.110050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2024] [Revised: 07/11/2024] [Accepted: 07/16/2024] [Indexed: 07/23/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Testosterone replacement therapy (TRT) can improve quality of life for men with hypogonadism. However, it is generally avoided in patients with a history of prostate cancer or breast cancer as there is uncertainty about risks. This case illustrates an example of synchronous metastatic prostate cancer and male breast cancer following TRT. PRESENTATION OF CASE A 72-year-old man with previously treated intermediate-risk prostate adenocarcinoma experienced a gradual rise in prostate-specific antigen (PSA) while self-administering testosterone replacement. He was later found to have recurrent metastatic prostate cancer and prior to initiating androgen deprivation therapy (ADT), he was also diagnosed with male breast cancer. His treatment has consisted of continued ADT for metastatic castration-sensitive prostate cancer (mCSPC) as well as surgical resection of his breast cancer. DISCUSSION ADT plays a role in treatment of male breast cancer and prostate cancer. TRT remains relatively contraindicated in patients with a history of these malignancies, but the evidence supporting this recommendation is somewhat limited. CONCLUSION This case highlights the potential risk for synchronous recurrent prostate and new male breast cancer following TRT. Further studies are needed to better elucidate the increased risks of these malignancies with TRT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin J Cheng
- Greater Los Angeles Veterans Affairs Healthcare System, Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center, 11301 Wilshire Blvd., GRECC-11G, Los Angeles, CA 90073, United States of America.
| | - John Shen
- UCLA David Geffen School of Medicine, Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology and Oncology, 10833 Le Conte Ave., CHS 60-054, Los Angeles, CA 90095, United States of America
| | - Yashila Suresh
- UCLA David Geffen School of Medicine, Department of Surgery, Division of Surgical Oncology, 10833 Le Conte Ave., CHS 77-123, Los Angeles, CA 90095, United States of America
| | - Nelli A Akopyan
- UCLA Health, Department of Surgery, 15503 Ventura Blvd, Suite 150, Encino, CA 91436, United States of America
| | - Nimmi S Kapoor
- UCLA David Geffen School of Medicine, Department of Surgery, Division of Surgical Oncology, 10833 Le Conte Ave., CHS 77-123, Los Angeles, CA 90095, United States of America
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Salloom RJ, Ahmad IM, Abdalla MY. Targeting heme degradation pathway augments prostate cancer cell sensitivity to docetaxel-induced apoptosis and attenuates migration. Front Oncol 2024; 14:1431362. [PMID: 39091910 PMCID: PMC11291216 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2024.1431362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2024] [Accepted: 07/02/2024] [Indexed: 08/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Chemotherapy, notably docetaxel (Doc), stands as the primary treatment for castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC). However, its efficacy is hindered by side effects and chemoresistance. Hypoxia in prostate cancer (PC) correlates with chemoresistance to Doc-induced apoptosis via Heme Oxygenase-1 (HO-1) modulation, a key enzyme in heme metabolism. This study investigated targeting heme degradation pathway via HO-1 inhibition to potentiate the therapeutic efficacy of Doc in PC. Methods Utilizing diverse PC cell lines, we evaluated HO-1 inhibition alone and with Doc on viability, apoptosis, migration, and epithelial- to- mesenchymal transition (EMT) markers and elucidated the underlying mechanisms. Results HO-1 inhibition significantly reduced PC cell viability under hypoxic and normoxic conditions, enhancing Doc-induced apoptosis through interconnected mechanisms, including elevated reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels, glutathione cycle disruption, and modulation of Signal Transducer and Activator of Transcription 1 (STAT1) pathway. The interplay between STAT1 and HO-1 suggests its reliance on HO-1 activation. Additionally, a decrease in cell migration and downregulation of EMT markers (vimentin and snail) were observed, indicating attenuation of mesenchymal phenotype. Discussion In conclusion, the combination of HO-1 inhibition with Doc holds promise for improving therapeutic outcomes and advancing clinical management in PC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramia J. Salloom
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, United States
| | - Iman M. Ahmad
- Department of Clinical, Diagnostic, and Therapeutic Sciences, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, United States
| | - Maher Y. Abdalla
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, United States
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3
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Viscuse P, Devitt M, Dreicer R. Clinical Management of Advanced Prostate Cancer: Where Does Radiopharmaceutical Therapy Fit in the Treatment Algorithm? J Nucl Med 2024; 65:679-685. [PMID: 38604761 DOI: 10.2967/jnumed.123.267006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2024] [Revised: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Most men with newly appreciated metastatic prostate cancer are optimally treated with a backbone consisting of androgen receptor-directed therapy with or without taxane chemotherapy. Despite improvements in disease outcomes, prostate cancer remains an extremely heterogeneous disease with variable mechanisms of therapeutic resistance. As a result, it remains a leading cause of cancer-related death in men. Radiopharmaceutical therapy has emerged as an alternative, non-androgen receptor-directed treatment modality for metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer that impacts patient survival and represents a potentially more personalized approach. In this review, we aim to outline the current treatment landscape for metastatic prostate cancer with a focus on radiopharmaceutical therapy, specifically 177Lu-PSMA-617. In addition, we illustrate various clinical challenges with 177Lu-PSMA-617 treatment to date and explore investigative efforts to leverage radiopharmaceutical therapies as part of combination regimens or earlier in the treatment algorithm to further improve patient outcomes. Finally, we introduce ongoing studies of alternative radiopharmaceutical therapies in metastatic prostate cancer that may be incorporated into the treatment algorithm pending further study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Viscuse
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, and Department of Urology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia
| | - Michael Devitt
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, and Department of Urology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia
| | - Robert Dreicer
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, and Department of Urology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia
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Rehman OU, Nadeem ZA, Fatima E, Akram U, Imran H, Husnain A, Nadeem A, Rasheed W. The Efficacy of Ketoconazole Containing Regimens in Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Clin Genitourin Cancer 2024; 22:483-490.e5. [PMID: 38296679 DOI: 10.1016/j.clgc.2024.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2023] [Revised: 01/02/2024] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 02/02/2024]
Abstract
Castration resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) is a challenging subset of prostate cancer associated with an extensive metastatic profile and high mortality. Ketoconazole is a nonselective steroid 17α-hydroxylase/17,20 lyase (CYP17A1) inhibitor and is employed as a second line treatment option for CRPC with an established efficacy profile in patients. The aim of this study is to assess the efficacy of ketoconazole containing regimens for CRPC in terms of prostate specific antigen (PSA) decline rate using a systematic review and meta-analysis. In this review, an electronic search was carried out on PubMed, Cochrane CENTRAL, Scopus, and Google Scholar to find relevant literature. Random effects model was used to assess pooled PSA decline rate and 95% CIs. Publication bias was assessed using the funnel plot symmetry and one-tailed Egger's and Begg's test. In all cases, P-value <.05 was indicative of significant results. The review is registered with PROSPERO: CRD42023466536. A total of 483 articles were retrieved after database searching, out of which 23 studies (having a total of 1315 patients) were included in the review based on prespecified criteria. The PSA decline rate was reported in the 14 observational studies (having 964 patients) and 9 experimental studies (having 351 patients). Pooled results revealed that 48.6% (95% CI 43.1-54.2; P-value <.001; I2 = 73.24%) of participants achieved more than 50% decline in PSA (602/1315 participants). Sensitivity analysis using the leave-one-out method revealed no substantial change in pooled effect estimates; (Risk Ratio) RR 47.2% to RR 49.8% demonstrating the robustness of our results. There was no evidence of publication bias as assessed from the funnel plot symmetry. Ketoconazole containing regimens have shown moderate efficacy in high risk CRPC patients as demonstrated by the pooled results. Hence, a ketoconazole based chemotherapy can be added to patients' regimen if there is a persistent rise in PSA levels after androgen deprivation therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Obaid Ur Rehman
- Department of Medicine, Services Institute of Medical Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan.
| | - Zain Ali Nadeem
- Department of Medicine, Allama Iqbal Medical College, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Eeshal Fatima
- Department of Medicine, Services Institute of Medical Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Umar Akram
- Department of Medicine, Allama Iqbal Medical College, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Hiba Imran
- Department of Medicine, Karachi Medical and Dental College, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Ali Husnain
- Department of Radiology, Section of Interventional Radiology, Northwestern Memorial Hospital, Chicago, IL
| | - Arsalan Nadeem
- Department of Medicine, Allama Iqbal Medical College, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Waqas Rasheed
- Department of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY
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Zhong J, Liu D, Yang Q, Ding J, Chen X. A Novel DNA Aptamer Probe Recognizing Castration Resistant Prostate Cancer in vitro and in vivo Based on Cell-SELEX. Drug Des Devel Ther 2024; 18:859-870. [PMID: 38524880 PMCID: PMC10959323 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s444988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/09/2024] [Indexed: 03/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Early recognition of castration-resistant state is of significance for timely adjustment of treatment regimens and improvement of prognosis. Purpose This study aims to screen new aptamers CRda8 and CRda21 which recognize castration resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) cells with high affinity and specificity by SELEX technology. Methods The enrichment of specific aptamer candidates was monitored by flow cytometric analysis. The affinity and specificity of aptamer candidates were evaluated by flow cytometry and immunofluorescence assay. MR imaging of CRda21-conjugated polyethylene glycol (PEG)-Fe3O4 nanoparticles to CRPC was further explored in vivo. Results Both aptamers showed high specificity to target cells with dissociation constants in the nanomolar range, and did not recognize other tested cells. The staining of clinical tissue sections with fluorescent dye labeled aptamers showed that sections from CRPC exhibited stronger fluorescence while sections from benign prostatic hyperplasia and androgen dependent prostate cancer did not exhibit notable fluorescence. In vivo MRI demonstrated that CRda21-conjugated PEG-Fe3O4 had good affinity to CRPC and produced strong T2WI signal intensity reduction distinguished from peritumoral tissue. Conclusion The high affinity and specificity of CRda8 and CRda21 make the aptamer hold potential for early recognition of castration-resistant state and diagnosis of CRPC at the cellular level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinman Zhong
- Department of Radiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Xi’ an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, Shaanxi Province, 710004, People’s Republic of China
| | - Duoduo Liu
- Department of Radiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Xi’ an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, Shaanxi Province, 710004, People’s Republic of China
| | - Quanxin Yang
- Department of Radiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Xi’ an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, Shaanxi Province, 710004, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jianke Ding
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, Shaanxi Province, 710032, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xin Chen
- Department of Radiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Xi’ an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, Shaanxi Province, 710004, People’s Republic of China
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Sciarra A, Santarelli V, Salciccia S, Moriconi M, Basile G, Santodirocco L, Carino D, Frisenda M, Di Pierro G, Del Giudice F, Gentilucci A, Bevilacqua G. How the Management of Biochemical Recurrence in Prostate Cancer Will Be Modified by the Concept of Anticipation and Incrementation of Therapy. Cancers (Basel) 2024; 16:764. [PMID: 38398155 PMCID: PMC10886975 DOI: 10.3390/cancers16040764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2024] [Revised: 02/06/2024] [Accepted: 02/10/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Biochemical recurrence (BCR) after primary treatments for prostate cancer (PC) is an extremely heterogeneous phase and at least a stratification into low- and high-risk cases for early progression in metastatic disease is necessary. At present, PSA-DT represents the best parameter to define low- and high-risk BCR PC, but real precision medicine is strongly suggested to define tailored management for patients with BCR. Before defining management, it is necessary to exclude the presence of low-volume metastasis associated with PSA progression using new-generation imaging, preferably with PSMA PET/CT. Low-risk BCR cases should be actively observed without early systemic therapies. Early treatment of low-risk BCR with continuous androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) can produce disadvantages such as the development of castration resistance before the appearance of metastases (non-metastatic castration-resistant PC). Patients with high-risk BCR benefit from early systemic therapy. Even with overall survival (OS) as the primary treatment endpoint, metastasis-free survival (MFS) should be used as a surrogate endpoint in clinical trials, especially in long survival stages of the disease. The EMBARK study has greatly influenced the management of high-risk BCR, by introducing the concept of anticipation and intensification through the use of androgen receptor signaling inhibitors (ARSIs) and ADT combination therapy. In high-risk (PSA-DT ≤ 9 months) BCR cases, the combination of enzalutamide with leuprolide significantly improves MFS when compared to leuprolide alone, maintaining an unchanged quality of life in the asymptomatic phase of the disease. The possibility of using ARSIs alone in this early disease setting is suggested by the EMBARK study (arm with enzalutamide alone) with less evidence than with the intensification of the combination therapy. Continued use versus discontinuation of enzalutamide plus leuprolide intensified therapy upon reaching undetectable PSA levels needs to be better defined with further analysis. Real-world analysis must verify the significant results obtained in the context of a phase 3 study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Sciarra
- Department Materno Infantile e Scienze Urologiche, Sapienza University, Viale Policlinico 155, 00161 Rome, Italy; (V.S.); (S.S.); (M.M.); (G.B.); (L.S.); (D.C.); (M.F.); (G.D.P.); (F.D.G.); (A.G.); (G.B.)
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7
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Costagliola A, Lombardi R, Liguori G, Morrione A, Giordano A. Orexins and Prostate Cancer: State of the Art and Potential Experimental and Therapeutic Perspectives. Cancer Genomics Proteomics 2023; 20:637-645. [PMID: 38035703 PMCID: PMC10687730 DOI: 10.21873/cgp.20412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Revised: 11/03/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer (PCa) is the second most common cancer in humans. Peptides have recently been used as targeted therapeutics in cancers, due to their extensive multi-functional applications. Two hypothalamic peptides, orexins A (OXA) and B (OXB) and their specific receptors, orexin receptor 1 (OX1R) and 2 (OX2R), orchestrate several biological processes in the central nervous system and peripheral organs. However, in addition to their role in physiological responses, orexins are involved in numerous inflammatory and/or neoplastic pathologies. The presence and expression of orexins in different cancer models, including prostate cancer, and their role in inducing pro- or anti-apoptotic responses in tumor cell lines, suggest that the orexinergic system might have potential therapeutic action or function as a diagnostic marker in PCa. In addition to the traditional animal models for studying human PCa, the canine model might also serve as an additional tool, due to its clinical similarities with human prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Costagliola
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Productions, University of Napoli Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Renato Lombardi
- Local Health Authority, ASL, Foggia, Italy
- Unit of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceuticals, IRCCS Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, San Giovanni Rotondo, Foggia, Italy
| | - Giovanna Liguori
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Productions, University of Napoli Federico II, Naples, Italy;
- Local Health Authority, ASL, Foggia, Italy
| | - Andrea Morrione
- Sbarro Institute for Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine, Center for Biotechnology, Department of Biology, College of Science and Technology, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, U.S.A
| | - Antonio Giordano
- Sbarro Institute for Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine, Center for Biotechnology, Department of Biology, College of Science and Technology, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, U.S.A
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
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8
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Quintero JC, Díaz NF, Rodríguez-Dorantes M, Camacho-Arroyo I. Cancer Stem Cells and Androgen Receptor Signaling: Partners in Disease Progression. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:15085. [PMID: 37894767 PMCID: PMC10606328 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242015085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2023] [Revised: 10/04/2023] [Accepted: 10/06/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer stem cells exhibit self-renewal, tumorigenesis, and a high differentiation potential. These cells have been detected in every type of cancer, and different signaling pathways can regulate their maintenance and proliferation. Androgen receptor signaling plays a relevant role in the pathophysiology of prostate cancer, promoting cell growth and differentiation processes. However, in the case of prostate cancer stem cells, the androgen receptor negatively regulates their maintenance and self-renewal. On the other hand, there is evidence that androgen receptor activity positively regulates the generation of cancer stem cells in other types of neoplasia, such as breast cancer or glioblastoma. Thus, the androgen receptor role in cancer stem cells depends on the cellular context. We aimed to analyze androgen receptor signaling in the maintenance and self-renewal of different types of cancer stem cells and its action on the expression of transcription factors and surface markers associated with stemness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Carlos Quintero
- Unidad de Investigación en Reproducción Humana, Instituto Nacional de Perinatología-Facultad de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City 11000, Mexico;
| | - Néstor Fabián Díaz
- Departamento de Fisiología y Desarrollo Celular, Instituto Nacional de Perinatología, Mexico City 11000, Mexico;
| | | | - Ignacio Camacho-Arroyo
- Unidad de Investigación en Reproducción Humana, Instituto Nacional de Perinatología-Facultad de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City 11000, Mexico;
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Hodgson K, Orozco-Moreno M, Scott E, Garnham R, Livermore K, Thomas H, Zhou Y, He J, Bermudez A, Garcia Marques FJ, Bastian K, Hysenaj G, Archer Goode E, Heer R, Pitteri S, Wang N, Elliott DJ, Munkley J. The role of GCNT1 mediated O-glycosylation in aggressive prostate cancer. Sci Rep 2023; 13:17031. [PMID: 37813880 PMCID: PMC10562493 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-43019-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer is the most common cancer in men and a major cause of cancer related deaths worldwide. Nearly all affected men develop resistance to current therapies and there is an urgent need to develop new treatments for advanced disease. Aberrant glycosylation is a common feature of cancer cells implicated in all of the hallmarks of cancer. A major driver of aberrant glycosylation in cancer is the altered expression of glycosylation enzymes. Here, we show that GCNT1, an enzyme that plays an essential role in the formation of core 2 branched O-glycans and is crucial to the final definition of O-glycan structure, is upregulated in aggressive prostate cancer. Using in vitro and in vivo models, we show GCNT1 promotes the growth of prostate tumours and can modify the glycome of prostate cancer cells, including upregulation of core 2 O-glycans and modifying the O-glycosylation of secreted glycoproteins. Furthermore, using RNA sequencing, we find upregulation of GCNT1 in prostate cancer cells can alter oncogenic gene expression pathways important in tumour growth and metastasis. Our study highlights the important role of aberrant O-glycosylation in prostate cancer progression and provides novel insights regarding the mechanisms involved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kirsty Hodgson
- Newcastle University Centre for Cancer, Newcastle University Institute of Biosciences, Newcastle, NE1 3BZ, UK
| | - Margarita Orozco-Moreno
- Newcastle University Centre for Cancer, Newcastle University Institute of Biosciences, Newcastle, NE1 3BZ, UK
| | - Emma Scott
- Newcastle University Centre for Cancer, Newcastle University Institute of Biosciences, Newcastle, NE1 3BZ, UK
| | - Rebecca Garnham
- Newcastle University Centre for Cancer, Newcastle University Institute of Biosciences, Newcastle, NE1 3BZ, UK
| | - Karen Livermore
- Newcastle University Centre for Cancer, Newcastle University Institute of Biosciences, Newcastle, NE1 3BZ, UK
| | - Huw Thomas
- Newcastle University Centre for Cancer, Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University, Paul O'Gorman Building, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE2 4HH, UK
| | - Yuhan Zhou
- Department of Oncology and Metabolism, The Mellanby Centre for Musculoskeletal Research, The University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Jiepei He
- Department of Oncology and Metabolism, The Mellanby Centre for Musculoskeletal Research, The University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Abel Bermudez
- Department of Radiology, Canary Center at Stanford for Cancer Early Detection, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA, 94304, USA
| | - Fernando Jose Garcia Marques
- Department of Radiology, Canary Center at Stanford for Cancer Early Detection, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA, 94304, USA
| | - Kayla Bastian
- Newcastle University Centre for Cancer, Newcastle University Institute of Biosciences, Newcastle, NE1 3BZ, UK
| | - Gerald Hysenaj
- Newcastle University Centre for Cancer, Newcastle University Institute of Biosciences, Newcastle, NE1 3BZ, UK
| | - Emily Archer Goode
- Newcastle University Centre for Cancer, Newcastle University Institute of Biosciences, Newcastle, NE1 3BZ, UK
| | - Rakesh Heer
- Newcastle University Centre for Cancer, Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University, Paul O'Gorman Building, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE2 4HH, UK
- Department of Urology, Freeman Hospital, The Newcastle Upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE7 7DN, UK
| | - Sharon Pitteri
- Department of Radiology, Canary Center at Stanford for Cancer Early Detection, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA, 94304, USA
| | - Ning Wang
- Department of Oncology and Metabolism, The Mellanby Centre for Musculoskeletal Research, The University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - David J Elliott
- Newcastle University Centre for Cancer, Newcastle University Institute of Biosciences, Newcastle, NE1 3BZ, UK
| | - Jennifer Munkley
- Newcastle University Centre for Cancer, Newcastle University Institute of Biosciences, Newcastle, NE1 3BZ, UK.
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Cohen D, Hazut Krauthammer S, Fahoum I, Kesler M, Even-Sapir E. PET radiotracers for whole-body in vivo molecular imaging of prostatic neuroendocrine malignancies. Eur Radiol 2023; 33:6502-6512. [PMID: 37052659 DOI: 10.1007/s00330-023-09619-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2022] [Revised: 03/07/2023] [Accepted: 03/16/2023] [Indexed: 04/14/2023]
Abstract
Prostatic neuroendocrine malignancies represent a spectrum of diseases. Treatment-induced neuroendocrine differentiation (tiNED) in hormonally treated adenocarcinoma has been the subject of a large amount of recent research. However, the identification of neuroendocrine features in treatment-naïve prostatic tumor raises a differential diagnosis between prostatic adenocarcinoma with de novo neuroendocrine differentiation (dNED) versus one of the primary prostatic neuroendocrine tumors (P-NETs) and carcinomas (P-NECs). While [18F]FDG is being used as the main PET radiotracer in oncologic imaging and reflects cellular glucose metabolism, other molecules labeled with positron-emitting isotopes, mainly somatostatin-analogues labeled with 68Ga and prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA)-ligands labeled with either 18F or 68Ga, are now routinely used in departments of nuclear medicine and molecular imaging, and may be advantageous in imaging prostatic neuroendocrine malignancies. Still, the selection of the preferred PET radiotracer in such cases might be challenging. In the current review, we summarize and discuss published data on these different entities from clinical, biological, and molecular imaging standpoints. Specifically, we review the roles that [18F]FDG, radiolabeled somatostatin-analogues, and radiolabeled PSMA-ligands play in these entities in order to provide the reader with practical recommendations regarding the preferred PET radiotracers for imaging each entity. In cases of tiNED, we conclude that PSMA expression may be low and that [18F]FDG or radiolabeled somatostatin-analogues should be preferred for imaging. In cases of prostatic adenocarcinoma with dNED, we present data that support the superiority of radiolabeled PSMA-ligands. In cases of primary neuroendocrine malignancies, the use of [18F]FDG for imaging high-grade P-NECs and radiolabeled somatostatin-analogues for imaging well-differentiated P-NETs is recommended. KEY POINTS: • The preferred PET radiotracer for imaging prostatic neuroendocrine malignancies depends on the specific clinical scenario and pathologic data. • When neuroendocrine features result from hormonal therapy for prostate cancer, PET-CT should be performed with [18F]FDG or radiolabeled somatostatin-analogue rather than with radiolabeled PSMA-ligand. • When neuroendocrine features are evident in newly diagnosed prostate cancer, differentiating adenocarcinoma from primary neuroendocrine malignancy is challenging but crucial for selection of PET radiotracer and for clinical management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Cohen
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Tel-Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, 6 Weizmann St, 6423906, Tel Aviv, Israel.
| | - Shir Hazut Krauthammer
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Tel-Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, 6 Weizmann St, 6423906, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Ibrahim Fahoum
- Institute of Pathology, Tel-Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Mikhail Kesler
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Tel-Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, 6 Weizmann St, 6423906, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Einat Even-Sapir
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Tel-Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, 6 Weizmann St, 6423906, Tel Aviv, Israel
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
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11
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Candelieri-Surette D, Hung A, Lynch JA, Pridgen KM, Agiri FY, Li W, Aggarwal H, Anglin-Foote T, Lee KM, Perez C, Reed S, DuVall SL, Wong YN, Alba PR. Development and Validation of a Tool to Identify Patients Diagnosed With Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer. JCO Clin Cancer Inform 2023; 7:e2300085. [PMID: 37862671 PMCID: PMC10642874 DOI: 10.1200/cci.23.00085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2023] [Revised: 07/17/2023] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 10/22/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Several novel therapies for castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) have been approved with randomized phase III studies with continuing observational research either planned or ongoing. Accurately identifying patients with CRPC in electronic health care data is critical for quality observational research, resource allocation, and quality improvement. Previous work in this area has relied on either structured laboratory results and medication data or natural language processing (NLP) methods. However, a computable phenotype using both structured data and NLP identifies these patients with more accuracy. METHODS The Corporate Data Warehouse (CDW) of the Veterans Health Administration (VHA) was used to collect PCa diagnoses, prostate-specific antigen test results, and information regarding patient characteristics and medication use. The final system used for validation and subsequent analysis combined the NLP system and an algorithm of structured laboratory and medication data to identify patients as being diagnosed with CRPC. Patients with both a documented diagnosis of CRPC and a documented diagnosis of metastatic PCa were classified as having mCRPC by this system. RESULTS Among 1.2 million veterans with PCa, the International Classification of Diseases (ICD)-10 diagnosis code for CRPC (Z19.2) identifies 3,791 patients from 2016 when the code was created until 2022, compared with the combined algorithm which identifies 14,103, 10,312 more than ICD-10 codes alone, from 2016 to 2022. The combined algorithm showed a sensitivity of 97.9% and a specificity of 99.2%. CONCLUSION ICD-10 codes proved to be insufficient for capturing CRPC in the VHA CDW data. Using both structured and unstructured data identified more than double the number of patients compared with ICD-10 codes alone. Application of this combined approach drastically improved identification of real-world patients and enables high-quality observational research in mCRPC.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Anna Hung
- Durham VA Medical Center, Durham, NC
- Duke Clinical Research Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC
- Department of Population Health Sciences, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC
| | - Julie A. Lynch
- VA Informatics and Computing Infrastructure, VA Salt Lake City Health Care System, Salt Lake City, UT
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Epidemiology, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT
- Department of Nursing & Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts, Boston, Boston, MA
| | - Kathryn M. Pridgen
- VA Informatics and Computing Infrastructure, VA Salt Lake City Health Care System, Salt Lake City, UT
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Epidemiology, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT
| | - Fatai Y. Agiri
- VA Informatics and Computing Infrastructure, VA Salt Lake City Health Care System, Salt Lake City, UT
| | - Weiyan Li
- AstraZenca Pharmaceuticals, LP, Gaithersburg, MD
| | | | - Tori Anglin-Foote
- VA Informatics and Computing Infrastructure, VA Salt Lake City Health Care System, Salt Lake City, UT
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Epidemiology, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT
| | - Kyung Min Lee
- VA Informatics and Computing Infrastructure, VA Salt Lake City Health Care System, Salt Lake City, UT
| | - Cristina Perez
- VA Informatics and Computing Infrastructure, VA Salt Lake City Health Care System, Salt Lake City, UT
| | - Shelby Reed
- Durham VA Medical Center, Durham, NC
- Duke Clinical Research Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC
- Department of Population Health Sciences, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC
| | - Scott L. DuVall
- VA Informatics and Computing Infrastructure, VA Salt Lake City Health Care System, Salt Lake City, UT
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Epidemiology, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT
| | - Yu-Ning Wong
- Corporal Michael J. Crescenz VA Medical Center, Philadelphia, PA
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Patrick R. Alba
- VA Informatics and Computing Infrastructure, VA Salt Lake City Health Care System, Salt Lake City, UT
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Epidemiology, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT
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12
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Yu Y, Papukashvili D, Ren R, Rcheulishvili N, Feng S, Bai W, Zhang H, Xi Y, Lu X, Xing N. siRNA-based approaches for castration-resistant prostate cancer therapy targeting the androgen receptor signaling pathway. Future Oncol 2023; 19:2055-2073. [PMID: 37823367 DOI: 10.2217/fon-2023-0227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Androgen deprivation therapy is a common treatment method for metastatic prostate cancer through lowering androgen levels; however, this therapy frequently leads to the development of castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC). This is attributed to the activation of the androgen receptor (AR) signaling pathway. Current treatments targeting AR are often ineffective mostly due to AR gene overexpression and mutations, as well as the presence of splice variants that accelerate CRPC progression. Thus there is a critical need for more specific medication to treat CRPC. Small interfering RNAs have shown great potential as a targeted therapy. This review discusses prostate cancer progression and the role of AR signaling in CRPC, and proposes siRNA-based targeted therapy as a promising strategy for CRPC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanling Yu
- Shanxi Province Cancer Hospital/Shanxi Hospital Affiliated to Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences/Cancer Hospital Affiliated to Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030001, China
| | | | - Ruimin Ren
- Third Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Shanxi Bethune Hospital, Shanxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Tongji Shanxi Hospital, Department of Urology, Taiyuan, 030032, China
| | | | - Shunping Feng
- Southern University of Science & Technology, Shenzhen, 518000, China
| | - Wenqi Bai
- Shanxi Province Cancer Hospital/Shanxi Hospital Affiliated to Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences/Cancer Hospital Affiliated to Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030001, China
| | - Huanhu Zhang
- Shanxi Province Cancer Hospital/Shanxi Hospital Affiliated to Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences/Cancer Hospital Affiliated to Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030001, China
| | - Yanfeng Xi
- Shanxi Province Cancer Hospital/Shanxi Hospital Affiliated to Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences/Cancer Hospital Affiliated to Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030001, China
| | - Xiaoqing Lu
- Shanxi Province Cancer Hospital/Shanxi Hospital Affiliated to Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences/Cancer Hospital Affiliated to Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030001, China
| | - Nianzeng Xing
- Shanxi Province Cancer Hospital/Shanxi Hospital Affiliated to Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences/Cancer Hospital Affiliated to Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030001, China
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13
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Nabavi N, Mahdavi SR, Ardalan MA, Chamanara M, Mosaed R, Lara A, Bastos D, Harsini S, Askari E, Velho PI, Bagheri H. Bipolar Androgen Therapy: When Excess Fuel Extinguishes the Fire. Biomedicines 2023; 11:2084. [PMID: 37509723 PMCID: PMC10377678 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11072084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2023] [Revised: 07/12/2023] [Accepted: 07/13/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) remains the cornerstone of advanced prostate cancer treatment. However, the progression towards castration-resistant prostate cancer is inevitable, as the cancer cells reactivate androgen receptor signaling and adapt to the castrate state through autoregulation of the androgen receptor. Additionally, the upfront use of novel hormonal agents such as enzalutamide and abiraterone acetate may result in long-term toxicities and may trigger the selection of AR-independent cells through "Darwinian" treatment-induced pressure. Therefore, it is crucial to develop new strategies to overcome these challenges. Bipolar androgen therapy (BAT) is one such approach that has been devised based on studies demonstrating the paradoxical inhibitory effects of supraphysiologic testosterone on prostate cancer growth, achieved through a variety of mechanisms acting in concert. BAT involves rapidly alternating testosterone levels between supraphysiological and near-castrate levels over a period of a month, achieved through monthly intramuscular injections of testosterone plus concurrent ADT. BAT is effective and well-tolerated, improving quality of life and potentially re-sensitizing patients to previous hormonal therapies after progression. By exploring the mechanisms and clinical evidence for BAT, this review seeks to shed light on its potential as a promising new approach to prostate cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nima Nabavi
- Nuclear Medicine Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad 13944-91388, Iran
- Radiation Sciences Research Center, AJA University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 14117-18541, Iran
| | - Seied Rabi Mahdavi
- Department of Medical Physics, Radiation Biology Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 14117-18541, Iran
| | - Mohammad Afshar Ardalan
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, AJA University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 14117-18541, Iran
| | - Mohsen Chamanara
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, AJA University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 14117-18541, Iran
| | - Reza Mosaed
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, School of Medicine, AJA University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 14117-18541, Iran
| | - Aline Lara
- Hospital Sírio-Libanês, São Paulo 01308-050, Brazil
- Hospital do Câncer UOPECCAN, Cascavel 85806-300, Brazil
| | - Diogo Bastos
- Oncology Department, Hospital Sirio-Libanês, São Paulo 01308-050, Brazil
| | - Sara Harsini
- BC Cancer Research Institute, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1L3, Canada
| | - Emran Askari
- Nuclear Medicine Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad 13944-91388, Iran
| | - Pedro Isaacsson Velho
- Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA
- Hospital Moinhos de Vento, Porto Alegre 90035-000, Brazil
| | - Hamed Bagheri
- Radiation Sciences Research Center, AJA University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 14117-18541, Iran
- School of Medicine, AJA University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 14118-13389, Iran
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14
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Scott E, Hodgson K, Calle B, Turner H, Cheung K, Bermudez A, Marques FJG, Pye H, Yo EC, Islam K, Oo HZ, McClurg UL, Wilson L, Thomas H, Frame FM, Orozco-Moreno M, Bastian K, Arredondo HM, Roustan C, Gray MA, Kelly L, Tolson A, Mellor E, Hysenaj G, Goode EA, Garnham R, Duxfield A, Heavey S, Stopka-Farooqui U, Haider A, Freeman A, Singh S, Johnston EW, Punwani S, Knight B, McCullagh P, McGrath J, Crundwell M, Harries L, Bogdan D, Westaby D, Fowler G, Flohr P, Yuan W, Sharp A, de Bono J, Maitland NJ, Wisnovsky S, Bertozzi CR, Heer R, Guerrero RH, Daugaard M, Leivo J, Whitaker H, Pitteri S, Wang N, Elliott DJ, Schumann B, Munkley J. Upregulation of GALNT7 in prostate cancer modifies O-glycosylation and promotes tumour growth. Oncogene 2023; 42:926-937. [PMID: 36725887 PMCID: PMC10020086 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-023-02604-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2022] [Revised: 01/16/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2023] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Prostate cancer is the most common cancer in men and it is estimated that over 350,000 men worldwide die of prostate cancer every year. There remains an unmet clinical need to improve how clinically significant prostate cancer is diagnosed and develop new treatments for advanced disease. Aberrant glycosylation is a hallmark of cancer implicated in tumour growth, metastasis, and immune evasion. One of the key drivers of aberrant glycosylation is the dysregulated expression of glycosylation enzymes within the cancer cell. Here, we demonstrate using multiple independent clinical cohorts that the glycosyltransferase enzyme GALNT7 is upregulated in prostate cancer tissue. We show GALNT7 can identify men with prostate cancer, using urine and blood samples, with improved diagnostic accuracy than serum PSA alone. We also show that GALNT7 levels remain high in progression to castrate-resistant disease, and using in vitro and in vivo models, reveal that GALNT7 promotes prostate tumour growth. Mechanistically, GALNT7 can modify O-glycosylation in prostate cancer cells and correlates with cell cycle and immune signalling pathways. Our study provides a new biomarker to aid the diagnosis of clinically significant disease and cements GALNT7-mediated O-glycosylation as an important driver of prostate cancer progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma Scott
- Newcastle University Centre for Cancer, Newcastle University Institute of Biosciences, Newcastle, NE1 3BZ, UK
| | - Kirsty Hodgson
- Newcastle University Centre for Cancer, Newcastle University Institute of Biosciences, Newcastle, NE1 3BZ, UK
| | - Beatriz Calle
- The Chemical Glycobiology Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, NW1 1AT, London, UK
- Department of Chemistry, Imperial College London, W12 0BZ, London, UK
| | - Helen Turner
- Cellular Pathology, The Royal Victoria Infirmary, Queen Victoria Road, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 4LP, UK
| | - Kathleen Cheung
- Newcastle University Centre for Cancer, Newcastle University Institute of Biosciences, Newcastle, NE1 3BZ, UK
| | - Abel Bermudez
- Canary Center at Stanford for Cancer Early Detection, Department of Radiology, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA, 94304, USA
| | - Fernando Jose Garcia Marques
- Canary Center at Stanford for Cancer Early Detection, Department of Radiology, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA, 94304, USA
| | - Hayley Pye
- Molecular Diagnostics and Therapeutics Group, Charles Bell House, Division of Surgery and Interventional Science, University College London, London, UK
| | - Edward Christopher Yo
- Newcastle University Centre for Cancer, Newcastle University Institute of Biosciences, Newcastle, NE1 3BZ, UK
| | - Khirul Islam
- Department of Life Technologies, Division of Biotechnology, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Htoo Zarni Oo
- Department of Urologic Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V5Z 1M9, Canada
- Vancouver Prostate Centre, Vancouver, BC, V6H 3Z6, Canada
| | - Urszula L McClurg
- Institute for Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, L69 7ZB, UK
| | - Laura Wilson
- Newcastle University Centre for Cancer, Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Paul O'Gorman Building, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE2 4HH, UK
| | - Huw Thomas
- Newcastle University Centre for Cancer, Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Paul O'Gorman Building, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE2 4HH, UK
| | - Fiona M Frame
- Cancer Research Unit, Department of Biology, University of York, Heslington, North Yorkshire, YO10 5DD, UK
| | - Margarita Orozco-Moreno
- Newcastle University Centre for Cancer, Newcastle University Institute of Biosciences, Newcastle, NE1 3BZ, UK
| | - Kayla Bastian
- Newcastle University Centre for Cancer, Newcastle University Institute of Biosciences, Newcastle, NE1 3BZ, UK
| | - Hector M Arredondo
- The Mellanby Centre for Musculoskeletal Research, Department of Oncology and Metabolism, The University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Chloe Roustan
- Structural Biology Science Technology Platform, The Francis Crick Institute, NW1 1AT, London, UK
| | - Melissa Anne Gray
- Sarafan Chem-H and Departemnt of Chemistry, Stanford University, 424 Santa Teresa St, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Lois Kelly
- Newcastle University Centre for Cancer, Newcastle University Institute of Biosciences, Newcastle, NE1 3BZ, UK
| | - Aaron Tolson
- Newcastle University Centre for Cancer, Newcastle University Institute of Biosciences, Newcastle, NE1 3BZ, UK
| | - Ellie Mellor
- Newcastle University Centre for Cancer, Newcastle University Institute of Biosciences, Newcastle, NE1 3BZ, UK
| | - Gerald Hysenaj
- Newcastle University Centre for Cancer, Newcastle University Institute of Biosciences, Newcastle, NE1 3BZ, UK
| | - Emily Archer Goode
- Newcastle University Centre for Cancer, Newcastle University Institute of Biosciences, Newcastle, NE1 3BZ, UK
| | - Rebecca Garnham
- Newcastle University Centre for Cancer, Newcastle University Institute of Biosciences, Newcastle, NE1 3BZ, UK
| | - Adam Duxfield
- Newcastle University Centre for Cancer, Newcastle University Institute of Biosciences, Newcastle, NE1 3BZ, UK
| | - Susan Heavey
- Molecular Diagnostics and Therapeutics Group, Charles Bell House, Division of Surgery and Interventional Science, University College London, London, UK
| | - Urszula Stopka-Farooqui
- Molecular Diagnostics and Therapeutics Group, Charles Bell House, Division of Surgery and Interventional Science, University College London, London, UK
| | - Aiman Haider
- Department of Pathology, UCLH NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Alex Freeman
- Department of Pathology, UCLH NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Saurabh Singh
- UCL Centre for Medical Imaging, Charles Bell House, University College London, London, UK
| | - Edward W Johnston
- UCL Centre for Medical Imaging, Charles Bell House, University College London, London, UK
| | - Shonit Punwani
- UCL Centre for Medical Imaging, Charles Bell House, University College London, London, UK
| | - Bridget Knight
- NIHR Exeter Clinical Research Facility, Royal Devon and Exeter NHS Foundation Trust, Exeter, UK
| | - Paul McCullagh
- Department of Pathology, Royal Devon and Exeter NHS Foundation Trust, Exeter, UK
| | - John McGrath
- Exeter Surgical Health Services Research Unit, Royal Devon and Exeter NHS Foundation Trust, Exeter, UK
| | - Malcolm Crundwell
- Exeter Surgical Health Services Research Unit, Royal Devon and Exeter NHS Foundation Trust, Exeter, UK
| | - Lorna Harries
- Institute of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Medical School, College of Medicine and Health, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
| | - Denisa Bogdan
- Division of Clinical Studies, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, SM2 5NG, UK
| | - Daniel Westaby
- Division of Clinical Studies, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, SM2 5NG, UK
- Prostate Cancer Targeted Therapy Group, The Royal Marsden Hospital, London, SM2 5PT, UK
| | - Gemma Fowler
- Division of Clinical Studies, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, SM2 5NG, UK
| | - Penny Flohr
- Division of Clinical Studies, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, SM2 5NG, UK
| | - Wei Yuan
- Division of Clinical Studies, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, SM2 5NG, UK
| | - Adam Sharp
- Division of Clinical Studies, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, SM2 5NG, UK
- Prostate Cancer Targeted Therapy Group, The Royal Marsden Hospital, London, SM2 5PT, UK
| | - Johann de Bono
- Division of Clinical Studies, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, SM2 5NG, UK
- Prostate Cancer Targeted Therapy Group, The Royal Marsden Hospital, London, SM2 5PT, UK
| | - Norman J Maitland
- Cancer Research Unit, Department of Biology, University of York, Heslington, North Yorkshire, YO10 5DD, UK
| | - Simon Wisnovsky
- University of British Columbia, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Carolyn R Bertozzi
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, 424 Santa Teresa St, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Rakesh Heer
- Newcastle University Centre for Cancer, Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Paul O'Gorman Building, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE2 4HH, UK
- Department of Urology, Freeman Hospital, The Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE7 7DN, UK
| | - Ramon Hurtado Guerrero
- University of Zaragoza, Mariano Esquillor s/n, Campus Rio Ebro, Edificio I+D, Zaragoza, Spain; Fundación ARAID, 50018, Zaragoza, Spain
- Copenhagen Center for Glycomics, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Mads Daugaard
- Department of Urologic Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V5Z 1M9, Canada
- Vancouver Prostate Centre, Vancouver, BC, V6H 3Z6, Canada
| | - Janne Leivo
- Department of Life Technologies, Division of Biotechnology, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- InFLAMES Research Flagship Center, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Hayley Whitaker
- Molecular Diagnostics and Therapeutics Group, Charles Bell House, Division of Surgery and Interventional Science, University College London, London, UK
| | - Sharon Pitteri
- Canary Center at Stanford for Cancer Early Detection, Department of Radiology, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA, 94304, USA
| | - Ning Wang
- The Mellanby Centre for Musculoskeletal Research, Department of Oncology and Metabolism, The University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - David J Elliott
- Newcastle University Centre for Cancer, Newcastle University Institute of Biosciences, Newcastle, NE1 3BZ, UK
| | - Benjamin Schumann
- The Chemical Glycobiology Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, NW1 1AT, London, UK
- Department of Chemistry, Imperial College London, W12 0BZ, London, UK
| | - Jennifer Munkley
- Newcastle University Centre for Cancer, Newcastle University Institute of Biosciences, Newcastle, NE1 3BZ, UK.
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15
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Pejčić T, Todorović Z, Đurašević S, Popović L. Mechanisms of Prostate Cancer Cells Survival and Their Therapeutic Targeting. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24032939. [PMID: 36769263 PMCID: PMC9917912 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24032939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2022] [Revised: 01/29/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer (PCa) is today the second most common cancer in the world, with almost 400,000 deaths annually. Multiple factors are involved in the etiology of PCa, such as older age, genetic mutations, ethnicity, diet, or inflammation. Modern treatment of PCa involves radical surgical treatment or radiation therapy in the stages when the tumor is limited to the prostate. When metastases develop, the standard procedure is androgen deprivation therapy, which aims to reduce the level of circulating testosterone, which is achieved by surgical or medical castration. However, when the level of testosterone decreases to the castration level, the tumor cells adapt to the new conditions through different mechanisms, which enable their unhindered growth and survival, despite the therapy. New knowledge about the biology of the so-called of castration-resistant PCa and the way it adapts to therapy will enable the development of new drugs, whose goal is to prolong the survival of patients with this stage of the disease, which will be discussed in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomislav Pejčić
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
- Clinic of Urology, University Clinical Centre of Serbia, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +381-641281844
| | - Zoran Todorović
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
- University Medical Centre “Bežanijska kosa”, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Siniša Đurašević
- Faculty of Biology, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Lazar Popović
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Novi Sad, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia
- Medical Oncology Department, Oncology Institute of Vojvodina, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia
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16
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Identification of the Regulatory Targets of miR-3687 and miR-4417 in Prostate Cancer Cells Using a Proteomics Approach. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231810565. [PMID: 36142477 PMCID: PMC9501364 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231810565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2022] [Revised: 09/08/2022] [Accepted: 09/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNA) are ubiquitous non-coding RNAs that have a prominent role in cellular regulation. The expression of many miRNAs is often found deregulated in prostate cancer (PCa) and castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC). Although their expression can be associated with PCa and CRPC, their functions and regulatory activity in cancer development are poorly understood. In this study, we used different proteomics tools to analyze the activity of hsa-miR-3687-3p (miR-3687) and hsa-miR-4417-3p (miR-4417), two miRNAs upregulated in CRPC. PCa and CRPC cell lines were transfected with miR-3687 or miR-4417 to overexpress the miRNAs. Cell lysates were analyzed using 2D gel electrophoresis and proteins were subsequently identified using mass spectrometry (Maldi-MS/MS). A whole cell lysate, without 2D-gel separation, was analyzed by ESI-MS/MS. The expression of deregulated proteins found across both methods was further investigated using Western blotting. Gene ontology and cellular process network analysis determined that miR-3687 and miR-4417 are involved in diverse regulatory mechanisms that support the CRPC phenotype, including metabolism and inflammation. Moreover, both miRNAs are associated with extracellular vesicles, which point toward a secretory mechanism. The tumor protein D52 isoform 1 (TD52-IF1), which regulates neuroendocrine trans-differentiation, was found to be substantially deregulated in androgen-insensitive cells by both miR-3687 and miR-4417. These findings show that these miRNAs potentially support the CRPC by truncating the TD52-IF1 expression after the onset of androgen resistance.
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17
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Lauwerys L, Smits E, Van den Wyngaert T, Elvas F. Radionuclide Imaging of Cytotoxic Immune Cell Responses to Anti-Cancer Immunotherapy. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10051074. [PMID: 35625811 PMCID: PMC9139020 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10051074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2022] [Revised: 04/24/2022] [Accepted: 04/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer immunotherapy is an evolving and promising cancer treatment that takes advantage of the body’s immune system to yield effective tumor elimination. Importantly, immunotherapy has changed the treatment landscape for many cancers, resulting in remarkable tumor responses and improvements in patient survival. However, despite impressive tumor effects and extended patient survival, only a small proportion of patients respond, and others can develop immune-related adverse events associated with these therapies, which are associated with considerable costs. Therefore, strategies to increase the proportion of patients gaining a benefit from these treatments and/or increasing the durability of immune-mediated tumor response are still urgently needed. Currently, measurement of blood or tissue biomarkers has demonstrated sampling limitations, due to intrinsic tumor heterogeneity and the latter being invasive. In addition, the unique response patterns of these therapies are not adequately captured by conventional imaging modalities. Consequently, non-invasive, sensitive, and quantitative molecular imaging techniques, such as positron emission tomography (PET) and single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) using specific radiotracers, have been increasingly used for longitudinal whole-body monitoring of immune responses. Immunotherapies rely on the effector function of CD8+ T cells and natural killer cells (NK) at tumor lesions; therefore, the monitoring of these cytotoxic immune cells is of value for therapy response assessment. Different immune cell targets have been investigated as surrogate markers of response to immunotherapy, which motivated the development of multiple imaging agents. In this review, the targets and radiotracers being investigated for monitoring the functional status of immune effector cells are summarized, and their use for imaging of immune-related responses are reviewed along their limitations and pitfalls, of which multiple have already been translated to the clinic. Finally, emerging effector immune cell imaging strategies and future directions are provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louis Lauwerys
- Molecular Imaging Center Antwerp (MICA), Integrated Personalized and Precision Oncology Network (IPPON), Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, B-2610 Wilrijk, Belgium; (L.L.); (T.V.d.W.)
| | - Evelien Smits
- Center for Oncological Research (CORE), Integrated Personalized and Precision Oncology Network (IPPON), Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, B-2610 Wilrijk, Belgium;
- Center for Cell Therapy and Regenerative Medicine, Antwerp University Hospital, Drie Eikenstraat 655, B-2650 Edegem, Belgium
| | - Tim Van den Wyngaert
- Molecular Imaging Center Antwerp (MICA), Integrated Personalized and Precision Oncology Network (IPPON), Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, B-2610 Wilrijk, Belgium; (L.L.); (T.V.d.W.)
- Nuclear Medicine, Antwerp University Hospital, Drie Eikenstraat 655, B-2650 Edegem, Belgium
| | - Filipe Elvas
- Molecular Imaging Center Antwerp (MICA), Integrated Personalized and Precision Oncology Network (IPPON), Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, B-2610 Wilrijk, Belgium; (L.L.); (T.V.d.W.)
- Correspondence:
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