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A-Elgadir TME, Shati AA, Alqahtani SA, Ebrahim HA, Almohaimeed HM, ShamsEldeeen AM, Haidara MA, Kamar SS, Dawood AF, El-Bidawy MH. Mesenchymal stem cells improve cardiac function in diabetic rats by reducing cardiac injury biomarkers and downregulating JAK/STAT/iNOS and iNOS/Apoptosis signaling pathways. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2024; 591:112280. [PMID: 38797354 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2024.112280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2024] [Revised: 05/18/2024] [Accepted: 05/24/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
Cardiovascular complications are prevalent manifestations of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and are usually the main cause of death. This study aims to show the underlying mechanisms of the potential therapeutic effect of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) on diabetic cardiac dysfunction. Twenty-four male Wistar rats were randomly assigned to one of three groups The control group received standard laboratory chow, and the groups with T2DM received a single dose of 45 mg/kg body weight of streptozotocin (STZ) after 3 weeks of pretreatment with a high-fat diet (HFD). Eight weeks after the diagnosis of T2DM, rats were divided into two groups: the T2DM model group and the T2DM + MSCs group. BM-MSCs were administered systemically at 2 × 106 cells/rat doses. A Significant amelioration in Homeostatic Model Assessment of Insulin Resistance (HOMA-IR) and dyslipidemia was noted 2 weeks post-administration of MSCs. Administration of MSCs improved dyslipidemia, the altered cardiac injury biomarkers (p ≤ 0.0001), downregulated Janus kinase 2/signal transducer and activator of transcription 3(JAK2/STAT3)/inducible Nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and iNOS/Apoptosis signaling pathways. This was associated with improved cardiac dysfunction (impaired left ventricular performance and decreased contractility index). Our results show that MSCs ameliorate cardiac dysfunction associated with diabetic cardiomyopathy by lowering dyslipidemia and insulin resistance, inhibiting oxidative stress, and inflammation, downregulating JAK2/STAT3/iNOS and iNOS/Apoptosis signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ayed A Shati
- Department of Child Health, College of Medicine, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Saif Aboud Alqahtani
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hasnaa A Ebrahim
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, P.O. Box 84428, Riyadh, 11671, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hailah M Almohaimeed
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, P.O. Box 84428, Riyadh, 11671, Saudi Arabia
| | - Asmaa M ShamsEldeeen
- Department of Physiology, Kasr Al-Aini Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mohamed A Haidara
- Department of Physiology, Kasr Al-Aini Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Samaa S Kamar
- Department of Histology, Kasr Al-Aini Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt; Department of Histology, Armed Forces College of Medicine
| | - Amal F Dawood
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, P.O. Box 84428, Riyadh, 11671, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Mahmoud H El-Bidawy
- Department of Physiology, Kasr Al-Aini Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt; Department of BMS, Physiology Division, College of Medicine, Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj, 11942, Saudi Arabia
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Li Y, Zhao K, Hu Y, Yang F, Li P, Liu Y. MicroRNA-142-3p alleviated high salt-induced cardiac fibrosis via downregulating optineurin-mediated mitophagy. iScience 2024; 27:109764. [PMID: 38726368 PMCID: PMC11079474 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2024.109764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2023] [Revised: 10/23/2023] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024] Open
Abstract
High salt can induce cardiac damage. The aim of this present study was to explore the effect and the mechanism of microRNA (miR)-142-3p on the cardiac fibrosis induced by high salt. Rats received high salt diet to induce cardiac fibrosis in vivo, and neonatal rat cardiac fibroblasts (NRCF) treated with sodium chloride (NaCl) to induce fibrosis in vitro. The fibrosis and mitochondrial autophagy levels were increased the heart and NRCF treated with NaCl, which were alleviated by miR-142-3p upregulation. The fibrosis and mitochondrial autophagy levels were elevated in NRCF after treating with miR-142-3p antagomiR. Optineurin (OPTN) expression was increased in the mitochondria of NRCF induced by NaCl, which was attenuated by miR-142-3p agomiR. OPTN downregulation inhibited the increases of fibrosis and mitochondrial autophagy levels induced by NaCl in NRCF. These results miR-142-3p could alleviate high salt-induced cardiac fibrosis via downregulation of OPTN to reduce mitophagy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Li
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- Department of Cardiology, The People’s Hospital of Qijiang District, Qijiang, Chongqin, China
| | - Kun Zhao
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yifang Hu
- Department of Information, The First Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Fengze Yang
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Peng Li
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yun Liu
- Department of Information, The First Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, No.300 Guang Zhou Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, China
- Department of Medical Informatics, School of Biomedical Engineering and Informatics, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211166, China
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Li M, Liu L, Zhang C, Deng L, Zhong Y, Liao B, Li X, Wan Y, Feng J. The latest emerging drugs for the treatment of diabetic cardiomyopathy. Expert Opin Pharmacother 2024; 25:641-654. [PMID: 38660817 DOI: 10.1080/14656566.2024.2347468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2024] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM) is a serious complication of diabetes mellitus involving multiple pathophysiologic mechanisms. In addition to hypoglycemic agents commonly used in diabetes, metabolism-related drugs, natural plant extracts, melatonin, exosomes, and rennin-angiotensin-aldosterone system are cardioprotective in DCM. However, there is a lack of systematic summarization of drugs for DCM. AREAS COVERED In this review, the authors systematically summarize the most recent drugs used for the treatment of DCM and discusses them from the perspective of DCM pathophysiological mechanisms. EXPERT OPINION We discuss DCM drugs from the perspective of the pathophysiological mechanisms of DCM, mainly including inflammation and metabolism. As a disease with multiple pathophysiological mechanisms, the combination of drugs may be more advantageous, and we have discussed some of the current studies on the combination of drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minghao Li
- Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology, Ministry of Education and Medical Electrophysiological Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Institute of Cardiovascular Research, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Lin Liu
- Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology, Ministry of Education and Medical Electrophysiological Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Institute of Cardiovascular Research, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Chunyu Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology, Ministry of Education and Medical Electrophysiological Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Institute of Cardiovascular Research, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Li Deng
- Department of Rheumatology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Yi Zhong
- Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology, Ministry of Education and Medical Electrophysiological Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Institute of Cardiovascular Research, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Bin Liao
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Metabolic Vascular Diseases Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Xiuying Li
- Department of Pharmacy, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University; Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Science, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Ying Wan
- Department of Pharmacy, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University; Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Science, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Jian Feng
- Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology, Ministry of Education and Medical Electrophysiological Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Institute of Cardiovascular Research, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
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Song XM, Zhao MN, Li GZ, Li N, Wang T, Zhou H. Atorvastatin ameliorated myocardial fibrosis in db/db mice by inhibiting oxidative stress and modulating macrophage polarization. World J Diabetes 2023; 14:1849-1861. [PMID: 38222782 PMCID: PMC10784803 DOI: 10.4239/wjd.v14.i12.1849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2023] [Revised: 09/29/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 12/14/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND People with diabetes mellitus (DM) suffer from multiple chronic complications due to sustained hyperglycemia, especially diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM). Oxidative stress and inflammatory cells play crucial roles in the occurrence and progression of myocardial remodeling. Macrophages polarize to two distinct phenotypes: M1 and M2, and such plasticity in phenotypes provide macrophages various biological functions. AIM To investigate the effect of atorvastatin on cardiac function of DCM in db/db mice and its underlying mechanisms. METHODS DCM mouse models were established and randomly divided into DM, atorvastatin, and metformin groups. C57BL/6 mice were used as the control. Cardiac function was evaluated by echocardiography. Hematoxylin and eosin and Masson staining was used to examine the morphology and collagen fibers in myocardial tissues. The expression of transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-1 β (IL-1β),M1 macrophages (iNOS+), and M2 macrophages (CD206+) were demonstrated by immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence staining. The levels of TGF-β1, IL-1β, and TNF-α were detected by ELISA and real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Malondialdehyde (MDA) concentrations and superoxide dismutase (SOD) ac-tivities were also measured. RESULTS Treatment with atorvastatin alleviated cardiac dysfunction and decreased db/db mice. The broken myocardial fibers and deposition of collagen in the myocardial interstitium were relieved especially by atorvastatin treatment. Atorvastatin also reduced the levels of serum lactate dehydrogenase, creatine kinase isoenzyme, and troponin; lowered the levels of TGF-β1, TNF-α and IL-1β in serum and myocardium; decreased the concentration of MDA and increased SOD activity in myocardium of db/db mice; inhibited M1 macrophages; and promoted M2 macrophages. CONCLUSION Administration of atorvastatin attenuates myocardial fibrosis in db/db mice, which may be associated with the antioxidative stress and anti-inflammatory effects of atorvastatin on diabetic myocardium through modulating macrophage polarization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xian-Min Song
- Department of Endocrinology, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050000, Hebei Province, China
- Department of Geriatrics, Handan Central Hospital, Handan 056001, Hebei Province, China
| | - Meng-Nan Zhao
- Department of Endocrinology, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050000, Hebei Province, China
| | - Gui-Zhi Li
- Department of Endocrinology, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050000, Hebei Province, China
| | - Na Li
- Department of Endocrinology, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050000, Hebei Province, China
| | - Ting Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050000, Hebei Province, China
| | - Hong Zhou
- Department of Endocrinology, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050000, Hebei Province, China
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Ryaboshapkina M, Ye R, Ye Y, Birnbaum Y. Effects of Dapagliflozin on Myocardial Gene Expression in BTBR Mice with Type 2 Diabetes. Cardiovasc Drugs Ther 2023:10.1007/s10557-023-07517-1. [PMID: 37914900 DOI: 10.1007/s10557-023-07517-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/18/2023] [Indexed: 11/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dapagliflozin, a sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitor, is approved for the treatment of type 2 diabetes, heart failure, and chronic kidney disease. DAPA-HF and DELIVER trial results demonstrate that the cardiovascular protective effect of dapagliflozin extends to non-diabetic patients. Hence, the mechanism-of-action may extend beyond glucose-lowering and is not completely elucidated. We have previously shown that dapagliflozin reduces cardiac hypertrophy, inflammation, fibrosis, and apoptosis and increases ejection fraction in BTBR mice with type 2 diabetes. METHODS We conducted a follow-up RNA-sequencing study on the heart tissue of these animals and performed differential expression and Ingenuity Pathway analysis. Selected markers were confirmed by RT-PCR and Western blot. RESULTS SGLT2 had negligible expression in heart tissue. Dapagliflozin improved cardiac metabolism by decreasing glycolysis and pyruvate utilization enzymes, induced antioxidant enzymes, and decreased expression of hypoxia markers. Expression of inflammation, apoptosis, and hypertrophy pathways was decreased. These observations corresponded to the effects of dapagliflozin in the clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Ryaboshapkina
- Translational Science and Experimental Medicine, Research and Early Development, Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolism (CVRM), BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Regina Ye
- University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Yumei Ye
- The Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
| | - Yochai Birnbaum
- The Section of Cardiology, The Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.
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Meng Z, Zhang Z, Zhao J, Liu C, Yao P, Zhang L, Xie D, Lau WB, Tsukuda J, Christopher TA, Lopez B, Zhu D, Liu D, Zhang JR, Gao E, Ischiropoulos H, Koch W, Ma X, Wang Y. Nitrative Modification of Caveolin-3: A Novel Mechanism of Cardiac Insulin Resistance and a Potential Therapeutic Target Against Ischemic Heart Failure in Prediabetic Animals. Circulation 2023; 147:1162-1179. [PMID: 36883479 PMCID: PMC10085855 DOI: 10.1161/circulationaha.122.063073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2022] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 03/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Myocardial insulin resistance is a hallmark of diabetic cardiac injury. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms remain unclear. Recent studies demonstrate that the diabetic heart is resistant to other cardioprotective interventions, including adiponectin and preconditioning. The "universal" resistance to multiple therapeutic interventions suggests impairment of the requisite molecule(s) involved in broad prosurvival signaling cascades. Cav (Caveolin) is a scaffolding protein coordinating transmembrane signaling transduction. However, the role of Cav3 in diabetic impairment of cardiac protective signaling and diabetic ischemic heart failure is unknown. METHODS Wild-type and gene-manipulated mice were fed a normal diet or high-fat diet for 2 to 12 weeks and subjected to myocardial ischemia and reperfusion. Insulin cardioprotection was determined. RESULTS Compared with the normal diet group, the cardioprotective effect of insulin was significantly blunted as early as 4 weeks of high-fat diet feeding (prediabetes), a time point where expression levels of insulin-signaling molecules remained unchanged. However, Cav3/insulin receptor-β complex formation was significantly reduced. Among multiple posttranslational modifications altering protein/protein interaction, Cav3 (not insulin receptor-β) tyrosine nitration is prominent in the prediabetic heart. Treatment of cardiomyocytes with 5-amino-3-(4-morpholinyl)-1,2,3-oxadiazolium chloride reduced the signalsome complex and blocked insulin transmembrane signaling. Mass spectrometry identified Tyr73 as the Cav3 nitration site. Phenylalanine substitution of Tyr73 (Cav3Y73F) abolished 5-amino-3-(4-morpholinyl)-1,2,3-oxadiazolium chloride-induced Cav3 nitration, restored Cav3/insulin receptor-β complex, and rescued insulin transmembrane signaling. It is most important that adeno-associated virus 9-mediated cardiomyocyte-specific Cav3Y73F reexpression blocked high-fat diet-induced Cav3 nitration, preserved Cav3 signalsome integrity, restored transmembrane signaling, and rescued insulin-protective action against ischemic heart failure. Last, diabetic nitrative modification of Cav3 at Tyr73 also reduced Cav3/AdipoR1 complex formation and blocked adiponectin cardioprotective signaling. CONCLUSIONS Nitration of Cav3 at Tyr73 and resultant signal complex dissociation results in cardiac insulin/adiponectin resistance in the prediabetic heart, contributing to ischemic heart failure progression. Early interventions preserving Cav3-centered signalsome integrity is an effective novel strategy against diabetic exacerbation of ischemic heart failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhijun Meng
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107
| | - Zhen Zhang
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107
| | - Jianli Zhao
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, the University of Alabama at Birmingham, AL 35005
| | - Caihong Liu
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107
| | - Peng Yao
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107
| | - Ling Zhang
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107
| | - Dina Xie
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107
| | - Wayne Bond Lau
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107
| | - Jumpei Tsukuda
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107
| | | | - Bernard Lopez
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107
| | - Di Zhu
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107
| | - Demin Liu
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107
| | - John Ry Zhang
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107
| | - Erhe Gao
- Center for Translational Medicine, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140
| | - Harry Ischiropoulos
- Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia Research Institute, Philadelphia, PA 19104
| | - Walter Koch
- Center for Translational Medicine, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140
| | - Xinliang Ma
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107
| | - Yajing Wang
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, the University of Alabama at Birmingham, AL 35005
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Metformin Suppresses Thioacetamide-Induced Chronic Kidney Disease in Association with the Upregulation of AMPK and Downregulation of Oxidative Stress and Inflammation as Well as Dyslipidemia and Hypertension. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28062756. [PMID: 36985728 PMCID: PMC10056045 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28062756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2023] [Revised: 03/09/2023] [Accepted: 03/15/2023] [Indexed: 03/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Toxic chemicals such as carbon tetrachloride and thioacetamide (TAA) are reported to induce hepato-nephrotoxicity. The potential protective outcome of the antidiabetic and pleiotropic drug metformin against TAA-induced chronic kidney disease in association with the modulation of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), oxidative stress, inflammation, dyslipidemia, and systemic hypertension has not been investigated before. Therefore, 200 mg/kg TAA was injected (via the intraperitoneal route) in a model group of rats twice a week starting at week 3 for 8 weeks. The control rats were injected with the vehicle for the same period. The metformin-treated group received 200 mg/kg metformin daily for 10 weeks, beginning week 1, and received TAA injections with dosage and timing similar to those of the model group. All rats were culled at week 10. It was observed that TAA induced substantial renal injury, as demonstrated by significant kidney tissue damage and fibrosis, as well as augmented blood and kidney tissue levels of urea, creatinine, inflammation, oxidative stress, dyslipidemia, tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases-1 (TIMP-1), and hypertension. TAA nephrotoxicity substantially inhibited the renal expression of phosphorylated AMPK. All these markers were significantly protected by metformin administration. In addition, a link between kidney fibrosis and these parameters was observed. Thus, metformin provides profound protection against TAA-induced kidney damage and fibrosis associated with the augmentation of the tissue protective enzyme AMPK and inhibition of oxidative stress, inflammation, the profibrogenic gene TIMP-1, dyslipidemia, and hypertension for a period of 10 weeks in rats.
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Shati AA, Maarouf A, Dawood AF, Bayoumy NM, Alqahtani YA, A. Eid R, Alqahtani SM, Abd Ellatif M, Al-Ani B, Albawardi A. Lower Extremity Arterial Disease in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: Metformin Inhibits Femoral Artery Ultrastructural Alterations as well as Vascular Tissue Levels of AGEs/ET-1 Axis-Mediated Inflammation and Modulation of Vascular iNOS and eNOS Expression. Biomedicines 2023; 11:biomedicines11020361. [PMID: 36830898 PMCID: PMC9953164 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11020361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2022] [Revised: 01/24/2023] [Accepted: 01/25/2023] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Lower extremity arterial disease (LEAD) is a major risk factor for amputation in diabetic patients. The advanced glycation end products (AGEs)/endothelin-1 (ET-1)/nitric oxide synthase (NOS) axis-mediated femoral artery injury with and without metformin has not been previously investigated. Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) was established in rats, with another group of rats treated for two weeks with 200 mg/kg metformin, before being induced with T2DM. The latter cohort were continued on metformin until they were sacrificed at week 12. Femoral artery injury was established in the diabetic group as demonstrated by substantial alterations to the femoral artery ultrastructure, which importantly were ameliorated by metformin. In addition, diabetes caused a significant (p < 0.0001) upregulation of vascular tissue levels of AGEs, ET-1, and iNOS, as well as high blood levels of glycated haemoglobin, TNF-α, and dyslipidemia. All of these parameters were also significantly inhibited by metformin. Moreover, metformin treatment augmented arterial eNOS expression which had been inhibited by diabetes progression. Furthermore, a significant correlation was observed between femoral artery endothelial tissue damage and glycemia, AGEs, ET-1, TNF-α, and dyslipidemia. Thus, in a rat model of T2DM-induced LEAD, an association between femoral artery tissue damage and the AGEs/ET-1/inflammation/NOS/dyslipidemia axis was demonstrated, with metformin treatment demonstrating beneficial vascular protective effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayed A. Shati
- Department of Child Health, College of Medicine, King Khalid University, Abha 61421, Saudi Arabia
| | - Amro Maarouf
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Birmingham Heartlands Hospital, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham B9 5SS, UK
| | - Amal F. Dawood
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University, P.O. Box 84428, Riyadh 11671, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nervana M. Bayoumy
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh 11461, Saudi Arabia
| | - Youssef A. Alqahtani
- Department of Child Health, College of Medicine, King Khalid University, Abha 61421, Saudi Arabia
| | - Refaat A. Eid
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, King Khalid University, Abha 61421, Saudi Arabia
| | - Saeed M. Alqahtani
- Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, King Khalid University, Abha 61421, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed Abd Ellatif
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, College of Medicine, King Khalid University, Abha 61421, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt
| | - Bahjat Al-Ani
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, King Khalid University, Abha 61421, Saudi Arabia
| | - Alia Albawardi
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain 15551, United Arab Emirates
- Correspondence:
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Ahmed YM, Orfali R, Abdelwahab NS, Hassan HM, Rateb ME, AboulMagd AM. Partial Synthetic PPARƳ Derivative Ameliorates Aorta Injury in Experimental Diabetic Rats Mediated by Activation of miR-126-5p Pi3k/AKT/PDK 1/mTOR Expression. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2022; 15:ph15101175. [PMID: 36297290 PMCID: PMC9607084 DOI: 10.3390/ph15101175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Revised: 09/17/2022] [Accepted: 09/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D) is a world wild health care issue marked by insulin resistance, a risk factor for the metabolic disorder that exaggerates endothelial dysfunction, increasing the risk of cardiovascular complications. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor PPAR) agonists have therapeutically mitigated hyperlipidemia and hyperglycemia in T2D patients. Therefore, we aimed to experimentally investigate the efficacy of newly designed synthetic PPARα/Ƴ partial agonists on a High-Fat Diet (HFD)/streptozotocin (STZ)-induced T2D. Female Wistar rats (200 ± 25 g body weight) were divided into four groups. The experimental groups were fed the HFD for three consecutive weeks before STZ injection (45 mg/kg/i.p) to induce T2D. Standard reference PPARƳ agonist pioglitazone and the partial synthetic PPARƳ (PIO; 20 mg/kg/BW, orally) were administered orally for 2 weeks after 72 h of STZ injection. The aorta tissue was isolated for biological ELISA, qRT-PCR, and Western blotting investigations for vascular inflammatory endothelial mediators endothelin-1 (ET-1), intracellular adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM-1), E-selectin, and anti-inflammatory vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP), as well as microRNA126-5p and p-AKT/p-Pi3k/p-PDK-1/p-mTOR, endothelial Nitric Oxide Synthase (eNOS) immunohistochemical staining all are coupled with and histopathological examination. Our results revealed that HFD/STZ-induced T2D increased fasting blood glucose, ET-1, ICAM-1, E-selectin, and VIP levels, while decreasing the expression of both microRNA126-5p and p-AKT/p-Pi3k/p-PDK-1/p-mTOR phosphorylation. In contrast, the partial synthetic PPARƳ derivative evidenced a vascular alteration significantly more than reference PIO via decreasing (ET-1), ICAM-1, E-selectin, and VIP, along with increased expression of microRNA126-5p and p-AKT/p-Pi3k/p-PDK-1/p-mTOR. In conclusion, the partial synthetic PPARƳ derivative significantly affected HFD/STZ-induced T2D with vascular complications in the rat aorta.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasmin M. Ahmed
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Nahda University, Beni-Suef 62521, Egypt
| | - Raha Orfali
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2457, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
- Correspondence: (R.O.); (A.M.A.)
| | - Nada S. Abdelwahab
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Nahda University, Beni-Suef 62521, Egypt
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef 62521, Egypt
| | - Hossam M. Hassan
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef 62521, Egypt
| | - Mostafa E. Rateb
- School of Computing, Engineering & Physical Sciences, University of the West of Scotland, Paisley PA1 2BE, UK
| | - Asmaa M. AboulMagd
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Nahda University, Beni-Suef 62521, Egypt
- Correspondence: (R.O.); (A.M.A.)
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MiR-155 Dysregulation Is Associated with the Augmentation of ROS/p53 Axis of Fibrosis in Thioacetamide-Induced Hepatotoxicity and Is Protected by Resveratrol. Diagnostics (Basel) 2022; 12:diagnostics12071762. [PMID: 35885665 PMCID: PMC9322790 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics12071762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2022] [Revised: 07/14/2022] [Accepted: 07/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Liver fibrosis is a hallmark of thioacetamide (TAA) intoxications. MicroRNAs (miRs), such as miR-155, have been implied in the pathogenesis of liver disease, and regulated by the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory compound resveratrol (RES). The link between reactive oxygen species (ROS), tumour suppressor p53 (p53), and liver fibrosis-during the pathogenesis of TAA-induced liver injury-associated with miR-155 dysregulation with and without RES incorporation has not been previously studied. Therefore, one group of rats received TAA injections of 200 mg/kg; twice a week at the beginning of week 3 for 8 weeks (TAA group; or model group), whereas the protective group was pretreated daily with RES suspension (20 mg/kg; orally) for the first two weeks and subsequently sustained on receiving both RES and TAA until being sacrificed at the 10th week. Liver injuries developed in the model group were confirmed by a significant (p < 0.0001) elevation of hepatic tissue levels of miR-155, ROS, p53, and the profibrogenic biomarkers: tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases-1 and α-smooth muscle actin, as well as collagen deposition (fibrosis). All these parameters were significantly (p ≤ 0.0234) protected by resveratrol (RES + TAA). In addition, we observed a significant (p < 0.0001) correlation between ROS/p53 axis mediated liver fibrosis and miR-155. Thus, TAA intoxication induced miR-155 imbalance and ROS/p53-mediated liver fibrosis, with resveratrol, conversely displaying beneficial hepatic pleiotropic effects for a period of 10 weeks.
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