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Riessland M, Ximerakis M, Jarjour AA, Zhang B, Orr ME. Therapeutic targeting of senescent cells in the CNS. Nat Rev Drug Discov 2024; 23:817-837. [PMID: 39349637 DOI: 10.1038/s41573-024-01033-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/08/2024] [Indexed: 11/01/2024]
Abstract
Senescent cells accumulate throughout the body with advanced age, diseases and chronic conditions. They negatively impact health and function of multiple systems, including the central nervous system (CNS). Therapies that target senescent cells, broadly referred to as senotherapeutics, recently emerged as potentially important treatment strategies for the CNS. Promising therapeutic approaches involve clearing senescent cells by disarming their pro-survival pathways with 'senolytics'; or dampening their toxic senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP) using 'senomorphics'. Following the pioneering discovery of first-generation senolytics dasatinib and quercetin, dozens of additional therapies have been identified, and several promising targets are under investigation. Although potentially transformative, senotherapies are still in early stages and require thorough testing to ensure reliable target engagement, specificity, safety and efficacy. The limited brain penetrance and potential toxic side effects of CNS-acting senotherapeutics pose challenges for drug development and translation to the clinic. This Review assesses the potential impact of senotherapeutics for neurological conditions by summarizing preclinical evidence, innovative methods for target and biomarker identification, academic and industry drug development pipelines and progress in clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Markus Riessland
- Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA
- Center for Nervous System Disorders, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA
| | | | | | - Bin Zhang
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Mount Sinai Center for Transformative Disease Modeling, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Miranda E Orr
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section on Gerontology and Geriatric Medicine, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA.
- Salisbury VA Medical Center, Salisbury, NC, USA.
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Sasia C, Borgonetti V, Mancini C, Lori G, Arbiser JL, Taddei ML, Galeotti N. The Neolignan Honokiol and Its Synthetic Derivative Honokiol Hexafluoro Reduce Neuroinflammation and Cellular Senescence in Microglia Cells. Cells 2024; 13:1652. [PMID: 39404415 PMCID: PMC11482602 DOI: 10.3390/cells13191652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2024] [Revised: 09/27/2024] [Accepted: 10/02/2024] [Indexed: 10/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Microglia-mediated neuroinflammation has been linked to neurodegenerative disorders. Inflammation and aging contribute to microglial senescence. Microglial senescence promotes the development of neurodegenerative disorders, including Alzheimer's disease (AD). In this study, we investigated the anti-neuroinflammatory and anti-senescence activity of Honokiol (HNK), a polyphenolic neolignane from Magnolia officinalis Rehder & E.H Wilson, in comparison with its synthetic analogue Honokiol Hexafluoro (CH). HNK reduced the pro-inflammatory cell morphology of LPS-stimulated BV2 microglia cells and increased the expression of the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10 with an efficacy comparable to CH. HNK and CH were also able to attenuate the alterations in cell morphology associated with cellular senescence in BV2 cells intermittently stimulated with LPS and significantly reduce the activity and expression of the senescence marker ß-galactosidase and the expression of p21 and pERK1/2. The treatments reduced the expression of senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP) factors IL-1ß and NF-kB, decreased ROS production, and abolished H2AX over phosphorylation (γ-H2AX) and acetylated H3 overexpression. Senescent microglia cells showed an increased expression of the Notch ligand Jagged1 that was reduced by HNK and CH with a comparable efficacy to the Notch inhibitor DAPT. Overall, our data illustrate a protective activity of HNK and CH on neuroinflammation and cellular senescence in microglia cells involving a Notch-signaling-mediated mechanism and suggesting a potential therapeutic contribution in aging-related neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Sasia
- Department of Neurosciences, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health (Neurofarba), University of Floence, Viale G. Pieraccini 6, 50121 Florence, Italy; (C.S.); (V.B.)
| | - Vittoria Borgonetti
- Department of Neurosciences, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health (Neurofarba), University of Floence, Viale G. Pieraccini 6, 50121 Florence, Italy; (C.S.); (V.B.)
| | - Caterina Mancini
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Viale Morgagni 50, 50134 Florence, Italy (G.L.)
| | - Giulia Lori
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Viale Morgagni 50, 50134 Florence, Italy (G.L.)
| | - Jack L. Arbiser
- Department of Dermatology, Emory School of Medicine, Winship Cancer Institute, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA;
| | - Maria Letizia Taddei
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Viale Morgagni 50, 50134 Florence, Italy (G.L.)
| | - Nicoletta Galeotti
- Department of Neurosciences, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health (Neurofarba), University of Floence, Viale G. Pieraccini 6, 50121 Florence, Italy; (C.S.); (V.B.)
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Chai Y, He S, Liang D, Gu C, Gong Q, Long L, Chen P, Wang L. Mahuang Fuzi Xixin decoction: A potent analgesic for neuropathic pain targeting the NMDAR2B/CaMKIIα/ERK/CREB pathway. Heliyon 2024; 10:e35970. [PMID: 39211918 PMCID: PMC11357756 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e35970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2024] [Revised: 07/30/2024] [Accepted: 08/07/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Neuropathic pain (NeP) is a condition charactesized by nervous system injury or dysfunction that affects a significant portion of the population. Current treatments are ineffective, highlighting the need for novel therapeutic approaches. Mahuang Fuzi Xixin decoction (MFXD) has shown promise for treating pain conditions in clinical practice; however, its potential against NeP and the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. This study identified 35 compounds in MFXD using ultra-high performance liquid chromatography coupled with high-resolution mass spectrometry (UHPLC-HRMS). The analgesic effects of MFXD on chronic constriction injury (CCI) rats were evaluated through the detection of mechanical withdrawal threshold (MWT) and thermal withdrawal latency (TWL). The analgesic effects of MFXD in rats with chronic constriction injury (CCI) were evaluated by measuring the mechanical withdrawal threshold (MWT) and thermal withdrawal latency (TWL). Low-dose MFXD (L-MFXD) group (4.8 g/kg) and high-dose MFXD (H-MFXD) group (9.6 g/kg) exhibited significantly higher MWT and TWL values than the CCI group on days 11 and 15 post-CCI surgery, substantiating the remarkable analgesic efficacy of MFXD. Network pharmacology analysis identified 58 key targets enriched in pathways such as long-term potentiation (LTP) and glutamatergic synapse. The MCODE algorithm further identified core targets with significant enrichment in LTP. Molecular docking revealed that mesaconitine, rosmarinic acid, and delgrandine from MFXD exhibited high binding affinity with NMDAR2B (-11 kcal/mol), CaMKIIα (-14.3 kcal/mol), and ERK (-10.8 kcal/mol). Western blot and immunofluorescence confirmed that H-MFXD significantly suppressed the phosphorylation levels of NMDAR2B, CaMKIIα, ERK, and CREB in the spinal cord tissue of CCI rats. In conclusion, this study demonstrates that MFXD possesses potent analgesic effects on NeP by suppressing the NMDAR2B/CaMKIIα/ERK/CREB signalling pathway. This study unlocks a path toward potentially revolutionising NeP treatment with MFXD, encouraging further research and clinical development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yihui Chai
- Basic Medical School, Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, 550000, China
| | - Siyu He
- School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, China
| | - Dayi Liang
- Second Clinical Medical College, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Haerbin, 150000, China
| | - Chunsong Gu
- Second Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, 550000, China
| | - Qian Gong
- First Clinical Medical School, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510000, China
| | - Ling Long
- Basic Medical School, Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, 550000, China
| | - Peng Chen
- Basic Medical School, Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, 550000, China
| | - Long Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, China
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Arias C, Álvarez-Indo J, Cifuentes M, Morselli E, Kerr B, Burgos PV. Enhancing adipose tissue functionality in obesity: senotherapeutics, autophagy and cellular senescence as a target. Biol Res 2024; 57:51. [PMID: 39118171 PMCID: PMC11312694 DOI: 10.1186/s40659-024-00531-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2024] [Accepted: 07/29/2024] [Indexed: 08/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Obesity, a global health crisis, disrupts multiple systemic processes, contributing to a cascade of metabolic dysfunctions by promoting the pathological expansion of visceral adipose tissue (VAT). This expansion is characterized by impaired differentiation of pre-adipocytes and an increase in senescent cells, leading to a pro-inflammatory state and exacerbated oxidative stress. Particularly, the senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP) and adipose tissue hypoxia further impair cellular function, promoting chronic disease development. This review delves into the potential of autophagy modulation and the therapeutic application of senolytics and senomorphics as novel strategies to mitigate adipose tissue senescence. By exploring the intricate mechanisms underlying adipocyte dysfunction and the emerging role of natural compounds in senescence modulation, we underscore the promising horizon of senotherapeutics in restoring adipose health. This approach not only offers a pathway to combat the metabolic complications of obesity, but also opens new avenues for enhancing life quality and managing the global burden of obesity-related conditions. Our analysis aims to bridge the gap between current scientific progress and clinical application, offering new perspectives on preventing and treating obesity-induced adipose dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Consuelo Arias
- Escuela de Kinesiología, Facultad de Odontología y Ciencias de la Rehabilitación, Universidad San Sebastián, Santiago, 7500922, Chile.
- Centro de Biología Celular y Biomedicina (CEBICEM), Facultad de Medicina y Ciencia, Universidad San Sebastián, Santiago, Chile.
| | - Javiera Álvarez-Indo
- Centro de Biología Celular y Biomedicina (CEBICEM), Facultad de Medicina y Ciencia, Universidad San Sebastián, Santiago, Chile
| | - Mariana Cifuentes
- Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology (INTA), University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS), Santiago, Chile
| | - Eugenia Morselli
- Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Sciences, Universidad San Sebastián, Santiago, Chile
| | - Bredford Kerr
- Centro de Biología Celular y Biomedicina (CEBICEM), Facultad de Medicina y Ciencia, Universidad San Sebastián, Santiago, Chile
| | - Patricia V Burgos
- Centro de Biología Celular y Biomedicina (CEBICEM), Facultad de Medicina y Ciencia, Universidad San Sebastián, Santiago, Chile.
- Centro Basal Ciencia & Vida, Universidad San Sebastián, Santiago, Chile.
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Wang Y, Kuca K, You L, Nepovimova E, Heger Z, Valko M, Adam V, Wu Q, Jomova K. The role of cellular senescence in neurodegenerative diseases. Arch Toxicol 2024; 98:2393-2408. [PMID: 38744709 PMCID: PMC11272704 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-024-03768-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2024] [Accepted: 04/24/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024]
Abstract
Increasing evidence has revealed that cellular senescence drives NDs, including Alzheimer's disease (AD) and Parkinson's disease. Different senescent cell populations secrete senescence-associated secretory phenotypes (SASP), including matrix metalloproteinase-3, interleukin (IL)-1α, IL-6, and IL-8, which can harm adjacent microglia. Moreover, these cells possess high expression levels of senescence hallmarks (p16 and p21) and elevated senescence-associated β-galactosidase activity in in vitro and in vivo ND models. These senescence phenotypes contribute to the deposition of β-amyloid and tau-protein tangles. Selective clearance of senescent cells and SASP regulation by inhibiting p38/mitogen-activated protein kinase and nuclear factor kappa B signaling attenuate β-amyloid load and prevent tau-protein tangle deposition, thereby improving cognitive performance in AD mouse models. In addition, telomere shortening, a cellular senescence biomarker, is associated with increased ND risks. Telomere dysfunction causes cellular senescence, stimulating IL-6, tumor necrosis factor-α, and IL-1β secretions. The forced expression of telomerase activators prevents cellular senescence, yielding considerable neuroprotective effects. This review elucidates the mechanism of cellular senescence in ND pathogenesis, suggesting strategies to eliminate or restore senescent cells to a normal phenotype for treating such diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yating Wang
- College of Life Science, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, 434025, China
| | - Kamil Kuca
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Hradec Králové, 500 03, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
- Biomedical Research Center, University Hospital Hradec Kralove, 500 05, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
- Andalusian Research Institute in Data Science and Computational Intelligence (DaSCI), University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Li You
- College of Physical Education and Health, Chongqing College of International Business and Economics, Chongqing, 401520, China
| | - Eugenie Nepovimova
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Hradec Králové, 500 03, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Zbynek Heger
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Mendel University in Brno, 613 00, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Marian Valko
- Faculty of Chemical and Food Technology, Slovak University of Technology, 812 37, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Vojtech Adam
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Mendel University in Brno, 613 00, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Qinghua Wu
- College of Life Science, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, 434025, China.
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Hradec Králové, 500 03, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic.
| | - Klaudia Jomova
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Constantine the Philosopher University in Nitra, 949 74, Nitra, Slovakia.
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Gao H, Dong G, Yao Y, Yang H. Identification and validation of aging-related genes in neuropathic pain using bioinformatics. Front Genet 2024; 15:1430275. [PMID: 39113685 PMCID: PMC11303200 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2024.1430275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2024] [Accepted: 07/04/2024] [Indexed: 08/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Neuropathic pain (NP) is a debilitating and refractory chronic pain with a higher prevalence especially in elderly patients. Cell senescence considered a key pathogenic factor in NP. The objective of this research is to discover genes associated with aging in peripheral blood of individuals with NP using bioinformatics techniques. Methods Two cohorts (GSE124272 and GSE150408) containing peripheral blood samples of NP were downloaded from the GEO database. By merging the two cohorts, differentially expressed aging-related genes (DE-ARGs) were obtained by intersection with aging-related genes. The potential biological mechanisms of DE-ARGs were further analyzed through GO and KEGG. Three machine learning methods, namely, LASSO, SVM-RFE, and Random Forest, were utilized to identify diagnostic biomarkers. A Nomogram model was developed to assess their diagnostic accuracy. The validation of biomarker expression and diagnostic effectiveness was conducted in three distinct pain cohorts. The CIBERSORT algorithm was employed to evaluate the immune cell composition in the peripheral blood of patients with NP and investigate its association with the expression of diagnostic biomarkers. Results This study identified a total of 24 DE-ARGs, mainly enriched in "Chemokine signaling pathway," "Inflammatory mediator regulation of TRP channels," "HIF-1 signaling pathway" and "FOXO signaling pathway". Three machine learning algorithms identified a total of four diagnostic biomarkers (CEBPA, CEACAM1, BTG3 and IL-1R1) with good diagnostic performance and the similar expression difference trend in different types of pain cohorts. The expression levels of CEACAM1 and IL-1R1 exhibit a positive correlation with the percentage of neutrophils. Conclusion Using machine learning techniques, our research identified four diagnostic biomarkers related to aging in peripheral blood, providing innovative approaches for the diagnosis and treatment of NP.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Huayuan Yang
- School of Acupuncture-Moxibustion and Tuina, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
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Mugnaini C, Brizzi A, Paolino M, Scarselli E, Castelli R, de Candia M, Gambacorta N, Nicolotti O, Kostrzewa M, Kumar P, Mahmoud AM, Borgonetti V, Iannotta M, Morace A, Galeotti N, Maione S, Altomare CD, Ligresti A, Corelli F. Novel Dual-Acting Hybrids Targeting Type-2 Cannabinoid Receptors and Cholinesterase Activity Show Neuroprotective Effects In Vitro and Amelioration of Cognitive Impairment In Vivo. ACS Chem Neurosci 2024; 15:955-971. [PMID: 38372253 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.3c00656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative form of dementia characterized by the loss of synapses and a progressive decline in cognitive abilities. Among current treatments for AD, acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitors have efficacy limited to symptom relief, with significant side effects and poor compliance. Pharmacological agents that modulate the activity of type-2 cannabinoid receptors (CB2R) of the endocannabinoid system by activating or blocking them have also been shown to be effective against neuroinflammation. Herein, we describe the design, synthesis, and pharmacological effects in vitro and in vivo of dual-acting compounds that inhibit AChE and butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) and target CB2R. Within the investigated series, compound 4g proved to be the most promising. It achieved IC50 values in the low micromolar to submicromolar range against both human cholinesterase isoforms while antagonizing CB2R with Ki of 31 nM. Interestingly, 4g showed neuroprotective effects on the SH-SY5Y cell line thanks to its ability to prevent oxidative stress-induced cell toxicity and reverse scopolamine-induced amnesia in the Y-maze forced alternation test in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Mugnaini
- Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Antonella Brizzi
- Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Marco Paolino
- Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Enrico Scarselli
- Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Riccardo Castelli
- Department of Food and Drug, University of Parma, 43124 Parma, Italy
| | - Modesto de Candia
- Department of Pharmacy-Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Bari Aldo Moro, 70125 Bari, Italy
| | - Nicola Gambacorta
- Department of Pharmacy-Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Bari Aldo Moro, 70125 Bari, Italy
| | - Orazio Nicolotti
- Department of Pharmacy-Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Bari Aldo Moro, 70125 Bari, Italy
| | - Magdalena Kostrzewa
- Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry, National Research Council of Italy, 80078 Pozzuoli, Naples ,Italy
| | - Poulami Kumar
- Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry, National Research Council of Italy, 80078 Pozzuoli, Naples ,Italy
| | - Ali Mokhtar Mahmoud
- Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry, National Research Council of Italy, 80078 Pozzuoli, Naples ,Italy
| | - Vittoria Borgonetti
- Department of Neurosciences, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health (NEUROFARBA), Section of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Florence, 50121 Florence, Italy
| | - Monica Iannotta
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Division of Pharmacology, University of Campania "L. Vanvitelli″, 80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Andrea Morace
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Division of Pharmacology, University of Campania "L. Vanvitelli″, 80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Nicoletta Galeotti
- Department of Neurosciences, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health (NEUROFARBA), Section of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Florence, 50121 Florence, Italy
| | - Sabatino Maione
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Division of Pharmacology, University of Campania "L. Vanvitelli″, 80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Cosimo D Altomare
- Department of Pharmacy-Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Bari Aldo Moro, 70125 Bari, Italy
| | - Alessia Ligresti
- Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry, National Research Council of Italy, 80078 Pozzuoli, Naples ,Italy
| | - Federico Corelli
- Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy
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Kitchener EJA, Dundee JM, Brown GC. Activated microglia release β-galactosidase that promotes inflammatory neurodegeneration. Front Aging Neurosci 2024; 15:1327756. [PMID: 38283068 PMCID: PMC10811154 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2023.1327756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/30/2024] Open
Abstract
Beta (β)-galactosidase is a lysosomal enzyme that removes terminal galactose residues from glycolipids and glycoproteins. It is upregulated in, and used as a marker for, senescent cells. Microglia are brain macrophages implicated in neurodegeneration, and can upregulate β-galactosidase when senescent. We find that inflammatory activation of microglia induced by lipopolysaccharide results in translocation of β-galactosidase to the cell surface and release into the medium. Similarly, microglia in aged mouse brains appear to have more β-galactosidase on their surface. Addition of β-galactosidase to neuronal-glial cultures causes microglial activation and neuronal loss mediated by microglia. Inhibition of β-galactosidase in neuronal-glial cultures reduces inflammation and neuronal loss induced by lipopolysaccharide. Thus, activated microglia release β-galactosidase that promotes microglial-mediated neurodegeneration which is prevented by inhibition of β-galactosidase.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Guy C. Brown
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
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Borgonetti V, Caroli C, Governa P, Virginia B, Pollastro F, Franchini S, Manetti F, Les F, López V, Pellati F, Galeotti N. Helichrysum stoechas (L.) Moench reduces body weight gain and modulates mood disorders via inhibition of silent information regulator 1 (SIRT1) by arzanol. Phytother Res 2023; 37:4304-4320. [PMID: 37433745 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.7941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2023] [Revised: 06/06/2023] [Accepted: 06/25/2023] [Indexed: 07/13/2023]
Abstract
The prevalence of obesity is steadily rising, making safe and more efficient anti-obesity treatments an urgent medical need. Growing evidence correlates obesity and comorbidities, including anxiety and depression, with the development of a low-grade inflammation in peripheral and central tissues. We hypothesized that attenuating neuroinflammation might reduce weight gain and improve mood. We investigated the efficacy of a methanolic extract from Helichrysum stoechas (L.) Moench (HSE), well-known for its anti-inflammatory properties, and its main constituent arzanol (AZL). HPLC-ESI-MS2 and HPLC-UV were used to characterize the extract. HSE effects on mood and feeding behavior was assessed in mice. The mechanism of action of HSE and AZL was investigated in hippocampus samples and SH-SY5Y cells by western blotting and immunofluorescence. Oral administration of HSE for 3 weeks limited weight gain with no significant decrease in food intake. HSE produced an anxiolytic-like and antidepressant-like phenotype comparable to diazepam and amitriptyline, respectively, in the absence of locomotor and cognitive impairments and induced neuroprotective effects in glutamate-exposed SH-SY5Y cells. A dose-dependent reduction of SIRT1 expression was detected in SH-SY5Y cells and in hippocampal samples from HSE-treated mice. The inhibition of the SIRT1-FoxO1 pathway was induced in the hypothalamus. Molecular docking studies proposed a mechanism of SIRT1 inhibition by AZL, confirmed by the evaluation of inhibitory effects on SIRT1 enzymatic activity. HSE limited weight gain and comorbidities through an AZL-mediated SIRT1 inhibition. These activities indicate HSE an innovative therapeutic perspective for obesity and associated mood disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vittoria Borgonetti
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health (NEUROFARBA), Section of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Neuroscience, Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Clarissa Caroli
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
- Clinical and Experimental Medicine PhD Program, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Paolo Governa
- Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
- Department of Integrative Structural and Computational Biology, Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Brighenti Virginia
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Federica Pollastro
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Eastern Piedmont, Novara, Italy
| | - Silvia Franchini
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Fabrizio Manetti
- Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Francisco Les
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad San Jorge, Zaragoza, Spain
- Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón, IA2, Universidad de Zaragoza-CITA, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Victor López
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad San Jorge, Zaragoza, Spain
- Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón, IA2, Universidad de Zaragoza-CITA, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Federica Pellati
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Nicoletta Galeotti
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health (NEUROFARBA), Section of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
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Alves-Silva JM, Pedreiro S, Cruz MT, Salgueiro L, Figueirinha A. Exploring the Traditional Uses of Thymbra capitata Infusion in Algarve (Portugal): Anti-Inflammatory, Wound Healing, and Anti-Aging. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2023; 16:1202. [PMID: 37765010 PMCID: PMC10538188 DOI: 10.3390/ph16091202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Revised: 08/17/2023] [Accepted: 08/20/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Inflammation plays a pivotal role in the resolution of infection or tissue damage. In addition, inflammation is considered a hallmark of aging, which in turn compromises wound healing. Thymbra capitata is an aromatic plant, whose infusion is traditionally used as an anti-inflammatory and wound-healing agent. In this study, a T. capitata infusion was prepared and characterized by HPLC-PDA-ESI-MSn and its safety profile determined by the resazurin metabolic assay. The anti-inflammatory potential was revealed in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated macrophages by assessing nitric oxide (NO) release and levels of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and the interleukin-1β pro-form (pro-IL-1β). Wound-healing capacity was determined using the scratch assay. The activity of senescence-associated β-galactosidase was used to unveil the anti-senescent potential, along with the nuclear accumulation of yH2AX and p21 levels. The antiradical potential was assessed by DPPH and ABTS scavenging assays. The infusion contains predominantly rosmarinic acid and salvianolic acids. The extract decreased NO, iNOS, and pro-IL-1β levels. Interestingly, the extract promoted wound healing and decreased β-galactosidase activity, as well as yH2AX and p21 levels. The present work highlights strong antiradical, anti-inflammatory, and wound healing capacities, corroborating the traditional uses ascribed to this plant. We have described, for the first time for this extract, anti-senescent properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge Miguel Alves-Silva
- Univ Coimbra, Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research, Health Sciences Campus, Azinhaga de S. Comba, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal;
- Univ Coimbra, Faculty of Pharmacy, Health Sciences Campus, Azinhaga de S. Comba, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal; (S.P.); (M.T.C.); (A.F.)
| | - Sónia Pedreiro
- Univ Coimbra, Faculty of Pharmacy, Health Sciences Campus, Azinhaga de S. Comba, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal; (S.P.); (M.T.C.); (A.F.)
- Associated Laboratory for Green Chemistry (LAQV) of the Network of Chemistry and Technology (REQUIMTE), University of Porto, 4099-002 Porto, Portugal
| | - Maria Teresa Cruz
- Univ Coimbra, Faculty of Pharmacy, Health Sciences Campus, Azinhaga de S. Comba, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal; (S.P.); (M.T.C.); (A.F.)
- Univ Coimbra, Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Rua Larga, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Lígia Salgueiro
- Univ Coimbra, Faculty of Pharmacy, Health Sciences Campus, Azinhaga de S. Comba, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal; (S.P.); (M.T.C.); (A.F.)
- Univ Coimbra, Chemical Process Engineering and Forest Products Research Centre, Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Sciences and Technology, 3030-790 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Artur Figueirinha
- Univ Coimbra, Faculty of Pharmacy, Health Sciences Campus, Azinhaga de S. Comba, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal; (S.P.); (M.T.C.); (A.F.)
- Associated Laboratory for Green Chemistry (LAQV) of the Network of Chemistry and Technology (REQUIMTE), University of Porto, 4099-002 Porto, Portugal
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de Mera-Rodríguez JA, Álvarez-Hernán G, Gañán Y, Solana-Fajardo J, Martín-Partido G, Rodríguez-León J, Francisco-Morcillo J. Markers of senescence are often associated with neuronal differentiation in the developing sensory systems. Histol Histopathol 2023; 38:493-502. [PMID: 36412998 DOI: 10.14670/hh-18-549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/29/2023]
Abstract
It has been shown that senescent cells accumulate in transient structures of the embryo that normally degenerate during tissue development. A collection of biomarkers is generally accepted to define senescence in embryonic tissues. The histochemical detection of β-galactosidase activity at pH 6.0 (β-gal-pH6) is the most widely used assay for cellular senescence. Immunohistochemical detection of common mediators of senescence which block cell cycle progression, including p16, p21, p63, p15 or p27, has also been used to characterize senescent cells in the embryo. However, the reliability of this techniques has been discussed in recent publications because non-senescent cells are also labelled during development. Indeed, increased levels of senescent markers promote differentiation over apoptosis in developing neurons, suggesting that machinery used for the establishment of cellular senescence is also involved in neuronal maturation. Notably, it has recently been argued that a comparable state of cellular senescence might be adopted by terminally differentiated neurons. The developing sensory systems provide excellent models for studying if canonical markers of senescence are associated with terminal neuronal differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Antonio de Mera-Rodríguez
- Área de Biología Celular, Departamento de Anatomía, Biología Celular y Zoología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Extremadura, Badajoz, Spain
| | - Guadalupe Álvarez-Hernán
- Área de Biología Celular, Departamento de Anatomía, Biología Celular y Zoología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Extremadura, Badajoz, Spain
| | - Yolanda Gañán
- Área de Anatomía y Embriología Humana, Departamento de Anatomía, Biología Celular y Zoología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Extremadura, Badajoz, Spain
| | - Jorge Solana-Fajardo
- Servicio de Oftalmología, Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Badajoz, Badajoz, Spain
| | - Gervasio Martín-Partido
- Área de Biología Celular, Departamento de Anatomía, Biología Celular y Zoología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Extremadura, Badajoz, Spain
| | - Joaquín Rodríguez-León
- Área de Anatomía y Embriología Humana, Departamento de Anatomía, Biología Celular y Zoología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Extremadura, Badajoz, Spain
| | - Javier Francisco-Morcillo
- Área de Biología Celular, Departamento de Anatomía, Biología Celular y Zoología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Extremadura, Badajoz, Spain.
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Alves-Silva JM, Pedreiro S, Cavaleiro C, Cruz MT, Figueirinha A, Salgueiro L. Effect of Thymbra capitata (L.) Cav. on Inflammation, Senescence and Cell Migration. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15081930. [PMID: 37111149 PMCID: PMC10146686 DOI: 10.3390/nu15081930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2023] [Revised: 03/30/2023] [Accepted: 04/14/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Aromatic plants are reported to display pharmacological properties, including anti-aging. This work aims to disclose the anti-aging effect of the essential oil (EO) of Thymbra capitata (L.) Cav., an aromatic and medicinal plant widely used as a spice, as well as of the hydrodistillation residual water (HRW), a discarded by-product of EO hydrodistillation. The phytochemical characterization of EO and HRW was assessed by GC-MS and HPLC-PDA-ESI-MSn, respectively. The DPPH, ABTS, and FRAP assays were used to disclose the antioxidant properties. The anti-inflammatory potential was evaluated using lipopolysaccharide-stimulated macrophages by assessing NO production, iNOS, and pro-IL-1β protein levels. Cell migration was evaluated using the scratch wound assay, and the etoposide-induced senescence was used to assess the modulation of senescence. The EO is mainly characterized by carvacrol, while the HRW is predominantly characterized by rosmarinic acid. The HRW exerts a stronger antioxidant effect in the DPPH and FRAP assays, whereas the EO was the most active sample in the ABTS assay. Both extracts reduce NO, iNOS, and pro-IL-1β. The EO has no effect on cell migration and presents anti-senescence effects. In opposition, HRW reduces cell migration and induces cellular senescence. Overall, our study highlights interesting pharmacological properties for both extracts, EO being of interest as an anti-aging ingredient and HRW relevant in cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge M Alves-Silva
- Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research, University of Coimbra, Health Sciences Campus, Azinhaga de S. Comba, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, Health Sciences Campus, Azinhaga de S. Comba, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Sónia Pedreiro
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, Health Sciences Campus, Azinhaga de S. Comba, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
- Associated Laboratory for Green Chemistry (LAQV) of the Network of Chemistry and Technology (REQUIMTE), University of Porto, 4099-002 Porto, Portugal
| | - Carlos Cavaleiro
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, Health Sciences Campus, Azinhaga de S. Comba, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
- Chemical Process Engineering and Forest Products Research Centre, Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Sciences and Technology, University of Coimbra, 3030-790 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Maria Teresa Cruz
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, Health Sciences Campus, Azinhaga de S. Comba, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
- Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Rua Larga, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Artur Figueirinha
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, Health Sciences Campus, Azinhaga de S. Comba, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
- Associated Laboratory for Green Chemistry (LAQV) of the Network of Chemistry and Technology (REQUIMTE), University of Porto, 4099-002 Porto, Portugal
| | - Lígia Salgueiro
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, Health Sciences Campus, Azinhaga de S. Comba, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
- Associated Laboratory for Green Chemistry (LAQV) of the Network of Chemistry and Technology (REQUIMTE), University of Porto, 4099-002 Porto, Portugal
- Chemical Process Engineering and Forest Products Research Centre, Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Sciences and Technology, University of Coimbra, 3030-790 Coimbra, Portugal
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Microglia senescence is related to neuropathic pain-associated comorbidities in the spared nerve injury model. Pain 2022; 164:1106-1117. [PMID: 36448971 PMCID: PMC10108589 DOI: 10.1097/j.pain.0000000000002807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2022] [Accepted: 10/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT The increased presence of senescent cells in different neurological diseases suggests the contribution of senescence in the pathophysiology of neurodegenerative disorders. Microglia can adapt to any type of disturbance of the homeostasis of the central nervous system (CNS) and its altered activity can lead to permanent and unresolvable damage. The aim of this work was to characterize the behavioural phenotype of spared nerve injury (SNI) mice and then associate it to senescence-related mechanisms. In this work we investigated the timing of the onset of anxiety, depression, or memory decline associated with peripheral neuropathic pain, and their correlation with the presence of microglial cellular senescence. SNI mice showed a persistent pain hypersensitivity from 3 days after surgery. 28 days after nerve injury they also developed anxiety, depression, and cognitive impairment. The appearance of these symptoms was coincident to a significant increase of senescence markers, such as β-galactosidase and senescent-associated secretory phenotype (SASP), at microglial level in the spinal cord and hippocampus of SNI animals. These markers were unaltered at previous time points. In murine immortalized microglial cells (BV2) stimulated with LPS 500 ng/mL for 10 days (4h/day) every other day, we observed an increase of β-galactosidase, SASP appearance, a reduction of cell viability and an increase of Senescence-Associated Heterochromatic Foci (SAHF). Therefore, present findings could represent an important step to a better understanding of the pathophysiological cellular mechanisms in comorbidities related to neuropathic pain states.
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