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Chen A, Huang H, Fang S, Hang Q. ROS: A "booster" for chronic inflammation and tumor metastasis. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2024:189175. [PMID: 39218404 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2024.189175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2024] [Revised: 08/22/2024] [Accepted: 08/26/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024]
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are a group of highly active molecules produced by normal cellular metabolism and play a crucial role in the human body. In recent years, researchers have increasingly discovered that ROS plays a vital role in the progression of chronic inflammation and tumor metastasis. The inflammatory tumor microenvironment established by chronic inflammation can induce ROS production through inflammatory cells. ROS can then directly damage DNA or indirectly activate cellular signaling pathways to promote tumor metastasis and development, including breast cancer, lung cancer, liver cancer, colorectal cancer, and so on. This review aims to elucidate the relationship between ROS, chronic inflammation, and tumor metastasis, explaining how chronic inflammation can induce tumor metastasis and how ROS can contribute to the evolution of chronic inflammation toward tumor metastasis. Interestingly, ROS can have a "double-edged sword" effect, promoting tumor metastasis in some cases and inhibiting it in others. This article also highlights the potential applications of ROS in inhibiting tumor metastasis and enhancing the precision of tumor-targeted therapy. Combining ROS with nanomaterials strategies may be a promising approach to enhance the efficacy of tumor treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anqi Chen
- Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Haifeng Huang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First People's Hospital of Yancheng, Yancheng 224006, China; Department of Laboratory Medicine, Yancheng Clinical Medical College of Jiangsu University, Yancheng 224006, China
| | - Sumeng Fang
- School of Mathematics, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Qinglei Hang
- Jiangsu Provincial Innovation and Practice Base for Postdoctors, Suining People's Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Suining 221200, China; Key laboratory of Jiangsu province university for Nucleic Acid & Cell Fate Manipulation, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; Department of Laboratory Medicine, Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China.
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McKenzie M, Lian GY, Pennel KA, Quinn JA, Jamieson NB, Edwards J. NFκB signalling in colorectal cancer: Examining the central dogma of IKKα and IKKβ signalling. Heliyon 2024; 10:e32904. [PMID: 38975078 PMCID: PMC11226910 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e32904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2024] [Revised: 05/20/2024] [Accepted: 06/11/2024] [Indexed: 07/09/2024] Open
Abstract
The NFκB pathway, known as the central regulator of inflammation, has a well-established role in colorectal cancer (CRC) initiation, progression, and therapy resistance. Due to the pathway's overarching roles in CRC, there have been efforts to characterise NFκB family members and target the pathway for therapeutic intervention. Initial research illustrated that the canonical NFκB pathway, driven by central kinase IKKβ, was a promising target for drug intervention. However, dose limiting toxicities and specificity concerns have resulted in failure of IKKβ inhibitors in clinical trials. The field has turned to look at targeting the less dominant kinase, IKKα, which along with NFκB inducing kinase (NIK), drives the lesser researched non-canonical NFκB pathway. However prognostic studies of the non-canonical pathway have produced conflicting results. There is emerging evidence that IKKα is involved in other signalling pathways, which lie outside of canonical and non-canonical NFκB signalling. Evidence suggests that some of these alternative pathways involve a truncated form of IKKα, and this may drive poor cancer-specific survival in CRC. This review aims to explore the multiple components of NFκB signalling, highlighting that NIK may be the central kinase for non-canonical NFκB signalling, and that IKKα is involved in novel pathways which promote CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Molly McKenzie
- School of Cancer Sciences, Wolfson Wohl Cancer Research Centre, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G61 1BD, UK
| | - Guang-Yu Lian
- School of Cancer Sciences, Wolfson Wohl Cancer Research Centre, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G61 1BD, UK
| | - Kathryn A.F. Pennel
- School of Cancer Sciences, Wolfson Wohl Cancer Research Centre, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G61 1BD, UK
| | - Jean A. Quinn
- School of Cancer Sciences, Wolfson Wohl Cancer Research Centre, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G61 1BD, UK
| | - Nigel B. Jamieson
- School of Cancer Sciences, Wolfson Wohl Cancer Research Centre, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G61 1BD, UK
| | - Joanne Edwards
- School of Cancer Sciences, Wolfson Wohl Cancer Research Centre, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G61 1BD, UK
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Lee D, V AADLR, Kim Y. Optimal strategies of oncolytic virus-bortezomib therapy via the apoptotic, necroptotic, and oncolysis signaling network. MATHEMATICAL BIOSCIENCES AND ENGINEERING : MBE 2024; 21:3876-3909. [PMID: 38549312 DOI: 10.3934/mbe.2024173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/02/2024]
Abstract
Bortezomib and oncolytic virotherapy are two emerging targeted cancer therapies. Bortezomib, a proteasome inhibitor, disrupts protein degradation in cells, leading to the accumulation of unfolded proteins that induce apoptosis. On the other hand, virotherapy uses genetically modified oncolytic viruses (OVs) to infect cancer cells, trigger cell lysis, and activate anti-tumor response. Despite progress in cancer treatment, identifying administration protocols for therapeutic agents remains a significant concern, aiming to strike a balance between efficacy, minimizing toxicity, and administrative costs. In this work, optimal control theory was employed to design a cost-effective and efficient co-administration protocols for bortezomib and OVs that could significantly diminish the population of cancer cells via the cell death program with the NF$ \kappa $B-BAX-RIP1 signaling network. Both linear and quadratic control strategies were explored to obtain practical treatment approaches by adapting necroptosis protocols to efficient cell death programs. Our findings demonstrated that a combination therapy commencing with the administration of OVs followed by bortezomib infusions yields an effective tumor-killing outcome. These results could provide valuable guidance for the development of clinical administration protocols in cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donggu Lee
- Department of Mathematics, Konkuk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Aurelio A de Los Reyes V
- Institute of Mathematics, University of the Philippines Diliman, Quezon City 1101, Philippines
- Biomedical Mathematics Group, Pioneer Research Center for Mathematical and Computational Sciences, Institute for Basic Science, Daejeon 34126, Republic of Korea
| | - Yangjin Kim
- Department of Mathematics, Konkuk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Masroni MSB, Lee KW, Lee VKM, Ng SB, Law CT, Poon KS, Lee BTK, Liu Z, Tan YP, Chng WL, Tucker S, Ngo LSM, Yip GWC, Nga ME, Hue SSS, Putti TC, Bay BH, Lin Q, Zhou L, Hartman M, Loh TP, Lakshmanan M, Lee SY, Tergaonkar V, Chua H, Lee AVH, Yeo EYM, Li MH, Chang CF, Kee Z, Tan KML, Tan SY, Koay ESC, Archetti M, Leong SM. Dynamic altruistic cooperation within breast tumors. Mol Cancer 2023; 22:206. [PMID: 38093346 PMCID: PMC10720132 DOI: 10.1186/s12943-023-01896-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2023] [Accepted: 11/05/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Social behaviors such as altruism, where one self-sacrifices for collective benefits, critically influence an organism's survival and responses to the environment. Such behaviors are widely exemplified in nature but have been underexplored in cancer cells which are conventionally seen as selfish competitive players. This multidisciplinary study explores altruism and its mechanism in breast cancer cells and its contribution to chemoresistance. METHODS MicroRNA profiling was performed on circulating tumor cells collected from the blood of treated breast cancer patients. Cancer cell lines ectopically expressing candidate miRNA were used in co-culture experiments and treated with docetaxel. Ecological parameters like relative survival and relative fitness were assessed using flow cytometry. Functional studies and characterization performed in vitro and in vivo include proliferation, iTRAQ-mass spectrometry, RNA sequencing, inhibition by small molecules and antibodies, siRNA knockdown, CRISPR/dCas9 inhibition and fluorescence imaging of promoter reporter-expressing cells. Mathematical modeling based on evolutionary game theory was performed to simulate spatial organization of cancer cells. RESULTS Opposing cancer processes underlie altruism: an oncogenic process involving secretion of IGFBP2 and CCL28 by the altruists to induce survival benefits in neighboring cells under taxane exposure, and a self-sacrificial tumor suppressive process impeding proliferation of altruists via cell cycle arrest. Both processes are regulated concurrently in the altruists by miR-125b, via differential NF-κB signaling specifically through IKKβ. Altruistic cells persist in the tumor despite their self-sacrifice, as they can regenerate epigenetically from non-altruists via a KLF2/PCAF-mediated mechanism. The altruists maintain a sparse spatial organization by inhibiting surrounding cells from adopting the altruistic fate via a lateral inhibition mechanism involving a GAB1-PI3K-AKT-miR-125b signaling circuit. CONCLUSIONS Our data reveal molecular mechanisms underlying manifestation, persistence and spatial spread of cancer cell altruism. A minor population behave altruistically at a cost to itself producing a collective benefit for the tumor, suggesting tumors to be dynamic social systems governed by the same rules of cooperation in social organisms. Understanding cancer cell altruism may lead to more holistic models of tumor evolution and drug response, as well as therapeutic paradigms that account for social interactions. Cancer cells constitute tractable experimental models for fields beyond oncology, like evolutionary ecology and game theory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Sufyan Bin Masroni
- Department of Pathology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Level 3 NUH Main Building, 21 Lower Kent Ridge Road, Singapore, 119077, Singapore
| | - Kee Wah Lee
- Department of Pathology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Level 3 NUH Main Building, 21 Lower Kent Ridge Road, Singapore, 119077, Singapore
- Department of Anatomy, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, MD10, 4 Medical Drive, Singapore, 117594, Singapore
| | - Victor Kwan Min Lee
- Department of Pathology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Level 3 NUH Main Building, 21 Lower Kent Ridge Road, Singapore, 119077, Singapore
- NUS Centre for Cancer Research (N2CR), MD6, Centre for Translational Medicine, National University of Singapore, 14 Medical Drive, #12-01, Singapore, 117599, Singapore
| | - Siok Bian Ng
- Department of Pathology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Level 3 NUH Main Building, 21 Lower Kent Ridge Road, Singapore, 119077, Singapore
- NUS Centre for Cancer Research (N2CR), MD6, Centre for Translational Medicine, National University of Singapore, 14 Medical Drive, #12-01, Singapore, 117599, Singapore
| | - Chao Teng Law
- Department of Pathology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Level 3 NUH Main Building, 21 Lower Kent Ridge Road, Singapore, 119077, Singapore
| | - Kok Siong Poon
- Department of Pathology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Level 3 NUH Main Building, 21 Lower Kent Ridge Road, Singapore, 119077, Singapore
| | - Bernett Teck-Kwong Lee
- Centre for Biomedical Informatics, Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Experimental Medicine Building, NTU Main Campus, 59 Nanyang Drive, Level 4, Singapore, 636921, Singapore
| | - Zhehao Liu
- Department of Pathology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Level 3 NUH Main Building, 21 Lower Kent Ridge Road, Singapore, 119077, Singapore
- Department of Anatomy, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, MD10, 4 Medical Drive, Singapore, 117594, Singapore
| | - Yuen Peng Tan
- Department of Pathology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Level 3 NUH Main Building, 21 Lower Kent Ridge Road, Singapore, 119077, Singapore
| | - Wee Ling Chng
- Department of Pathology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Level 3 NUH Main Building, 21 Lower Kent Ridge Road, Singapore, 119077, Singapore
| | - Steven Tucker
- Tucker Medical Pte Ltd, Novena Specialist Centre, 8 Sinaran Drive #04-03, Singapore, 307470, Singapore
| | - Lynette Su-Mien Ngo
- Raffles Cancer Centre, Raffles Hospital, 585 North Bridge Road, Singapore, 188770, Singapore
- Current address: Curie Oncology Pte Ltd, Mount Elizabeth Novena Specialist Centre, 38 Irrawaddy Road, Level 8, #08-29/30, Singapore, 329563, Singapore
| | - George Wai Cheong Yip
- Department of Anatomy, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, MD10, 4 Medical Drive, Singapore, 117594, Singapore
- NUS Centre for Cancer Research (N2CR), MD6, Centre for Translational Medicine, National University of Singapore, 14 Medical Drive, #12-01, Singapore, 117599, Singapore
| | - Min En Nga
- Department of Pathology, National University Hospital, Level 3 NUH Main Building, 21 Lower Kent Ridge Road, Singapore, 119077, Singapore
| | - Susan Swee Shan Hue
- Department of Pathology, National University Hospital, Level 3 NUH Main Building, 21 Lower Kent Ridge Road, Singapore, 119077, Singapore
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Proteos, 61 Biopolis Drive, Singapore, 138673, Singapore
| | - Thomas Choudary Putti
- Department of Pathology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Level 3 NUH Main Building, 21 Lower Kent Ridge Road, Singapore, 119077, Singapore
| | - Boon Huat Bay
- Department of Anatomy, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, MD10, 4 Medical Drive, Singapore, 117594, Singapore
| | - Qingsong Lin
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, 14 Science Drive 4, Singapore, 117543, Singapore
| | - Lihan Zhou
- MiRXES Pte Ltd, JTC MedTech Hub, 2 Tukang Innovation Grove #08-01, Singapore, 618305, Singapore
| | - Mikael Hartman
- Department of Surgery, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 1E Kent Ridge Road, NUHS Tower Block, Level 8, Singapore, 119228, Singapore
| | - Tze Ping Loh
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, National University Hospital, Level 3 NUH Main Building, 5 Lower Kent Ridge Road, Singapore, 119074, Singapore
| | - Manikandan Lakshmanan
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Proteos, 61 Biopolis Drive, Singapore, 138673, Singapore
| | - Sook Yee Lee
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Proteos, 61 Biopolis Drive, Singapore, 138673, Singapore
| | - Vinay Tergaonkar
- NUS Centre for Cancer Research (N2CR), MD6, Centre for Translational Medicine, National University of Singapore, 14 Medical Drive, #12-01, Singapore, 117599, Singapore
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Proteos, 61 Biopolis Drive, Singapore, 138673, Singapore
| | - Huiwen Chua
- Department of Pathology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Level 3 NUH Main Building, 21 Lower Kent Ridge Road, Singapore, 119077, Singapore
| | - Adeline Voon Hui Lee
- Department of Pathology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Level 3 NUH Main Building, 21 Lower Kent Ridge Road, Singapore, 119077, Singapore
| | - Eric Yew Meng Yeo
- Department of Pathology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Level 3 NUH Main Building, 21 Lower Kent Ridge Road, Singapore, 119077, Singapore
| | - Mo-Huang Li
- CellSievo Pte Ltd, Block 289A, Bukit Batok Street 25, #15-218, Singapore, 650289, Singapore
| | - Chan Fong Chang
- Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 8 Medical Drive, Singapore, 117594, Singapore
| | - Zizheng Kee
- Department of Pathology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Level 3 NUH Main Building, 21 Lower Kent Ridge Road, Singapore, 119077, Singapore
| | - Karen Mei-Ling Tan
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, National University Hospital, Level 3 NUH Main Building, 5 Lower Kent Ridge Road, Singapore, 119074, Singapore.
- Singapore Institute For Clinical Sciences, Brenner Centre for Molecular Medicine, 30 Medical Drive, Singapore, 117609, Singapore.
| | - Soo Yong Tan
- Department of Pathology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Level 3 NUH Main Building, 21 Lower Kent Ridge Road, Singapore, 119077, Singapore.
- NUS Centre for Cancer Research (N2CR), MD6, Centre for Translational Medicine, National University of Singapore, 14 Medical Drive, #12-01, Singapore, 117599, Singapore.
- Department of Pathology, National University Hospital, Level 3 NUH Main Building, 21 Lower Kent Ridge Road, Singapore, 119077, Singapore.
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Proteos, 61 Biopolis Drive, Singapore, 138673, Singapore.
| | - Evelyn Siew-Chuan Koay
- Department of Pathology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Level 3 NUH Main Building, 21 Lower Kent Ridge Road, Singapore, 119077, Singapore.
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, National University Hospital, Level 3 NUH Main Building, 5 Lower Kent Ridge Road, Singapore, 119074, Singapore.
| | - Marco Archetti
- Department of Biology, Pennsylvania State University, W210 Millennium Science Complex, University Park, PA, 16802, USA.
| | - Sai Mun Leong
- Department of Pathology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Level 3 NUH Main Building, 21 Lower Kent Ridge Road, Singapore, 119077, Singapore.
- NUS Centre for Cancer Research (N2CR), MD6, Centre for Translational Medicine, National University of Singapore, 14 Medical Drive, #12-01, Singapore, 117599, Singapore.
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Liao J, Qin QH, Lv FY, Huang Z, Lian B, Wei CY, Mo QG, Tan QX. IKKα inhibition re-sensitizes acquired adriamycin-resistant triple negative breast cancer cells to chemotherapy-induced apoptosis. Sci Rep 2023; 13:6211. [PMID: 37069240 PMCID: PMC10110611 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-33358-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2023] [Accepted: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 04/19/2023] Open
Abstract
IKKα has been shown to be responsible of multiple pro-tumorigenic functions and therapy resistance independent of canonical NF-κB, but its role in acquired chemotherapy resistance in breast cancer remains unclarified. In this study, we obtained pre-treatment biopsy and post-treatment mastectomy specimens from a retrospective cohort of triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) patients treated with neoadjuvant chemotherapy(NAC) (n = 43). Immunohistochemical methods were used to detect the expression of IKKα before and after NAC, and the relationship between IKKα and the pathologic response to NAC was examined. In addition, we developed a new ADR-resistant MDA-MB-231 cell line(MDA-MB-231/ADR) and analyzed these cells for changes in IKKα expression, the role and mechanisms of the increased IKKα in promoting drug resistance were determined in vitro and in vivo. We demonstrated that the expression of IKKα in residual TNBC tissues after chemotherapy was significantly higher than that before chemotherapy, and was positively correlated with lower pathological reaction. IKKα expression was significantly higher in ADR-resistant TNBC cells than in ADR-sensitive cells, IKKα knockdown results in apoptotic cell death of chemoresistant cells upon drug treatment. Moreover, IKKα knockdown promotes chemotherapeutic drug-induced tumor cell death in an transplanted tumor mouse model. Functionally, we demonstrated that IKKα knockdown significantly upregulated the expression of cleaved caspase 3 and Bax and inhibited the expression of Bcl-2 upon ADR treatment. Our findings highlighted that IKKα exerts an important and previously unknown role in promoting chemoresistance in TNBC, combining IKKα inhibition with chemotherapy may be an effective strategy to improve treatment outcome in chemoresistant TNBC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Liao
- Department of Breast Surgery, Guangxi Medical University Cancer Hospital, 71 Hedi Road, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Qing-Hong Qin
- Department of Breast Surgery, Guangxi Medical University Cancer Hospital, 71 Hedi Road, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi Province, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer Diagnosis and Treatment Research of Guangxi, Department of Education, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Fa-You Lv
- Department of Breast Surgery, Guangxi Medical University Cancer Hospital, 71 Hedi Road, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi Province, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer Diagnosis and Treatment Research of Guangxi, Department of Education, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhen Huang
- Department of Breast Surgery, Guangxi Medical University Cancer Hospital, 71 Hedi Road, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Bin Lian
- Department of Breast Surgery, Guangxi Medical University Cancer Hospital, 71 Hedi Road, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Chang-Yuan Wei
- Department of Breast Surgery, Guangxi Medical University Cancer Hospital, 71 Hedi Road, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Qin-Guo Mo
- Department of Breast Surgery, Guangxi Medical University Cancer Hospital, 71 Hedi Road, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi Province, People's Republic of China.
| | - Qi-Xing Tan
- Department of Breast Surgery, Guangxi Medical University Cancer Hospital, 71 Hedi Road, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi Province, People's Republic of China.
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Zhu M, Sun Y, Bai H, Wang Y, Yang B, Wang Q, Kuang H. Effects of saponins from Chinese herbal medicines on signal transduction pathways in cancer: A review. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1159985. [PMID: 37063281 PMCID: PMC10090286 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1159985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2023] [Accepted: 03/16/2023] [Indexed: 03/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer poses a serious threat to human health, and the search for safe and effective drugs for its treatment has aroused interest and become a long-term goal. Traditional Chinese herbal medicine (TCM), an ancient science with unique anti-cancer advantages, has achieved outstanding results in long-term clinical practice. Accumulating evidence shows that saponins are key bioactive components in TCM and have great research and development applications for their significant role in the treatment of cancer. Saponins are a class of glycosides comprising nonpolar triterpenes or sterols attached to hydrophilic oligosaccharide groups that exert antitumor effects by targeting the NF-κB, PI3Ks-Akt-mTOR, MAPK, Wnt-β-catenin, JAK-STAT3, APMK, p53, and EGFR signaling pathways. Presently, few advances have been made in physiological and pathological studies on the effect of saponins on signal transduction pathways involved in cancer treatment. This paper reviews the phytochemistry and extraction methods of saponins of TCM and their effects on signal transduction pathways in cancer. It aims to provide theoretical support for in-depth studies on the anticancer effects of saponins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingtao Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Basic and Application Research of Beiyao (Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine), Ministry of Education, Harbin, China
| | - Yanping Sun
- Key Laboratory of Basic and Application Research of Beiyao (Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine), Ministry of Education, Harbin, China
| | - Haodong Bai
- Key Laboratory of Basic and Application Research of Beiyao (Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine), Ministry of Education, Harbin, China
| | - Yimeng Wang
- Key Laboratory of Basic and Application Research of Beiyao (Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine), Ministry of Education, Harbin, China
| | - Bingyou Yang
- Key Laboratory of Basic and Application Research of Beiyao (Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine), Ministry of Education, Harbin, China
| | - Qiuhong Wang
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Qiuhong Wang, ; Haixue Kuang,
| | - Haixue Kuang
- Key Laboratory of Basic and Application Research of Beiyao (Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine), Ministry of Education, Harbin, China
- *Correspondence: Qiuhong Wang, ; Haixue Kuang,
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Lasa M, Contreras-Jurado C. Thyroid hormones act as modulators of inflammation through their nuclear receptors. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:937099. [PMID: 36004343 PMCID: PMC9393327 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.937099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2022] [Accepted: 07/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Reciprocal crosstalk between endocrine and immune systems has been well-documented both in physiological and pathological conditions, although the connection between the immune system and thyroid hormones (THs) remains largely unclear. Inflammation and infection are two important processes modulated by the immune system, which have profound effects on both central and peripheral THs metabolism. Conversely, optimal levels of THs are necessary for the maintenance of immune function and response. Although some effects of THs are mediated by their binding to cell membrane integrin receptors, triggering a non-genomic response, most of the actions of these hormones involve their binding to specific nuclear thyroid receptors (TRs), which generate a genomic response by modulating the activity of a great variety of transcription factors. In this special review on THs role in health and disease, we highlight the relevance of these hormones in the molecular mechanisms linked to inflammation upon their binding to specific nuclear receptors. In particular, we focus on THs effects on different signaling pathways involved in the inflammation associated with various infectious and/or pathological processes, emphasizing those mediated by NF-kB, p38MAPK and JAK/STAT. The findings showed in this review suggest new opportunities to improve current therapeutic strategies for the treatment of inflammation associated with several infections and/or diseases, such as cancer, sepsis or Covid-19 infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Lasa
- Departamento de Bioquímica-Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas “Alberto Sols”, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Madrid, Spain
| | - Constanza Contreras-Jurado
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Alfonso X El Sabio, Madrid, Spain
- Departamento de Fisiopatología Endocrina y del Sistema Nervioso, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas “Alberto Sols”, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas and Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
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Analysis on the desert adaptability of indigenous sheep in the southern edge of Taklimakan Desert. Sci Rep 2022; 12:12264. [PMID: 35851076 PMCID: PMC9293982 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-15986-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2021] [Accepted: 07/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The southern margin of the Taklimakan Desert is characterized by low rainfall, heavy sandstorms, sparse vegetation and harsh ecological environment. The indigenous sheep in this area are rich in resources, with the advantages of perennial estrus and good resistance to stress in most sheep. Exploring the molecular markers of livestock adaptability in this environment will provide the molecular basis for breeding research to cope with extreme future changes in the desert environment. In this study, we analyzed the population genetic structure and linkage imbalance of five sheep breeds with three different agricultural geographic characteristics using four complementary genomic selection signals: fixation index (FST), cross-population extended haplotype homozygosity (xp-EHH), Rsb (extended haplotype homozygosity between-populations) and iHS (integrated haplotype homozygosity score). We used Illumina Ovine SNP 50K Genotyping BeadChip Array, and gene annotation and enrichment analysis were performed on selected regions of the obtained genome. The ovary of Qira Black sheep (Follicular phase, Luteal phase, 30th day of pregnancy, 45th day of pregnancy) was collected, and the differentially expressed genes were screened by transcriptomic sequencing. Genome-wide selective sweep results and transcriptome data were combined for association analysis to obtain candidate genes associated with perennial estrus and stable reproduction. In order to verify the significance of the results, 15 resulting genes were randomly selected for fluorescence quantitative analysis. The results showed that Dolang sheep and Qira Black sheep evolved from Kazak sheep. Linkage disequilibrium analysis showed that the decay rate of sheep breeds in the Taklimakan Desert was higher than that in Yili grassland. The signals of FST, xp-EHH, Rsb and iHS detected 526, 332, 308 and 408 genes, respectively, under the threshold of 1% and 17 overlapping genes under the threshold of 5%. A total of 29 genes were detected in association analysis of whole-genome and transcriptome data. This study reveals the genetic mechanism of perennial estrus and environmental adaptability of indigenous sheep breeds in the Taklimakan Desert. It provides a theoretical basis for the conservation and exploitation of genetic resources of indigenous sheep breeds in extreme desert environment. This provides a new perspective for the quick adaptation of sheep and other mammals to extreme environments and future climate changes.
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Dey KK, Gazal S, van de Geijn B, Kim SS, Nasser J, Engreitz JM, Price AL. SNP-to-gene linking strategies reveal contributions of enhancer-related and candidate master-regulator genes to autoimmune disease. CELL GENOMICS 2022; 2:100145. [PMID: 35873673 PMCID: PMC9306342 DOI: 10.1016/j.xgen.2022.100145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
We assess contributions to autoimmune disease of genes whose regulation is driven by enhancer regions (enhancer-related) and genes that regulate other genes in trans (candidate master-regulator). We link these genes to SNPs using several SNP-to-gene (S2G) strategies and apply heritability analyses to draw three conclusions about 11 autoimmune/blood-related diseases/traits. First, several characterizations of enhancer-related genes using functional genomics data are informative for autoimmune disease heritability after conditioning on a broad set of regulatory annotations. Second, candidate master-regulator genes defined using trans-eQTL in blood are also conditionally informative for autoimmune disease heritability. Third, integrating enhancer-related and master-regulator gene sets with protein-protein interaction (PPI) network information magnified their disease signal. The resulting PPI-enhancer gene score produced >2-fold stronger heritability signal and >2-fold stronger enrichment for drug targets, compared with the recently proposed enhancer domain score. In each case, functionally informed S2G strategies produced 4.1- to 13-fold stronger disease signals than conventional window-based strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kushal K. Dey
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Corresponding author
| | - Steven Gazal
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Bryce van de Geijn
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Genentech, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Samuel Sungil Kim
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Joseph Nasser
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Jesse M. Engreitz
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
- BASE Initiative, Betty Irene Moore Children’s Heart Center, Lucile Packard Children’s Hospital, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94304, USA
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Alkes L. Price
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
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10
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Upregulation of PNCK Promotes Metastasis and Angiogenesis via Activating NF-κB/VEGF Pathway in Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma. JOURNAL OF ONCOLOGY 2022; 2022:8541582. [PMID: 35535310 PMCID: PMC9078829 DOI: 10.1155/2022/8541582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2021] [Revised: 03/12/2022] [Accepted: 03/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Background Distant metastasis is the major cause of treatment failure in patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC). Thus, the identification of the molecular mechanisms and the development of novel therapeutic strategies are important. Previous studies suggest that PNCK promotes tumor growth by suppressing PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling in NPC. However, the underlying regulatory mechanism of PNCK for NPC invasion and metastasis remains unclear. Methods The PNCK expression level was evaluated in nonmetastatic and metastatic NPC specimens by mRNA sequencing and immunohistochemistry. In vitro migration and invasion and in vivo nude mouse metastasis model and zebrafish model were used to evaluate the effects of PNCK ectopic expression on the metastatic ability of NPC cells. Gene set enrichment and western blot analyses were used to investigate the PNCK downstream signaling pathway. Results Human metastatic NPC samples showed elevated PNCK expression at both mRNA and protein levels. Upregulated PNCK promoted in vitro NPC cell migration, invasion, and the formation of lung metastases; the vascular-labeled fluorescence signal increased in the in vivo zebrafish model. Mechanistically, pathway analysis showed that the upregulation of PNCK may promote cell metastasis by activating the NF-κB/VEGF signaling pathway. Conclusions These findings revealed the specific critical role of PNCK in promoting NPC metastasis and angiogenesis, which suggested that PNCK may have implications as a potential therapeutic target for individualized NPC treatment.
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11
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Rodríguez MJ, Sabaj M, Tolosa G, Herrera Vielma F, Zúñiga MJ, González DR, Zúñiga-Hernández J. Maresin-1 Prevents Liver Fibrosis by Targeting Nrf2 and NF-κB, Reducing Oxidative Stress and Inflammation. Cells 2021; 10:3406. [PMID: 34943914 PMCID: PMC8699629 DOI: 10.3390/cells10123406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2021] [Revised: 11/19/2021] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Liver fibrosis is a complex process characterized by the excessive accumulation of extracellular matrix (ECM) and an alteration in liver architecture, as a result of most types of chronic liver diseases such as cirrhosis, hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and liver failure. Maresin-1 (MaR1) is derivative of ω-3 docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), which has been shown to have pro-resolutive and anti-inflammatory effects. We tested the hypothesis that the application of MaR1 could prevent the development of fibrosis in an animal model of chronic hepatic damage. Sprague-Dawley rats were induced with liver fibrosis by injections of diethylnitrosamine (DEN) and treated with or without MaR1 for four weeks. In the MaR1-treated animals, levels of AST and ALT were normalized in comparison with DEN alone, the hepatic architecture was improved, and inflammation and necrotic areas were reduced. Cell proliferation, assessed by the mitotic activity index and the expression of Ki-67, was increased in the MaR1-treated group. MaR1 attenuated liver fibrosis and oxidative stress was induced by DEN. Plasma levels of the pro-inflammatory mediators TNF-α and IL-1β were reduced in MaR1-treated animals, whereas the levels of IL-10, an anti-inflammatory cytokine, increased. Interestingly, MaR1 inhibited the translocation of the p65 subunit of NF-κB, while increasing the activation of Nrf2, a key regulator of the antioxidant response. Finally, MaR1 treatment reduced the levels of the pro-fibrotic mediator TGF-β and its receptor, while normalizing the hepatic levels of IGF-1, a proliferative agent. Taken together, these results suggest that MaR1 improves the parameters of DEN-induced liver fibrosis, activating hepatocyte proliferation and decreasing oxidative stress and inflammation. These results open the possibility of MaR1 as a potential therapeutic agent in fibrosis and other liver pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- María José Rodríguez
- Departamento de Ciencias Básicas Biomédicas, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Talca, Talca 3460000, Chile; (M.J.R.); (F.H.V.); (M.J.Z.); (D.R.G.)
- Programa de Doctorado en Ciencias Mención Investigación y Desarrollo de Productos Bioactivos, Instituto de Química de los Recursos Naturales, Universidad de Talca, Talca 3460000, Chile
| | - Matías Sabaj
- Escuela de Tecnología Médica, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Talca, Talca 3460000, Chile; (M.S.); (G.T.)
| | - Gerardo Tolosa
- Escuela de Tecnología Médica, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Talca, Talca 3460000, Chile; (M.S.); (G.T.)
| | - Francisca Herrera Vielma
- Departamento de Ciencias Básicas Biomédicas, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Talca, Talca 3460000, Chile; (M.J.R.); (F.H.V.); (M.J.Z.); (D.R.G.)
- Programa de Doctorado en Ciencias Mención Investigación y Desarrollo de Productos Bioactivos, Instituto de Química de los Recursos Naturales, Universidad de Talca, Talca 3460000, Chile
| | - María José Zúñiga
- Departamento de Ciencias Básicas Biomédicas, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Talca, Talca 3460000, Chile; (M.J.R.); (F.H.V.); (M.J.Z.); (D.R.G.)
| | - Daniel R. González
- Departamento de Ciencias Básicas Biomédicas, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Talca, Talca 3460000, Chile; (M.J.R.); (F.H.V.); (M.J.Z.); (D.R.G.)
| | - Jessica Zúñiga-Hernández
- Departamento de Ciencias Básicas Biomédicas, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Talca, Talca 3460000, Chile; (M.J.R.); (F.H.V.); (M.J.Z.); (D.R.G.)
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12
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Antitumoral Activities of Curcumin and Recent Advances to ImProve Its Oral Bioavailability. Biomedicines 2021; 9:biomedicines9101476. [PMID: 34680593 PMCID: PMC8533288 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9101476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2021] [Revised: 10/05/2021] [Accepted: 10/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Curcumin, a main bioactive component of the Curcuma longa L. rhizome, is a phenolic compound that exerts a wide range of beneficial effects, acting as an antimicrobial, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and anticancer agent. This review summarizes recent data on curcumin's ability to interfere with the multiple cell signaling pathways involved in cell cycle regulation, apoptosis and the migration of several cancer cell types. However, although curcumin displays anticancer potential, its clinical application is limited by its low absorption, rapid metabolism and poor bioavailability. To overcome these limitations, several curcumin-based derivatives/analogues and different drug delivery approaches have been developed. Here, we also report the anticancer mechanisms and pharmacokinetic characteristics of some derivatives/analogues and the delivery systems used. These strategies, although encouraging, require additional in vivo studies to support curcumin clinical applications.
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13
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Diverse innate stimuli activate basophils through pathways involving Syk and IκB kinases. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2021; 118:2019524118. [PMID: 33727419 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2019524118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Mature basophils play critical inflammatory roles during helminthic, autoimmune, and allergic diseases through their secretion of histamine and the type 2 cytokines interleukin 4 (IL-4) and IL-13. Basophils are activated typically by allergen-mediated IgE cross-linking but also by endogenous "innate" factors. The aim of this study was to identify the innate stimuli (cytokines, chemokines, growth factors, hormones, neuropeptides, metabolites, and bacterial products) and signaling pathways inducing primary basophil activation. Basophils from naïve mice or helminth-infected mice were cultured with up to 96 distinct stimuli and their influence on basophil survival, activation, degranulation, and IL-4 or IL-13 expression were investigated. Activated basophils show a heterogeneous phenotype and segregate into distinct subsets expressing IL-4, IL-13, activation, or degranulation markers. We find that several innate stimuli including epithelial derived inflammatory cytokines (IL-33, IL-18, TSLP, and GM-CSF), growth factors (IL-3, IL-7, TGFβ, and VEGF), eicosanoids, metabolites, TLR ligands, and type I IFN exert significant direct effects on basophils. Basophil activation mediated by distinct upstream signaling pathways is always sensitive to Syk and IκB kinases-specific inhibitors but not necessarily to NFAT, STAT5, adenylate cyclase, or c-fos/AP-1 inhibitors. Thus, basophils are activated by very diverse mediators, but their activation seem controlled by a core checkpoint involving Syk and IκB kinases.
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14
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Xu X, Lei Y, Chen L, Zhou H, Liu H, Jiang J, Yang Y, Wu B. Phosphorylation of NF-κBp65 drives inflammation-mediated hepatocellular carcinogenesis and is a novel therapeutic target. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL & CLINICAL CANCER RESEARCH : CR 2021; 40:253. [PMID: 34380537 PMCID: PMC8359590 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-021-02062-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2021] [Accepted: 08/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) plays a vital role in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). β-arrestin1 (ARRB1) has been proved to enhance the activity of NF-κBp65, and our previous study indicated that ARRB1 promotes hepatocellular carcinogenesis and development of HCC. However, it remains unknown whether p65 is involved in hepatocellular carcinogenesis through the ARRB1-mediated pathway. METHODS The levels of NF-κBp65 and NF-κBp65 phosphorylation (p-p65) were assessed in including normal liver, primary HCC and paired paracancerous tissues. Liver-specific p65 knockout mice were used to examine the role of p65 and p-p65 in hepatocarcinogenesis. The mechanism of NF-κBp65 and p-p65 in hepatocarcinogenesis via ARRB1 was also studied both in vitro and in vivo. RESULTS Phosphorylation of NF-κBp65 was markedly upregulated in inflammation-related HCC patients and was significantly increased in mouse hepatic inflammation models, which were induced by tetrachloromethane (CCl4), diethylnitrosamine (DEN), TNF-α, as well as DEN-induced HCC. Hepatocyte-specific p65-deficient mice markedly decreased in the HCC incidence and size of tumours by the repressing of the proliferation of malignant cells in a DEN-induced HCC model. Furthermore, ARRB1 directly bounds p65 to promote the phosphorylation of NF-κBp65 at ser536, resulted in cell malignant proliferation through GSK3β/mTOR signalling. CONCLUSION The data demonstrated that phosphorylation of NF-κBp65 drives hepatocellular carcinogenesis in response to inflammation-mediated ARRB1, and that inhibition of the phosphorylation of NF-κBp65 restrains the hepatocellular carcinogenesis. The results indicate that phosphorylation of NF-κBp65 is a novel therapeutic target for HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuan Xu
- Department of Gastroenterology, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510630, Guangdong Province, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Liver Disease Research, Guangzhou, 510630, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Yiming Lei
- Department of Gastroenterology, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510630, Guangdong Province, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Liver Disease Research, Guangzhou, 510630, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Lingjun Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510630, Guangdong Province, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Liver Disease Research, Guangzhou, 510630, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Haoxiong Zhou
- Department of Gastroenterology, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510630, Guangdong Province, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Liver Disease Research, Guangzhou, 510630, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Huiling Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510630, Guangdong Province, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Liver Disease Research, Guangzhou, 510630, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Jie Jiang
- Department of Gastroenterology, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510630, Guangdong Province, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Liver Disease Research, Guangzhou, 510630, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Yidong Yang
- Department of Gastroenterology, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510630, Guangdong Province, China. .,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Liver Disease Research, Guangzhou, 510630, Guangdong Province, China.
| | - Bin Wu
- Department of Gastroenterology, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510630, Guangdong Province, China. .,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Liver Disease Research, Guangzhou, 510630, Guangdong Province, China.
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15
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Davis JL, Thaler R, Cox L, Ricci B, Zannit HM, Wan F, Faccio R, Dudakovic A, van Wijnen AJ, Veis DJ. Constitutive activation of NF-κB inducing kinase (NIK) in the mesenchymal lineage using Osterix (Sp7)- or Fibroblast-specific protein 1 (S100a4)-Cre drives spontaneous soft tissue sarcoma. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0254426. [PMID: 34292968 PMCID: PMC8297882 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0254426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2020] [Accepted: 06/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Aberrant NF-κB signaling fuels tumor growth in multiple human cancer types including both hematologic and solid malignancies. Chronic elevated alternative NF-κB signaling can be modeled in transgenic mice upon activation of a conditional NF-κB-inducing kinase (NIK) allele lacking the regulatory TRAF3 binding domain (NT3). Here, we report that expression of NT3 in the mesenchymal lineage with Osterix (Osx/Sp7)-Cre or Fibroblast-Specific Protein 1 (FSP1)-Cre caused subcutaneous, soft tissue tumors. These tumors displayed significantly shorter latency and a greater multiple incidence rate in Fsp1-Cre;NT3 compared to Osx-Cre;NT3 mice, regardless of sex. Histological assessment revealed poorly differentiated solid tumors with some spindled patterns, as well as robust RelB immunostaining, confirming activation of alternative NF-κB. Even though NT3 expression also occurs in the osteolineage in Osx-Cre;NT3 mice, we observed no bony lesions. The staining profiles and pattern of Cre expression in the two lines pointed to a mesenchymal tumor origin. Immunohistochemistry revealed that these tumors stain strongly for alpha-smooth muscle actin (αSMA), although vimentin staining was uniform only in Osx-Cre;NT3 tumors. Negative CD45 and S100 immunostains precluded hematopoietic and melanocytic origins, respectively, while positive staining for cytokeratin 19 (CK19), typically associated with epithelia, was found in subpopulations of both tumors. Principal component, differential expression, and gene ontology analyses revealed that NT3 tumors are distinct from normal mesenchymal tissues and are enriched for NF-κB related biological processes. We conclude that constitutive activation of the alternative NF-κB pathway in the mesenchymal lineage drives spontaneous sarcoma and provides a novel mouse model for NF-κB related sarcomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer L. Davis
- Musculoskeletal Research Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States of America
- Department of Medicine, Division of Bone and Mineral Diseases, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States of America
| | - Roman Thaler
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States of America
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States of America
| | - Linda Cox
- Musculoskeletal Research Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States of America
- Department of Medicine, Division of Bone and Mineral Diseases, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States of America
| | - Biancamaria Ricci
- Musculoskeletal Research Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States of America
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, United States of America
| | - Heather M. Zannit
- Musculoskeletal Research Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States of America
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, United States of America
| | - Fei Wan
- Department of Surgery, Division of Public Health Sciences, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States of America
| | - Roberta Faccio
- Musculoskeletal Research Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States of America
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, United States of America
- Shriners Hospitals for Children–St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, United States of America
| | - Amel Dudakovic
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States of America
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States of America
| | - Andre J. van Wijnen
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States of America
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States of America
| | - Deborah J. Veis
- Musculoskeletal Research Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States of America
- Department of Medicine, Division of Bone and Mineral Diseases, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States of America
- Shriners Hospitals for Children–St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, United States of America
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16
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Curcumin Loaded Chitosan-Protamine Nanoparticles Revealed Antitumor Activity Via Suppression of NF-κB, Proinflammatory Cytokines and Bcl-2 Gene Expression in the Breast Cancer Cells. J Pharm Sci 2021; 110:3298-3305. [PMID: 34097977 DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2021.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2020] [Revised: 03/10/2021] [Accepted: 06/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Nano drug delivery has been recently used to enhance the stability and bioavailability of chemotherapeutic agents. In this study, Chitosan/protamine nanocarrier was synthesized and used to encapsulate curcumin (CUR). The physicochemical properties of the empty carrier (CHPNPs) and curcumin-containing carrier (CU-CHPNPs) were characterized by TEM imaging, Zetasizer, and FT-IR spectroscopy. The antitumor activity of the prepared nanoparticles was assessed by determination of cell count, cell viability, the level of NF-κB, IL-6, and TNF-α and Bcl-2 gene expression in breast cancer cells (MCF-7). The results revealed that the obtained CU-CHPNPs had an average hydrodynamic size of 200 nm, zeta potential of +26.66 mv, and showed a drug encapsulation efficiency of 67%, and drug loading capacity of 40.20%. The cell-based assay showed a significant reduction in the cell viability, and NF-κB, TNF-α, and IL-6 levels upon treatment with CU-CHPNPs as compared to free CUR. Finally, the (CU-CHPNPs) downregulated the expression of the Bcl-2 anti-apoptotic gene more effectively than CUR and the CHPNPs comparing with the β Actin housekeeping gene. This study concluded that the nano-encapsulation of CUR significantly enhances its antitumor efficacy via inhibition of NF-κB, IL-6, and TNF-α and downregulation of Bcl-2.
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17
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Wang X, Peng H, Huang Y, Kong W, Cui Q, Du J, Jin H. Post-translational Modifications of IκBα: The State of the Art. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:574706. [PMID: 33224945 PMCID: PMC7674170 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.574706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2020] [Accepted: 10/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) signaling pathway regulates a variety of biological functions in the body, and its abnormal activation contributes to the pathogenesis of many diseases, such as cardiovascular and respiratory diseases and cancers. Therefore, to ensure physiological homeostasis of body systems, this pathway is strictly regulated by IκBα transcription, IκBα synthesis, and the IκBα-dependent nuclear transport of NF-κB. Particularly, the post-translational modifications of IκBα including phosphorylation, ubiquitination, SUMOylation, glutathionylation and hydroxylation are crucial in the abovementioned regulatory process. Because of the importance of the NF-κB pathway in maintaining body homeostasis, understanding the post-translational modifications of IκBα can not only provide deeper insights into the regulation of NF-κB pathway but also contribute to the development of new drug targets and biomarkers for the diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiuli Wang
- Department of Pediatrics, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Hanlin Peng
- Department of Pediatrics, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yaqian Huang
- Department of Pediatrics, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Kong
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Sciences, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
| | - Qinghua Cui
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Centre for Noncoding RNA Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Junbao Du
- Department of Pediatrics, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Sciences, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
| | - Hongfang Jin
- Department of Pediatrics, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
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18
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Dimitrakopoulos FID, Kottorou AE, Kalofonou M, Kalofonos HP. The Fire Within: NF-κB Involvement in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer. Cancer Res 2020; 80:4025-4036. [PMID: 32616502 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-19-3578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2019] [Revised: 04/01/2020] [Accepted: 06/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Thirty-four years since its discovery, NF-κB remains a transcription factor with great potential for cancer therapy. However, NF-κB-targeted therapies have yet to find a way to be clinically translatable. Here, we focus exclusively on the role of NF-κB in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and discuss its contributing effect on cancer hallmarks such as inflammation, proliferation, survival, apoptosis, angiogenesis, epithelial-mesenchymal transition, metastasis, stemness, metabolism, and therapy resistance. In addition, we present our current knowledge of the clinical significance of NF-κB and its involvement in the treatment of patients with NSCLC with chemotherapy, targeted therapies, and immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Foteinos-Ioannis D Dimitrakopoulos
- Clinical and Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Division of Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical School, University of Patras, Patras, Greece
| | - Anastasia E Kottorou
- Clinical and Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Division of Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical School, University of Patras, Patras, Greece
| | - Melpomeni Kalofonou
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Haralabos P Kalofonos
- Clinical and Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Division of Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical School, University of Patras, Patras, Greece.
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19
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Lin PH, Tung YT, Chen HY, Chiang YF, Hong HC, Huang KC, Hsu SP, Huang TC, Hsia SM. Melatonin activates cell death programs for the suppression of uterine leiomyoma cell proliferation. J Pineal Res 2020; 68:e12620. [PMID: 31710386 DOI: 10.1111/jpi.12620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2019] [Revised: 10/18/2019] [Accepted: 11/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The circadian nature of melatonin has a protective effect on the progression of female reproductive cancers, including breast and ovarian cancers. However, the effect of melatonin on the growth of uterine leiomyoma is still unclear. In this study, we found that the growth of uterine leiomyoma ELT3 cells was reduced by treatment with melatonin. Treatment with melatonin increased the distribution of sub-G1 phase and increased DNA condensation in ELT3 cells. Melatonin-induced apoptosis and autophagy cell death progression were observed in ELT3 cells. Melatonin exerts a highly selective effect on primary normal human uterine smooth muscle (UtSMC) cells. The UtSMC cell cycle was arrested by melatonin treatment through up-regulation of p21, p27, and PTEN protein expression, but melatonin did not further promote apoptosis program activation. Melatonin reduced cell proliferation in ELT3 cells underlying the activation of melatonin MT1 and MT2 receptors, which in turn down-regulated the Akt-ERK1/2-NFκB signaling pathway. Melatonin reduced ELT3 tumor growth in both xenograft and orthotopic uterine tumor mice models. The extracellular matrix of the tumor was also reduced by melatonin treatment. Taken together, these results suggest that melatonin potentially plays a role in suppression of uterine leiomyoma growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Po-Han Lin
- School of Nutrition and Health Sciences, College of Nutrition, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yen-Ting Tung
- School of Nutrition and Health Sciences, College of Nutrition, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hsin-Yuan Chen
- School of Nutrition and Health Sciences, College of Nutrition, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Fen Chiang
- School of Nutrition and Health Sciences, College of Nutrition, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hui-Chih Hong
- School of Nutrition and Health Sciences, College of Nutrition, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ko-Chieh Huang
- School of Nutrition and Health Sciences, College of Nutrition, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Sung-Po Hsu
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Tsui-Chin Huang
- Graduate Institute of Molecular Cancer Biology and Drug Discovery, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Min Hsia
- School of Nutrition and Health Sciences, College of Nutrition, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Metabolism and Obesity Sciences, College of Nutrition, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
- School of Food and Safety, College of Nutrition, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Nutrition Research Center, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
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20
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Shokri S, Mahmoudvand S, Taherkhani R, Farshadpour F, Jalalian FA. Complexity on modulation of NF-κB pathways by hepatitis B and C: A double-edged sword in hepatocarcinogenesis. J Cell Physiol 2019; 234:14734-14742. [PMID: 30741410 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.28249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2018] [Revised: 01/17/2019] [Accepted: 01/22/2019] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB), a family of master regulated dimeric transcription factors, signaling transduction pathways are active players in the cell signaling that control vital cellular processes, including cell growth, proliferation, differentiation, apoptosis, morphogenesis, angiogenesis, and immune responses. Nevertheless, aberrant regulation of the NF-κB signaling pathways has been associated with a significant number of human cancers. In fact, NF-κB acts as a double-edged sword in the vital cellular processes and carcinogenesis. This review provides an overview on the modulation of the NF-κB signaling pathways by proteins of hepatitis B and C viruses. One of the major NF-κB events that are modulated by these viruses is the induction of hepatocellular carcinoma. Given the central function of NF-κB in carcinogenesis, it has turned out to be a considerable therapeutic target for cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Somayeh Shokri
- Department of Virology, School of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran.,Department of Virology, School of Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Shahab Mahmoudvand
- Department of Virology, School of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran.,Department of Virology, School of Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Reza Taherkhani
- The Persian Gulf Tropical Medicine Research Center, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Farshadpour
- The Persian Gulf Tropical Medicine Research Center, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr, Iran
| | - Farid Azizi Jalalian
- Department of Virology, School of Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
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21
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Hao X, Gao LY, Zhang N, Chen H, Jiang X, Liu W, Ao L, Cao J, Han F, Liu J. Tac2-N acts as a novel oncogene and promotes tumor metastasis via activation of NF-κB signaling in lung cancer. J Exp Clin Cancer Res 2019; 38:319. [PMID: 31466523 PMCID: PMC6716936 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-019-1316-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2019] [Accepted: 07/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND High rates of recurrence and metastasis are the major cause of the poor outcomes for patients with lung cancer. In previous research, we have demonstrated that Tac2-N promotes tumor growth by suppressing p53 signaling in lung cancer. Beyond that, other biological functions and clinical significance of Tac2-N in lung cancer progression are still unknown. METHODS Tissue microarrays of 272 lung cancer patients were constructed to assess the association of Tac2-N expression and prognosis of lung cancer patients with different clinical stages. The protein expression of Tac2-N in metastatic and non-metastatic specimens were detected by IHC. In vitro migration and invasion and in vivo nude mice metastasis model were used to evaluate the effect of Tac2-N ectopic expression on metastasis capability of lung cancer cells. The downstream signaling pathway of Tac2-N was explored using luciferase reporter assays and WB. RESULTS The expression of Tac2-N was associated with advanced stages, but not with early stages (P = 0.513). Tac2-N expression is sharply overexpressed in metastatic tumors compared with non-metastatic tumors. In vitro and in vivo assays suggested that Tac2-N facilitated migration and invasion of lung cancer cells in vitro and promoted tumor metastasis in vivo. Mechanistically, Tac2-N increased the degradation of IκB by promoting its phosphorylation, and subsequently activated NF-κB activity by facilitating the nuclear translocation of NF-κB and stimulating the transcription of targets, MMP7 and MMP9. Notably, the C2B domain of Tac2-N was crucial for Tac2-N to activate NF-κB signal. Blockage of NF-κB by shRNA or inhibitor attenuates the function of Tac2-N in the promotion of metastasis. CONCLUSIONS Our study provided proof of principle to show that Tac2-N serves as a novel oncogene gene and plays an important role in the progression and metastasis of lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianglin Hao
- Institute of Toxicology, College of Preventive Medicine, Third Military Medical University, 30 Gaotanyan Street, Shapingba District, Chongqing, 400038 People’s Republic of China
| | - Li-yun Gao
- School of Public Health, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, People’s Republic of China
- Cooperative innovation center of molecular diagnosis and medical inspection technology, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ning Zhang
- Institute of Toxicology, College of Preventive Medicine, Third Military Medical University, 30 Gaotanyan Street, Shapingba District, Chongqing, 400038 People’s Republic of China
| | - Hongqiang Chen
- Institute of Toxicology, College of Preventive Medicine, Third Military Medical University, 30 Gaotanyan Street, Shapingba District, Chongqing, 400038 People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiao Jiang
- Institute of Toxicology, College of Preventive Medicine, Third Military Medical University, 30 Gaotanyan Street, Shapingba District, Chongqing, 400038 People’s Republic of China
| | - Wenbin Liu
- Institute of Toxicology, College of Preventive Medicine, Third Military Medical University, 30 Gaotanyan Street, Shapingba District, Chongqing, 400038 People’s Republic of China
| | - Lin Ao
- Institute of Toxicology, College of Preventive Medicine, Third Military Medical University, 30 Gaotanyan Street, Shapingba District, Chongqing, 400038 People’s Republic of China
| | - Jia Cao
- Institute of Toxicology, College of Preventive Medicine, Third Military Medical University, 30 Gaotanyan Street, Shapingba District, Chongqing, 400038 People’s Republic of China
| | - Fei Han
- Institute of Toxicology, College of Preventive Medicine, Third Military Medical University, 30 Gaotanyan Street, Shapingba District, Chongqing, 400038 People’s Republic of China
| | - Jinyi Liu
- Institute of Toxicology, College of Preventive Medicine, Third Military Medical University, 30 Gaotanyan Street, Shapingba District, Chongqing, 400038 People’s Republic of China
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22
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Differential responses of epithelial cells from urinary and biliary tract to eggs of Schistosoma haematobium and S. mansoni. Sci Rep 2019; 9:10731. [PMID: 31341177 PMCID: PMC6656753 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-46917-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2018] [Accepted: 06/28/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic urogenital schistosomiasis can lead to squamous cell carcinoma of the bladder. The International Agency for Research on Cancer classifies the infection with S. haematobium as a group 1 carcinogen, a definitive cause of cancer. By contrast, hepatointestinal schistosomiasis due to the chronic infection with S. mansoni or S. japonicum associated with liver periportal fibrosis, does not apparently lead to malignancy. The effects of culturing human epithelial cells, HCV29, established from normal urothelium, and H69, established from cholangiocytes, in the presence of S. haematobium or S. mansoni eggs were investigated. Cell growth of cells co-cultured with schistosome eggs was monitored in real time, and gene expression analysis of oncogenesis, epithelial to mesenchymal transition and apoptosis pathways was undertaken. Schistosome eggs promoted proliferation of the urothelial cells but inhibited growth of cholangiocytes. In addition, the tumor suppressor P53 pathway was significantly downregulated when exposed to schistosome eggs, and downregulation of estrogen receptor was predicted in urothelial cells exposed only to S. haematobium eggs. Overall, cell proliferative responses were influenced by both the tissue origin of the epithelial cells and the schistosome species.
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23
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Activation of NF-κB in B cell receptor signaling through Bruton's tyrosine kinase-dependent phosphorylation of IκB-α. J Mol Med (Berl) 2019; 97:675-690. [PMID: 30887112 DOI: 10.1007/s00109-019-01777-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2018] [Revised: 02/12/2019] [Accepted: 03/13/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
The antigen-mediated triggering of B cell receptor (BCR) activates the transcription factor NF-κB that regulates the expression of genes involved in B cell differentiation, proliferation, and survival. The tyrosine kinase Btk is essentially required for the activation of NF-κB in BCR signaling through the canonical pathway of IKK-dependent phosphorylation and proteasomal degradation of IκB-α, the main repressor of NF-κB. Here, we provide the evidence of an additional mechanism of NF-κB activation in BCR signaling that is Btk-dependent and IKK-independent. In DeFew B lymphoma cells, the anti-IgM stimulation of BCR activated Btk and NF-κB p50/p65 within 0.5 min in absence of IKK activation and IκB-α degradation. IKK silencing did not affect the rapid activation of NF-κB. Within this short time, Btk associated and phosphorylated IκB-α at Y289 and Y305, and, concomitantly, p65 translocated from cytosol to nucleus. The mutant IκB-α Y289/305A inhibited the NF-κB activation after BCR triggering, suggesting that the phosphorylation of IκB-α at tyrosines 289 and 305 was required for NF-κB activation. In primary chronic lymphocytic leukemia cells, Btk was constitutively active and associated with IκB-α, which correlated with Y305-phosphorylation of IκB-α and increased NF-κB activity compared with healthy B cells. Altogether, these results describe a novel mechanism of NF-κB activation in BCR signaling that could be relevant for Btk-targeted therapy in B-lymphoproliferative disorders. KEY MESSAGES: Anti-IgM stimulation of BCR activates NF-κB p50/p65 within 30 s by a Btk-dependent and IKK-independent mechanism. Btk associates and phosphorylates IκB-α at Y289 and Y305, promoting NF-κB activation. In primary CLLs, the binding of Btk to IκB-α correlates with tyrosine phosphorylation of IκB-α and increased NF-κB activity.
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24
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Mehrian-Shai R, Reichardt JKV, Harris CC, Toren A. The Gut-Brain Axis, Paving the Way to Brain Cancer. Trends Cancer 2019; 5:200-207. [PMID: 30961828 DOI: 10.1016/j.trecan.2019.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2018] [Revised: 02/12/2019] [Accepted: 02/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The gut-brain axis formed by blood and lymphatic vessels paves the way for microbiota to impact the brain. Bacterial populations in the gut are a good candidate for a nongenetic factor contributing substantively to brain tumor development and to the success of therapy. Specifically, suppression of the immune system and induction of inflammation by microbiota sustain proliferative signaling, limit cell death, and induce angiogenesis as well as invasiveness. In addition, altered microbial metabolites and their levels could stimulate cell proliferation. We propose here a novel gear model connecting these complex interdisciplinary fields. Our model may impact mechanistic studies of brain cancer and better treatment outcomes through precision oncology.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Juergen K V Reichardt
- Australian Institute for Tropical Health and Medicine, James Cook University, Cairns, QLD, Australia
| | - Curtis C Harris
- Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Amos Toren
- Pediatric Hemato-Oncology, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan, Israel; Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
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25
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NF-κB Signaling in Targeting Tumor Cells by Oncolytic Viruses-Therapeutic Perspectives. Cancers (Basel) 2018; 10:cancers10110426. [PMID: 30413032 PMCID: PMC6265863 DOI: 10.3390/cancers10110426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2018] [Revised: 11/04/2018] [Accepted: 11/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent years, oncolytic virotherapy became a promising therapeutic approach, leading to the introduction of a novel generation of anticancer drugs. However, despite evoking an antitumor response, introducing an oncolytic virus (OV) to the patient is still inefficient to overcome both tumor protective mechanisms and the limitation of viral replication by the host. In cancer treatment, nuclear factor (NF)-κB has been extensively studied among important therapeutic targets. The pleiotropic nature of NF-κB transcription factor includes its involvement in immunity and tumorigenesis. Therefore, in many types of cancer, aberrant activation of NF-κB can be observed. At the same time, the activity of NF-κB can be modified by OVs, which trigger an immune response and modulate NF-κB signaling. Due to the limitation of a monotherapy exploiting OVs only, the antitumor effect can be enhanced by combining OV with NF-κB-modulating drugs. This review describes the influence of OVs on NF-κB activation in tumor cells showing NF-κB signaling as an important aspect, which should be taken into consideration when targeting tumor cells by OVs.
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26
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Aberrant Activation of NF-κB Signalling in Aggressive Lymphoid Malignancies. Cells 2018; 7:cells7110189. [PMID: 30380749 PMCID: PMC6262606 DOI: 10.3390/cells7110189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2018] [Revised: 10/26/2018] [Accepted: 10/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Lymphoid malignancies frequently harbor genetic mutations leading to aberrant activation of nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) signaling; in normal cells, this pathway has important roles in the control of cell growth, survival, stress responses, and inflammation. Malignancies with mutations in NF-κB pathway components can derive from all cell stages of mature B-cell development; however, aberrant NF-κB activity is particularly prevalent in aggressive subtypes of non-Hodgkin lymphoma and myeloma. NF-κB activation is mediated by two separate pathways, the canonical and alternative pathway, and five downstream transcription factor subunits. Recent findings implicate a predominant role for distinct NF-κB pathways and subunits in certain lymphoma subtypes and myeloma; findings which are complemented by the realization that individual NF-κB subunits can have unique, non-redundant biological roles in the putative tumor precursor cells, including activated B cells, germinal center B cells and plasma cells. The knowledge gained from these studies may be exploited for the development of therapeutic strategies to inhibit aberrant NF-κB activity at the level of the transcription-factor subunits and their target genes, as global inhibition of the pathway is toxic. Here, we provide an overview on the role of aberrant NF-κB activation in aggressive lymphoid malignancies and discuss the potential importance of individual NF-κB subunits in the pathogenesis of tumor subtypes.
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27
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Prescott JA, Cook SJ. Targeting IKKβ in Cancer: Challenges and Opportunities for the Therapeutic Utilisation of IKKβ Inhibitors. Cells 2018; 7:cells7090115. [PMID: 30142927 PMCID: PMC6162708 DOI: 10.3390/cells7090115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2018] [Revised: 08/15/2018] [Accepted: 08/19/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Deregulated NF-κB signalling is implicated in the pathogenesis of numerous human inflammatory disorders and malignancies. Consequently, the NF-κB pathway has attracted attention as an attractive therapeutic target for drug discovery. As the primary, druggable mediator of canonical NF-κB signalling the IKKβ protein kinase has been the historical focus of drug development pipelines. Thousands of compounds with activity against IKKβ have been characterised, with many demonstrating promising efficacy in pre-clinical models of cancer and inflammatory disease. However, severe on-target toxicities and other safety concerns associated with systemic IKKβ inhibition have thus far prevented the clinical approval of any IKKβ inhibitors. This review will discuss the potential reasons for the lack of clinical success of IKKβ inhibitors to date, the challenges associated with their therapeutic use, realistic opportunities for their future utilisation, and the alternative strategies to inhibit NF-κB signalling that may overcome some of the limitations associated with IKKβ inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jack A Prescott
- Signalling Laboratory, The Babraham Institute, Babraham Research Campus, Cambridge CB22 3AT, UK.
| | - Simon J Cook
- Signalling Laboratory, The Babraham Institute, Babraham Research Campus, Cambridge CB22 3AT, UK.
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28
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Göktuna SI, Diamanti MA, Chau TL. IKK
s and tumor cell plasticity. FEBS J 2018; 285:2161-2181. [DOI: 10.1111/febs.14444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2017] [Revised: 02/22/2018] [Accepted: 03/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Serkan I. Göktuna
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics Bilkent University Ankara Turkey
- National Nanotechnology Research Center (UNAM) Bilkent University Ankara Turkey
| | - Michaela A. Diamanti
- Georg‐Speyer‐Haus Institute for Tumor Biology and Experimental Therapy Frankfurt am Main Germany
| | - Tieu Lan Chau
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics Bilkent University Ankara Turkey
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29
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Ježek J, Cooper KF, Strich R. Reactive Oxygen Species and Mitochondrial Dynamics: The Yin and Yang of Mitochondrial Dysfunction and Cancer Progression. Antioxidants (Basel) 2018; 7:E13. [PMID: 29337889 PMCID: PMC5789323 DOI: 10.3390/antiox7010013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 295] [Impact Index Per Article: 49.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2017] [Revised: 01/02/2018] [Accepted: 01/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria are organelles with a highly dynamic ultrastructure maintained by a delicate equilibrium between its fission and fusion rates. Understanding the factors influencing this balance is important as perturbations to mitochondrial dynamics can result in pathological states. As a terminal site of nutrient oxidation for the cell, mitochondrial powerhouses harness energy in the form of ATP in a process driven by the electron transport chain. Contemporaneously, electrons translocated within the electron transport chain undergo spontaneous side reactions with oxygen, giving rise to superoxide and a variety of other downstream reactive oxygen species (ROS). Mitochondrially-derived ROS can mediate redox signaling or, in excess, cause cell injury and even cell death. Recent evidence suggests that mitochondrial ultrastructure is tightly coupled to ROS generation depending on the physiological status of the cell. Yet, the mechanism by which changes in mitochondrial shape modulate mitochondrial function and redox homeostasis is less clear. Aberrant mitochondrial morphology may lead to enhanced ROS formation, which, in turn, may deteriorate mitochondrial health and further exacerbate oxidative stress in a self-perpetuating vicious cycle. Here, we review the latest findings on the intricate relationship between mitochondrial dynamics and ROS production, focusing mainly on its role in malignant disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Ježek
- Department of Molecular Biology, Rowan University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Stratford, NJ 08084, USA.
| | - Katrina F Cooper
- Department of Molecular Biology, Rowan University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Stratford, NJ 08084, USA.
| | - Randy Strich
- Department of Molecular Biology, Rowan University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Stratford, NJ 08084, USA.
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30
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Liu JL, Pan YY, Chen O, Luan Y, Xue X, Zhao JJ, Liu L, Jia HY. Curcumin inhibits MCF-7 cells by modulating the NF-κB signaling pathway. Oncol Lett 2017; 14:5581-5584. [PMID: 29142607 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2017.6860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2016] [Accepted: 06/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study investigated the inhibitory effect of curcumin on human breast cancer MCF-7 cells and investigated the potential underlying molecular mechanisms. MCF-7 cells were cultured with curcumin at different concentrations and time points. The effects of curcumin treatment on breast cancer cell proliferation were studied using a MTT assay. Reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction and western blot analysis were used to assess the mRNA and protein expression levels of B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2) and Bcl-2-associated X (Bax), nuclear factor-κ-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB) and inhibitor of NF-κB-α (IκBα). The proliferation of MCF-7 cells in the group treated with curcumin was markedly decreased compared with the control, with the greatest inhibitory effect at a concentration of 20 µM. The expression of Bax mRNA was increased and Bcl-2 mRNA expression was decreased compared with the control. Additionally, protein expression of NF-κB and IκB was increased. The data indicate that curcumin is able to inhibit breast cancer cell proliferation, possibly by regulating the NF-κB signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun-Li Liu
- Clinical Molecular Biology Laboratory, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250033, P.R. China
| | - Yan-Yan Pan
- Department of Pediatrics, Qilu Children's Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 066600, P.R. China
| | - Ou Chen
- College of Nursing, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250014, P.R. China
| | - Yun Luan
- Central Research Laboratory, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250033, P.R. China
| | - Xia Xue
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250033, P.R. China
| | - Jing-Jie Zhao
- Clinical Molecular Biology Laboratory, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250033, P.R. China
| | - Ling Liu
- Clinical Molecular Biology Laboratory, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250033, P.R. China
| | - Hong-Ying Jia
- Center of Evidence-Based Medicine, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250033, P.R. China
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