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Bunker S, Blebea JS, Pandey J. Educational Case: Compare and contrast osteomalacia and rickets with respect to pathogenesis and clinicopathologic features. Acad Pathol 2024; 11:100144. [PMID: 39301310 PMCID: PMC11408811 DOI: 10.1016/j.acpath.2024.100144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2022] [Revised: 05/19/2024] [Accepted: 07/07/2024] [Indexed: 09/22/2024] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Bunker
- Central Michigan University College of Medicine, Mount Pleasant, MI, USA
| | - Judy S Blebea
- Central Michigan University College of Medicine, Mount Pleasant, MI, USA
| | - Jyotsna Pandey
- Central Michigan University College of Medicine, Mount Pleasant, MI, USA
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Kiafzezi D, Stamati A, Karagiannis T, Goulis DG, Christoforidis A. Burosumab Efficacy and Safety in Patients with X-Linked Hypophosphatemia: Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Real-World Data. Calcif Tissue Int 2024; 115:229-241. [PMID: 39008126 DOI: 10.1007/s00223-024-01250-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2024] [Accepted: 06/18/2024] [Indexed: 07/16/2024]
Abstract
To assess the efficacy and safety of burosumab in children and adults with X-linked hypophosphatemia based on real-world evidence. MEDLINE (via PubMed) and Cochrane Library were searched until 18 October 2023 for single-arm (before-after) studies. Registries including Clinicaltrials.gov, EU Clinical Trials, WHO International Clinical Trials Registry Platform, and conference abstracts. The outcomes were a change in serum phosphorus concentrations and change in RSS, a change in serum ALP, bone-specific ALP, a change in the ratio of Tubular maximum reabsorption of Phosphate to Glomerular Filtrate rate, a change in serum 1,25(OH)2D and 25(OH)2D concentrations, change in height Z-score, McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC) and safety outcomes. An inverse variance random-effects meta-analysis was applied for data synthesis. Fifteen studies (289 participants) were included. Burosumab treatment improved serum phosphate concentrations [mean difference 0.88 mg/dl, 95% confidence interval 0.70 to 1.07, I2 = 92%), Rickets Severity score (mean difference - 1.86, 95% confidence interval - 2.5 to - 1.21, I2 = 71%), serum alkaline phosphate concentrations (mean difference - 1.86, 95% confidence interval - 2.5 to - 1.21, I2 = 71%), serum 1,25(OH)2D concentrations (mean difference 18.91 pg/ml, 95% confidence interval 6.39 to 31.43, I2 = 96%) and renal phosphate reabsorption (mean difference 1.22 mg/dl, 95% confidence interval 0.70 to 1.74, I2 93%). Burosumab treatment improved overall clinical and laboratory findings in patients with X-linked hypophosphatemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Damiani Kiafzezi
- Postgraduate Program "Research Methodology in Medicine and Health Sciences", Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece.
| | - Athina Stamati
- School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Science, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Thomas Karagiannis
- Clinical Research and Evidence-Based Medicine Unit, Second Medical Department, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
- Diabetes Centre, Second Medical Department, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Dimitrios G Goulis
- Unit of Reproductive Endocrinology, 1st Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical School, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 541 24, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Athanasios Christoforidis
- 1st Paediatric Department, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Ippokratio General Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece
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Deepthi B, Krishnasamy S, Krishnamurthy S, Khandelwal P, Sinha A, Hari P, Jaikumar R, Agrawal P, Saha A, Deepthi RV, Agarwal I, Sinha R, Venkatachari M, Shah MA, Bhatt GC, Krishnan B, Vasudevan A, Bagga A, Krishnamurthy S. Clinical characteristics and genetic profile of children with WDR72-associated distal renal tubular acidosis: a nationwide experience. Pediatr Nephrol 2024:10.1007/s00467-024-06478-3. [PMID: 39150521 DOI: 10.1007/s00467-024-06478-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2024] [Revised: 07/22/2024] [Accepted: 07/22/2024] [Indexed: 08/17/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Limited data, primarily from small case series, exist regarding the clinical profile, genetic variants, and outcomes of WDR72-associated distal renal tubular acidosis (WDR72-dRTA). METHODS Our study enrolled children diagnosed with WDR72-dRTA below 18 years of age from 9 Indian centers and analyzed their clinical characteristics, genetic profiles, and outcomes. Potential genotype-phenotype correlations were explored. RESULTS We report 22 patients (59% female) with WDR72-dRTA who were diagnosed at a median age of 5.3 (3, 8) years with polyuria (n = 17; 77.3%), poor growth (16; 72.7%), and rickets (9; 40.9%). Amelogenesis imperfecta was present in 21 (95.5%) cases. At presentation, all patients had normal anion gap metabolic acidosis; hypokalemia and nephrocalcinosis were seen in 17 (77.3%) patients each. Seven (31.8%) patients had concomitant proximal tubular dysfunction. Genetic analysis identified biallelic nonsense variants in 18 (81.8%) patients, including novel variants in 6 cases. A previously reported variant, c.88C > T, and a novel variant, c.655C > T, were the most frequent variants, accounting for 10 (45.5%) cases. Over a median follow-up of 1.3 (1, 8) years, the height velocity improved by 0.74 (0.2, 1.2) standard deviation scores, while 3 children (13.6%) progressed to chronic kidney disease (CKD) stage 2, with eGFR ranging from 67 to 76 mL/min/1.73 m2, respectively, after 11.3-16 years of follow-up. No specific genotype-phenotype correlation could be established. CONCLUSIONS WDR72-dRTA should be considered in children with typical features of amelogenesis imperfecta and dRTA. Biallelic nonsense variants are common in Asians. While most patients respond well to treatment with improved growth and preserved eGFR, on long-term follow-up, a decline in eGFR may occur.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bobbity Deepthi
- Pediatric Nephrology Services, Department of Pediatrics, Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research (JIPMER), Pondicherry, India
| | - Sudarsan Krishnasamy
- Pediatric Nephrology Services, Department of Pediatrics, Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research (JIPMER), Pondicherry, India
| | | | - Priyanka Khandelwal
- Division of Pediatric Nephrology, Department of Pediatrics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), New Delhi, India
| | - Aditi Sinha
- Division of Pediatric Nephrology, Department of Pediatrics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), New Delhi, India
| | - Pankaj Hari
- Division of Pediatric Nephrology, Department of Pediatrics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), New Delhi, India
| | - Rohitha Jaikumar
- Division of Pediatric Nephrology, Department of Pediatrics, Lady Hardinge Medical College, New Delhi, India
| | - Prajal Agrawal
- Division of Pediatric Nephrology, Department of Pediatrics, Lady Hardinge Medical College, New Delhi, India
| | - Abhijeet Saha
- Division of Pediatric Nephrology, Department of Pediatrics, Lady Hardinge Medical College, New Delhi, India
| | - R V Deepthi
- Division of Pediatric Nephrology, Department of Pediatrics, Christian Medical College, Vellore, India
| | - Indira Agarwal
- Division of Pediatric Nephrology, Department of Pediatrics, Christian Medical College, Vellore, India
| | - Rajiv Sinha
- Division of Pediatric Nephrology, Institute of Child Health, Kolkata, India
| | - Mahesh Venkatachari
- Department of Pediatrics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Mangalagiri, India
| | - Mehul A Shah
- Little Star Children's Hospital, Hyderabad, India
| | - Girish Chandra Bhatt
- Division of Pediatric Nephrology, Department of Pediatrics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bhopal, India
| | - Balasubramanian Krishnan
- Department of Dentistry, Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research (JIPMER), Pondicherry, India
| | - Anil Vasudevan
- Division of Molecular Medicine, St. John's Research Institute, Bangalore, India
- Department of Pediatric Nephrology, St. John's Medical College Hospital, Bangalore, India
| | - Arvind Bagga
- Division of Pediatric Nephrology, Department of Pediatrics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), New Delhi, India
| | - Sriram Krishnamurthy
- Pediatric Nephrology Services, Department of Pediatrics, Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research (JIPMER), Pondicherry, India.
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Muhammad AS, Jamil K, Abdul-Rashid AH, Abd-Rasid AF, Aizuddin NA. Surgical outcome of angular deformity correction of lower limbs in rickets: a cross-sectional study. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF ORTHOPAEDIC SURGERY & TRAUMATOLOGY : ORTHOPEDIE TRAUMATOLOGIE 2024; 34:2407-2412. [PMID: 38619601 DOI: 10.1007/s00590-024-03943-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2023] [Accepted: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/16/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE This study aims to compare the functional and radiological outcomes following both guided growth surgery (GGS) and acute corrective osteotomy (ACO) correction of angular deformities in children with rickets. METHODS A total of 8 and 7 children who had gradual GGS and ACO correction, respectively, for angular deformities due to rickets from 2002 to 2022 were recalled for follow-up. Demographic data, types of rickets, data on pharmacological treatment, biochemical parameters, recurrence of angular deformity and postoperative complications were obtained from the medical records. A radiographic evaluation of the leg was performed to determine the tibiofemoral angle. For functional evaluation, the Active Scale for Kids (ASK) and Lower Extremity Functional Scale (LEFS) instruments were used for children below and above 15 years old, respectively. RESULTS In terms of the tibiofemoral angle, the GGS group documented greater angle changes compared to the ACO group, but the difference was not significant. In terms of functional outcomes, the overall score percentage of both groups was comparable with the GGS group showing a trend of higher score percentage compared to the ACO group. The GGS group presented no complication while 2 neurovascular injuries and 1 implant failure were recorded in the ACO group. CONCLUSION Both GGS and ACO procedures resulted in similar radiographic and functional outcomes for the treatment of rickets in children. GGS may be advantageous in terms of reducing complications of surgery. Nevertheless, the choice of surgical intervention should be made based on the patient's circumstances and the surgeon's preference.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmad Syafiq Muhammad
- Department of Orthopaedic and Traumatology, Faculty of Medicine, University Kebangsaan Malaysia, Cheras, Malaysia.
| | - Kamal Jamil
- Department of Orthopaedic and Traumatology, Faculty of Medicine, University Kebangsaan Malaysia, Cheras, Malaysia
| | - Abdul Halim Abdul-Rashid
- Department of Orthopaedic and Traumatology, Faculty of Medicine, University Kebangsaan Malaysia, Cheras, Malaysia
| | - Ahmad Fazly Abd-Rasid
- Department of Orthopaedic and Traumatology, Faculty of Medicine, University Kebangsaan Malaysia, Cheras, Malaysia
| | - Noor Azimatun Aizuddin
- Department of Orthopaedic and Traumatology, Faculty of Medicine, University Kebangsaan Malaysia, Cheras, Malaysia
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Van de Walle L, Vandenplas Y, Toelen J, Raaijmakers A. Vitamin D Status in Belgian Children: A Regional Study. Nutrients 2024; 16:657. [PMID: 38474785 DOI: 10.3390/nu16050657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2024] [Revised: 02/20/2024] [Accepted: 02/23/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Background: Vitamin D deficiency is the most frequent cause of impaired skeletal growth, and can lead to the development of nutritional rickets. The aim of this study was to evaluate the vitamin D status in a large group of children aged 0-18 years. Methods: We collected laboratory data on vitamin D levels from children who underwent blood sampling between 2014 and 2021. Results: We included 14,887 samples. In this group, 17.7% were vitamin D severely deficient (<12 ng/mL), 25.2% were insufficient (12-20 ng/mL), and another large proportion (28.3%) was borderline (20-30 ng/mL). Sufficient levels (>30 ng/mL) were met in 28.8% of children. We observed no association between gender and vitamin D status (p = 0.132). Adolescents aged 13-18 years (n = 3342) had the highest prevalence of severe vitamin D deficiency (24.9%). Vitamin D levels were higher in summer/autumn compared to winter/spring. Conclusions: Vitamin D deficiency/insufficiency has a high prevalence in children, mostly in children above 7 years of age. Many of these children (over 80%) do not meet the 30 ng/mL sufficiency threshold. It is essential that Belgian Health Authorities are aware of this high prevalence, as the current Belgian recommendation suggests ceasing vitamin D supplementation at the age of six. Additional research is required to investigate the consequences of our findings, and what specific approach is needed to achieve normal vitamin D levels in children aged 0 to 18 years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louise Van de Walle
- Department of Development and Regeneration, University of Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Yvan Vandenplas
- KidZ Health Castle, UZ Brussel, Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), 1090 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Jaan Toelen
- Department of Development and Regeneration, University of Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
- Department of General Pediatrics, University Hospitals Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Anke Raaijmakers
- Department of Paediatric Nephrology, Sydney Children's Hospital Randwick, Sydney Children's Hospital Network, Randwick, NSW 2031, Australia
- Randwick Clinical Campus, School of Women's and Children's Health, University of New South Wales, Randwick, NSW 2031, Australia
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Biasucci G, Donini V, Cannalire G. Rickets Types and Treatment with Vitamin D and Analogues. Nutrients 2024; 16:416. [PMID: 38337700 PMCID: PMC10857029 DOI: 10.3390/nu16030416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Revised: 01/15/2024] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
The definition of "Vitamin D" encompasses a group of fat-soluble steroid compounds of different origins with similar chemical structures and the same biological effects. Vitamin D deficiency and/or a defect in the process of its synthesis or transport predispose individuals to several types of rickets. In addition to cholecalciferol, ergocalciferol, and vitamins D3 and D2, there are also active metabolites for the treatment of this condition which are commercially available. Calcitriol and aphacalcidiol are active metabolites that do not require the renal activation step, which is required with calcifediol, or hepatic activation. The purpose of this review is to summarize current approaches to the treatment of rickets for generalist physicians, focusing on the best vitamin D form to be used in each type, or, in the case of X-linked hypophosphatemic rickets (XLH), on both conventional and innovative monoclonal antibody treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giacomo Biasucci
- Pediatrics and Neonatology Unit, University of Parma, Gugliemo da Saliceto Hospital, 29121 Piacenza, Italy;
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, 43121 Parma, Italy
| | - Valentina Donini
- Unit of Pediatrics, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, 43121 Parma, Italy;
| | - Giuseppe Cannalire
- Pediatrics and Neonatology Unit, University of Parma, Gugliemo da Saliceto Hospital, 29121 Piacenza, Italy;
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Huang YY, Lee WC, Chang CH, Yang WE, Kao HK. Environmental factors associated with incidence of developmental dysplasia of the hip: a systematic review and meta-analysis. BMC Musculoskelet Disord 2023; 24:942. [PMID: 38053132 DOI: 10.1186/s12891-023-07073-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Established associated factors for DDH include female sex, breech presentation, family history, congenital malformations, oligohydramnios, and maternal hyperthyroidism. However, evidence for environmental factors that may contribute to DDH is limited and inconsistent. METHODS A systematic review of medical literature was conducted to collect data on environmental factors, including latitude, longitude, average yearly precipitation, average yearly temperature, minimum monthly temperature, and maximum monthly temperature, from all institutions that published articles on DDH. Univariate linear regression analysis was used to examine the correlation between environmental factors and DDH incidence, while multiple regression analysis was conducted to identify significant associated factors for DDH incidence. RESULTS Data from a total of 93 unique manuscripts were analyzed, revealing a significant negative correlation between DDH incidence and temperature, including average yearly temperature (r = -0.27, p = 0.008), minimum monthly temperature (r = -0.28, p = 0.006), and maximum monthly temperature (r = -0.23, p = 0.029). Additionally, there was a significant positive correlation between DDH incidence and latitude (r = 0.27, p = 0.009), and a significant negative correlation between DDH incidence and average yearly precipitation (r = -0.29, p = 0.004). In the final multiple regression analysis, temperature, including average yearly temperature, minimum monthly temperature, and maximum monthly temperature, were identified as significant associated factors for DDH incidence. CONCLUSION The findings of this study suggest an association between cold weather and DDH incidence. Further research should explore the link between cold weather and DDH incidence, offering insights into potential interventions for cold climates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Yi Huang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Keelung, Taiwan
- College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Chun Lee
- Department of Pediatric Orthopaedics, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Hsieh Chang
- Department of Pediatric Orthopaedics, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Wen-E Yang
- Department of Pediatric Orthopaedics, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Hsuan-Kai Kao
- Department of Pediatric Orthopaedics, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan.
- College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan.
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Singhania P, Dhar A, Deshpande A, Das D, Agrawal N, Chakraborty PP, Bhattacharjee R, Roy A. Rickets in proximal renal tubular acidosis: a case series of six distinct etiologies. J Pediatr Endocrinol Metab 2023; 36:879-885. [PMID: 37434360 DOI: 10.1515/jpem-2023-0155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2023] [Accepted: 06/23/2023] [Indexed: 07/13/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Proximal renal tubular acidosis (pRTA) is characterized by a defect in the ability of the proximal convoluted tubule to reabsorb bicarbonate. The biochemical hallmark of pRTA is hyperchloremic metabolic acidosis with a normal anion gap, accompanied by appropriate acidification of the urine (simultaneous urine pH <5.3). Isolated defects in bicarbonate transport are rare, and pRTA is more often associated with Fanconi syndrome (FS), which is characterized by urinary loss of phosphate, uric acid, glucose, amino acids, low-molecular-weight proteins, and bicarbonate. Children with pRTA may present with rickets, but pRTA is often overlooked as an underlying cause of this condition. CASE PRESENTATION We report six children with rickets and short stature due to pRTA. One case was idiopathic, while the remaining five had a specific underlying condition: Fanconi-Bickel syndrome, Dent's disease, nephropathic cystinosis, type 1 tyrosinemia, and sodium-bicarbonate cotransporter 1-A (NBC1-A) defect. CONCLUSIONS Five of these six children had features of FS, while the one with NBC1-A defect had isolated pRTA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pankaj Singhania
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - Abhranil Dhar
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - Aditya Deshpande
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - Debaditya Das
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - Neeti Agrawal
- Department of Endocrinology, Medical College Kolkata, Kolkata, India
| | | | | | - Ajitesh Roy
- Department of Endocrinology, Vivekananda Institute of Medical Sciences, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
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Tedjosasongko U, Nelwan SC, Wahluyo S, Puteri MM, Dewi AM, Rahayu RP, Ardiwirastuti I, Ayuningtyas P, Pramudita RA, Marwah A. Analysis of Saliva Composition: Parathyroid Hormone-Related Protein, Total Protein, and Secretory Immunoglobulin A (sIgA) in Rattus norvegicus with Stunted Growth. Eur J Dent 2023; 17:765-770. [PMID: 36220123 PMCID: PMC10569847 DOI: 10.1055/s-0042-1755558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aimed to determine total protein, secretory immunoglobulin A (sIgA) and parathyroid hormone-related protein (PTHrP) levels in the saliva of rats with stunted growth. MATERIALS AND METHODS Experimental laboratory research with a pre-and posttest control group design was conducted. Seventeen albino rats (Rattus norvegicus) were divided into the control group (eight rats) and the treatment group (nine rats). Rats in the treatment group were exposed to aflatoxin B1 5µg/kg orally for 5 weeks. Anthropometry data (body length, body weight) and saliva of R. norvegicus were collected. The levels of PTHrP and sIgA in the saliva were measured using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kit for rats and the Bradford test for total protein and analyzed using SPSS 25.0. RESULTS Aflatoxin caused stunted growth in rats in the treatment group. There was a significant difference in body length, salivary flow, PTHrP, sIgA, and total protein in the treatment group compared with the control group. The average rat's body length change in the control group was 6.4 ± 1.1mm/5 weeks, while in the treatment group, the change was 3.7 ± 0.9 mm /5 weeks. There was no significant weight gain in the treatment group compared with the normal group. The average values of PTHrP, sIgA, and total protein in the control group were x̄0.9, x̄18, and x̄0.7 m./L, respectively, while in the treatment group, they measured x̄0.4, x̄10.7, and x̄0.5 mg/L, respectively. CONCLUSION This study showed that salivary flow, PTHrP, sIgA, and total protein levels in the saliva were significantly lower in stunted rats compared with normal rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Udijanto Tedjosasongko
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia
| | - Sindy Cornelia Nelwan
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia
| | - Soegeng Wahluyo
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia
| | - Mega Moeharyono Puteri
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia
| | - Ardianti Maartrina Dewi
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia
| | - Retno Pudji Rahayu
- Department of Oral Pathology, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia
| | - Ilvana Ardiwirastuti
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia
| | - Puspita Ayuningtyas
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia
| | - Regina Ayu Pramudita
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia
| | - Aisyah Marwah
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia
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Jazbinšek S, Koce M, Kotnik P. Novel Treatment Options in Childhood Bone Diseases. Horm Res Paediatr 2022; 96:590-598. [PMID: 35235937 DOI: 10.1159/000523868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2021] [Accepted: 02/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Several novel treatment options have recently become available in childhood bone diseases. The purpose of this article is to provide an update on some of the therapeutic agents used in the treatment of pediatric osteoporosis, X-linked hypophosphatemic rickets, and achondroplasia (ACH). SUMMARY Vitamin D3 and Ca supplementation remains the basis of childhood osteoporosis treatment. Bisphosphonate (BP) therapy is the main antiresorptive therapeutic option, while denosumab, a human monoclonal IgG2 antibody with high affinity and specificity for a primary regulator of bone resorption - RANKL, represents a possible alternative. Its potent inhibition of bone resorption and turnover process leads to continuous increase of bone mineral density throughout the treatment also in the pediatric population. With a half-life much shorter than BPs, its effects are rapidly reversible upon discontinuation. Safety and dosing concerns in children remain. Novel treatment options have recently become available in two rare bone diseases. Burosumab, a monoclonal antibody against FGF-23, has been approved for the treatment of children with X-linked hypophosphatemic rickets older than 1 year. It presents an effective, more etiology-based treatment for rickets compared to conventional therapy, without the need for multiple daily oral phosphate supplementation. Its long-term efficacy and safety are currently being investigated. After years of anticipation, a novel treatment option for ACH has become available. C-type natriuretic peptide analog vosoritide effectively increases proportional growth and has a reasonable safety profile in children >2 years. Its effect on other features of the disease and the final height is yet to be determined. Several other treatment options for ACH exploring different therapeutic approaches are currently being investigated. KEY MESSAGES Denosumab is effective in the treatment of childhood-onset osteoporosis; however, further studies are necessary to determine the optimal treatment protocol. Burosumab is more etiology-based and convenient in comparison to conventional treatment of X-linked hypophospha--temic rickets in children and adults. Vosoritide importantly changes the natural course of achondroplasia, at least in the short term.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sončka Jazbinšek
- Division of Pediatrics, Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Maša Koce
- Division of Pediatrics, Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Primož Kotnik
- Division of Pediatrics, Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Division of Pediatrics, Medical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
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