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Molins B, Rodríguez A, Llorenç V, Adán A. Biomaterial engineering strategies for modeling the Bruch's membrane in age-related macular degeneration. Neural Regen Res 2024; 19:2626-2636. [PMID: 38595281 PMCID: PMC11168499 DOI: 10.4103/nrr.nrr-d-23-01789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Revised: 01/03/2024] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Age-related macular degeneration, a multifactorial inflammatory degenerative retinal disease, ranks as the leading cause of blindness in the elderly. Strikingly, there is a scarcity of curative therapies, especially for the atrophic advanced form of age-related macular degeneration, likely due to the lack of models able to fully recapitulate the native structure of the outer blood retinal barrier, the prime target tissue of age-related macular degeneration. Standard in vitro systems rely on 2D monocultures unable to adequately reproduce the structure and function of the outer blood retinal barrier, integrated by the dynamic interaction of the retinal pigment epithelium, the Bruch's membrane, and the underlying choriocapillaris. The Bruch's membrane provides structural and mechanical support and regulates the molecular trafficking in the outer blood retinal barrier, and therefore adequate Bruch's membrane-mimics are key for the development of physiologically relevant models of the outer blood retinal barrier. In the last years, advances in the field of biomaterial engineering have provided novel approaches to mimic the Bruch's membrane from a variety of materials. This review provides a discussion of the integrated properties and function of outer blood retinal barrier components in healthy and age-related macular degeneration status to understand the requirements to adequately fabricate Bruch's membrane biomimetic systems. Then, we discuss novel materials and techniques to fabricate Bruch's membrane-like scaffolds for age-related macular degeneration in vitro modeling, discussing their advantages and challenges with a special focus on the potential of Bruch's membrane-like mimics based on decellularized tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Blanca Molins
- Group of Ocular Inflammation: Clinical and Experimental Studies, Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques Agustí Pi I Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Andrea Rodríguez
- Group of Ocular Inflammation: Clinical and Experimental Studies, Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques Agustí Pi I Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Víctor Llorenç
- Group of Ocular Inflammation: Clinical and Experimental Studies, Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques Agustí Pi I Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
- Institut Clínic d’Oftalmologia (ICOF), Hospital Clínic Barcelona, Spain
| | - Alfredo Adán
- Group of Ocular Inflammation: Clinical and Experimental Studies, Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques Agustí Pi I Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
- Institut Clínic d’Oftalmologia (ICOF), Hospital Clínic Barcelona, Spain
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Brito M, Sorbier C, Mignet N, Boudy V, Borchard G, Vacher G. Understanding the Impact of Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids on Age-Related Macular Degeneration: A Review. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:4099. [PMID: 38612907 PMCID: PMC11012607 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25074099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2024] [Revised: 04/01/2024] [Accepted: 04/03/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Age-related Macular Degeneration (AMD) is a multifactorial ocular pathology that destroys the photoreceptors of the macula. Two forms are distinguished, dry and wet AMD, with different pathophysiological mechanisms. Although treatments were shown to be effective in wet AMD, they remain a heavy burden for patients and caregivers, resulting in a lack of patient compliance. For dry AMD, no real effective treatment is available in Europe. It is, therefore, essential to look for new approaches. Recently, the use of long-chain and very long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids was identified as an interesting new therapeutic alternative. Indeed, the levels of these fatty acids, core components of photoreceptors, are significantly decreased in AMD patients. To better understand this pathology and to evaluate the efficacy of various molecules, in vitro and in vivo models reproducing the mechanisms of both types of AMD were developed. This article reviews the anatomy and the physiological aging of the retina and summarizes the clinical aspects, pathophysiological mechanisms of AMD and potential treatment strategies. In vitro and in vivo models of AMD are also presented. Finally, this manuscript focuses on the application of omega-3 fatty acids for the prevention and treatment of both types of AMD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maëlis Brito
- Unither Développement Bordeaux, Avenue Toussaint Catros, 33185 Le Haillan, France
- Université Paris Cité, CNRS, INSERM, UTCBS, Unité de Technologies Chimiques et Biologiques pour la Santé, F-75006 Paris, France
- Département de Recherche et Développement (DRDP), Agence Générale des Equipements et Produits de Santé (AGEPS), Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), 7 Rue du Fer-à-Moulin, 75005 Paris, France
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Western Switzerland (ISPSO), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Geneva, Rue Michel-Servet 1, 1206 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Capucine Sorbier
- Unither Développement Bordeaux, Avenue Toussaint Catros, 33185 Le Haillan, France
| | - Nathalie Mignet
- Université Paris Cité, CNRS, INSERM, UTCBS, Unité de Technologies Chimiques et Biologiques pour la Santé, F-75006 Paris, France
| | - Vincent Boudy
- Université Paris Cité, CNRS, INSERM, UTCBS, Unité de Technologies Chimiques et Biologiques pour la Santé, F-75006 Paris, France
- Département de Recherche et Développement (DRDP), Agence Générale des Equipements et Produits de Santé (AGEPS), Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), 7 Rue du Fer-à-Moulin, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Gerrit Borchard
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Western Switzerland (ISPSO), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Geneva, Rue Michel-Servet 1, 1206 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Gaëlle Vacher
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Western Switzerland (ISPSO), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Geneva, Rue Michel-Servet 1, 1206 Geneva, Switzerland
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Giralt L, Figueras-Roca M, Eguileor BDL, Romero B, Zarranz-Ventura J, Alforja S, Santiago F, Bolaños J, Lozano F, Dotti-Boada M, Sala-Puigdollers A, Dura P, Izquierdo-Serra J, Valero O, Adan A, Fonollosa A, Molins B. C-reactive protein-complement factor H axis as a biomarker of activity in early and intermediate age-related macular degeneration. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1330913. [PMID: 38633250 PMCID: PMC11021604 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1330913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Purpose To determine and compare the serum levels of complement Factor H (FH), monomeric C-Reactive Protein (mCRP) and pentameric C-Reactive protein (pCRP) in patients with age-related macular degeneration (AMD) and to correlate them with clinical, structural and functional parameters. Methods Cross-sectional observational study. One hundred thirty-nine individuals (88 patients and 51 healthy controls) from two referral centers were included and classified into three groups: early or intermediate AMD (n=33), advanced AMD (n=55), and age and sex matched healthy controls (n=51). Serum levels of FH, mCRP, and pCRP were determined and correlated with clinical and imaging parameters. Results Patients with intermediate AMD presented FH levels significantly lower than controls [186.5 (72.1-931.8) µg/mL vs 415.2 (106.1-1962.2) µg/mL; p=0.039] and FH levels <200 µg/mL were associated with the presence of drusen and pigmentary changes in the fundoscopy (p=0.002). While no differences were observed in pCRP and mCRP levels, and mCRP was only detected in less than 15% of the included participants, women had a significantly higher detection rate of mCRP than men (21.0% vs. 3.8%, p=0.045). In addition, the ratio mCRP/FH (log) was significantly lower in the control group compared to intermediate AMD (p=0.031). Visual acuity (p<0.001), macular volume (p<0.001), and foveal thickness (p=0.034) were significantly lower in the advanced AMD group, and choroidal thickness was significantly lower in advanced AMD compared to early/intermediate AMD (p=0.023). Conclusion Intermediate AMD was associated in our cohort with decreased serum FH levels together with increased serum mCRP/FH ratio. All these objective serum biomarkers may suggest an underlying systemic inflammatory process in early/intermediate AMD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lena Giralt
- Institut Clínic d’Oftalmologia (ICOF), Hospital Clínic, Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Ophthalmology, Biocruces Bizkaia Health Research Institute, Cruces University Hospital, University of the Basque Country, Barakaldo, Spain
| | - Marc Figueras-Roca
- Institut Clínic d’Oftalmologia (ICOF), Hospital Clínic, Barcelona, Spain
- Group of Ocular Inflammation: Clinical and Experimental Studies, Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques Agustí Pi I Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Beatriz De Luis Eguileor
- Department of Ophthalmology, Biocruces Bizkaia Health Research Institute, Cruces University Hospital, University of the Basque Country, Barakaldo, Spain
| | - Barbara Romero
- Institut Clínic d’Oftalmologia (ICOF), Hospital Clínic, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Javier Zarranz-Ventura
- Institut Clínic d’Oftalmologia (ICOF), Hospital Clínic, Barcelona, Spain
- Group of Ocular Inflammation: Clinical and Experimental Studies, Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques Agustí Pi I Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Socorro Alforja
- Institut Clínic d’Oftalmologia (ICOF), Hospital Clínic, Barcelona, Spain
- Group of Ocular Inflammation: Clinical and Experimental Studies, Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques Agustí Pi I Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Francisca Santiago
- Servei d’Immunologia, Centre de Diagnostic Biomèdic, Hospital Clínic Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jennifer Bolaños
- Servei d’Immunologia, Centre de Diagnostic Biomèdic, Hospital Clínic Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Francisco Lozano
- Servei d’Immunologia, Centre de Diagnostic Biomèdic, Hospital Clínic Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Group of Immunoreceptors of the Innate and Adaptive Systems, Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques Agustí Pi I Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
- Departament de Biomedicina, Facultat de Medicina, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marina Dotti-Boada
- Institut Clínic d’Oftalmologia (ICOF), Hospital Clínic, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Anna Sala-Puigdollers
- Institut Clínic d’Oftalmologia (ICOF), Hospital Clínic, Barcelona, Spain
- Group of Ocular Inflammation: Clinical and Experimental Studies, Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques Agustí Pi I Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Paula Dura
- Department of Ophthalmology, Biocruces Bizkaia Health Research Institute, Cruces University Hospital, University of the Basque Country, Barakaldo, Spain
| | | | - Oliver Valero
- Servei d’Estadística, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Alfredo Adan
- Institut Clínic d’Oftalmologia (ICOF), Hospital Clínic, Barcelona, Spain
- Group of Ocular Inflammation: Clinical and Experimental Studies, Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques Agustí Pi I Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Alex Fonollosa
- Department of Ophthalmology, Biocruces Bizkaia Health Research Institute, Cruces University Hospital, University of the Basque Country, Barakaldo, Spain
- Department of Retina, Instituto Oftalmológico Bilbao, Bilbao, Spain
| | - Blanca Molins
- Group of Ocular Inflammation: Clinical and Experimental Studies, Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques Agustí Pi I Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
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Sharma R. Exploring the emerging bidirectional association between inflamm-aging and cellular senescence in organismal aging and disease. Cell Biochem Funct 2024; 42:e3970. [PMID: 38456500 DOI: 10.1002/cbf.3970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2024] [Revised: 02/15/2024] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 03/09/2024]
Abstract
There is strong evidence that most individuals in the elderly population are characterized by inflamm-aging which refers to a subtle increase in the systemic pro-inflammatory environment and impaired innate immune activation. Although a variety of distinct factors are associated with the progression of inflamm-aging, emerging research is demonstrating a dynamic relationship between the processes of cellular senescence and inflamm-aging. Cellular senescence is a recognized factor governing organismal aging, and through a characteristic secretome, accumulating senescent cells can induce and augment a pro-inflammatory tissue environment that provides a rationale for immune system-independent activation of inflamm-aging and associated diseases. There is also accumulating evidence that inflamm-aging or its components can directly accelerate the development of senescent cells and ultimately senescent cell burden in tissues in a likely vicious inflammatory loop. The present review is intended to describe the emerging senescence-based molecular etiology of inflamm-aging as well as the dynamic reciprocal interactions between inflamm-aging and cellular senescence. Therapeutic interventions concurrently targeting cellular senescence and inflamm-aging are discussed and limitations as well as research opportunities have been deliberated. An effort has been made to provide a rationale for integrating inflamm-aging with cellular senescence both as an underlying cause and therapeutic target for further studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rohit Sharma
- Nutrigerontology Laboratory, Faculty of Applied Sciences and Biotechnology, Shoolini University, Solan, India
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Cheong KX, Li H, Tham YC, Teo KYC, Tan ACS, Schmetterer L, Wong TY, Cheung CMG, Cheng CY, Fan Q. Relationship Between Retinal Layer Thickness and Genetic Susceptibility to Age-Related Macular Degeneration in Asian Populations. OPHTHALMOLOGY SCIENCE 2023; 3:100396. [PMID: 38025159 PMCID: PMC10630670 DOI: 10.1016/j.xops.2023.100396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2023] [Revised: 07/12/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023]
Abstract
Purpose For OCT retinal thickness measurements to be used as a prodromal age-related macular degeneration (AMD) risk marker, the 3-dimensional (3D) topographic variation of the relationship between genetic susceptibility to AMD and retinal thickness needs to be assessed. We aimed to evaluate individual retinal layer thickness changes and topography at the macula that are associated with AMD genetic susceptibility. Design Genetic association study. Participants A total of 1579 healthy participants (782 Chinese, 353 Malays, and 444 Indians) from the multiethnic Singapore Epidemiology of Eye Diseases study were included. Methods Spectral-domain OCT and automatic segmentation of individual retinal layers were performed to produce 10 retinal layer thickness measurements at each ETDRS subfield, producing 3D topographic information. Age-related macular degeneration genetic susceptibility was represented via single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and aggregated via whole genome (overall) and pathway-specific age-related macular degeneration polygenic risk score (PRSAMD). Main Outcome Measures Associations of individual SNPs, overall PRSAMD, and pathway-specific PRSAMD with retinal thickness were analyzed by individual retinal layer and ETDRS subfield. Results CFH rs10922109, ARMS2-HTRA1 rs3750846, and LIPC rs2043085 were the top AMD susceptibility SNPs associated with retinal thickness of individual layers (P < 1.67 × 10-3), all at the central subfield. The overall PRSAMD was most associated with thinner L9 (outer segment photoreceptor/retinal pigment epithelium complex) thickness at the central subfield (β = -0.63 μm; P = 5.45 × 10-9). Pathway-specific PRSAMD for the complement cascade (β = -0.53 μm; P = 9.42 × 10-7) and lipoprotein metabolism (β = -0.05 μm; P = 0.0061) were associated with thinner photoreceptor layers (L9 and L7 [photoreceptor inner/outer segments], respectively) at the central subfield. The mean PRSAMD score was larger among Indians compared with that of the Chinese and had the thinnest thickness at the L9 central subfield (β = -1.00 μm; P = 2.91 × 10-7; R2 = 5.5%). Associations at other retinal layers and ETDRS regions were more heterogeneous. Conclusions Overall genetic susceptibility to AMD and the aggregate effects of the complement cascade and lipoprotein metabolism pathway are associated most significantly with L7 and L9 photoreceptor thinning at the central macula in healthy individuals. Photoreceptor thinning has potential to be a prodromal AMD risk marker, and topographic variation should be considered. Financial Disclosures Proprietary or commercial disclosure may be found in the Footnotes and Disclosures at the end of this article.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Xiong Cheong
- Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Hengtong Li
- Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Yih Chung Tham
- Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore, Singapore
- Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences Academic Clinical Program (Eye ACP), Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Ophthalmology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Kelvin Yi Chong Teo
- Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore, Singapore
- Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences Academic Clinical Program (Eye ACP), Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Anna Cheng Sim Tan
- Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore, Singapore
- Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences Academic Clinical Program (Eye ACP), Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Leopold Schmetterer
- Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore, Singapore
- Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences Academic Clinical Program (Eye ACP), Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Tien Yin Wong
- Tsinghua Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Chui Ming Gemmy Cheung
- Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore, Singapore
- Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences Academic Clinical Program (Eye ACP), Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Ching-Yu Cheng
- Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore, Singapore
- Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences Academic Clinical Program (Eye ACP), Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Ophthalmology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Qiao Fan
- Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences Academic Clinical Program (Eye ACP), Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
- Centre for Quantitative Medicine, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
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Liu J, Copland DA, Clare AJ, Gorski M, Richards BT, Scott L, Theodoropoulou S, Greferath U, Cox K, Bell OH, Ou K, Powell JLB, Wu J, Robles LM, Li Y, Nicholson LB, Coffey PJ, Fletcher EL, Guymer R, Radeke MJ, Heid IM, Hageman GS, Chan YK, Dick AD. Replenishing Age-Related Decline of IRAK-M Expression in Retinal Pigment Epithelium Attenuates Outer Retinal Degeneration. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.09.27.559733. [PMID: 37808640 PMCID: PMC10557650 DOI: 10.1101/2023.09.27.559733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/10/2023]
Abstract
Unchecked, chronic inflammation is a constitutive component of age-related diseases, including age-related macular degeneration (AMD). Here we identified interleukin-1 receptor-associated kinase (IRAK)-M as a key immunoregulator in retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) that declines with age. Rare genetic variants of IRAK-M increased the likelihood of AMD. IRAK-M expression in RPE declined with age or oxidative stress and was further reduced in AMD. IRAK-M-deficient mice exhibited increased incidence of outer retinal degeneration at earlier ages, which was further exacerbated by oxidative stressors. The absence of IRAK-M disrupted RPE cell homeostasis, including compromised mitochondrial function, cellular senescence, and aberrant cytokine production. IRAK-M overexpression protected RPE cells against oxidative or immune stressors. Subretinal delivery of AAV-expressing IRAK-M rescued light-induced outer retinal degeneration in wild-type mice and attenuated age-related spontaneous retinal degeneration in IRAK-M-deficient mice. Our data support that replenishment of IRAK-M expression may redress dysregulated pro-inflammatory processes in AMD, thereby treating degeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Liu
- Academic Unit of Ophthalmology, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - David A. Copland
- Academic Unit of Ophthalmology, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Alison J. Clare
- Academic Unit of Ophthalmology, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Mathias Gorski
- Department of Genetic Epidemiology, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Burt T. Richards
- Sharon Eccles Steele Center for Translational Medicine, John A. Moran Eye Center, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah, United States
| | - Louis Scott
- Academic Unit of Ophthalmology, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Sofia Theodoropoulou
- Academic Unit of Ophthalmology, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Ursula Greferath
- Department of Anatomy and Physiology, University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Katherine Cox
- Academic Unit of Ophthalmology, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Oliver H. Bell
- Academic Unit of Ophthalmology, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Kepeng Ou
- Academic Unit of Ophthalmology, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Jenna Le Brun Powell
- Translational Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Jiahui Wu
- Academic Unit of Ophthalmology, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Luis Martinez Robles
- School of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Yingxin Li
- Translational Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Lindsay B. Nicholson
- Academic Unit of Ophthalmology, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
- School of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Peter J. Coffey
- Institute of Ophthalmology, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Erica L. Fletcher
- Department of Anatomy and Physiology, University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Robyn Guymer
- Centre for Eye Research Australia, Royal Victorian Eye and Ear Hospital, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Monte J. Radeke
- Neuroscience Research Institute, University of California, Santa Barbara, California, United States
| | - Iris M. Heid
- Department of Genetic Epidemiology, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Gregory S. Hageman
- Sharon Eccles Steele Center for Translational Medicine, John A. Moran Eye Center, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah, United States
| | - Ying Kai Chan
- Academic Unit of Ophthalmology, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
| | - Andrew D. Dick
- Academic Unit of Ophthalmology, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
- School of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
- Institute of Ophthalmology, University College London, London, United Kingdom
- National Institute for Health Research Biomedical Research Centre, Moorfields Eye Hospital, London, United Kingdom
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7
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Sasseville S, Karami S, Tchatchouang A, Charpentier P, Anney P, Gobert D, Proulx S. Biomaterials used for tissue engineering of barrier-forming cell monolayers in the eye. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2023; 11:1269385. [PMID: 37840667 PMCID: PMC10569698 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2023.1269385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2023] [Accepted: 09/15/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Cell monolayers that form a barrier between two structures play an important role for the maintenance of tissue functionality. In the anterior portion of the eye, the corneal endothelium forms a barrier that controls fluid exchange between the aqueous humor of the anterior chamber and the corneal stroma. This monolayer is central in the pathogenesis of Fuchs endothelial corneal dystrophy (FECD). FECD is a common corneal disease, in which corneal endothelial cells deposit extracellular matrix that increases the thickness of its basal membrane (Descemet's membrane), and forms excrescences (guttae). With time, there is a decrease in endothelial cell density that generates vision loss. Transplantation of a monolayer of healthy corneal endothelial cells on a Descemet membrane substitute could become an interesting alternative for the treatment of this pathology. In the back of the eye, the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) forms the blood-retinal barrier, controlling fluid exchange between the choriocapillaris and the photoreceptors of the outer retina. In the retinal disease dry age-related macular degeneration (dry AMD), deposits (drusen) form between the RPE and its basal membrane (Bruch's membrane). These deposits hinder fluid exchange, resulting in progressive RPE cell death, which in turn generates photoreceptor cell death, and vision loss. Transplantation of a RPE monolayer on a Bruch's membrane/choroidal stromal substitute to replace the RPE before photoreceptor cell death could become a treatment alternative for this eye disease. This review will present the different biomaterials that are proposed for the engineering of a monolayer of corneal endothelium for the treatment of FECD, and a RPE monolayer for the treatment of dry AMD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha Sasseville
- Axe Médecine Régénératrice, Hôpital du Saint-Sacrement, Centre de Recherche en Organogénèse Expérimentale de l’Université Laval/LOEX; Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) de Québec-Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
- Département d’ophtalmologie et d’oto-rhino-laryngologie-chirurgie cervico-faciale, Faculté de Médecine, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Samira Karami
- Axe Médecine Régénératrice, Hôpital du Saint-Sacrement, Centre de Recherche en Organogénèse Expérimentale de l’Université Laval/LOEX; Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) de Québec-Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
- Département d’ophtalmologie et d’oto-rhino-laryngologie-chirurgie cervico-faciale, Faculté de Médecine, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Ange Tchatchouang
- Axe Médecine Régénératrice, Hôpital du Saint-Sacrement, Centre de Recherche en Organogénèse Expérimentale de l’Université Laval/LOEX; Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) de Québec-Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
- Département d’ophtalmologie et d’oto-rhino-laryngologie-chirurgie cervico-faciale, Faculté de Médecine, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Pascale Charpentier
- Axe Médecine Régénératrice, Hôpital du Saint-Sacrement, Centre de Recherche en Organogénèse Expérimentale de l’Université Laval/LOEX; Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) de Québec-Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
- Département d’ophtalmologie et d’oto-rhino-laryngologie-chirurgie cervico-faciale, Faculté de Médecine, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Princia Anney
- Axe Médecine Régénératrice, Hôpital du Saint-Sacrement, Centre de Recherche en Organogénèse Expérimentale de l’Université Laval/LOEX; Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) de Québec-Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
- Département d’ophtalmologie et d’oto-rhino-laryngologie-chirurgie cervico-faciale, Faculté de Médecine, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Delphine Gobert
- Département d’ophtalmologie et d’oto-rhino-laryngologie-chirurgie cervico-faciale, Faculté de Médecine, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
- Centre universitaire d’ophtalmologie (CUO), Hôpital du Saint-Sacrement, CHU de Québec-Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Stéphanie Proulx
- Axe Médecine Régénératrice, Hôpital du Saint-Sacrement, Centre de Recherche en Organogénèse Expérimentale de l’Université Laval/LOEX; Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) de Québec-Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
- Département d’ophtalmologie et d’oto-rhino-laryngologie-chirurgie cervico-faciale, Faculté de Médecine, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
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8
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Borchert GA, Shamsnajafabadi H, Hu ML, De Silva SR, Downes SM, MacLaren RE, Xue K, Cehajic-Kapetanovic J. The Role of Inflammation in Age-Related Macular Degeneration-Therapeutic Landscapes in Geographic Atrophy. Cells 2023; 12:2092. [PMID: 37626902 PMCID: PMC10453093 DOI: 10.3390/cells12162092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2023] [Revised: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 08/11/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is the leading cause of vision loss and visual impairment in people over 50 years of age. In the current therapeutic landscape, intravitreal anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (anti-VEGF) therapies have been central to the management of neovascular AMD (also known as wet AMD), whereas treatments for geographic atrophy have lagged behind. Several therapeutic approaches are being developed for geographic atrophy with the goal of either slowing down disease progression or reversing sight loss. Such strategies target the inflammatory pathways, complement cascade, visual cycle or neuroprotective mechanisms to slow down the degeneration. In addition, retinal implants have been tried for vision restoration and stem cell therapies for potentially a dual purpose of slowing down the degeneration and restoring visual function. In particular, therapies focusing on the complement pathway have shown promising results with the FDA approved pegcetacoplan, a complement C3 inhibitor, and avacincaptad pegol, a complement C5 inhibitor. In this review, we discuss the mechanisms of inflammation in AMD and outline the therapeutic landscapes of atrophy AMD. Improved understanding of the various pathway components and their interplay in this complex neuroinflammatory degeneration will guide the development of current and future therapeutic options, such as optogenetic therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grace A. Borchert
- Nuffield Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Oxford University, Oxford OX3 9DU, UK
| | - Hoda Shamsnajafabadi
- Nuffield Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Oxford University, Oxford OX3 9DU, UK
| | - Monica L. Hu
- Nuffield Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Oxford University, Oxford OX3 9DU, UK
| | - Samantha R. De Silva
- Nuffield Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Oxford University, Oxford OX3 9DU, UK
- Oxford Eye Hospital, Oxford University NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford OX3 9DU, UK
| | - Susan M. Downes
- Nuffield Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Oxford University, Oxford OX3 9DU, UK
- Oxford Eye Hospital, Oxford University NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford OX3 9DU, UK
| | - Robert E. MacLaren
- Nuffield Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Oxford University, Oxford OX3 9DU, UK
- Oxford Eye Hospital, Oxford University NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford OX3 9DU, UK
| | - Kanmin Xue
- Nuffield Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Oxford University, Oxford OX3 9DU, UK
- Oxford Eye Hospital, Oxford University NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford OX3 9DU, UK
| | - Jasmina Cehajic-Kapetanovic
- Nuffield Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Oxford University, Oxford OX3 9DU, UK
- Oxford Eye Hospital, Oxford University NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford OX3 9DU, UK
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Dörschmann P, Thalenhorst T, Seeba C, Tischhöfer MT, Neupane S, Roider J, Alban S, Klettner A. Comparison of Fucoidans from Saccharina latissima Regarding Age-Related Macular Degeneration Relevant Pathomechanisms in Retinal Pigment Epithelium. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:7939. [PMID: 37175646 PMCID: PMC10178501 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24097939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2023] [Revised: 04/16/2023] [Accepted: 04/25/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Fucoidans from brown algae are described as anti-inflammatory, antioxidative, and antiangiogenic. We tested two Saccharina latissima fucoidans (SL-FRO and SL-NOR) regarding their potential biological effects against age-related macular degeneration (AMD). Primary porcine retinal pigment epithelium (RPE), human RPE cell line ARPE-19, and human uveal melanoma cell line OMM-1 were used. Cell survival was assessed in tetrazolium assay (MTT). Oxidative stress assays were induced with erastin or H2O2. Supernatants were harvested to assess secreted vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGF-A) in ELISA. Barrier function was assessed by measurement of trans-epithelial electrical resistance (TEER). Protectin (CD59) and retinal pigment epithelium-specific 65 kDa protein (RPE65) were evaluated in western blot. Polymorphonuclear elastase and complement inhibition assays were performed. Phagocytosis of photoreceptor outer segments was tested in a fluorescence assay. Secretion and expression of proinflammatory cytokines were assessed with ELISA and real-time PCR. Fucoidans were chemically analyzed. Neither toxic nor antioxidative effects were detected in ARPE-19 or OMM-1. Interleukin 8 gene expression was slightly reduced by SL-NOR but induced by SL-FRO in RPE. VEGF secretion was reduced in ARPE-19 by SL-FRO and in RPE by both fucoidans. Polyinosinic:polycytidylic acid induced interleukin 6 and interleukin 8 secretion was reduced by both fucoidans in RPE. CD59 expression was positively influenced by fucoidans, and they exhibited a complement and elastase inhibitory effect in cell-free assay. RPE65 expression was reduced by SL-NOR in RPE. Barrier function of RPE was transiently reduced. Phagocytosis ability was slightly reduced by both fucoidans in primary RPE but not in ARPE-19. Fucoidans from Saccharina latissima, especially SL-FRO, are promising agents against AMD, as they reduce angiogenic cytokines and show anti-inflammatory and complement inhibiting properties; however, potential effects on gene expression and RPE functions need to be considered for further research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philipp Dörschmann
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Medical Center, University of Kiel, Arnold-Heller-Str. 3, Haus 25, 24105 Kiel, Germany (A.K.)
| | - Tabea Thalenhorst
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Medical Center, University of Kiel, Arnold-Heller-Str. 3, Haus 25, 24105 Kiel, Germany (A.K.)
| | - Charlotte Seeba
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Medical Center, University of Kiel, Arnold-Heller-Str. 3, Haus 25, 24105 Kiel, Germany (A.K.)
| | | | - Sandesh Neupane
- Wyatt Technology Europe GmbH, Hochstrasse 12a, 56307 Dernbach, Germany
| | - Johann Roider
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Medical Center, University of Kiel, Arnold-Heller-Str. 3, Haus 25, 24105 Kiel, Germany (A.K.)
| | - Susanne Alban
- Pharmaceutical Institute, University of Kiel, Gutenbergstr. 76, 24118 Kiel, Germany
| | - Alexa Klettner
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Medical Center, University of Kiel, Arnold-Heller-Str. 3, Haus 25, 24105 Kiel, Germany (A.K.)
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10
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Serum Autoantibodies in Patients with Dry and Wet Age-Related Macular Degeneration. J Clin Med 2023; 12:jcm12041590. [PMID: 36836125 PMCID: PMC9960765 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12041590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2023] [Revised: 02/02/2023] [Accepted: 02/14/2023] [Indexed: 02/19/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND To assess the serum autoantibody profile in patients with dry and exudative age-related macular degeneration compared with healthy volunteers to detect potential biomarkers, e.g., markers for progression of the disease. MATERIALS AND METHODS IgG Immunoreactivities were compared in patients suffering from dry age-related macular degeneration (AMD) (n = 20), patients with treatment-naive exudative AMD (n = 29) and healthy volunteers (n = 21). Serum was analysed by customized antigen microarrays containing 61 antigens. The statistical analysis was performed by univariate and multivariate analysis of variance, predictive data-mining methods and artificial neuronal networks were used to detect specific autoantibody patterns. RESULTS The immunoreactivities of dry and wet AMD patients were significantly different from each other and from controls. One of the most prominently changed reactivity was against alpha-synuclein (p ≤ 0.0034), which is known from other neurodegenerative diseases. Furthermore, reactivities against glyceraldehyde-3-phosphat-dehydrogenase (p ≤ 0.031) and Annexin V (p ≤ 0.034), which performs a major role in apoptotic processes, were significantly changed. Some immunoreacitvities were antithetic regulated in wet and dry-AMD, such as Vesicle transport-related protein (VTI-B). CONCLUSIONS Comparison of autoantibody profiles in patients with dry and wet AMD revealed significantly altered immunoreactivities against proteins particularly found in immunological diseases, further neurodegenerative, apoptotic and autoimmune markers could be observed. A validation study has to explore if these antibody pattern can help to understand the underlying differences in pathogenesis, evaluate their prognostic value and if those could be possibly useful as additional therapeutic targets.
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11
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Zysset-Burri DC, Morandi S, Herzog EL, Berger LE, Zinkernagel MS. The role of the gut microbiome in eye diseases. Prog Retin Eye Res 2023; 92:101117. [PMID: 36075807 DOI: 10.1016/j.preteyeres.2022.101117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2022] [Revised: 08/19/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
The gut microbiome is a complex ecosystem of microorganisms and their genetic entities colonizing the gastrointestinal tract. When in balanced composition, the gut microbiome is in symbiotic interaction with its host and maintains intestinal homeostasis. It is involved in essential functions such as nutrient metabolism, inhibition of pathogens and regulation of immune function. Through translocation of microbes and their metabolites along the epithelial barrier, microbial dysbiosis induces systemic inflammation that may lead to tissue destruction and promote the onset of various diseases. Using whole-metagenome shotgun sequencing, several studies have shown that the composition and associated functional capacities of the gut microbiome are associated with age-related macular degeneration, retinal artery occlusion, central serous chorioretinopathy and uveitis. In this review, we provide an overview of the current knowledge about the gut microbiome in eye diseases, with a focus on interactions between the microbiome, specific microbial-derived metabolites and the immune system. We explain how these interactions may be involved in the pathogenesis of age-related macular degeneration, retinal artery occlusion, central serous chorioretinopathy and uveitis and guide the development of new therapeutic approaches by microbiome-altering interventions for these diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denise C Zysset-Burri
- Department of Ophthalmology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Freiburgstrasse 15, CH-3010, Bern, Switzerland; Department for BioMedical Research, University of Bern, Murtenstrasse 24, CH-3008, Bern, Switzerland.
| | - Sophia Morandi
- Department of Ophthalmology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Freiburgstrasse 15, CH-3010, Bern, Switzerland; Department for BioMedical Research, University of Bern, Murtenstrasse 24, CH-3008, Bern, Switzerland.
| | - Elio L Herzog
- Department of Ophthalmology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Freiburgstrasse 15, CH-3010, Bern, Switzerland; Department for BioMedical Research, University of Bern, Murtenstrasse 24, CH-3008, Bern, Switzerland; Graduate School for Cellular and Biomedical Sciences, University of Bern, Mittelstrasse 43, CH-3012, Bern, Switzerland.
| | - Lieselotte E Berger
- Department of Ophthalmology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Freiburgstrasse 15, CH-3010, Bern, Switzerland; Department for BioMedical Research, University of Bern, Murtenstrasse 24, CH-3008, Bern, Switzerland.
| | - Martin S Zinkernagel
- Department of Ophthalmology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Freiburgstrasse 15, CH-3010, Bern, Switzerland; Department for BioMedical Research, University of Bern, Murtenstrasse 24, CH-3008, Bern, Switzerland.
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12
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Sreekumar PG, Su F, Spee C, Araujo E, Nusinowitz S, Reddy ST, Kannan R. Oxidative Stress and Lipid Accumulation Augments Cell Death in LDLR-Deficient RPE Cells and Ldlr-/- Mice. Cells 2022; 12:43. [PMID: 36611838 PMCID: PMC9818299 DOI: 10.3390/cells12010043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2022] [Revised: 12/14/2022] [Accepted: 12/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Lipid peroxidation from oxidative stress is considered a major contributor to age-related macular degeneration (AMD). The retina is abundant with circulating low-density lipoproteins (LDL), which are taken up by LDL receptor (LDLR) in the RPE and Müller cells. The purpose of this study is to investigate the role of LDLR in the NaIO3-induced model of dry AMD. Confluent primary human RPE (hRPE) and LDLR-silenced ARPE-19 cells were stressed with 150 µM tert-butyl hydroperoxide (tBH) and caspase 3/7 activation was determined. WT and Ldlr-/- mice were administered NaIO3 (20 mg/kg) intravenously. On day 7, fundus imaging, OCT, ERG, and retinal thickness were measured. Histology, TUNEL, cleaved caspase 3 and lipid accumulation were assessed. Treatment of hRPE with tBH markedly decreased LDLR expression. Caspase 3/7 activation was significantly increased in LDLR-silenced ARPE-19 cells treated with tBH. In Ldlr-/- mice, NaIO3 administration resulted in significant (a) retinal thinning, (b) compromised photoreceptor function, (c) increased percentage of cleaved caspase 3 positive and apoptotic cells, and (d) increased lipid droplet accumulation in the RPE, Bruch membrane, choroid, and sclera, compared to WT mice. Our findings imply that LDLR loss leads to lipid accumulation and impaired retinal function, which may contribute to the development of AMD.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Feng Su
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | | | - Eduardo Araujo
- Jules Stein Eye Institute, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Steven Nusinowitz
- Jules Stein Eye Institute, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Srinivasa T Reddy
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Ram Kannan
- Doheny Eye Institute, Pasadena, CA 91103, USA
- Jules Stein Eye Institute, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
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13
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Mao J, Chen N, Zhang S, Fang Y, Zheng Z, Wu S, Ye X, Chen Y, Chen Y, Shen L. Association between inflammatory cytokines in the aqueous humor and hyperreflective foci on optical coherence tomography in patients with neovascular age-related macular degeneration and polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy. Front Med (Lausanne) 2022; 9:973025. [PMID: 36213652 PMCID: PMC9538653 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2022.973025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2022] [Accepted: 08/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
PurposeTo investigate the associations between cytokine levels in the aqueous humor (AH) and hyperreflective foci (HF) on spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) in neovascular age-related macular degeneration (nAMD) and polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy (PCV).MethodsThe prospective study included 63 eyes with nAMD, 44 with PCV, and 43 with cataracts (Controls). AH samples were obtained before anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) therapy or cataract surgery. Cytokines interleukin 6 (IL-6), IL-8, IL-10, interferon-inducible protein 10 (IP-10), monocyte chemotactic protein 1 (MCP-1), and VEGF were measured by multiplex bead assay. Best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA), central macular thickness (CMT), and the number of HF were evaluated at baseline and 1 month after anti-VEGF treatment.ResultsNo significances difference in IL-6 and IL-8 levels were noted among the three groups (P = 0.370 and P = 0.067). VEGF, IP-10, and IL-10 levels were significantly higher in nAMD and PCV groups than in Controls (all P < 0.05). In nAMD, HF was positively correlated with VEGF (rs = 0.300, P = 0.025) and in eyes with HF group, VEGF and IL-10 were significantly higher than those without HF (P = 0.008 and P = 0.022). In PCV, no correlation was observed between HF and cytokines (all P > 0.05). After anti-VEGF treatment, patients with HF in nAMD and PCV were predisposed to worse visual outcomes (P = 0.022 and P = 0.015) and a significantly greater reduction in CMT (P = 0.001 and P = 0.057). And nAMD patients with HF were more sensitive to anti-VEGF treatment than those without HF (P = 0.029).ConclusionsIn the nAMD group, HF was positively correlated with VEGF. Patients in nAMD with HF had elevated levels of VEGF and IL-10 and responded favorably to anti-VEGF. HF might serve as an inflammatory biomarker and a predictive factor for therapeutic efficacy in patients with nAMD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianbo Mao
- Center for Rehabilitation Medicine, Department of Ophthalmology, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Hangzhou, China
- School of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Nuo Chen
- School of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Shian Zhang
- Center for Rehabilitation Medicine, Department of Ophthalmology, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yuyan Fang
- School of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Zicheng Zheng
- Hwa Mei Hospital, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, China
| | - Sulan Wu
- School of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Xin Ye
- School of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Yijing Chen
- School of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Yiqi Chen
- Center for Rehabilitation Medicine, Department of Ophthalmology, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Hangzhou, China
- School of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Lijun Shen
- Center for Rehabilitation Medicine, Department of Ophthalmology, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Hangzhou, China
- School of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Lijun Shen
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14
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Fehér J, Élő Á, István L, Nagy ZZ, Radák Z, Scuderi G, Artico M, Kovács I. Microbiota mitochondria disorders as hubs for early age-related macular degeneration. GeroScience 2022; 44:2623-2653. [PMID: 35978068 PMCID: PMC9385247 DOI: 10.1007/s11357-022-00620-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2021] [Accepted: 07/01/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disease affecting the central area (macula lutea) of the retina. Research on the pathogenic mechanism of AMD showed complex cellular contribution governed by such risk factors as aging, genetic predisposition, diet, and lifestyle. Recent studies suggested that microbiota is a transducer and a modifier of risk factors for neurodegenerative diseases, and mitochondria may be one of the intracellular targets of microbial signaling molecules. This review explores studies supporting a new concept on the contribution of microbiota-mitochondria disorders to AMD. We discuss metabolic, vascular, immune, and neuronal mechanism in AMD as well as key alterations of photoreceptor cells, retinal pigment epithelium (RPE), Bruch's membrane, choriocapillaris endothelial, immune, and neuronal cells. Special attention was paid to alterations of mitochondria contact sites (MCSs), an organelle network of mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum, lipid droplets (LDs), and peroxisomes being documented based on our own electron microscopic findings from surgically removed human eyes. Morphometry of Bruch's membrane lipids and proteoglycans has also been performed in early AMD and aged controls. Microbial metabolites (short-chain fatty acids, polyphenols, and secondary bile acids) and microbial compounds (lipopolysaccharide, peptidoglycan, and bacterial DNA)-now called postbiotics-in addition to local effects on resident microbiota and mucous membrane, regulate systemic metabolic, vascular, immune, and neuronal mechanisms in normal conditions and in various common diseases. We also discuss their antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and metabolic effects as well as experimental and clinical observations on regulating the main processes of photoreceptor renewal, mitophagy, and autophagy in early AMD. These findings support an emerging concept that microbiota-mitochondria disorders may be a crucial pathogenic mechanism of early AMD; and similarly, to other age-related neurodegenerative diseases, new treatment approaches should be targeted at these disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- János Fehér
- PRIMAVERA Program, Nutripharma Hungaria Ltd., Budapest, Hungary
| | - Ágnes Élő
- grid.11804.3c0000 0001 0942 9821Department of Ophthalmology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Lilla István
- grid.11804.3c0000 0001 0942 9821Department of Ophthalmology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Zoltán Zsolt Nagy
- grid.11804.3c0000 0001 0942 9821Department of Ophthalmology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Zsolt Radák
- grid.472475.70000 0000 9243 1481Research Institute of Sport Science, University of Physical Education, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Gianluca Scuderi
- grid.7841.aOphthalmology Unit, NESMOS Department, Sant’Andrea Hospital, Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Marco Artico
- grid.417007.5Department of Sensory Organs, “Sapienza” University of Rome, Roma, Italy
| | - Illés Kovács
- grid.11804.3c0000 0001 0942 9821Department of Ophthalmology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary ,grid.5386.8000000041936877XDepartment of Ophthalmology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York City, NY USA
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15
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Harada N, Nagai N, Mushiga Y, Ozawa Y. Choriocapillaris Flow Imbalance in Fellow Eyes in Age-Related Macular Degeneration. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2022; 63:13. [PMID: 35943731 PMCID: PMC9379328 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.63.9.13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose The purpose of this study was to identify early changes in choriocapillaris flow in patients with age-related macular degeneration (AMD) with no history of macular neovascularization (MNV). Methods Clinical records of fellow eyes of patients with unilateral neovascular AMD without fundus findings and control eyes of otherwise healthy individuals, except for mild cataract, diagnosed at St. Luke's International Hospital from April 2020 to March 2021, were retrospectively analyzed. Optical coherence tomography (OCT) angiography images of the choriocapillaris slab were binarized using the Phansalkar local thresholding methods to evaluate the choriocapillaris flow area (CCFA) and its coefficient of variation (CV). Results The data of 24 AMD fellow eyes (17 for men, 71.7 ± 1.9 years old) and 21 control eyes (11 for men, 69.1 ± 2.0 years old) were analyzed. The mean CCFA ratio was lower in the AMD fellow eyes (58.6 ± 1.2%) than in the control eyes (62.4 ± 1.3%, P = 0.032), and the mean CV of CCFA ratio was greater in the AMD fellow eyes (0.174 ± 0.007) than in the control eyes (0.154 ± 0.007, P = 0.032). Eyes with CCFA ratio <60% and CV of CCFA ratio ≥0.154 had a 4.371-fold higher risk of being AMD fellow eyes (95% confidence interval = 1.029–18.56, P = 0.046). Differences in CV of CCFA ratio between AMD fellow eyes and control eyes were particularly clear in eyes with thick choroids (mean CV of CCFA in control versus AMD fellow eyes with central choroidal thickness ≥220 µm: 0.144 ± 0.005 vs. 0.173 ± 0.007, P = 0.009**). Conclusions Neovascular AMD fellow eyes without MNV had reduced, heterogeneous, and imbalanced choriocapillaris flow, which may constitute early changes in neovascular AMD, although further studies are required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Narumi Harada
- Department of Ophthalmology, St. Luke's International Hospital, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Norihiro Nagai
- Department of Ophthalmology, St. Luke's International Hospital, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, Japan.,St. Luke's International University, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Ophthalmology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yasuaki Mushiga
- Department of Ophthalmology, St. Luke's International Hospital, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, Japan.,St. Luke's International University, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoko Ozawa
- Department of Ophthalmology, St. Luke's International Hospital, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, Japan.,St. Luke's International University, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Ophthalmology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.,https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4797-5705
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16
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Molins B, Mesquida M, Adan A. Bioengineering approaches for modelling retinal pathologies of the outer blood-retinal barrier. Prog Retin Eye Res 2022:101097. [PMID: 35840488 DOI: 10.1016/j.preteyeres.2022.101097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2021] [Revised: 05/31/2022] [Accepted: 06/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Alterations of the junctional complex of the outer blood-retinal barrier (oBRB), which is integrated by the close interaction of the retinal pigment epithelium, the Bruch's membrane, and the choriocapillaris, contribute to the loss of neuronal signalling and subsequent vision impairment in several retinal inflammatory disorders such as age-related macular degeneration and diabetic retinopathy. Reductionist approaches into the mechanisms that underlie such diseases have been hindered by the absence of adequate in vitro models using human cells to provide the 3D dynamic architecture that enables expression of the in vivo phenotype of the oBRB. Conventional in vitro cell models are based on 2D monolayer cellular cultures, unable to properly recapitulate the complexity of living systems. The main drawbacks of conventional oBRB models also emerge from the cell sourcing, the lack of an appropriate Bruch's membrane analogue, and the lack of choroidal microvasculature with flow. In the last years, the advent of organ-on-a-chip, bioengineering, and stem cell technologies is providing more advanced 3D models with flow, multicellularity, and external control over microenvironmental properties. By incorporating additional biological complexity, organ-on-a-chip devices can mirror physiologically relevant properties of the native tissue while offering additional set ups to model and study disease. In this review we first examine the current understanding of oBRB biology as a functional unit, highlighting the coordinated contribution of the different components to barrier function in health and disease. Then we describe recent advances in the use of pluripotent stem cells-derived retinal cells, Bruch's membrane analogues, and co-culture techniques to recapitulate the oBRB. We finally discuss current advances and challenges of oBRB-on-a-chip technologies for disease modelling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Blanca Molins
- Group of Ocular Inflammation: Clinical and Experimental Studies, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques Agustí Pi I Sunyer (IDIBAPS), C/ Sabino de Arana 1, 08028, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Marina Mesquida
- Group of Ocular Inflammation: Clinical and Experimental Studies, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques Agustí Pi I Sunyer (IDIBAPS), C/ Sabino de Arana 1, 08028, Barcelona, Spain; Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Basel, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd., Basel, Switzerland
| | - Alfredo Adan
- Group of Ocular Inflammation: Clinical and Experimental Studies, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques Agustí Pi I Sunyer (IDIBAPS), C/ Sabino de Arana 1, 08028, Barcelona, Spain; Instituto Clínic de Oftalmología, Hospital Clínic Barcelona, C/ Sabino de Arana 1, 08028, Barcelona, Spain
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Deletion of the Pedf gene leads to inflammation, photoreceptor loss and vascular disturbances in the retina. Exp Eye Res 2022; 222:109171. [PMID: 35809620 DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2022.109171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2022] [Revised: 06/25/2022] [Accepted: 06/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Retinal diseases are often accompanied by inflammation, vascular abnormalities, and neurodegeneration that decrease vision. Treatment with exogenous PEDF is widely shown to alleviate these conditions leading us to hypothesize that loss of function of the PEDF gene disrupts these pathways and leads to visual loss. Measurements were carried out by detailed phenotyping of PEDF null mice to assess expression of immunomodulators, glia activation, systemic inflammation, vascular disturbances, and visual sensitivity often associated with retinal pathologies. With a deletion of the Pedf gene, there was increased expression of several immune modulators in Pedf-/- retinas and serum with IL-2 and GM-CSF upregulated in both. Increases in retina glia activation and macrophage infiltration, levels of serum c-reactive protein (CRP), numbers of white and red blood cells and platelets and decreased blood glucose levels were all features associated with PEDF null mice. With PEDF gene deletion, there was also a notable increase in apoptosis in early developing retinas (PN3), reduced thickness of the photoreceptor layer, swelling of the inner plexiform layer, reduced retinal sensitivity and steady-state reduced activation of Erk and Akt, two signaling pathways used by PEDF. There is a substantial body of animal data emphasizing utility of PEDF treatment in homeostatic regulation of retinal diseases, including diabetic retinopathy and age-related macular degeneration but there is little agreement or evidence on the role of endogenous PEDF in retinal diseases. Our findings strongly support the concept that a deletion of the PEDF gene makes the retina vulnerable to diseases, and argue that endogenous PEDF plays a critical role in limiting pathological events in the retina.
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Różanowska MB, Czuba-Pełech B, Różanowski B. Is There an Optimal Combination of AREDS2 Antioxidants Zeaxanthin, Vitamin E and Vitamin C on Light-Induced Toxicity of Vitamin A Aldehyde to the Retina? Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11061132. [PMID: 35740030 PMCID: PMC9220409 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11061132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2022] [Revised: 05/15/2022] [Accepted: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Vitamins C and E and zeaxanthin are components of a supplement tested in a large clinical trial-Age-Related Eye Disease Study 2 (AREDS2)-and it has been demonstrated that they can inhibit the progression of age-related macular degeneration. The aim of this study was to determine the optimal combinations of these antioxidants to prevent the phototoxicity mediated by vitamin A aldehyde (ATR), which can accumulate in photoreceptor outer segments (POS) upon exposure to light. We used cultured retinal pigment epithelial cells ARPE-19 and liposomes containing unsaturated lipids and ATR as a model of POS. Cells and/or liposomes were enriched with lipophilic antioxidants, whereas ascorbate was added just before the exposure to light. Supplementing the cells and/or liposomes with single lipophilic antioxidants had only a minor effect on phototoxicity, but the protection substantially increased in the presence of both ways of supplementation. Combinations of zeaxanthin with α-tocopherol in liposomes and cells provided substantial protection, enhancing cell viability from ~26% in the absence of antioxidants to ~63% in the presence of 4 µM zeaxanthin and 80 µM α-tocopherol, and this protective effect was further increased to ~69% in the presence of 0.5 mM ascorbate. The protective effect of ascorbate disappeared at a concentration of 1 mM, whereas 2 mM of ascorbate exacerbated the phototoxicity. Zeaxanthin or α-tocopherol partly ameliorated the cytotoxic effects. Altogether, our results suggest that the optimal combination includes upper levels of zeaxanthin and α-tocopherol achievable by diet and/or supplementations, whereas ascorbate needs to be at a four-fold smaller concentration than that in the vitreous. The physiological relevance of the results is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Małgorzata B. Różanowska
- School of Optometry and Vision Sciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF24 4HQ, Wales, UK
- Cardiff Institute for Tissue Engineering and Repair (CITER), Cardiff University, Cardiff CF24 4HQ, Wales, UK
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +44-292087-5057
| | - Barbara Czuba-Pełech
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, 30-387 Kraków, Poland;
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Santos FM, Mesquita J, Castro-de-Sousa JP, Ciordia S, Paradela A, Tomaz CT. Vitreous Humor Proteome: Targeting Oxidative Stress, Inflammation, and Neurodegeneration in Vitreoretinal Diseases. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11030505. [PMID: 35326156 PMCID: PMC8944522 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11030505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2022] [Revised: 03/03/2022] [Accepted: 03/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress is defined as an unbalance between pro-oxidants and antioxidants, as evidenced by an increase in reactive oxygen and reactive nitrogen species production over time. It is important in the pathophysiology of retinal disorders such as diabetic retinopathy, age-related macular degeneration, retinal detachment, and proliferative vitreoretinopathy, which are the focus of this article. Although the human organism’s defense mechanisms correct autoxidation caused by endogenous or exogenous factors, this may be insufficient, causing an imbalance in favor of excessive ROS production or a weakening of the endogenous antioxidant system, resulting in molecular and cellular damage. Furthermore, modern lifestyles and environmental factors contribute to increased chemical exposure and stress induction, resulting in oxidative stress. In this review, we discuss the current information about oxidative stress and the vitreous proteome with a special focus on vitreoretinal diseases. Additionally, we explore therapies using antioxidants in an attempt to rescue the body from oxidation, restore balance, and maximize healthy body function, as well as new investigational therapies that have shown significant therapeutic potential in preclinical studies and clinical trial outcomes, along with their goals and strategic approaches to combat oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fátima Milhano Santos
- CICS-UBI—Centro de Investigação em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade da Beira Interior, 6201-001 Covilhã, Portugal; or (J.P.C.-d.-S.)
- Unidad de Proteomica, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología, CSIC, Campus de Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain; (S.C.); (A.P.)
- C4-UBI, Cloud Computing Competence Centre, University of Beira Interior, 6200-501 Covilhã, Portugal
- Correspondence: (F.M.S.); (C.T.T.); Tel.: +351-275-319-700 (C.T.T.)
| | - Joana Mesquita
- CICS-UBI—Centro de Investigação em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade da Beira Interior, 6201-001 Covilhã, Portugal; or (J.P.C.-d.-S.)
| | - João Paulo Castro-de-Sousa
- CICS-UBI—Centro de Investigação em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade da Beira Interior, 6201-001 Covilhã, Portugal; or (J.P.C.-d.-S.)
- Department of Ophthalmology, Centro Hospitalar de Leiria, 2410-197 Leiria, Portugal
| | - Sergio Ciordia
- Unidad de Proteomica, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología, CSIC, Campus de Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain; (S.C.); (A.P.)
| | - Alberto Paradela
- Unidad de Proteomica, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología, CSIC, Campus de Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain; (S.C.); (A.P.)
| | - Cândida Teixeira Tomaz
- CICS-UBI—Centro de Investigação em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade da Beira Interior, 6201-001 Covilhã, Portugal; or (J.P.C.-d.-S.)
- C4-UBI, Cloud Computing Competence Centre, University of Beira Interior, 6200-501 Covilhã, Portugal
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Sciences, University of Beira Interior, 6201-001 Covilhã, Portugal
- Correspondence: (F.M.S.); (C.T.T.); Tel.: +351-275-319-700 (C.T.T.)
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20
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Ren J, Ren A, Deng X, Huang Z, Jiang Z, Li Z, Gong Y. Long-Chain Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids and Their Metabolites Regulate Inflammation in Age-Related Macular Degeneration. J Inflamm Res 2022; 15:865-880. [PMID: 35173457 PMCID: PMC8842733 DOI: 10.2147/jir.s347231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2021] [Accepted: 01/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is a blinding eye disease, whose incidence strongly increases with ages. The etiology of AMD is complex, including aging, abnormal lipid metabolism, chronic inflammation and oxidative stress. Long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LCPUFA) are essential for ocular structures and functions. This review summarizes the regulatory effects of LCPUFA on inflammation in AMD. LCPUFA are related to aging, autophagy and chronic inflammation. They are metabolized to pro- and anti-inflammatory metabolites by various enzymes. These metabolites stimulate inflammation in response to oxidative stress, causing innate and acquired immune responses. This review also discusses the possible clinical applications, which provided novel targets for the prevention and treatment of AMD and other age-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiangbo Ren
- Department of Biological Repositories, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Ophthalmology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, People’s Republic of China
| | - Anli Ren
- Department of Biological Repositories, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Ophthalmology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xizhi Deng
- Department of Ophthalmology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhengrong Huang
- Department of Biological Repositories, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ziyu Jiang
- Department of Biological Repositories, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhi Li
- Department of Ophthalmology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yan Gong
- Department of Biological Repositories, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, People’s Republic of China
- Human Genetics Resource Preservation Center of Wuhan University, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, People’s Republic of China
- Correspondence: Yan Gong; Zhi Li, Tel +86 27 6781 1461; +86 27 6781 2622, Fax +86 27 6781 1471; +86 27 6781 3133, Email ;
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Duncan RS, Hurtado DT, Hall CW, Koulen P. Differential Mechanisms of Action and Efficacy of Vitamin E Components in Antioxidant Cytoprotection of Human Retinal Pigment Epithelium. Front Pharmacol 2022; 12:798938. [PMID: 35058783 PMCID: PMC8764263 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.798938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2021] [Accepted: 11/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to determine if different vitamin E components exhibit similar efficacy and mechanism of action in protecting Retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) cells from oxidative damage. We hypothesized that α-tocopherol (αT) is unique among vitamin E components in its cytoprotective mechanism of action against oxidative stress in RPE cells and that it requires protein synthesis for optimal antioxidant effect. We used cell viability assays, fluorescent chemical labeling of DNA and actin and immuno-labeling of the antioxidant proteins Nrf2 and Sod2 and of the tight junction protein, ZO-1, and confocal microscopy to determine the effects of αT and γT against oxidative stress in immortalized human RPE cells (hTERT-RPE). Using the four main vitamin E components, αT, γT, δ-tocopherol (δT) and α-tocotrienol (αTr), we ascertained that they exhibit similar, but not identical, antioxidant activity as αT when used at equimolar concentrations. In addition, we determined that the exposure time of RPE cells to α-tocopherol is critical for its ability to protect against oxidative damage. Lastly, we determined that αT, but not γT, partially requires the synthesis of new proteins within a 24-h period and prior to exposure to tBHP for optimal cytoprotection. We conclude that, unlike γT and δT, αT appears to be unique in its requirement for transport and/or signaling for it to be an effective antioxidant. As a result, more focus should be paid to which vitamin E components are used for antioxidant interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Scott Duncan
- Vision Research Center, Department of Ophthalmology, School of Medicine, University of Missouri-Kansas City, Kansas City, MO, United States
| | - Daniel T Hurtado
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Missouri-Kansas City, Kansas City, MO, United States
| | - Conner W Hall
- Vision Research Center, Department of Ophthalmology, School of Medicine, University of Missouri-Kansas City, Kansas City, MO, United States
| | - Peter Koulen
- Vision Research Center, Department of Ophthalmology, School of Medicine, University of Missouri-Kansas City, Kansas City, MO, United States.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Missouri-Kansas City, Kansas City, MO, United States
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Predictive Biomarkers of Age-Related Macular Degeneration Response to Anti-VEGF Treatment. J Pers Med 2021; 11:jpm11121329. [PMID: 34945801 PMCID: PMC8706948 DOI: 10.3390/jpm11121329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2021] [Revised: 11/10/2021] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is an incurable disease associated with aging that destroys sharp and central vision. Increasing evidence implicates both systemic and local inflammation in the pathogenesis of AMD. Intravitreal injection of anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) agents is currently the first-line therapy for choroidal neovascularization in AMD patients. However, a high number of patients do not show satisfactory responses to anti-VEGF treatment after three injections. Predictive treatment response models are one of the most powerful tools for personalized medicine. Therefore, the application of these models is very helpful to predict the optimal treatment for an early application on each patient. We analyzed the transcriptome of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from AMD patients before treatment to identify biomarkers of response to ranibizumab. A classification model comprised of four mRNAs and one miRNA isolated from PBMCs was able to predict the response to ranibizumab with high accuracy (Area Under the Curve of the Receiver Operating Characteristic curve = 0.968), before treatment. We consider that our classification model, based on mRNA and miRNA from PBMCs allows a robust prediction of patients with insufficient response to anti-VEGF treatment. In addition, it could be used in combination with other methods, such as specific baseline characteristics, to identify patients with poor response to anti-VEGF treatment to establish patient-specific treatment plans at the first visit.
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23
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Duarri A, Rodríguez-Bocanegra E, Martínez-Navarrete G, Biarnés M, García M, Ferraro LL, Kuebler B, Aran B, Izquierdo E, Aguilera-Xiol E, Casaroli-Marano RP, Trias E, Fernandez E, Raya Á, Veiga A, Monés J. Transplantation of Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell-Derived Retinal Pigment Epithelium in a Swine Model of Geographic Atrophy. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms221910497. [PMID: 34638840 PMCID: PMC8508834 DOI: 10.3390/ijms221910497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2021] [Revised: 09/24/2021] [Accepted: 09/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim of this study was to test the feasibility and safety of subretinal transplantation of human induced pluripotent stem cell (hiPSC)-derived retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) cells into the healthy margins and within areas of degenerative retina in a swine model of geographic atrophy (GA). METHODS Well-delimited selective outer retinal damage was induced by subretinal injection of NaIO3 into one eye in minipigs (n = 10). Thirty days later, a suspension of hiPSC-derived RPE cells expressing green fluorescent protein was injected into the subretinal space, into the healthy margins, and within areas of degenerative retina. In vivo follow-up was performed by multimodal imaging. Post-mortem retinas were analyzed by immunohistochemistry and histology. RESULTS In vitro differentiated hiPSC-RPE cells showed a typical epithelial morphology, expressed RPE-related genes, and had phagocytic ability. Engrafted hiPSC-RPE cells were detected in 60% of the eyes, forming mature epithelium in healthy retina extending towards the border of the atrophy. Histological analysis revealed RPE interaction with host photoreceptors in the healthy retina. Engrafted cells in the atrophic zone were found in a patchy distribution but failed to form an epithelial-like layer. CONCLUSIONS These results might support the use of hiPSC-RPE cells to treat atrophic GA by providing a housekeeping function to aid the overwhelmed remnant RPE, which might improve its survival and therefore slow down the progression of GA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Duarri
- Program for Clinical Translation of Regenerative Medicine in Catalonia–P-CMR[C], Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), Hospitalet de Llobregat, 08908 Barcelona, Spain; (A.D.); (B.K.); (B.A.); (Á.R.)
- National Stem Cell Bank-Barcelona Node, Biomolecular and Bioinformatics Resources Platform PRB2, ISCIII, IDIBELL, Hospitalet de Llobregat, 08908 Barcelona, Spain
- Ophthalmology Research Group, Vall d’Hebron Institut de Recerca (VHIR), 08036 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Eduardo Rodríguez-Bocanegra
- Barcelona Macula Foundation: Research for Vision, 08022 Barcelona, Spain; (E.R.-B.); (M.B.); (M.G.); (L.L.F.)
- Institut de la Màcula, Centro Médico Teknon, 08022 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Gema Martínez-Navarrete
- Networking Research Center of Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), 28029 Madrid, Spain; (G.M.-N.); (E.F.)
- Institute of Bioengineering, Universidad Miguel Hernández, 03202 Alicante, Spain
| | - Marc Biarnés
- Barcelona Macula Foundation: Research for Vision, 08022 Barcelona, Spain; (E.R.-B.); (M.B.); (M.G.); (L.L.F.)
- Institut de la Màcula, Centro Médico Teknon, 08022 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Miriam García
- Barcelona Macula Foundation: Research for Vision, 08022 Barcelona, Spain; (E.R.-B.); (M.B.); (M.G.); (L.L.F.)
- Institut de la Màcula, Centro Médico Teknon, 08022 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Lucía Lee Ferraro
- Barcelona Macula Foundation: Research for Vision, 08022 Barcelona, Spain; (E.R.-B.); (M.B.); (M.G.); (L.L.F.)
- Institut de la Màcula, Centro Médico Teknon, 08022 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Bernd Kuebler
- Program for Clinical Translation of Regenerative Medicine in Catalonia–P-CMR[C], Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), Hospitalet de Llobregat, 08908 Barcelona, Spain; (A.D.); (B.K.); (B.A.); (Á.R.)
| | - Begoña Aran
- Program for Clinical Translation of Regenerative Medicine in Catalonia–P-CMR[C], Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), Hospitalet de Llobregat, 08908 Barcelona, Spain; (A.D.); (B.K.); (B.A.); (Á.R.)
- National Stem Cell Bank-Barcelona Node, Biomolecular and Bioinformatics Resources Platform PRB2, ISCIII, IDIBELL, Hospitalet de Llobregat, 08908 Barcelona, Spain
| | | | | | - Ricardo P. Casaroli-Marano
- Banc de Sang i Teixits (BST), Institute of Biomedical Research (IIB-Sant Pau), 08025 Barcelona, Spain;
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine and Health Science, Hospital Clinic de Barcelona, University of Barcelona, 08036 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Esteve Trias
- LEITAT Technological Center, 08005 Barcelona, Spain;
- Advanced Therapies Unit, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, 08005 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Eduardo Fernandez
- Networking Research Center of Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), 28029 Madrid, Spain; (G.M.-N.); (E.F.)
- Institute of Bioengineering, Universidad Miguel Hernández, 03202 Alicante, Spain
| | - Ángel Raya
- Program for Clinical Translation of Regenerative Medicine in Catalonia–P-CMR[C], Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), Hospitalet de Llobregat, 08908 Barcelona, Spain; (A.D.); (B.K.); (B.A.); (Á.R.)
- Networking Research Center of Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), 28029 Madrid, Spain; (G.M.-N.); (E.F.)
- Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA), 08010 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Anna Veiga
- Program for Clinical Translation of Regenerative Medicine in Catalonia–P-CMR[C], Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), Hospitalet de Llobregat, 08908 Barcelona, Spain; (A.D.); (B.K.); (B.A.); (Á.R.)
- National Stem Cell Bank-Barcelona Node, Biomolecular and Bioinformatics Resources Platform PRB2, ISCIII, IDIBELL, Hospitalet de Llobregat, 08908 Barcelona, Spain
- Correspondence: (A.V.); (J.M.)
| | - Jordi Monés
- Barcelona Macula Foundation: Research for Vision, 08022 Barcelona, Spain; (E.R.-B.); (M.B.); (M.G.); (L.L.F.)
- Institut de la Màcula, Centro Médico Teknon, 08022 Barcelona, Spain
- Correspondence: (A.V.); (J.M.)
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