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Koyama Y, Ogawa C, Kurihara C, Hashimoto N, Shinagawa S, Okazaki H, Koyama T, Sugahara K, Katakura A. Pathological examination of factors involved in PD-L1 expression in patients with oral tongue squamous cell carcinoma. Maxillofac Plast Reconstr Surg 2024; 46:31. [PMID: 39115623 PMCID: PMC11310371 DOI: 10.1186/s40902-024-00441-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2024] [Accepted: 08/01/2024] [Indexed: 08/11/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tumor tissues comprise cancer cells and stromal cells, and their interactions form the cancer microenvironment. Therefore, treatments targeting cells other than cancer cells are also actively being developed, and among them, treatment targeting PD-1, an immune checkpoint molecule that is important in tumor immune evasion, has also been indicated for head and neck cancer. PD-L1, a ligand of PD-1, is expressed in both tumor cells and stromal cells, and the scoring system based on the combined positivity rates of both types of cells, the combined positive score (CPS), is used for predicting treatment effect. However, much is unknown regarding the expression of PD-L1. In this study, we histopathologically examined factors controlling the expression of PD-1/PD-L1. This study included 37 patients who underwent resection surgery for tongue squamous cell carcinoma in the Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery at Tokyo Dental College Suidobashi Hospital. The expression levels of PD-L1, α-SMA, and p53 were assessed by immunohistochemical staining. RESULTS Seven participants had CPS ≥ 20, twenty-four participants had 1 ≤ CPS < 20, and six participants had CPS < 1. The overall positivity rate of α-SMA, a marker for cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs), was 27% (10/37 participants), and the positivity rates of α-SMA for the three CPS groups were 85.7% (6/7 participants), 16.7% (4/24 participants), and 0% (0/6 participants), respectively. In addition, the overall positivity rate of p53 was 37.8% (14/37 participants), and the positivity rates of p53 for the three CPS groups were 71.4% (5/7 participants), 37.5% (9/24 participants), and 0% (0/6 participants), respectively. CONCLUSIONS The expression of PD-L1 demonstrated an association with α-SMA and p53 positivity. In addition, compared with the expression of p53, the expression of α-SMA demonstrated a higher association with PD-L1 expression in patients with a high CPS. The abovementioned findings suggest that the interactions between CAFs, cancer cells, and immunocompetent cells may regulate the expression of PD-L1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Koyama
- Department of Oral Pathobiological Science and Surgery, Tokyo Dental College, Tokyo, Japan, 2-9-18 Kanda Misaki-Cho, Chiyoda-Ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Chiharu Ogawa
- Department of Oral Pathobiological Science and Surgery, Tokyo Dental College, Tokyo, Japan, 2-9-18 Kanda Misaki-Cho, Chiyoda-Ku, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Okinawa Prefectural Chubu Hospital, Okinawa, Japan, 281 Miyazato, Uruma-Shi, Okinawa, Japan
| | - Chihiro Kurihara
- Department of Oral Pathobiological Science and Surgery, Tokyo Dental College, Tokyo, Japan, 2-9-18 Kanda Misaki-Cho, Chiyoda-Ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Nao Hashimoto
- Department of Oral Pathobiological Science and Surgery, Tokyo Dental College, Tokyo, Japan, 2-9-18 Kanda Misaki-Cho, Chiyoda-Ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shota Shinagawa
- Department of Oral Pathobiological Science and Surgery, Tokyo Dental College, Tokyo, Japan, 2-9-18 Kanda Misaki-Cho, Chiyoda-Ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroya Okazaki
- Department of Oral Pathobiological Science and Surgery, Tokyo Dental College, Tokyo, Japan, 2-9-18 Kanda Misaki-Cho, Chiyoda-Ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takumi Koyama
- Department of Oral Pathobiological Science and Surgery, Tokyo Dental College, Tokyo, Japan, 2-9-18 Kanda Misaki-Cho, Chiyoda-Ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Keisuke Sugahara
- Department of Oral Pathobiological Science and Surgery, Tokyo Dental College, Tokyo, Japan, 2-9-18 Kanda Misaki-Cho, Chiyoda-Ku, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Akira Katakura
- Department of Oral Pathobiological Science and Surgery, Tokyo Dental College, Tokyo, Japan, 2-9-18 Kanda Misaki-Cho, Chiyoda-Ku, Tokyo, Japan
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2
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Mager LF, Krause T, McCoy KD. Interaction of microbiota, mucosal malignancies, and immunotherapy-Mechanistic insights. Mucosal Immunol 2024; 17:402-415. [PMID: 38521413 DOI: 10.1016/j.mucimm.2024.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2023] [Revised: 03/09/2024] [Accepted: 03/17/2024] [Indexed: 03/25/2024]
Abstract
The microbiome has emerged as a crucial modulator of host-immune interactions and clearly impacts tumor development and therapy efficacy. The microbiome is a double-edged sword in cancer development and therapy as both pro-tumorigenic and anti-tumorigenic bacterial taxa have been identified. The staggering number of association-based studies in various tumor types has led to an enormous amount of data that makes it difficult to identify bacteria that promote tumor development or modulate therapy efficacy from bystander bacteria. Here we aim to comprehensively summarize the current knowledge of microbiome-host immunity interactions and cancer therapy in various mucosal tissues to find commonalities and thus identify potential functionally relevant bacterial taxa. Moreover, we also review recent studies identifying specific bacteria and mechanisms through which the microbiome modulates cancer development and therapy efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lukas F Mager
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada; Department of Internal Medicine I, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tübingen, Germany; M3 Research Center for Malignom, Metabolome and Microbiome, Faculty of Medicine University Tübingen, Germany
| | - Tim Krause
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tübingen, Germany; M3 Research Center for Malignom, Metabolome and Microbiome, Faculty of Medicine University Tübingen, Germany
| | - Kathy D McCoy
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada.
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3
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Blažek T, Petráš M, Hurník P, Matoušek P, Knybel L, Čermáková ZZ, Štembírek J, Cvek J, Soumarová R. High PD-L1 expression on immune cells along with increased density of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes predicts a favorable survival outcome for patients with loco-regionally advanced head and neck cancer: early results from a prospective study. Front Oncol 2024; 14:1346793. [PMID: 38638854 PMCID: PMC11024328 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2024.1346793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2023] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction In the era of personalized medicine and treatment optimization, use of immune biomarkers holds promise for estimating the prognosis of patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) undergoing definitive treatment. Methods To evaluate the prognostic potential of immune biomarkers, we conducted a prospective monocentric cohort study with loco-regionally advanced HNSCC patients indicated for definitive radiotherapy/radiochemotherapy at the Department of Oncology, Ostrava University Hospital, Czech Republic, between June 2020 and August 2023. We focused on the expression of programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1) and tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) relative to overall survival (OS) and specific survival rates. Associations between biomarkers and survival rates were assessed by crude and adjusted hazard ratios (cHR, aHR, respectively) obtained from Cox proportional hazards regression. Results Among a total of 55 patients within a median follow-up of 19.7 months, there were 21 (38.2%) all-cause deaths and 15 (27.3%) cancer-related deaths. An overall survival (OS) rate of 61.8% and a disease-specific survival (DSS) rate of 72.7% were recorded. A significant association between survival rates and a ≥10% difference in PD-L1 expression on immune versus tumor cells (high PD-L1IC expression) was documented regardless of the type of analysis (univariate or multivariate). In addition, a stronger association was confirmed for OS and the composite biomarker high PD-L1IC expression along with either median-higher CD8+ TIL count or increased TIL density ≥30%, as indicated by an aHR of 0.08 (95% CI, 0.01 to 0.52) and 0.07 (95% CI, 0.01 to 0.46), respectively. Similar results were demonstrated for other specific survival rates. Discussion The early outcomes of the present study suggest the utility of a strong prognostic factor involving a composite biomarker high PD-L1IC expression along with increased TIL density in HNSCC patients undergoing definitive radiotherapy and radiochemotherapy. Trial registration The study is registered with Clinicaltrials.gov. - NCT05941676.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomáš Blažek
- Department of Oncology, Ostrava University Hospital, Ostrava, Czechia
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Ostrava, Ostrava, Czechia
- Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czechia
| | - Marek Petráš
- Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czechia
| | - Pavel Hurník
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Ostrava, Ostrava, Czechia
- Department of Pathology, Ostrava University Hospital, Ostrava, Czechia
| | - Petr Matoušek
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Ostrava, Ostrava, Czechia
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Ostrava University Hospital, Ostrava, Czechia
| | - Lukáš Knybel
- Department of Oncology, Ostrava University Hospital, Ostrava, Czechia
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Ostrava, Ostrava, Czechia
| | - Zuzana Zděblová Čermáková
- Department of Oncology, Ostrava University Hospital, Ostrava, Czechia
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Ostrava, Ostrava, Czechia
| | - Jan Štembírek
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Ostrava, Ostrava, Czechia
- Department of Orofacial Surgery, Ostrava University Hospital, Ostrava, Czechia
| | - Jakub Cvek
- Department of Oncology, Ostrava University Hospital, Ostrava, Czechia
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Ostrava, Ostrava, Czechia
| | - Renata Soumarová
- Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czechia
- Department of Oncology, Královské Vinohrady University Hospital, Prague, Czechia
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4
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Zhang L, Lin S, Zhang Z, Yan C, Liu F. The role of p21-activated kinase 4 in the progression of oral squamous cell carcinoma by targeting PI3K-AKT signaling pathway. Clin Transl Oncol 2023; 25:739-747. [PMID: 36593383 DOI: 10.1007/s12094-022-02980-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2022] [Accepted: 10/09/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Oral squamous carcinoma (OSCC), the most common head and neck malignancy, has a strong propensity for malignant proliferation and metastasis, which will decrease the survival of patients. P21-activated kinase 4 (PAK4), a classical serine/threonine protein kinase with multiple cellular functions, has an essential role in cancer cell migration and invasion. Here, we elucidated the function and possible molecular mechanisms of the effect of PAK4 on the biological behaviors of OSCC. METHODS The expression of genes and protein was detected by real-time PCR and western blotting. We used oral squamous carcinoma cell lines, Tca8117, Cal 27, SCC 4, and SCC 9 for validation of our cell function data. Flow cytometry, 3D cultures, and clone formation assay were used to detect proliferation of cells. RNA sequencing and bioinformatic analysis was performed to determine the potential function of PAK4. RESULTS Immunohistochemistry, western blotting and real-time PCR demonstrated that PAK4 expression was up-regulated in OSCC tissues. Overexpression of PAK4 promoted the proliferation, migration and invasion of OSCC cell lines. RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) for the transcriptome-wide analysis of differential gene expression followed by bioinformatic analysis was performed to determine the potential function of PAK4. Based on the KEGG enrichment analysis and GO analysis of differential expression genes (DEGs) we found that PAK4 promotes the cell-cycle machinery, which associated with 44 regulated genes, thereby promoting cancer cell differentiation. CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrates that the PAK4 regulates the biological behaviors of OSCC by PI3K-AKT signaling pathway, and these findings might provide a novel strategy for OSCC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lan Zhang
- Department of Oromaxillofacial-Head and Neck Surgery, School and Hospital of Stomatology, China Medical University, Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Disease, Shenyang, China.,Nosocomial Infection Management Office, School and Hospital of Stomatology, China Medical University, Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Shenyang, China
| | - Shanfeng Lin
- Department of Oromaxillofacial-Head and Neck Surgery, School and Hospital of Stomatology, China Medical University, Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Disease, Shenyang, China
| | - Zeying Zhang
- Department of Oromaxillofacial-Head and Neck Surgery, School and Hospital of Stomatology, China Medical University, Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Disease, Shenyang, China.,Department of Endodontics, School and Hospital of Stomatology, China Medical University, Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Disease, Shenyang, China
| | - Cong Yan
- Department of Oromaxillofacial-Head and Neck Surgery, School and Hospital of Stomatology, China Medical University, Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Disease, Shenyang, China
| | - Fayu Liu
- Department of Oromaxillofacial-Head and Neck Surgery, School and Hospital of Stomatology, China Medical University, Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Disease, Shenyang, China.
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5
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VISTA H-Score Is Significantly Associated with a 5-Year DFS Rate in Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma. J Clin Med 2023; 12:jcm12041619. [PMID: 36836154 PMCID: PMC9967884 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12041619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2023] [Revised: 02/12/2023] [Accepted: 02/14/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is the most common type of oral cancer in the world. Despite its prevalence, it is often recognized in advanced stages (III or IV) when it has already spread to local lymph nodes. In this study, we investigate the V-domain Ig suppressor of T cell activation (VISTA) as a potential prognostic factor in OSCC. Tissue samples were collected from 71 oral squamous cell carcinoma patients to determine protein expression levels (using immunochemistry and the semi-quantitative H-score method). Moreover, RT-qPCR was additionally performed in 35 patients. Clinical factors in our cohort study had no impact on VISTA expression. However, VISTA expression is largely correlated with Il-33 levels in tumor cells and lymphocytes and with PD-L1 in tumor cells. The impact of VISTA expression on overall survival (OS) is rather limited, but in the case of a 5-year survival rate, a significant association has been proven. VISTA seems to be a rather weak clinicopathological marker but needs further evaluation in the context of survival. In addition, the potential of VISTA combination with Il-33 or PD-L1 should be further investigated in OSCC.
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6
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Gaafar NM, Osman TA, Elsheikh M, Ahmed IA, Dongre H, Fromreide S, Suleiman AM, Johannessen AC, Nginamau ES, Costea D. Epithelial PD-L1 expression at tumor front predicts overall survival in a cohort of oral squamous cell carcinomas from Sudan. Clin Exp Dent Res 2022; 8:1467-1477. [PMID: 36177667 PMCID: PMC9760153 DOI: 10.1002/cre2.666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2021] [Revised: 09/03/2022] [Accepted: 09/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND We recently described the tumor immune microenvironment (TIME) in oral squamous cell carcinomas (OSCC) from Sudan by assessing the core of the lesions. However, the invasive tumor front (ITF) is the most active part of OSCC lesions; thus, TIME should also be characterized at the ITF in this patient cohort. OBJECTIVES We aimed to evaluate patterns of immune cell infiltration at the ITF in a cohort of OSCC patients from Sudan previously investigated at the tumor center and their association with clinicopathological parameters. METHODS This study was performed on a prospective cohort of 22 OSCC patients attending Khartoum Dental Teaching Hospital with a median follow-up of 48 months. Inflammatory infiltrate densities of CD4-, CD8-, FoxP3-, CD20-, CD66b-, M1 (CD80/CD68)-, M2 (CD163/CD68)-, and PD-L1-positive cells were assessed at the ITF by immunohistochemistry, followed by digital quantitative analysis at the stromal and epithelial compartments separately. Histopathological parameters such as the worst pattern of invasion, differentiation, and tumor budding (TB) were also assessed. Correlations between clinicopathological parameters and survival analysis were investigated using SPSS. RESULTS All inflammatory cell subsets investigated were found to be higher in the stromal compartment as compared to the epithelial one, except for the PD-L1+ subset. Stromal infiltration with the CD8+ cell subset was associated with low TB. Kaplan-Meier analyses identified higher epithelial and stromal CD4+ cell subsets. The presence of PD-L1 was found to be associated with unfavorable overall survival. Further, Cox's regression analysis using an age- and tumor-stage-adjusted model identified epithelial PD-L1 expression at the ITF as the only independent prognosticator. CONCLUSIONS Epithelial PD-L1 expression at the ITF was found to be an independent prognostic biomarker for OSCC in a cohort of Sudanese patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nuha M. Gaafar
- The Gade Laboratory for Pathology and Centre for Cancer Biomarkers (CCBIO), Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of MedicineUniversity of BergenBergenNorway,Centre for International Health, Department of Global Public Health and Primary Care, Faculty of MedicineUniversity of BergenBergenNorway,Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of DentistryUniversity of KhartoumKhartoumSudan
| | - Tarig Al‐Hadi Osman
- The Gade Laboratory for Pathology and Centre for Cancer Biomarkers (CCBIO), Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of MedicineUniversity of BergenBergenNorway,Department of PathologyHaukeland University HospitalBergenNorway
| | - Mariam Elsheikh
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of DentistryUniversity of KhartoumKhartoumSudan,Khartoum Dental Teaching HospitalKhartoumSudan
| | - Israa Abdulrahman Ahmed
- The Gade Laboratory for Pathology and Centre for Cancer Biomarkers (CCBIO), Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of MedicineUniversity of BergenBergenNorway,Centre for International Health, Department of Global Public Health and Primary Care, Faculty of MedicineUniversity of BergenBergenNorway
| | - Harsh Dongre
- The Gade Laboratory for Pathology and Centre for Cancer Biomarkers (CCBIO), Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of MedicineUniversity of BergenBergenNorway
| | - Siren Fromreide
- The Gade Laboratory for Pathology and Centre for Cancer Biomarkers (CCBIO), Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of MedicineUniversity of BergenBergenNorway
| | - Ahmed M. Suleiman
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of DentistryUniversity of KhartoumKhartoumSudan,Khartoum Dental Teaching HospitalKhartoumSudan
| | - Anne C. Johannessen
- The Gade Laboratory for Pathology and Centre for Cancer Biomarkers (CCBIO), Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of MedicineUniversity of BergenBergenNorway,Centre for International Health, Department of Global Public Health and Primary Care, Faculty of MedicineUniversity of BergenBergenNorway,Department of PathologyHaukeland University HospitalBergenNorway
| | - Elisabeth S. Nginamau
- The Gade Laboratory for Pathology and Centre for Cancer Biomarkers (CCBIO), Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of MedicineUniversity of BergenBergenNorway,Department of PathologyHaukeland University HospitalBergenNorway
| | - Daniela‐Elena Costea
- The Gade Laboratory for Pathology and Centre for Cancer Biomarkers (CCBIO), Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of MedicineUniversity of BergenBergenNorway,Centre for International Health, Department of Global Public Health and Primary Care, Faculty of MedicineUniversity of BergenBergenNorway,Department of PathologyHaukeland University HospitalBergenNorway
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7
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Jiang S, Li X, Huang L, Xu Z, Lin J. Prognostic value of PD-1, PD-L1 and PD-L2 deserves attention in head and neck cancer. Front Immunol 2022; 13:988416. [PMID: 36119046 PMCID: PMC9478105 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.988416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2022] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Head and neck cancer has high heterogeneity with poor prognosis, and emerging researches have been focusing on the prognostic markers of head and neck cancer. PD-L1 expression is an important basis for strategies of immunosuppressive treatment, but whether it has prognostic value is still controversial. Although meta-analysis on PD-L1 expression versus head and neck cancer prognosis has been performed, the conclusions are controversial. Since PD-L1 and PD-L2 are two receptors for PD-1, here we summarize and analyze the different prognostic values of PD-1, PD-L1, and PD-L2 in head and neck cancer in the context of different cell types, tissue localization and protein forms. We propose that for head and neck cancer, the risk warning value of PD-1/PD-L1 expression in precancerous lesions is worthy of attention, and the prognostic value of PD-L1 expression at different subcellular levels as well as the judgment convenience of prognostic value of PD-1, PD-L1, PD-L2 should be fully considered. The PD-L1 evaluation systems established based on immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) are not fully suitable for the evaluation of PD-L1 prognosis in head and neck cancer. It is necessary to establish a new PD-L1 evaluation system based on the prognosis for further explorations. The prognostic value of PD-L1, PD-L2 expression in head and neck cancer may be different for early-stage and late-stage samples, and further stratification is required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siqing Jiang
- Department of Comprehensive Chemotherapy/Head and Neck Cancer, Hunan Cancer Hospital, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Xin Li
- Department of Pain Management and Anesthesiology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Lihua Huang
- Center for Experimental Medicine, Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Zhensheng Xu
- Department of Oncologic Chemotheraphy, Affiliated Haikou Hospital of Xiangya Medical College, Central South University, Haikou, China
- *Correspondence: Zhensheng Xu, ; Jinguan Lin,
| | - Jinguan Lin
- Department of Comprehensive Chemotherapy/Head and Neck Cancer, Hunan Cancer Hospital, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China
- *Correspondence: Zhensheng Xu, ; Jinguan Lin,
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8
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Nocini R, Vianini M, Girolami I, Calabrese L, Scarpa A, Martini M, Morbini P, Marletta S, Brunelli M, Molteni G, Parwani A, Pantanowitz L, Eccher A. PD-L1 in oral squamous cell carcinoma: A key biomarker from the laboratory to the bedside. Clin Exp Dent Res 2022; 8:690-698. [PMID: 35593124 PMCID: PMC9209791 DOI: 10.1002/cre2.590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2022] [Revised: 04/24/2022] [Accepted: 05/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives and background: Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is a highly malignant disease with an increasing incidence. The need to improve therapeutic strategies for patients affected by OSCC is an urgent challenge. Currently, the advent of immunotherapy represents an important step toward this aim. Programmed cell death‐ligand 1 (PD‐L1), a membrane protein that can be expressed on tumor and inflammatory cells is a key biomarker whose expression is determined by means of immunohistochemistry and is necessary for selecting patients for immunotherapy. Methods: In this study, we review the methods of PD‐L1 assessment and outcomes achieved with immunotherapy in the treatment of OSCC patients. Results: Based on a meta‐analysis we demonstrate a lack of prognostic significance of PD‐L1 in OSCC. Conclusions: We also highlight unresolved issues including difficulties in standardizing PD‐L1 evaluation and discuss future opportunities such as leveraging digital pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riccardo Nocini
- Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery Department, University and Hospital Trust of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Matteo Vianini
- Department of Otolaryngology, Villafranca Hospital, Verona, Italy
| | - Ilaria Girolami
- Division of Pathology, Central Hospital Bolzano, Bolzano, Italy
| | - Luca Calabrese
- Division of Otorhinolaryngology, Central Hospital Bolzano, Bolzano, Italy
| | - Aldo Scarpa
- Department of Diagnostics and Public Health, Section of Pathology, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Maurizio Martini
- Catholic University-Fondazione Policlinico Universitario "A. Gemelli" IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Patrizia Morbini
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Unit of Pathology, University of Pavia and Foundation IRCCS Policlinico S. Matteo, Pavia, Italy
| | - Stefano Marletta
- Department of Diagnostics and Public Health, Section of Pathology, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Matteo Brunelli
- Department of Diagnostics and Public Health, Section of Pathology, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Gabriele Molteni
- Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery Department, University and Hospital Trust of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Anil Parwani
- Department of Pathology, Wexner Medical Center, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Liron Pantanowitz
- Department of Pathology & Clinical Labs, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Albino Eccher
- Department of Pathology and Diagnostics, University and Hospital Trust of Verona, Verona, Italy
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