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Alghauli MA, Alqutaibi AY. 3D-printed intracoronal restorations, occlusal and laminate veneers: Clinical relevance, properties, and behavior compared to milled restorations; a systematic review and meta-analysis. J ESTHET RESTOR DENT 2024; 36:1153-1170. [PMID: 38551205 DOI: 10.1111/jerd.13228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2024] [Revised: 02/11/2024] [Accepted: 03/13/2024] [Indexed: 07/15/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To assess the feasibility of producing 3D-printed intracoronal restorations, thin and ultrathin veneers, and to compare their mechanical behavior, accuracy, biological, and stain susceptibility to the currently applied milled restorations. MATERIALS AND METHODS The databases were comprehensively searched for relevant records up to January 2024 without language restrictions. All studies that assessed 3D-printed partial coverage restorations including inlays, onlays, laminate, and occlusal veneers were retrieved. RESULTS The web search yielded a total of 1142 records, with 8 additional records added from websites at a later stage. Only 17 records were ultimately included in the review. The included records compared 3D-printed; alumina-based- and zirconia ceramics, lithium disilicate ceramics, polymer infiltrated ceramics, polyetheretherketone (PEEK), resin composites, and acrylic resins to their CNC milled analogs. The pooled data indicated that it is possible to produce ultrathin restorations with a thickness of less than 0.2 mm. 3D-printed laminate veneers and intracoronal restorations exhibited superior trueness, as well as better marginal and internal fit compared to milled restorations (p < 0.05). However, it should be noted that the choice of materials and preparation design may influence these outcomes. In terms of cost, the initial investment and production expenses associated with 3D printing were significantly lower than those of CNC milling technology. Additionally, 3D printing was also shown to be more time-efficient. CONCLUSIONS Using additive manufacturing technology to produce restorations with a thickness ranging from 0.1 to 0.2 mm is indeed feasible. The high accuracy of these restorations, contributes to their ability to resist caries progression, surpassing the minimum clinical threshold load of failure by a significant margin and reliable adhesion. However, before 3D-printed resin restorations can be widely adopted for clinical applications, further improvements are needed, particularly in terms of reducing their susceptibility to stains. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE 3D-printed intracoronal restorations and veneers are more time and cost-efficient, more accurate, and could provide a considerable alternative to the currently applied CNC milling. Some limitations still accompany the resin materials, but this could be overcome by further development of the materials and printing technology.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ahmed Yaseen Alqutaibi
- Department of Prosthodontics, College of Dentistry, Ibb University, Ibb, Yemen
- Department of Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Taibah University, Medina, Saudi Arabia
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Branco AC, Santos T, Bessa LJ, Barahona I, Polido M, Colaço R, Serro AP, Figueiredo-Pina CG. Optimized 3D printed zirconia-reinforced leucite with antibacterial coating for dental applications. Dent Mater 2024; 40:629-642. [PMID: 38369404 DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2024.02.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Revised: 01/17/2024] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 02/20/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study aims to produce by robocasting leucite/zirconia pieces with suitable mechanical and tribological performance, convenient aesthetics, and antibacterial properties to be used in dental crown replacement. METHODS Leucite pastes reinforced with 12.5%, 25%, and 37.5% wt. ZrO2 nanoparticles were prepared and used to print samples that after sintering were characterized in terms of density, shrinkage, morphology, porosity, mechanical and tribological properties and translucency. A coating of silver diamine fluoride (SDF) and potassium iodide (KI) was applied over the most promising material. The material's antibacterial activity and cytotoxicity were assessed. RESULTS It was found that the increase of ZrO2 reinforcement up to 25% enhanced both microhardness and fracture toughness of the sintered composite. However, for a superior content of ZrO2, the increase of the porosity negatively affected the mechanical behaviour of the composite. Moreover, the composite with 25% ZrO2 exhibited neglectable wear in chewing simulator tests and induced the lowest wear on the antagonist dental cusps. Although this composite exhibited lower translucency than human teeth, it was three times higher than the ZrO2 glazed material. Coating this composite material with SDF+KI conferred antibacterial properties without inducing cytotoxicity. SIGNIFICANCE Robocasting of leucite reinforced with 25% ZrO2 led to best results. The obtained material revealed superior optical properties and tribomechanical behaviour compared to glazed ZrO2 (that is a common option in dental practice). Moreover, the application of SDF+KI coating impaired S. aureus proliferation, which anticipates its potential benefit for preventing pathogenic bacterial complications associated with prosthetic crown placement.
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Affiliation(s)
- A C Branco
- CQE, Centro de Química Estrutural, Institute of Molecular Sciences, Departamento de Engenharia Química, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal; CDP2T, Centro de Desenvolvimento de Produto e Transferência de Tecnologia, Escola Superior de Tecnologia de Setúbal, Instituto Politécnico de Setúbal, Setúbal, Portugal; CiiEM, Egas Moniz Center for Interdisciplinary Research, Egas Moniz School of Health & Science, Almada, Portugal
| | | | - L J Bessa
- CiiEM, Egas Moniz Center for Interdisciplinary Research, Egas Moniz School of Health & Science, Almada, Portugal
| | - I Barahona
- CiiEM, Egas Moniz Center for Interdisciplinary Research, Egas Moniz School of Health & Science, Almada, Portugal
| | - M Polido
- CiiEM, Egas Moniz Center for Interdisciplinary Research, Egas Moniz School of Health & Science, Almada, Portugal
| | - R Colaço
- IDMEC e Departamento de Engenharia Mecânica, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - A P Serro
- CQE, Centro de Química Estrutural, Institute of Molecular Sciences, Departamento de Engenharia Química, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal; CiiEM, Egas Moniz Center for Interdisciplinary Research, Egas Moniz School of Health & Science, Almada, Portugal.
| | - C G Figueiredo-Pina
- CDP2T, Centro de Desenvolvimento de Produto e Transferência de Tecnologia, Escola Superior de Tecnologia de Setúbal, Instituto Politécnico de Setúbal, Setúbal, Portugal; CiiEM, Egas Moniz Center for Interdisciplinary Research, Egas Moniz School of Health & Science, Almada, Portugal; CeFEMA, Centro de Física e Engenharia de Materiais Avançados, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
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Hajjaj MS, Alamoudi RAA, Babeer WA, Rizg WY, Basalah AA, Alzahrani SJ, Yeslam HE. Flexural strength, flexural modulus and microhardness of milled vs. fused deposition modeling printed Zirconia; effect of conventional vs. speed sintering. BMC Oral Health 2024; 24:38. [PMID: 38185744 PMCID: PMC10771678 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-023-03829-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2023] [Accepted: 12/26/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Various methods can be used for creating zirconia dental restorations, including 3-dimensional (3D) printing and computer-aided design/ computer-aided manufacturing (CAD/CAM) milling. The fused deposition modeling (FDM) printing method for zirconia presents numerous advantages, albeit research on the mechanical properties of these materials and resultant restorations remains scarce. Such developments are undeniably intriguing and warrant further investigation. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the impact of the sintering firing cycle (Conventional vs. Speed sintering) on the flexural strength, flexural modulus, and Vickers Microhardness of milled vs. FDM printed zirconia. METHODS A total of 60 bars (2 × 5 × 27 mm) were fabricated for flexural strength testing, along with 40 discs (12 × 1.5 mm) for Vickers microhardness testing. Half of the specimens underwent conventional sintering, while the other half underwent a speed sintering cycle. The flexural strength and modulus were determined by a three-point bending test in a universal testing machine. The microhardness of the specimens was evaluated using a Vickers microhardness tester. Statistical analysis was performed using a two-way ANOVA test with a post-hoc Tukey test (p < 0.05). RESULTS CAD/CAM milled zirconia had significantly higher flexural strength and modulus than FDM-printed zirconia. The sintering process did not significantly affect the flexural strength or modulus of milled or FDM-printed zirconia. The milled speed sintering group had significantly higher values in the Vickers microhardness test compared to the other groups. CONCLUSIONS The mechanical properties of FDM-printed zirconia specimens were not found to be comparable to those of milled zirconia. Speed sintering cycle may produce milled zirconia restorations with similar flexural strength and modulus to conventional sintering, and even higher Vickers Microhardness values.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maher S Hajjaj
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.
- Advanced Technology Dental Research Laboratory, King Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box 80209, Jeddah, 21589, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Rana A A Alamoudi
- Prosthodontic Master Student, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Rehabilitation, Faculty of Dentistry, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Walaa A Babeer
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Rehabilitation, Faculty of Dentistry, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Waleed Y Rizg
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, 21589, Saudi Arabia
- Center of Innovation in Personalized Medicine (CIPM), 3D Bioprinting Unit, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmad A Basalah
- Mechanical Engineering Department, College of Engineering and Architecture, Umm Al Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Saeed J Alzahrani
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hanin E Yeslam
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
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Dewan H, Sayed ME, Jundus A, Gharawi M, Baeshen S, Alali M, Almarzouki M, Jokhadar HF, AlResayes SS, Al Wadei MHD, Thubab A, Abu Illah MJ, Moafa A. Shear Strength of Repaired 3D-Printed and Milled Provisional Materials Using Different Resin Materials with and without Chemical and Mechanical Surface Treatment. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:4284. [PMID: 37959963 PMCID: PMC10648486 DOI: 10.3390/polym15214284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2023] [Revised: 10/28/2023] [Accepted: 10/29/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to assess the shear bond strength of 3D-printed and milled provisional restorations using various resin materials and surface finishes. There were 160 preliminary samples in all, and they were split into two groups: the milled group and the 3D-printed group. Based on the resin used for repair (composite or polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA)) and the type of surface treatment utilized (chemical or mechanical), each group was further divided into subgroups. The specimens were subjected to thermocycling from 5 °C to 55 °C for up to 5000 thermal cycles with a dwell time of 30 s. The mechanical qualities of the repaired material underwent testing for shear bond strength (SBS). To identify the significant differences between the groups and subgroups, a statistical analysis was carried out. Three-way ANOVA was used to analyze the effects of each independent component (the material and the bonding condition), as well as the interaction between the independent factors on shear bond strength. Tukey multiple post-hoc tests were used to compare the mean results for each material under various bonding circumstances. The shear bond strengths of the various groups and subgroups differed significantly (p < 0.05). When compared to the milled group, the 3D-printed group had a much greater mean shear bond strength. When compared to PMMA repair, the composite resin material showed a noticeably greater shear bond strength. In terms of surface treatments, the samples with mechanical and chemical surface treatments had stronger shear bonds than those that had not received any. The results of this study demonstrate the effect of the fabrication method, resin type, and surface treatment on the shear bond strength of restored provisional restorations. Particularly when made using composite material and given surface treatments, 3D-printed provisional restorations showed exceptional mechanical qualities. These results can help dentists choose the best fabrication methods, resin materials, and surface treatments through which to increase the durability and bond strength of temporary prosthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harisha Dewan
- Department of Prosthetic Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Jazan University, Jazan 45142, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed E. Sayed
- Department of Prosthetic Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Jazan University, Jazan 45142, Saudi Arabia
| | - Asayil Jundus
- College of Dentistry, Jazan University, Jazan 45142, Saudi Arabia; (A.J.); (M.G.); (S.B.); (M.A.); (A.T.); (M.J.A.I.); (A.M.)
| | - Mafaz Gharawi
- College of Dentistry, Jazan University, Jazan 45142, Saudi Arabia; (A.J.); (M.G.); (S.B.); (M.A.); (A.T.); (M.J.A.I.); (A.M.)
| | - Safeyah Baeshen
- College of Dentistry, Jazan University, Jazan 45142, Saudi Arabia; (A.J.); (M.G.); (S.B.); (M.A.); (A.T.); (M.J.A.I.); (A.M.)
| | - Maimonah Alali
- College of Dentistry, Jazan University, Jazan 45142, Saudi Arabia; (A.J.); (M.G.); (S.B.); (M.A.); (A.T.); (M.J.A.I.); (A.M.)
| | - Mai Almarzouki
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Hossam F. Jokhadar
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Saad Saleh AlResayes
- Department of Prosthetic Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, King Saud University, Riyadh 12372, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Mohammed H. D. Al Wadei
- Department of Restorative Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, King Khalid University, Abha 61413, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Abdulaziz Thubab
- College of Dentistry, Jazan University, Jazan 45142, Saudi Arabia; (A.J.); (M.G.); (S.B.); (M.A.); (A.T.); (M.J.A.I.); (A.M.)
| | - Mohammed Jabril Abu Illah
- College of Dentistry, Jazan University, Jazan 45142, Saudi Arabia; (A.J.); (M.G.); (S.B.); (M.A.); (A.T.); (M.J.A.I.); (A.M.)
| | - Alkhansa Moafa
- College of Dentistry, Jazan University, Jazan 45142, Saudi Arabia; (A.J.); (M.G.); (S.B.); (M.A.); (A.T.); (M.J.A.I.); (A.M.)
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