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Özsoylu D, Aliazizi F, Wagner P, Schöning MJ. Template bacteria-free fabrication of surface imprinted polymer-based biosensor for E. coli detection using photolithographic mimics: Hacking bacterial adhesion. Biosens Bioelectron 2024; 261:116491. [PMID: 38879900 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2024.116491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2024] [Revised: 06/05/2024] [Accepted: 06/07/2024] [Indexed: 06/18/2024]
Abstract
As one class of molecular imprinted polymers (MIPs), surface imprinted polymer (SIP)-based biosensors show great potential in direct whole-bacteria detection. Micro-contact imprinting, that involves stamping the template bacteria immobilized on a substrate into a pre-polymerized polymer matrix, is the most straightforward and prominent method to obtain SIP-based biosensors. However, the major drawbacks of the method arise from the requirement for fresh template bacteria and often non-reproducible bacteria distribution on the stamp substrate. Herein, we developed a positive master stamp containing photolithographic mimics of the template bacteria (E. coli) enabling reproducible fabrication of biomimetic SIP-based biosensors without the need for the "real" bacteria cells. By using atomic force and scanning electron microscopy imaging techniques, respectively, the E. coli-capturing ability of the SIP samples was tested, and compared with non-imprinted polymer (NIP)-based samples and control SIP samples, in which the cavity geometry does not match with E. coli cells. It was revealed that the presence of the biomimetic E. coli imprints with a specifically designed geometry increases the sensor E. coli-capturing ability by an "imprinting factor" of about 3. These findings show the importance of geometry-guided physical recognition in bacterial detection using SIP-based biosensors. In addition, this imprinting strategy was employed to interdigitated electrodes and QCM (quartz crystal microbalance) chips. E. coli detection performance of the sensors was demonstrated with electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and QCM measurements with dissipation monitoring technique (QCM-D).
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Affiliation(s)
- Dua Özsoylu
- Institute of Nano- and Biotechnologies (INB), Aachen University of Applied Sciences, Campus Jülich, 52428, Jülich, Germany
| | - Fereshteh Aliazizi
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Laboratory for Soft Matter and Biophysics, KU Leuven, B-3001, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Patrick Wagner
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Laboratory for Soft Matter and Biophysics, KU Leuven, B-3001, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Michael J Schöning
- Institute of Nano- and Biotechnologies (INB), Aachen University of Applied Sciences, Campus Jülich, 52428, Jülich, Germany; Institute of Biological Information Processing (IBI-3), Research Centre Jülich GmbH, 52425, Jülich, Germany.
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2
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Zhu J, Zhao C, Xia B, Wang N, Chen X, Jing X, Chen M, Xu X. An enhanced SPR optical fiber biosensor using Ti 3C 2T x MXene/AuNPs for label-free and sensitive detection of human IgG. NANOSCALE 2024. [PMID: 39264164 DOI: 10.1039/d4nr01883d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/13/2024]
Abstract
Abnormal human immunoglobulin G (IgG) may induce the risk of immune system disorder, infectious diseases, tumors and so on. However, the current detection methods exhibit low sensitivity, which limits their practical application. In this work, an SPR optical fiber sensor (SPR-OFS) with high sensitivity is designed for label-free detection of human IgG. It is fabricated using a heterostructure optical fiber coated with Au film/AuNPs and the Ti3C2Tx MXene biofunctionalized with goat anti-human IgG by polydopamine (PDA). In the experiment, the optimal thickness of the Ti3C2Tx MXene was explored and determined to be about 93 nm by comprehensively considering the refractive index (RI) sensitivity and spectral bandwidth of the SPR sensor. When the largest figure of merit (FOM) is calculated to be 17.8279 RIU-1, its RI sensitivity was ultimately found to be 2804.5 nm per RIU. The SPR-OFS was employed to detect human IgG within the concentration range of 0-30 μg mL-1 and its sensitivity is demonstrated to be 1.7046 nm (μg mL-1)-1. The SPR-OFS was also proved to have excellent linearity, specificity and stability. The proposed sensor offers outstanding performance with simple fabrication, providing a cutting-edge bioanalytical platform with potential applications in clinical diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiayi Zhu
- National Engineering Research Center of Fiber Optic Sensing Technology and Networks, Wuhan, 430070, China.
| | - Chao Zhao
- National Engineering Research Center of Fiber Optic Sensing Technology and Networks, Wuhan, 430070, China.
| | - Binyun Xia
- National Engineering Research Center of Fiber Optic Sensing Technology and Networks, Wuhan, 430070, China.
| | - Ning Wang
- National Engineering Research Center of Fiber Optic Sensing Technology and Networks, Wuhan, 430070, China.
| | - Xi Chen
- Department of Orthopedics Trauma and Microsurgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430071, China.
| | - Xinyue Jing
- National Engineering Research Center of Fiber Optic Sensing Technology and Networks, Wuhan, 430070, China.
| | - Minxuan Chen
- National Engineering Research Center of Fiber Optic Sensing Technology and Networks, Wuhan, 430070, China.
| | - Xinrui Xu
- National Engineering Research Center of Fiber Optic Sensing Technology and Networks, Wuhan, 430070, China.
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3
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Narula K, Rajpal S, Bhakta S, Kulanthaivel S, Mishra P. Rationally designed protein A surface molecularly imprinted magnetic nanoparticles for the capture and detection of Staphylococcus aureus. J Mater Chem B 2024; 12:5699-5710. [PMID: 38757517 DOI: 10.1039/d4tb00392f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2024]
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus), a commensal organism found on the human skin, is commonly associated with nosocomial infections and exhibits virulence mediated by toxins and resistance to antibiotics. The global threat of antibiotic resistance has necessitated antimicrobial stewardship to improve the safe and appropriate use of antimicrobials; hence, there is an urgent demand for the advanced, cost-effective, and rapid detection of specific bacteria. In this regard, we aimed to selectively detect S. aureus using surface molecularly imprinted magnetic nanoparticles templated with a well-known biomarker protein A, specific to S. aureus. Herein, a highly selective surface molecularly imprinted polymeric thin layer was created on ∼250 nm magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) through the immobilization of protein A to aldehyde functionalized MNPs, followed by monomer polymerization and template washing. This study employs the rational selection of monomers based on their computationally predicted binding affinity to protein A at multiple surface residues. The resulting MIPs from rationally selected monomer combinations demonstrated an imprinting factor as high as ∼5. Selectivity studies revealed MIPs with four-fold higher binding capacity (BC) to protein A than other non-target proteins, such as lysozyme and serum albumin. In addition, it showed significant binding to S. aureus, whereas negligible binding to other non-specific Gram-negative, i.e. Escherichia coli (E. coli), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa), and Gram-positive, i.e. Bacillus subtilis (B. subtilis), bacteria. This MIP was employed for the capture and specific detection of fluorescently labeled S. aureus. Quantitative detection was performed using a conventional plate counting technique in a linear detection range of 101-107 bacterial cells. Remarkably, the MIPs also exhibited approximately 100% cell recovery from milk samples spiked with S. aureus (106 CFU mL-1), underscoring its potential as a robust tool for sensitive and accurate bacterial detection in dairy products. The developed MIP exhibiting high affinity and selective binding to protein A finds its potential applications in the magnetic capture and selective detection of protein A as well as S. aureus infections and contaminations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kritika Narula
- Department of Biochemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi, India.
| | - Soumya Rajpal
- Department of Biochemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi, India.
| | - Snehasis Bhakta
- Department of Chemistry, Cooch Behar College, West Bengal, India
| | - Senthilguru Kulanthaivel
- Department of Biochemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi, India.
| | - Prashant Mishra
- Department of Biochemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi, India.
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4
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Guliy OI, Karavaeva OA, Smirnov AV, Eremin SA, Bunin VD. Optical Sensors for Bacterial Detection. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 23:9391. [PMID: 38067765 PMCID: PMC10708710 DOI: 10.3390/s23239391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2023] [Revised: 11/12/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023]
Abstract
Analytical devices for bacterial detection are an integral part of modern laboratory medicine, as they permit the early diagnosis of diseases and their timely treatment. Therefore, special attention is directed to the development of and improvements in monitoring and diagnostic methods, including biosensor-based ones. A promising direction in the development of bacterial detection methods is optical sensor systems based on colorimetric and fluorescence techniques, the surface plasmon resonance, and the measurement of orientational effects. This review shows the detecting capabilities of these systems and the promise of electro-optical analysis for bacterial detection. It also discusses the advantages and disadvantages of optical sensor systems and the prospects for their further improvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga I. Guliy
- Institute of Biochemistry and Physiology of Plants and Microorganisms—Subdivision of the Federal State Budgetary Research Institution Saratov Federal Scientific Centre of the Russian Academy of Sciences (IBPPM RAS), Saratov 410049, Russia;
| | - Olga A. Karavaeva
- Institute of Biochemistry and Physiology of Plants and Microorganisms—Subdivision of the Federal State Budgetary Research Institution Saratov Federal Scientific Centre of the Russian Academy of Sciences (IBPPM RAS), Saratov 410049, Russia;
| | - Andrey V. Smirnov
- Kotelnikov Institute of Radio Engineering and Electronics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 125009, Russia;
| | - Sergei A. Eremin
- Department of Chemistry, M. V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow 119991, Russia;
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Zelikovich D, Dery L, Sagi-Cohen H, Mandler D. Imprinting of nanoparticles in thin films: Quo Vadis? Chem Sci 2023; 14:9630-9650. [PMID: 37736620 PMCID: PMC10510851 DOI: 10.1039/d3sc02178e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 09/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Nanomaterials, and especially nanoparticles, have been introduced to almost any aspect of our lives. This has caused increasing concern as to their toxicity and adverse effects on the environment and human health. The activity of nanoparticles, including their nanotoxicity, is not only a function of the material they are made of but also their size, shape, and surface properties. It is evident that there is an unmet need for simple approaches to the speciation of nanoparticles, namely to monitor and detect them based on their properties. An appealing method for such speciation involves the imprinting of nanoparticles in soft matrices. The principles of imprinting nanoparticles originate from the molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP) approach. This review summarizes the current status of this emerging field, which bridges between the traditional MIP approach and the imprinting of larger entities such as viruses and bacteria. The concepts of nanoparticle imprinting and the requirement of both physical and chemical matching between the nanoparticles and the matrix are discussed and demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Din Zelikovich
- Institute of Chemistry, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem Jerusalem 9190401 Israel
| | - Linoy Dery
- Institute of Chemistry, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem Jerusalem 9190401 Israel
| | - Hila Sagi-Cohen
- Institute of Chemistry, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem Jerusalem 9190401 Israel
| | - Daniel Mandler
- Institute of Chemistry, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem Jerusalem 9190401 Israel
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6
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Idil N, Aslıyüce S, Perçin I, Mattiasson B. Recent Advances in Optical Sensing for the Detection of Microbial Contaminants. MICROMACHINES 2023; 14:1668. [PMID: 37763831 PMCID: PMC10536746 DOI: 10.3390/mi14091668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Revised: 08/14/2023] [Accepted: 08/19/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023]
Abstract
Microbial contaminants are responsible for several infectious diseases, and they have been introduced as important potential food- and water-borne risk factors. They become a global burden due to their health and safety threats. In addition, their tendency to undergo mutations that result in antimicrobial resistance makes them difficult to treat. In this respect, rapid and reliable detection of microbial contaminants carries great significance, and this research area is explored as a rich subject within a dynamic state. Optical sensing serving as analytical devices enables simple usage, low-cost, rapid, and sensitive detection with the advantage of their miniaturization. From the point of view of microbial contaminants, on-site detection plays a crucial role, and portable, easy-applicable, and effective point-of-care (POC) devices offer high specificity and sensitivity. They serve as advanced on-site detection tools and are pioneers in next-generation sensing platforms. In this review, recent trends and advances in optical sensing to detect microbial contaminants were mainly discussed. The most innovative and popular optical sensing approaches were highlighted, and different optical sensing methodologies were explained by emphasizing their advantages and limitations. Consequently, the challenges and future perspectives were considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neslihan Idil
- Department of Biology, Biotechnology Division, Hacettepe University, Ankara 06800, Turkey;
| | - Sevgi Aslıyüce
- Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry Division, Hacettepe University, Ankara 06800, Turkey;
| | - Işık Perçin
- Department of Biology, Molecular Biology Division, Hacettepe University, Ankara 06800, Turkey;
| | - Bo Mattiasson
- Department of Biotechnology, Lund University, 22100 Lund, Sweden
- Indienz AB, Annebergs Gård, 26873 Billeberga, Sweden
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7
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Soares A, Soares JC, dos Santos DM, Migliorini FL, Popolin-Neto M, dos Santos Cinelli Pinto D, Carvalho WA, Brandão HM, Paulovich FV, Correa DS, Oliveira ON, Mattoso LHC. Nanoarchitectonic E-Tongue of Electrospun Zein/Curcumin Carbon Dots for Detecting Staphylococcus aureusin Milk. ACS OMEGA 2023; 8:13721-13732. [PMID: 37091421 PMCID: PMC10116536 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c07944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2022] [Accepted: 03/22/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
We report a nanoarchitectonic electronic tongue made with flexible electrodes coated with curcumin carbon dots and zein electrospun nanofibers, which could detect Staphylococcus aureus(S. aureus) in milk using electrical impedance spectroscopy. Electronic tongues are based on the global selectivity concept in which the electrical responses of distinct sensing units are combined to provide a unique pattern, which in this case allowed the detection of S. aureus through non-specific interactions. The electronic tongue used here comprised 3 sensors with electrodes coated with zein nanofibers, carbon dots, and carbon dots with zein nanofibers. The capacitance data obtained with the three sensors were processed with a multidimensional projection technique referred to as interactive document mapping (IDMAP) and analyzed using the machine learning-based concept of multidimensional calibration space (MCS). The concentration of S. aureus could be determined with the sensing units, especially with the one containing zein as the limit of detection was 0.83 CFU/mL (CFU stands for colony-forming unit). This high sensitivity is attributed to molecular-level interactions between the protein zein and C-H groups in S. aureus according to polarization-modulated infrared reflection-absorption spectroscopy (PM-IRRAS) data. Using machine learning and IDMAP, we demonstrated the selectivity of the electronic tongue in distinguishing milk samples from mastitis-infected cows from milk collected from healthy cows, and from milk spiked with possible interferents. Calibration of the electronic tongue can also be reached with the MCS concept employing decision tree algorithms, with an 80.1% accuracy in the diagnosis of mastitis. The low-cost electronic tongue presented here may be exploited in diagnosing mastitis at early stages, with tests performed in the farms without requiring specialized laboratories or personnel.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrey
Coatrini Soares
- Nanotechnology
National Laboratory for Agriculture (LNNA), Embrapa Instrumentação, São Carlos 13560-970, Brazil
| | - Juliana Coatrini Soares
- São
Carlos Institute of Physics (IFSC), University
of São Paulo (USP), São Carlos 13566-590, Brazil
| | - Danilo Martins dos Santos
- Nanotechnology
National Laboratory for Agriculture (LNNA), Embrapa Instrumentação, São Carlos 13560-970, Brazil
| | - Fernanda L. Migliorini
- Nanotechnology
National Laboratory for Agriculture (LNNA), Embrapa Instrumentação, São Carlos 13560-970, Brazil
| | | | - Danielle dos Santos Cinelli Pinto
- Embrapa
Gado de Leite CEP, Juiz de Fora 3603-330, Brazil
- Programa
de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Veterinárias, Federal University of Lavras (UFLA), Lavras 37200-900, Brazil
| | | | - Humberto Mello Brandão
- Embrapa
Gado de Leite CEP, Juiz de Fora 3603-330, Brazil
- Programa
de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Veterinárias, Federal University of Lavras (UFLA), Lavras 37200-900, Brazil
| | - Fernando Vieira Paulovich
- Department
of Mathematics and Computer Science, Eindhoven
University of Technology (TU/e), Eindhoven 5600 MB, the Netherlands
| | - Daniel Souza Correa
- Nanotechnology
National Laboratory for Agriculture (LNNA), Embrapa Instrumentação, São Carlos 13560-970, Brazil
| | - Osvaldo N. Oliveira
- São
Carlos Institute of Physics (IFSC), University
of São Paulo (USP), São Carlos 13566-590, Brazil
| | - Luiz Henrique Capparelli Mattoso
- Nanotechnology
National Laboratory for Agriculture (LNNA), Embrapa Instrumentação, São Carlos 13560-970, Brazil
- luiz.mattoso@embrapa,br
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8
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Huynh CM, Arribas Díez I, Thi HKL, Jensen ON, Sellergren B, Irgum K. Terminally Phosphorylated Triblock Polyethers Acting Both as Templates and Pore-Forming Agents for Surface Molecular Imprinting of Monoliths Targeting Phosphopeptides. ACS OMEGA 2023; 8:8791-8803. [PMID: 36910939 PMCID: PMC9996590 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c00007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2023] [Accepted: 02/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The novel process reported here described the manufacture of monolithic molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs) using a terminally functionalized block copolymer as the imprinting template and pore-forming agent. The MIPs were prepared through a step-growth polymerization process using a melamine-formaldehyde precondensate in a biphasic solvent system. Despite having a relatively low imprinting factor, the use of MIP monolith in liquid chromatography demonstrated the ability to selectively target desired analytes. An MIP capillary column was able to separate monophosphorylated peptides from a tryptic digest of bovine serum albumin. Multivariate data analysis and modeling of the phosphorylated and nonphosphorylated peptide retention times revealed that the number of phosphorylations was the strongest retention contributor for peptide retention on the monolithic MIP capillary column.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chau Minh Huynh
- Department
of Chemistry, Umeå University, S-901 87 Umeå, Sweden
| | - Ignacio Arribas Díez
- Department
of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology and VILLUM Center for Bioanalytical
Sciences, University of Southern Denmark, Campusvej 55, DK-5230 Odense M, Denmark
| | - Hien Kim Le Thi
- Department
of Chemistry, Umeå University, S-901 87 Umeå, Sweden
| | - Ole N. Jensen
- Department
of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology and VILLUM Center for Bioanalytical
Sciences, University of Southern Denmark, Campusvej 55, DK-5230 Odense M, Denmark
| | - Börje Sellergren
- Faculty
of Health and Society, Department of Biomedical Science, Malmö University, S-205 06 Malmö, Sweden
| | - Knut Irgum
- Department
of Chemistry, Umeå University, S-901 87 Umeå, Sweden
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Bakhshpour-Yucel M, Gür SD, Seymour E, Aslan M, Lortlar Ünlü N, Ünlü MS. Highly-Sensitive, Label-Free Detection of Microorganisms and Viruses via Interferometric Reflectance Imaging Sensor. MICROMACHINES 2023; 14:281. [PMID: 36837980 PMCID: PMC9960798 DOI: 10.3390/mi14020281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Revised: 01/08/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Pathogenic microorganisms and viruses can easily transfer from one host to another and cause disease in humans. The determination of these pathogens in a time- and cost-effective way is an extreme challenge for researchers. Rapid and label-free detection of pathogenic microorganisms and viruses is critical in ensuring rapid and appropriate treatment. Sensor technologies have shown considerable advancements in viral diagnostics, demonstrating their great potential for being fast and sensitive detection platforms. In this review, we present a summary of the use of an interferometric reflectance imaging sensor (IRIS) for the detection of microorganisms. We highlight low magnification modality of IRIS as an ensemble biomolecular mass measurement technique and high magnification modality for the digital detection of individual nanoparticles and viruses. We discuss the two different modalities of IRIS and their applications in the sensitive detection of microorganisms and viruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monireh Bakhshpour-Yucel
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Photonics Center, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215, USA
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Art, Bursa Uludag University, Bursa 16059, Turkey
| | - Sinem Diken Gür
- Department of Biotechnology, Hacettepe University, Ankara 06800, Turkey
| | - Elif Seymour
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, ON M5G 1X5, Canada
| | - Mete Aslan
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Photonics Center, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Nese Lortlar Ünlü
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Photonics Center, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - M. Selim Ünlü
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Photonics Center, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Photonics Center, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215, USA
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10
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Zhang J, Fan Y, Li J, Huang B, Wen H, Ren J. Cascade signal enhancement by integrating DNA walking and RCA reaction-assisted "silver-link" crossing electrode for ultrasensitive electrochemical detection of Staphylococcus aureus. Biosens Bioelectron 2022; 217:114716. [PMID: 36126557 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2022.114716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2022] [Revised: 08/28/2022] [Accepted: 09/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The key factor to control the incidence rate of diseases caused by bacteria is rapid detection and early diagnosis. Herein, we proposed a new electrochemical bacterial sensor by coupling DNA walking and rolling circle amplification (RCA) reaction-assisted "silver-link" crossing electrode. Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) was detected using this proof-of concept strategy. Aptamer/DNA walker and auxiliary sequence (AS)/RCA reaction probe (RP) duplexes were modified on the electrode surface. The binding of S. aureus with its aptamer caused the disintegration of aptamer/DNA walker and released DNA walker. With the help of Exo III, DNA walker moved along the electrode surface and AS in AS/RP duplex was continuously digested to release RP. By introducing phi29 DNA polymerase, RCA reaction was performed using RP as the reaction primer to form long single-strand RCA extension products between the electrodes. The "silver-link" crossing electrode was formed by metallization of "gene-link", significant conductivity was thus acquired for bacteria detection. The limit of detection (LOD) was 10 CFU/mL and detection time was 2 h. The proposed sensor has high efficiency, good stability and low background signal, human serum and milk samples were successfully detected, which emerged a promising potential in the food monitoring and clinical diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jialin Zhang
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Materials Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangxi University of Science and Technology, Ganzhou, 341000, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, PR China.
| | - Yaqi Fan
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Materials Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangxi University of Science and Technology, Ganzhou, 341000, PR China
| | - Jinhui Li
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Materials Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangxi University of Science and Technology, Ganzhou, 341000, PR China
| | - Bin Huang
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Materials Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangxi University of Science and Technology, Ganzhou, 341000, PR China
| | - Herui Wen
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Materials Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangxi University of Science and Technology, Ganzhou, 341000, PR China
| | - Jiali Ren
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Forestry Edible Resources Safety and Processing, Changsha, 410004, PR China.
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11
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Factors Affecting Preparation of Molecularly Imprinted Polymer and Methods on Finding Template-Monomer Interaction as the Key of Selective Properties of the Materials. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26185612. [PMID: 34577083 PMCID: PMC8470890 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26185612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2021] [Revised: 09/14/2021] [Accepted: 09/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Molecular imprinting is a technique for creating artificial recognition sites on polymer matrices that complement the template in terms of size, shape, and spatial arrangement of functional groups. The main advantage of Molecularly Imprinted Polymers (MIP) as the polymer for use with a molecular imprinting technique is that they have high selectivity and affinity for the target molecules used in the molding process. The components of a Molecularly Imprinted Polymer are template, functional monomer, cross-linker, solvent, and initiator. Many things determine the success of a Molecularly Imprinted Polymer, but the Molecularly Imprinted Polymer component and the interaction between template-monomers are the most critical factors. This review will discuss how to find the interaction between template and monomer in Molecularly Imprinted Polymer before polymerization and after polymerization and choose the suitable component for MIP development. Computer simulation, UV-Vis spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), Proton-Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (1H-NMR) are generally used to determine the type and strength of intermolecular interaction on pre-polymerization stage. In turn, Suspended State Saturation Transfer Difference High Resolution/Magic Angle Spinning (STD HR/MAS) NMR, Raman Spectroscopy, and Surface-Enhanced Raman Scattering (SERS) and Fluorescence Spectroscopy are used to detect chemical interaction after polymerization. Hydrogen bonding is the type of interaction that is becoming a focus to find on all methods as this interaction strongly contributes to the affinity of molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs).
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