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Zuliska S, Maksum IP, Einaga Y, Kadja GTM, Irkham I. Advances in electrochemical biosensors employing carbon-based electrodes for detection of biomarkers in diabetes mellitus. ADMET AND DMPK 2024; 12:487-527. [PMID: 39091901 PMCID: PMC11289508 DOI: 10.5599/admet.2361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2024] [Revised: 07/07/2024] [Indexed: 08/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Background and purpose The increase in diabetes cases has become a major concern in the healthcare sector, necessitating the development of efficient and minimal diagnostic methods. This study aims to provide a comprehensive examination of electrochemical biosensors for detecting diabetes mellitus biomarkers, with a special focus on the utilization of carbon-based electrodes. Review approach A detailed analysis of electrochemical biosensors incorporating various carbon electrodes, including screen-printed carbon electrodes, glassy carbon electrodes, and carbon paste electrodes, is presented. The advantages of carbon-based electrodes in biosensor design are highlighted. The review covers the detection of several key diabetes biomarkers, such as glucose, glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), glycated human serum albumin (GHSA), insulin, and novel biomarkers. Key results Recent developments in electrochemical biosensor technology over the last decade are summarized, emphasizing their potential in clinical applications, particularly in point-of-care settings. The utilization of carbon-based electrodes in biosensors is shown to offer significant advantages, including enhanced sensitivity, selectivity, and cost-effectiveness. Conclusion This review underscores the importance of carbon-based electrodes in the design of electrochemical biosensors and raises awareness for the detection of novel biomarkers for more specific and personalized diabetes mellitus cases. The advancements in this field highlight the potential of these biosensors in future clinical applications, especially in point-of-care diagnostics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Serly Zuliska
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Padjadjaran University, Bandung 40173, Indonesia
| | - Iman Permana Maksum
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Padjadjaran University, Bandung 40173, Indonesia
| | - Yasuaki Einaga
- Department of Chemistry, Keio University, 3-14-1 Hiyoshi, Yokohama, 223-8522, Japan
| | - Grandprix Thomreys Marth Kadja
- Division of Inorganic and Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Institut Teknologi Bandung, Jl. Ganesha no. 10, Bandung 40132, Indonesia
- Research Center for Nanosciences and Nanotechnology, Institut Teknologi Bandung, Jl. Ganesha no. 10, Bandung 40132, Indonesia
| | - Irkham Irkham
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Padjadjaran University, Bandung 40173, Indonesia
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2
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Sunayama H, Cheubong C, Takano E, Takeuchi T. Facile biotic/abiotic sandwich detection system for the highly sensitive detection of human serum albumin and glycated albumin. Anal Bioanal Chem 2024:10.1007/s00216-024-05403-9. [PMID: 39008069 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-024-05403-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2024] [Revised: 05/18/2024] [Accepted: 06/03/2024] [Indexed: 07/16/2024]
Abstract
Quantifying glycated albumin (GA) levels in the blood is crucial for diagnosing diabetes because they strongly correlate with blood glucose concentration. In this study, a biotic/abiotic sandwich assay was developed for the facile, rapid, and susceptible detection of human serum albumin (HSA) and GA. The proposed sandwich detection system was assembled using a combination of two synthetic polymer receptors and natural antibodies. Molecularly imprinted polymer nanogels (MIP-NGs) for HSA (HSA-MIP-NGs) were used to mimic capture antibodies, whereas antibodies for HSA or GA were used as primary antibodies and fluorescent signaling MIP-NGs for the Fc domain of IgG (F-Fc-MIP-NGs) were used as a secondary antibody mimic to indicate the binding events. The HSA/anti-HSA/F-Fc-MIP-NGs complex, formed by incubating HSA and anti-HSA antibodies with F-Fc-MIP-NGs, was captured by HSA-MIP-NGs immobilized on the chips for fluorescence measurements. The analysis time was less than 30 min, and the limit of detection was 15 pM. After changing the anti-HSA to anti-GA (monoclonal antibody), the fluorescence response toward GA exceeded that of HSA, indicating successful GA detection using the proposed sandwich detection system. Therefore, the proposed system could change the detection property by changing a primary antibody, indicating that this system can be applied to various target proteins and, especially, be a powerful approach for facile and rapid analysis methods for proteins with structural similarity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hirobumi Sunayama
- Graduate School of Engineering, Kobe University, 1-1, Rokkodai-Cho, Nada-Ku, Kobe, 657-8501, Japan.
| | - Chehasan Cheubong
- Graduate School of Engineering, Kobe University, 1-1, Rokkodai-Cho, Nada-Ku, Kobe, 657-8501, Japan
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, Rajamangala University of Technology Thanyaburi, Klong Luang, Khlong Hok, 12110, Pathum Thani, Thailand
| | - Eri Takano
- TearExo Inc., 1-1, Rokkodai-Cho, Nada-Ku, Kobe, 657-8501, Japan
| | - Toshifumi Takeuchi
- Innovation and Commercialization Division, Kobe University, 1-1, Rokkodai-Cho, Nada-Ku, Kobe, 657-8501, Japan.
- Center for Advanced Medical Engineering Research & Development (CAMED), Kobe University, 1-5-1, Minatojima-minamimachi, Chuo-Ku, Kobe, 650-0047, Japan.
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Hatada M, Pavlidis S, Sode K. Development of a glycated albumin sensor employing dual aptamer-based extended gate field effect transistors. Biosens Bioelectron 2024; 251:116118. [PMID: 38382273 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2024.116118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2023] [Revised: 02/05/2024] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 02/23/2024]
Abstract
Glycated albumin (GA), defined as the percentage of serum albumin glycation, is a mid-term glycemic control marker for diabetes. The concentrations of both glycated human serum albumin (GHSA) and total human serum albumin (HSA) are required to calculate GA. Here, we report the development of a GA sensor employing two albumin aptamers: anti-GHSA aptamer which is specific to GHSA and anti-HSA aptamer which recognizes both glycated and non-glycated HSA. We combine these aptamers with extended gate field effect transistors (EGFETs) to realize GA monitoring without the need to pretreat serum samples, and therefore suitable for point of care and home-testing applications. Using anti-GHSA aptamer-immobilized electrodes and EGFETs, we measured GHSA concentrations between 0.1-10 μM within 20 min. The sensor was able to measure GHSA concentration in the presence of BSA for a range of known GA levels (5-29%). With anti-HSA aptamer-immobilized electrodes and EGFETs, we measured total HSA concentrations from 1-17 μM. Furthermore, GHSA and total HSA concentrations of both healthy and diabetic-level samples were determined with GHSA and HSA sensors. The measured GHSA and total HSA concentrations in three samples were used to determine respective GA percentages, and our calculations agreed with GA levels determined by reference methods. Thus, we developed simple and rapid dual aptamer-based EGFET sensors to monitor GA through measuring GHSA and total HSA concentration, without the need for sample pretreatment, a mandatory step in the current standard of enzymatic GA monitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mika Hatada
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill and North Carolina State University, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Spyridon Pavlidis
- Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27606, USA
| | - Koji Sode
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill and North Carolina State University, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA.
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Olanrewaju OA, Sheeba F, Kumar A, Ahmad S, Blank N, Kumari R, Kumari K, Salame T, Khalid A, Yousef N, Varrassi G, Khatri M, Kumar S, Mohamad T. Novel Therapies in Diabetes: A Comprehensive Narrative Review of GLP-1 Receptor Agonists, SGLT2 Inhibitors, and Beyond. Cureus 2023; 15:e51151. [PMID: 38283440 PMCID: PMC10811430 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.51151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2023] [Accepted: 12/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/30/2024] Open
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus, a widespread metabolic illness with increasing global occurrence, continues to have a significant impact on public health. Diabetes is a condition marked by long-term high blood sugar levels. It is caused by a combination of genetic, environmental, and lifestyle factors, which lead to problems with insulin production and insulin resistance. This dysfunctional state disturbs the delicate balance of glucose regulation, promoting the emergence of problems in both large and small blood vessels that have a substantial impact on illness and death rates. Traditional therapy methods have traditionally given more importance to managing blood sugar levels by using insulin sensitizers, secretagogues, and other medications that lower glucose levels. Advancements in our understanding of the underlying mechanisms of diabetes have led to a significant change in approach, focusing on comprehensive therapies that target not only high blood sugar levels but also the accompanying dangers to the heart and kidneys. This study examines the evolving field of diabetes therapies, explicitly highlighting the significance of GLP-1 receptor agonists and SGLT2 inhibitors. These two types of drugs have become essential components in modern diabetes management. GLP-1 receptor agonists replicate the effects of natural glucagon-like peptide-1, leading to insulin production that is reliant on glucose levels, reducing the release of glucagon, and providing cardiovascular advantages that go beyond controlling blood sugar levels. SGLT2 inhibitors, however, act on the process of renal glucose reabsorption, leading to increased excretion of glucose in the urine and showing significant benefits for cardiovascular and renal protection. This extensive investigation seeks to contribute to the ongoing discourse on diabetes therapies by synthesizing existing research. This review aims to provide clinicians, researchers, and policymakers with a comprehensive understanding of the disease background and the specific pharmacological details of GLP-1 receptor agonists, SGLT2 inhibitors, and other related treatments. The goal is to assist them in developing more effective and personalized strategies to tackle the complex challenges presented by diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olusegun A Olanrewaju
- Pure and Applied Biology, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Ogbomoso, NGA
- General Medicine, Stavropol State Medical University, Stavropol, RUS
| | - Fnu Sheeba
- Medicine, Dow University of Health Sciences, Karachi, PAK
| | - Avinash Kumar
- Medicine, Bahria University Medical and Dental College, Karachi, PAK
| | - Saad Ahmad
- Medicine, Shalamar Medical and Dental College, Lahore, PAK
| | - Narendar Blank
- Internal Medicine, Liaquat University of Medical and Health Sciences, Hyderabad, PAK
| | - Reema Kumari
- Medicine, Jinnah Postgraduate Medical Centre, Karachi, PAK
| | - Komal Kumari
- Medicine, New Medical Centre Royal Family Medical Centre, Abu Dhabi, ARE
| | - Tamara Salame
- Biological Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, USA
| | - Ayesha Khalid
- Medicine, Fatima Memorial College of Medicine and Dentistry, Lahore, PAK
| | - Nazdar Yousef
- Medicine, University of Kalamoon, Deir Atiyah An-Nabek, SYR
| | | | - Mahima Khatri
- Internal Medicine/Cardiology, Dow University of Health Sciences, Civil Hospital Karachi, Karachi, PAK
| | - Satish Kumar
- Medicine, Shaheed Mohtarma Benazir Bhutto Medical College, Karachi, PAK
| | - Tamam Mohamad
- Cardiovascular Medicine, Wayne State University, Detroit, USA
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Sugandh F, Chandio M, Raveena F, Kumar L, Karishma F, Khuwaja S, Memon UA, Bai K, Kashif M, Varrassi G, Khatri M, Kumar S. Advances in the Management of Diabetes Mellitus: A Focus on Personalized Medicine. Cureus 2023; 15:e43697. [PMID: 37724233 PMCID: PMC10505357 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.43697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Accepted: 08/17/2023] [Indexed: 09/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus poses a substantial global health challenge, necessitating innovative approaches to improve patient outcomes. Conventional one-size-fits-all treatment strategies have shown limitations in addressing the diverse nature of the disease. In recent years, personalized medicine has emerged as a transformative solution, tailoring treatment plans based on individual genetic makeup, lifestyle factors, and health characteristics. This review highlights the role of genetic screening in predicting diabetes susceptibility and response to treatment, as well as the potential of pharmacogenomics in optimizing medication choices. Moreover, it discusses the incorporation of lifestyle modifications and behavioral interventions to empower patients in their health journey. Telemedicine and remote patient monitoring are also examined for their role in enhancing accessibility and adherence. Ethical considerations and challenges in implementing personalized medicine are addressed. The review envisions a future where personalized medicine becomes a cornerstone in diabetes management, ensuring improved patient outcomes and fostering more effective and patient-centric care on a global scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fnu Sugandh
- Medicine, Ghulam Muhammad Mahar Medical College, Sukkur, PAK
- Medicine, Civil Hospital Karachi, Karachi, PAK
| | - Maria Chandio
- Medicine, Liaquat University of Medical and Health Sciences, Jamshoro, PAK
| | - Fnu Raveena
- Medicine, Ghulam Muhammad Mahar Medical College, Sukkur, PAK
| | - Lakshya Kumar
- General Medicine, Pandit Deendayal Upadhyay Medical College, Rajkot, IND
| | - Fnu Karishma
- Medical School, Jinnah Sindh Medical University, Karachi, PAK
| | - Sundal Khuwaja
- Medicine, Liaquat University of Medical and Health Sciences, Jamshoro, PAK
| | - Unaib Ahmed Memon
- Neurology, Internal Medicine, Liaquat University of Medical and Health Sciences, Jamshoro, PAK
| | - Karoona Bai
- Internal Medicine, Dow University of Health Sciences, Civil Hospital Karachi, Karachi, PAK
| | - Maham Kashif
- Medicine, Khawaja Muhammad Safdar Medical College, Sialkot, PAK
| | | | - Mahima Khatri
- Medicine and Surgery, Dow University of Health Sciences, Karachi, PAK
| | - Satesh Kumar
- Medicine and Surgery, Shaheed Mohtarma Benazir Bhutto Medical College, Karachi, PAK
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Jyotsna F, Ahmed A, Kumar K, Kaur P, Chaudhary MH, Kumar S, Khan E, Khanam B, Shah SU, Varrassi G, Khatri M, Kumar S, Kakadiya KA. Exploring the Complex Connection Between Diabetes and Cardiovascular Disease: Analyzing Approaches to Mitigate Cardiovascular Risk in Patients With Diabetes. Cureus 2023; 15:e43882. [PMID: 37746454 PMCID: PMC10511351 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.43882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the primary cause of morbidity and mortality in individuals diagnosed with diabetes mellitus. This narrative review offers a comprehensive examination of the complex correlation between diabetes and cardiovascular complications. The objective of this review is to analyze the most recent evidence on preventive measures and treatment options for mitigating cardiovascular risk in patients with diabetes, by synthesizing existing literature. Insulin resistance plays a crucial role in connecting diabetes and CVD, leading to the development of dyslipidemia and atherogenesis. As a result, the risk of cardiovascular events in individuals with diabetes is significantly elevated. Moreover, the presence of hyperglycemia-induced oxidative stress and inflammation serves to intensify endothelial dysfunction and vascular damage, thereby exacerbating the risk of cardiovascular complications. The interaction between diabetes and CVD frequently speeds up the development of atherosclerotic plaque, making the plaque more prone to rupture. This can lead to severe cardiovascular events such as myocardial infarction and stroke. It is crucial to comprehend the intricate relationship between diabetes and CVD in order to formulate effective strategies aimed at enhancing patient outcomes and mitigating the burden associated with these interconnected chronic conditions. Healthcare practitioners can enhance the quality of life and reduce mortality rates associated with CVD in diabetic patients by thoroughly examining evidence-based preventive measures and treatment options. This approach allows them to make informed decisions when managing cardiovascular risk. In summary, this narrative review provides a valuable resource for healthcare professionals and researchers, presenting a comprehensive analysis of the complex relationship between diabetes and CVD. By providing a comprehensive analysis of the latest evidence and elucidating the underlying mechanisms, this review seeks to establish a foundation for the development of innovative strategies in diabetes management. These strategies have the potential to significantly improve cardiovascular outcomes and enhance overall patient care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fnu Jyotsna
- Medicine, Dr. B. R. Ambedkar Medical College & Hospital, Mohali, IND
| | - Areeba Ahmed
- Medicine, Fatima Jinnah Medical University, Lahore, PAK
| | - Kamal Kumar
- Medicine, Chandka Medical College, Larkana, PAK
| | - Paramjeet Kaur
- Internal Medicine, Guru Gobind Singh Medical College, Faridkot, IND
| | | | - Sagar Kumar
- Medicine, Chandka Medical College, Larkana, PAK
| | - Ejaz Khan
- Dermatology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, New Delhi, IND
| | - Bushra Khanam
- Internal Medicine, National Tuberculosis Control Center, Kathmandu, NPL
| | | | | | - Mahima Khatri
- Medicine and Surgery, Dow University of Health Sciences, Karachi, PAK
| | - Satesh Kumar
- Medicine and Surgery, Shaheed Mohtarma Benazir Bhutto Medical College, Karachi, PAK
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7
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Fragão-Marques M, Ozben T. Digital transformation and sustainability in healthcare and clinical laboratories. Clin Chem Lab Med 2023; 61:627-633. [PMID: 36473150 DOI: 10.1515/cclm-2022-1092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Healthcare, and in particular, clinical laboratories, are major contributors to carbon emissions and waste. Sustainability in healthcare has shifted from an environmental concern towards a holistic definition that includes balancing socio-ecological and socio-technical systems, including health services effectiveness and cost efficiency. Digital transformation can reduce waste and the cost of services by enhancing effectiveness while maintaining quality. Digital health interventions can provide personalized patient-centered care on a global scale and include decision support systems that have the potential to improve the performance and quality of healthcare. The right interfaces must be used so that the advantages of going digital are felt throughout the health system: a successful and sustainable implementation of digital innovation depends on its integration into a functional health ecosystem. Telehealth has the potential to reduce carbon emissions due to the reduced daily commute of health professionals, although research is limited. Recently, economic models have changed from the linear "take-make-dispose" to circular models based on recycling and upcycling that have the goal of keeping products, components, and materials at their highest utility and value. The previous linear models threaten human health and well-being and harm natural ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana Fragão-Marques
- Faculty of Medicine of the University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.,UnIC@RISE, Department of Surgery and Physiology, Faculty of Medicine of the University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.,São João University Hospital Center, Porto, Portugal
| | - Tomris Ozben
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Medical Faculty, Akdeniz University, Antalya, Turkiye.,Medical Faculty, Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
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Chuang HS. Editorial: Advanced Biosensing Technologies in Medical Applications. BIOSENSORS 2022; 13:11. [PMID: 36671846 PMCID: PMC9855838 DOI: 10.3390/bios13010011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The unprecedented pandemic over the past three years has accelerated the developments of many cutting-edge techniques to address the challenges raised in new medical frontiers [...].
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Affiliation(s)
- Han-Sheng Chuang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan;
- Medical Device Innovation Center, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan
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