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Abesekara MS, Chau Y. Recent advances in surface modification of micro- and nano-scale biomaterials with biological membranes and biomolecules. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2022; 10:972790. [PMID: 36312538 PMCID: PMC9597319 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2022.972790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Surface modification of biomaterial can improve its biocompatibility and add new biofunctions, such as targeting specific tissues, communication with cells, and modulation of intracellular trafficking. Here, we summarize the use of various natural materials, namely, cell membrane, exosomes, proteins, peptides, lipids, fatty acids, and polysaccharides as coating materials on micron- and nano-sized particles and droplets with the functions imparted by coating with different materials. We discuss the applicability, operational parameters, and limitation of different coating techniques, from the more conventional approaches such as extrusion and sonication to the latest innovation seen on the microfluidics platform. Methods commonly used in the field to examine the coating, including its composition, physical dimension, stability, fluidity, permeability, and biological functions, are reviewed.
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Mescola A, Ragazzini G, Facci P, Alessandrini A. The potential of AFM in studying the role of the nanoscale amphipathic nature of (lipo)-peptides interacting with lipid bilayers. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2022; 33:432001. [PMID: 35830770 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/ac80c9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Accepted: 07/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) and lipopeptides (LPs) represent very promising molecules to fight resistant bacterial infections due to their broad-spectrum of activity, their first target, i.e. the bacterial membrane, and the rapid bactericidal action. For both types of molecules, the action mechanism starts from the membrane of the pathogen agents, producing a disorganization of their phase structure or the formation of pores of different size altering their permeability. This mechanism of action is based on physical interactions more than on a lock-and-key recognition event and it is difficult for the pathogens to rapidly develop an effective resistance. Very small differences in the sequence of both AMPs and LPs might lead to very different effects on the target membrane. Therefore, a correct understanding of their mechanism of action is required with the aim of developing new synthetic peptides, analogues of the natural ones, with specific and more powerful bactericidal activity. Atomic force microscopy (AFM), with its high resolution and the associated force spectroscopy resource, provides a valuable technique to investigate the reorganization of lipid bilayers exposed to antimicrobial or lipopeptides. Here, we present AFM results obtained by ours and other groups on the action of AMPs and LPs on supported lipid bilayers (SLBs) of different composition. We also consider data obtained by fluorescence microscopy to compare the AFM data with another technique which can be used on different lipid bilayer model systems such as SLBs and giant unilamellar vesicles. The outcomes here presented highlight the powerful of AFM-based techniques in detecting nanoscale peptide-membrane interactions and strengthen their use as an exceptional complementary tool toin vivoinvestigations. Indeed, the combination of these approaches can help decipher the mechanisms of action of different antimicrobials and lipopeptides at both the micro and nanoscale levels, and to design new and more efficient antimicrobial compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Mescola
- CNR-Nanoscience Institute-S3, Via Campi 213/A, I-41125, Modena, Italy
| | - Gregorio Ragazzini
- Department of Physics, Informatics and Mathematics, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Via Campi 213/A, I-41125, Modena, Italy
| | - Paolo Facci
- CNR-Ibf, Via De Marini 6, I-16149, Genova, Italy
| | - Andrea Alessandrini
- CNR-Nanoscience Institute-S3, Via Campi 213/A, I-41125, Modena, Italy
- Department of Physics, Informatics and Mathematics, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Via Campi 213/A, I-41125, Modena, Italy
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Structure, Formation, and Biological Interactions of Supported Lipid Bilayers (SLB) Incorporating Lipopolysaccharide. COATINGS 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/coatings10100981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Biomimetic membrane systems play a crucial role in the field of biosensor engineering. Over the years, significant progress has been achieved creating artificial membranes by various strategies from vesicle fusion to Langmuir transfer approaches to meet an ever-growing demand for supported lipid bilayers on various substrates such as glass, mica, gold, polymer cushions, and many more. This paper reviews the diversity seen in the preparation of biologically relevant model lipid membranes which includes monolayers and bilayers of phospholipid and other crucial components such as proteins, characterization techniques, changes in the physical properties of the membranes during molecular interactions and the dynamics of the lipid membrane with biologically active molecules with special emphasis on lipopolysaccharides (LPS).
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Zhang XY, Li ZY, Zhang Y, Zang XQ, Ueno K, Misawa H, Sun K. Bacterial Concentration Detection using a PCB-based Contactless Conductivity Sensor. MICROMACHINES 2019; 10:E55. [PMID: 30646622 PMCID: PMC6356519 DOI: 10.3390/mi10010055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2018] [Revised: 01/10/2019] [Accepted: 01/10/2019] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Capacitively coupled contactless conductivity detection (C⁴D) is an improved approach to avoid the problems of labor-intensive, time-consuming and insufficient accuracy of plate count as well as the high-cost apparatus of flow cytometry (FCM) in bacterial counting. This article describes a novel electrode-integrated printed-circuit-board (PCB)-based C⁴D device, which supports the simple and safe exchange of capillaries and improves the sensitivity and repeatability of the contactless detection. Furthermore, no syringe pump is needed in the detection, it reduces the system size, and, more importantly, avoids the effect on the bacteria due to high pressure. The recovered bacteria after C⁴D detection at excitation of 25 Vpp and 60⁻120 kHz were analyzed by flow cytometry, and a survival rate higher than 96% was given. It was verified that C⁴D detection did not influence the bacterial viability. Moreover, bacteria concentrations from 10⁶ cells/mL to 10⁸ cells/mL were measured in a linear range, and relative standard deviation (RSD) is below 0.2%. In addition, the effects on bacteria and C⁴D from background solutions were discussed. In contrast to common methods used in most laboratories, this method may provide a simple solution to in situ detection of bacterial cultures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Yan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China.
| | - Zhe-Yu Li
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China.
| | - Yu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China.
| | - Xiao-Qian Zang
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China.
| | - Kosei Ueno
- Research Institute for Electronic Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 001-0021, Japan.
| | - Hiroaki Misawa
- Research Institute for Electronic Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 001-0021, Japan.
- Department of Applied Chemistry & Institute of Molecular Science, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 30010, Taiwan.
| | - Kai Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China.
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Poltorak L, Verheijden ML, Bosma D, Jonkheijm P, de Smet LC, Sudhölter EJ. Lipid bilayers cushioned with polyelectrolyte-based films on doped silicon surfaces. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOMEMBRANES 2018; 1860:2669-2680. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2018.09.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2018] [Accepted: 09/26/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Cholesterol Increases Lipid Binding Rate and Changes Binding Behavior of Bacillus thuringiensis Cytolytic Protein. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19123819. [PMID: 30513608 PMCID: PMC6321300 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19123819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2018] [Revised: 11/20/2018] [Accepted: 11/28/2018] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Cytolytic protein (Cyt) is a member of insecticidal proteins produced by Bacillus thuringiensis. Cyt protein has activity against insect cells and mammalian cells, which differ in lipid and cholesterol composition. This study presents the lipid binding behavior of Cyt2Aa2 protein on model membranes containing different levels of cholesterol content by combining Quartz Crystal Microbalance with Dissipation (QCM-D) and Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM). QCM-D results revealed that cholesterol enhances the binding rate of Cyt2Aa2 protein onto lipid bilayers. In addition, the thicker lipid bilayer was observed for the highest cholesterol content. These results were confirmed by AFM. The analysis of protein surface coverage as a function of time showed a slower process for 5:0 and 5:0.2 (POPC:Chol) ratios than for 5:1 and 5:2 (POPC:Chol) ratios. Significantly, the Cyt2Aa2-lipid binding behavior and the protein⁻lipid layer were different for the 5:3 (POPC:Chol) ratio. Furthermore, AFM images revealed a transformation of Cyt2Aa2/lipid layer structure from strip pattern to ring shape structures (which showed a strong repulsion with AFM tip). In summary, cholesterol increases the binding rate and alters the lipid binding behavior of Cyt2Aa2 protein, although it is not required for Cyt2Aa2 protein binding onto lipid bilayers.
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Wang Y, Wang J. Friction Determination by Atomic Force Microscopy in Field of Biochemical Science. MICROMACHINES 2018; 9:E313. [PMID: 30424246 PMCID: PMC6082115 DOI: 10.3390/mi9070313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2018] [Revised: 06/12/2018] [Accepted: 06/13/2018] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Atomic force microscopy (AFM) is an analytical nanotechnology in friction determination between microscale and nanoscale surfaces. AFM has advantages in mechanical measurement, including high sensitivity, resolution, accuracy, and simplicity of operation. This paper will introduce the principles of mechanical measurement by using AFM and reviewing the progress of AFM methods in determining frictions in the field of biochemical science over the past decade. While three friction measurement assays-friction morphology, friction curve and friction process in experimental cases-are mainly introduced, important advances of technology, facilitating future development of AFM are also discussed. In addition to the principles and advances, the authors also give an overview of the shortcomings and restrictions of current AFM methods, and propose potential directions of AFM techniques by combining it with other well-established characterization techniques. AFM methods are expected to see an increase in development and attract wide attention in scientific research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Wang
- College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China.
| | - Jianhua Wang
- College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China.
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Khan MS, Dosoky NS, Mustafa G, Patel D, Berdiev B, Williams JD. Electrophysiology of Epithelial Sodium Channel (ENaC) Embedded in Supported Lipid Bilayer Using a Single Nanopore Chip. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2017; 33:13680-13688. [PMID: 29131643 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.7b02404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Nanopore-based technologies are highly adaptable supports for developing label-free sensor chips to characterize lipid bilayers, membrane proteins, and nucleotides. We utilized a single nanopore chip to study the electrophysiology of the epithelial Na+ channel (ENaC) incorporated in supported lipid membrane (SLM). An isolated nanopore was developed inside the silicon cavity followed by fusing large unilamellar vesicles (LUVs) of DPPS (1,2-dipalmitoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoserine) and DPPE (1,2-dipalmitoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine) to produce a solvent-free SLM with giga-ohm (GΩ) sealed impedance. The presence and thickness of SLM on the nanopore chip were confirmed using atomic force spectroscopy. The functionality of SLM with and without ENaC was verified in terms of electrical impedance and capacitance by sweeping the frequency from 0.01 Hz to 100 kHz using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. The nanopore chip exhibits long-term stability for the lipid bilayer before (144 h) and after (16 h) incorporation of ENaC. Amiloride, an inhibitor of ENaC, was utilized at different concentrations to test the integrity of fused ENaC in the lipid bilayer supported on a single nanopore chip. The developed model presents excellent electrical properties and improved mechanical stability of SLM, making this technology a reliable platform to study ion channel electrophysiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Shuja Khan
- Electrical and Computer Engineering Department, University of Alabama in Huntsville , Huntsville, Alabama 35899, United States
| | - Noura Sayed Dosoky
- Biotechnology Science and Engineering Program, University of Alabama in Huntsville , Huntsville, Alabama 35899, United States
| | - Ghulam Mustafa
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, The State University of New York at Buffalo , Buffalo, New York 14214, United States
| | - Darayas Patel
- Department of Mathematics and Computer Science, Oakwood University , Huntsville, Alabama 35896, United States
| | - Bakhrom Berdiev
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Nazarbayev University School of Medicine , Astana 010000, Kazakhstan
| | - John Dalton Williams
- Electrical and Computer Engineering Department, University of Alabama in Huntsville , Huntsville, Alabama 35899, United States
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