1
|
Fu L, Lin CT, Karimi-Maleh H, Chen F, Zhao S. Plasmonic Nanoparticle-Enhanced Optical Techniques for Cancer Biomarker Sensing. BIOSENSORS 2023; 13:977. [PMID: 37998152 PMCID: PMC10669140 DOI: 10.3390/bios13110977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2023] [Revised: 11/02/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023]
Abstract
This review summarizes recent advances in leveraging localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) nanotechnology for sensitive cancer biomarker detection. LSPR arising from noble metal nanoparticles under light excitation enables the enhancement of various optical techniques, including surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS), dark-field microscopy (DFM), photothermal imaging, and photoacoustic imaging. Nanoparticle engineering strategies are discussed to optimize LSPR for maximum signal amplification. SERS utilizes electromagnetic enhancement from plasmonic nanostructures to boost inherently weak Raman signals, enabling single-molecule sensitivity for detecting proteins, nucleic acids, and exosomes. DFM visualizes LSPR nanoparticles based on scattered light color, allowing for the ultrasensitive detection of cancer cells, microRNAs, and proteins. Photothermal imaging employs LSPR nanoparticles as contrast agents that convert light to heat, producing thermal images that highlight cancerous tissues. Photoacoustic imaging detects ultrasonic waves generated by LSPR nanoparticle photothermal expansion for deep-tissue imaging. The multiplexing capabilities of LSPR techniques and integration with microfluidics and point-of-care devices are reviewed. Remaining challenges, such as toxicity, standardization, and clinical sample analysis, are examined. Overall, LSPR nanotechnology shows tremendous potential for advancing cancer screening, diagnosis, and treatment monitoring through the integration of nanoparticle engineering, optical techniques, and microscale device platforms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Li Fu
- Key Laboratory of Novel Materials for Sensor of Zhejiang Province, College of Materials and Environmental Engineering, Hangzhou Dianzi University, Hangzhou 310018, China; (F.C.); (S.Z.)
| | - Cheng-Te Lin
- Qianwan Institute, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering (NIMTE), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201, China;
- Key Laboratory of Marine Materials and Related Technologies, Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Marine Materials and Protective Technologies, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering (NIMTE), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19 A Yuquan Rd., Shijingshan District, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Hassan Karimi-Maleh
- The Quzhou Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Quzhou People’s Hospital, Wenzhou 325015, China;
- School of Resources and Environment, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 611731, China
- School of Engineering, Lebanese American University, Byblos 13-5053, Lebanon
| | - Fei Chen
- Key Laboratory of Novel Materials for Sensor of Zhejiang Province, College of Materials and Environmental Engineering, Hangzhou Dianzi University, Hangzhou 310018, China; (F.C.); (S.Z.)
| | - Shichao Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Novel Materials for Sensor of Zhejiang Province, College of Materials and Environmental Engineering, Hangzhou Dianzi University, Hangzhou 310018, China; (F.C.); (S.Z.)
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Hao C, Xu C, Kuang H. Chiral probes for biosensing. Chem Commun (Camb) 2023; 59:12959-12971. [PMID: 37823263 DOI: 10.1039/d3cc03660j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/13/2023]
Abstract
Chiral inorganic nanomaterials have emerged as a highly promising area of research in nanoscience due to their exceptional light-matter interaction and vast potential applications in chiral sensing, asymmetric catalysis, enantiomer separation, and negative-index materials. We present an overview of the latest advances in chiral inorganic nanomaterials including chiral individual nanoparticles, chiral assemblies, and chiral film-based sensors over the past ten years. Additionally, we discuss the challenges and future perspectives for developing chiral nanomaterials in biosensing applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Changlong Hao
- International Joint Research Laboratory for Biointerface and Biodetection, State Key Lab of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214122, People's Republic of China.
| | - Chuanlai Xu
- International Joint Research Laboratory for Biointerface and Biodetection, State Key Lab of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214122, People's Republic of China.
| | - Hua Kuang
- International Joint Research Laboratory for Biointerface and Biodetection, State Key Lab of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214122, People's Republic of China.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Yamane H, Yokoshi N, Ishihara H, Oka H. Enantioselective optical trapping of single chiral molecules in the superchiral field vicinity of metal nanostructures. OPTICS EXPRESS 2023; 31:13708-13723. [PMID: 37157253 DOI: 10.1364/oe.482207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we theoretically analyzed the optical force acting on single chiral molecules in the plasmon field induced by metallic nanostructures. Using the extended discrete dipole approximation, we quantitatively examined the optical response of single chiral molecules in the localized plasmon by numerically analyzing the internal polarization structure of the molecules obtained from quantum chemical calculations, without phenomenological treatment. We evaluated the chiral gradient force due to the optical chirality gradient of the superchiral field near the metallic nanostructures for chiral molecules. Our calculation method can be used to evaluate the molecular-orientation dependence and rotational torque by considering the chiral spatial structure inside the molecules. We theoretically showed that the superchiral field induced by chiral plasmonic nanostructures can be used to selectively optically capture the enantiomers of a single chiral molecule.
Collapse
|
4
|
Zhang W, Ai B, Gu P, Guan Y, Wang Z, Xiao Z, Zhang G. Plasmonic Chiral Metamaterials with Sub-10 nm Nanogaps. ACS NANO 2021; 15:17657-17667. [PMID: 34734713 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.1c05437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Sub-10 nm nanogaps are enantioselectively fabricated between two nanocrescents based on nanoskiving and show tailored circular dichroism (CD) activity. The mirror symmetry of the nanostructure is broken by subsequent deposition with different azimuthal angles. Strong plasmonic coupling is excited in the gaps and at the tips, leading to the CD activity. The dissymmetry g-factor of the chiral nanogaps with 5 nm gap-width is -0.055, which is 2.5 times stronger than that of the 10 nm gap-width. Moreover, the surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) performance of l/d-cysteine absorbed on chiral nanogaps manifests as the emergence of enantiospecific Raman peaks and the appearance of distinct changes in SERS intensities, which affirms that chiral nanogaps can recognize specific cysteine enantiomers via standard Raman spectroscopy in the absence of circularly polarized light source and a chiral label molecule. The sub-10 nm chiral nanogaps with tailored chiroptical responses show great potential in a class of chiral applications, such as chiral sensing, polarization converters, label-free chiral recognition, and asymmetric catalysis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, P.R. China
| | - Bin Ai
- School of Microelectronics and Communication Engineering, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Bio-perception & Intelligent Information Processing, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, P.R. China
| | - Panpan Gu
- School of chemical engineering and machinery, Eastern Liaoning University, Dandong 118003, P.R. China
| | - Yuduo Guan
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, P.R. China
| | - Zengyao Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Weifang Medical University, Weifang 261053, P.R. China
| | - Zifan Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, P.R. China
| | - Gang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Rosales SA, Albella P, González F, Gutiérrez Y, Moreno F. CDDA: extension and analysis of the discrete dipole approximation for chiral systems. OPTICS EXPRESS 2021; 29:30020-30034. [PMID: 34614734 DOI: 10.1364/oe.434061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2021] [Accepted: 08/02/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Discrete dipole approximation (DDA) is a computational method broadly used to solve light scattering problems. In this work, we propose an extension of DDA that we call Chiral-DDA (CDDA), to study light-chiral matter interactions with the capability of describing the underlying physics behind. Here, CDDA is used to solve and analyze the interaction of a nanoantenna (either metallic or dielectric) with a chiral molecule located in its near field at different positions. Our method allowed to relate near field interactions with far field spectral response of the system, elucidating the role that the nanoantenna electric and magnetic polarizabilities play in the coupling with a chiral molecule. In general, this is not straightforward with other methods. We believe that CDDA has the potential to help researchers revealing some of the still unclear mechanisms responsible for the chiral signal enhancements induced by nanoantennas.
Collapse
|
6
|
Gettapola K, Gunapala SD, Premaratne M. Directional energy transport in strongly coupled chiral quantum emitter plasmonic nanostructures. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2021; 33:475301. [PMID: 34425568 DOI: 10.1088/1361-648x/ac203f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2021] [Accepted: 08/23/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Achieving directional exciton energy transport can revolutionize a plethora of applications that depend on exciton energy transfer. In this study, we theoretically analyse a system that comprises a collection of chiral quantum emitters placed in a plasmonic setup made up of a metal nanoparticle trimer. We investigate the system by pumping left and right circularly polarized photons to excite the system. We observe that the generated localized surface plasmon modes are polarization-depended, causing chiral coupling between the quantum emitters and the plasmon optical modes. Based on the plasmon field intensity profiles, we show that directional exciton transport can be obtained when the light-matter interaction becomes adequately strong, leading the system towards the strong coupling regime.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kamani Gettapola
- Advanced Computing and Simulation Laboratory (AχL), Department of Electrical and Computer Systems Engineering, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Sarath D Gunapala
- Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91109, United States of America
| | - Malin Premaratne
- Advanced Computing and Simulation Laboratory (AχL), Department of Electrical and Computer Systems Engineering, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Dezaki SK, Askarpour AN, Abdipour A. Circular dichroism spectroscopy and chiral sensing in optical fibers. OPTICS EXPRESS 2021; 29:23096-23112. [PMID: 34614581 DOI: 10.1364/oe.426239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2021] [Accepted: 06/23/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Chirality is a property of broken mirror symmetry and detecting the handedness of chiral material in small quantities is an important problem in biology and biochemistry. Here, we present a waveguide-based method to measure chirality and distinguish the enantiomers of molecules. A bi-isotropic core in an optical waveguide lifts the degeneracy of modes in a cylindrically symmetric structure. This modal degeneracy lifting is exploited to measure the chirality of the core. The proposed sensor can determine the value of the chirality parameter of the material under test and it can be utilized for various materials with nonzero chirality parameter in different frequency bands. This approach improves the circular dichroism (CD) response and outperforms conventional CD spectroscopy methods by increasing their differential output signal. To compare the results with conventional CD spectroscopy, the CD parameter is adapted to optical waveguides.
Collapse
|
8
|
Wang ZY, Zhang NN, Li JC, Lu J, Zhao L, Fang XD, Liu K. Serum albumin guided plasmonic nanoassemblies with opposite chiralities. SOFT MATTER 2021; 17:6298-6304. [PMID: 34160542 DOI: 10.1039/d1sm00784j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Chiral assemblies by combining natural biomolecules with plasmonic nanostructures hold great promise for plasmonic enhanced sensing, imaging, and catalytic applications. Herein, we demonstrate that human serum albumin (HSA) and porcine serum albumin (PSA) can guide the chiral assembly of gold nanorods (GNRs) with left-handed chiroptical responses opposite to those by a series of other homologous animal serum albumins (SAs) due to the difference of their surface charge distributions. Under physiological pH conditions, the assembly of HSA or PSA with GNRs yielded left-handed twisted aggregates, while bovine serum albumin (BSA), sheep serum albumin, and equine serum albumin behaved on the contrary. The driving force for the chiral assembly is mainly attributed to electrostatic interaction. The opposite chiroptical signals acquired are correlated with the chiral surface charge distributions of the tertiary structures of SAs. Moreover, the chirality of the assembly induced by both HSA and BSA can be enhanced or reversed by adjusting the pH values. This work provides new insights into the modulation of protein-induced chiral assemblies and promotes their applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhao-Yi Wang
- China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130033, P. R. China.
| | - Ning-Ning Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, P. R. China.
| | - Jin-Cheng Li
- China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130033, P. R. China.
| | - Jun Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, P. R. China. and Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
| | - Li Zhao
- College of Life Science, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, P. R. China
| | - Xue-Dong Fang
- China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130033, P. R. China.
| | - Kun Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, P. R. China.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
S. S. dos Santos P, M. M. M. de Almeida J, Pastoriza-Santos I, C. C. Coelho L. Advances in Plasmonic Sensing at the NIR-A Review. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 21:2111. [PMID: 33802958 PMCID: PMC8002678 DOI: 10.3390/s21062111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2021] [Revised: 03/04/2021] [Accepted: 03/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Surface plasmon resonance (SPR) and localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) are among the most common and powerful label-free refractive index-based biosensing techniques available nowadays. Focusing on LSPR sensors, their performance is highly dependent on the size, shape, and nature of the nanomaterial employed. Indeed, the tailoring of those parameters allows the development of LSPR sensors with a tunable wavelength range between the ultra-violet (UV) and near infra-red (NIR). Furthermore, dealing with LSPR along optical fiber technology, with their low attenuation coefficients at NIR, allow for the possibility to create ultra-sensitive and long-range sensing networks to be deployed in a variety of both biological and chemical sensors. This work provides a detailed review of the key science underpinning such systems as well as recent progress in the development of several LSPR-based biosensors in the NIR wavelengths, including an overview of the LSPR phenomena along recent developments in the field of nanomaterials and nanostructure development towards NIR sensing. The review ends with a consideration of key advances in terms of nanostructure characteristics for LSPR sensing and prospects for future research and advances in this field.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Paulo S. S. dos Santos
- INESC TEC—Institute for Systems and Computer Engineering, Technology and Science, and Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal;
- Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal
| | - José M. M. M. de Almeida
- Department of Physics, School of Science and Technology, University of Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro, 5001-801 Vila Real, Portugal;
| | - Isabel Pastoriza-Santos
- CINBIO, Universidade de Vigo, Campus Universitario Lagoas, Marcosende, 36310 Vigo, Spain;
- SERGAS-UVIGO, Galicia Sur Health Research Institute (IIS Galicia Sur), 36312 Vigo, Spain
| | - Luís C. C. Coelho
- INESC TEC—Institute for Systems and Computer Engineering, Technology and Science, and Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal;
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Rosales SA, González F, Moreno F, Gutiérrez Y. Non-Absorbing Dielectric Materials for Surface-Enhanced Spectroscopies and Chiral Sensing in the UV. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2020; 10:E2078. [PMID: 33096710 PMCID: PMC7589615 DOI: 10.3390/nano10102078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2020] [Revised: 10/10/2020] [Accepted: 10/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Low-loss dielectric nanomaterials are being extensively studied as novel platforms for enhanced light-matter interactions. Dielectric materials are more versatile than metals when nanostructured as they are able to generate simultaneously electric- and magnetic-type resonances. This unique property gives rise to a wide gamut of new phenomena not observed in metal nanostructures such as directional scattering conditions or enhanced optical chirality density. Traditionally studied dielectrics such as Si, Ge or GaP have an operating range constrained to the infrared and/or the visible range. Tuning their resonances up to the UV, where many biological samples of interest exhibit their absorption bands, is not possible due to their increased optical losses via heat generation. Herein, we report a quantitative survey on the UV optical performance of 20 different dielectric nanostructured materials for UV surface light-matter interaction based applications. The near-field intensity and optical chirality density averaged over the surface of the nanoparticles together with the heat generation are studied as figures of merit for this comparative analysis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Saúl A. Rosales
- Department of Applied Physics, University of Cantabria, Avda. Los Castros, s/n., 39005 Santander, Spain; (S.A.R.); (F.G.)
| | - Francisco González
- Department of Applied Physics, University of Cantabria, Avda. Los Castros, s/n., 39005 Santander, Spain; (S.A.R.); (F.G.)
| | - Fernando Moreno
- Department of Applied Physics, University of Cantabria, Avda. Los Castros, s/n., 39005 Santander, Spain; (S.A.R.); (F.G.)
| | - Yael Gutiérrez
- Institute of Nanotechnology, CNR-NANOTEC, Via Orabona 4, 70126 Bari, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
A. Paiva-Marques W, Reyes Gómez F, N. Oliveira O, Mejía-Salazar JR. Chiral Plasmonics and Their Potential for Point-of-Care Biosensing Applications. SENSORS 2020; 20:s20030944. [PMID: 32050725 PMCID: PMC7039232 DOI: 10.3390/s20030944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2019] [Revised: 01/16/2020] [Accepted: 01/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
There has been growing interest in using strong field enhancement and light localization in plasmonic nanostructures to control the polarization properties of light. Various experimental techniques are now used to fabricate twisted metallic nanoparticles and metasurfaces, where strongly enhanced chiral near-fields are used to intensify circular dichroism (CD) signals. In this review, state-of-the-art strategies to develop such chiral plasmonic nanoparticles and metasurfaces are summarized, with emphasis on the most recent trends for the design and development of functionalizable surfaces. The major objective is to perform enantiomer selection which is relevant in pharmaceutical applications and for biosensing. Enhanced sensing capabilities are key for the design and manufacture of lab-on-a-chip devices, commonly named point-of-care biosensing devices, which are promising for next-generation healthcare systems.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Faustino Reyes Gómez
- Sao Carlos Institute of Physics, University of Sao Paulo, PO Box 369, Sao Carlos 13560-970, SP, Brazil; (F.R.G.)
| | - Osvaldo N. Oliveira
- Sao Carlos Institute of Physics, University of Sao Paulo, PO Box 369, Sao Carlos 13560-970, SP, Brazil; (F.R.G.)
| | - J. Ricardo Mejía-Salazar
- National Institute of Telecommunications (Inatel), Santa Rita do Sapucaí MG 37540-000, Brazil;
- Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Lee YY, Kim RM, Im SW, Balamurugan M, Nam KT. Plasmonic metamaterials for chiral sensing applications. NANOSCALE 2020; 12:58-66. [PMID: 31815994 DOI: 10.1039/c9nr08433a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Plasmonic metamaterials are artificially designed materials which exhibit optical properties that cannot be found in nature. They have unique and special abilities related to electromagnetic wave control, including strong field enhancement in the vicinity of the surfaces. Over the years, scientists have succeeded in dramatically improving the detection limit of molecular chirality utilizing a variety of plasmonic metamaterial platforms. In this mini-review, we will discuss the principles of most recent issues in chiral sensing applications of plasmonic metamaterials, including suggested formulas for signal enhancement of chiroptical plasmonic sensors, and studies on various platforms that employ different sensing mechanisms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yoon Young Lee
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea.
| | - Ryeong Myeong Kim
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea.
| | - Sang Won Im
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea.
| | - Mani Balamurugan
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea.
| | - Ki Tae Nam
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Pohanka M. Current Trends in the Biosensors for Biological Warfare Agents Assay. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2019; 12:E2303. [PMID: 31323857 PMCID: PMC6678440 DOI: 10.3390/ma12142303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2019] [Revised: 07/16/2019] [Accepted: 07/17/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Biosensors are analytical devices combining a physical sensor with a part of biological origin providing sensitivity and selectivity toward analyte. Biological warfare agents are infectious microorganisms or toxins with the capability to harm or kill humans. They can be produced and spread by a military or misused by a terrorist group. For example, Bacillus anthracis, Francisella tularensis, Brucella sp., Yersinia pestis, staphylococcal enterotoxin B, botulinum toxin and orthopoxviruses are typical biological warfare agents. Biosensors for biological warfare agents serve as simple but reliable analytical tools for the both field and laboratory assay. There are examples of commercially available biosensors, but research and development of new types continue and their application in praxis can be expected in the future. This review summarizes the facts and role of biosensors in the biological warfare agents' assay, and shows current commercially available devices and trends in research of the news. Survey of actual literature is provided.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Miroslav Pohanka
- Faculty of Military Health Sciences, University of Defense, Trebesska 1575, CZ-50001 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic.
| |
Collapse
|