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Mórotz GM, Bradbury NA, Caluseriu O, Hisanaga SI, Miller CCJ, Swiatecka-Urban A, Lenz HJ, Moss SJ, Giamas G. A revised nomenclature for the lemur family of protein kinases. Commun Biol 2024; 7:57. [PMID: 38191649 PMCID: PMC10774328 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-023-05671-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/10/2024] Open
Abstract
The lemur family of protein kinases has gained much interest in recent years as they are involved in a variety of cellular processes including regulation of axonal transport and endosomal trafficking, modulation of synaptic functions, memory and learning, and they are centrally placed in several intracellular signalling pathways. Numerous studies have also implicated role of the lemur kinases in the development and progression of a wide range of cancers, cystic fibrosis, and neurodegenerative diseases. However, parallel discoveries and inaccurate prediction of their kinase activity have resulted in a confusing and misleading nomenclature of these proteins. Herein, a group of international scientists with expertise in lemur family of protein kinases set forth a novel nomenclature to rectify this problem and ultimately help the scientific community by providing consistent information about these molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gábor M Mórotz
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Semmelweis University, 1089, Budapest, Hungary.
| | - Neil A Bradbury
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Chicago Medical School, North Chicago, IL, 60064, USA
| | - Oana Caluseriu
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of Alberta Hospital, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2H7, Canada
| | - Shin-Ichi Hisanaga
- Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience, Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, Tokyo Metropolitan University, Minami-Osawa, Hachioji, Tokyo, 92-0397, Japan
| | - Christopher C J Miller
- Department of Basic and Clinical Neuroscience, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, SE5 9RX, UK
| | - Agnieszka Swiatecka-Urban
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, 22903, USA
| | - Heinz-Josef Lenz
- Department of Medicine, University of Southern California/Norris Comprehensive Cancer Centre, Los Angeles, CA, 90033, USA
| | - Stephen J Moss
- Department of Neuroscience, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, 02111, USA
- Department of Neuroscience, Physiology and Pharmacology, University College London, London, WC1 6BT, UK
| | - Georgios Giamas
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedicine, School of Life Sciences, University of Sussex, Brighton, BN1 9QG, UK.
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Luchian A, Ressel L. Combined colour deconvolution and artificial intelligence approach for region-selective immunohistochemical labelling quantification: The example of alpha smooth muscle actin in mouse kidney. JOURNAL OF BIOPHOTONICS 2024; 17:e202300244. [PMID: 37877208 DOI: 10.1002/jbio.202300244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2023] [Revised: 09/05/2023] [Accepted: 10/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/26/2023]
Abstract
Immunohistochemical (IHC) localisation of protein expression is a widely used tool in pathology. This is semi-quantitative and exhibits substantial intra- and inter-observer variability. Digital approaches based on stain quantification applied to IHC are precise but still operator-dependent and time-consuming when regions of interest (ROIs) must be defined to quantify protein expression in a specific tissue area. This study aimed at developing an IHC quantification workflow that benefits from colour deconvolution for stain quantification and artificial intelligence for automatic ROI definition. The method was tested on 10 whole slide images (WSI) of alpha-smooth muscle actin (aSMA) stained mouse kidney sections. The task was to identify aSMA-positive areas within the glomeruli automatically. Total aSMA detection was performed using two channels (DAB, haematoxylin) colour deconvolution. Glomeruli segmentation within the same IHC WSI was performed by training a convolutional neural network with annotated examples of glomeruli. For both aSMA and glomeruli, binary masks were created. Co-localisation was performed by overlaying the masks and assigning red/green colours, with yellow indicative of a co-localised signal. The workflow described and exemplified using the case of aSMA expression in glomeruli can be applied to quantify the expression of IHC markers within different structures of immunohistochemically stained slides. The technique is objective, has a fully automated threshold approach (colour deconvolution phase) and uses AI to eliminate operator-dependent steps.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreea Luchian
- Department of Veterinary Anatomy Physiology and Pathology, Institute of Infection Veterinary and Ecological Science, University of Liverpool, Neston, UK
| | - Lorenzo Ressel
- Department of Veterinary Anatomy Physiology and Pathology, Institute of Infection Veterinary and Ecological Science, University of Liverpool, Neston, UK
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Varkoly G, Hortobágyi TG, Gebri E, Bencze J, Hortobágyi T, Módis L. Expression Pattern of Tenascin-C, Matrilin-2, and Aggrecan in Diseases Affecting the Corneal Endothelium. J Clin Med 2022; 11:jcm11205991. [PMID: 36294311 PMCID: PMC9604752 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11205991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2022] [Revised: 10/03/2022] [Accepted: 10/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose: The aim of this study was to examine the expression pattern of tenascin-C, matrilin-2, and aggrecan in irreversible corneal endothelial pathology such as pseudophakic bullous keratopathy (PBK) and Fuchs’ endothelial corneal dystrophy (FECD), which most frequently require corneal transplantation. Materials and methods: Histological specimens of corneal buttons removed during keratoplasty were investigated in PBK (n = 20) and FECD (n = 9) and compared to healthy control corneas (n = 10). The sections were studied by chromogenic immunohistochemistry (CHR-IHC) and submitted for evaluation by two investigators. Semiquantitative scoring (0 to 3+) was applied according to standardized methods at high magnification (400x). Each layer of the cornea was investigated; in addition, the stroma was subdivided into anterior, middle, and posterior parts for more precise analysis. In case of non-parametric distribution Mann−Whitney test was applied to compare two groups. Kruskal−Wallis and Dunn’s multiple comparisons tests have been applied for comparison of the chromogenic IHC signal intensity among corneal layers within the control and patient groups. Differences of p < 0.05 were considered as significant. Results: Significantly elevated tenascin-C immunopositivity was present in the epithelium and every layer of the stroma in both pathologic conditions as compared to normal controls. In addition, also significantly stronger matrilin-2 positivity was detected in the epithelium; however, weaker reaction was present in the endothelium in PBK cases. Minimal, but significantly elevated immunopositivity could be observed in the anterior and posterior stroma in the FECD group. Additionally, minimally, but significantly higher aggrecan immunoreaction was present in the anterior stroma in PBK and in the posterior stroma in both endothelial disorders. All three antibodies disclosed the strongest reaction in the posterior stroma either in PBK or in FECD cases. Conclusions: These extracellular matrix molecules disclosed up to moderate immunopositivity in the corneal layers in varying extents. Through their networking, bridging, and adhesive abilities these proteins are involved in corneal regeneration and tissue reorganization in endothelial dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gréta Varkoly
- Department of Ophthalmology, Szabolcs-Szatmár-Bereg County Hospitals, 4400 Nyíregyháza, Hungary
| | - Tibor G. Hortobágyi
- Albert Szent-Györgyi Medical School, University of Szeged, 6720 Szeged, Hungary
| | - Enikő Gebri
- Department of Dentoalveolar Surgery and Dental Outpatient Care, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Debrecen, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - János Bencze
- Division of Radiology and Imaging Science, Department of Medical Imaging, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Tibor Hortobágyi
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary
- Institute of Psychiatry Psychology and Neuroscience, King’s College London, London SE5 8AB, UK
- Centre for Age-Related Medicine, Stavanger University Hospital, 4011 Stavanger, Norway
- Institute of Neuropathology, University Hospital Zurich, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland
- Correspondence:
| | - László Módis
- Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary
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Bencze J, Szarka M, Kóti B, Seo W, Hortobágyi TG, Bencs V, Módis LV, Hortobágyi T. Comparison of Semi-Quantitative Scoring and Artificial Intelligence Aided Digital Image Analysis of Chromogenic Immunohistochemistry. Biomolecules 2021; 12:biom12010019. [PMID: 35053167 PMCID: PMC8774232 DOI: 10.3390/biom12010019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2021] [Revised: 12/12/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Semi-quantitative scoring is a method that is widely used to estimate the quantity of proteins on chromogen-labelled immunohistochemical (IHC) tissue sections. However, it suffers from several disadvantages, including its lack of objectivity and the fact that it is a time-consuming process. Our aim was to test a recently established artificial intelligence (AI)-aided digital image analysis platform, Pathronus, and to compare it to conventional scoring by five observers on chromogenic IHC-stained slides belonging to three experimental groups. Because Pathronus operates on grayscale 0-255 values, we transformed the data to a seven-point scale for use by pathologists and scientists. The accuracy of these methods was evaluated by comparing statistical significance among groups with quantitative fluorescent IHC reference data on subsequent tissue sections. The pairwise inter-rater reliability of the scoring and converted Pathronus data varied from poor to moderate with Cohen’s kappa, and overall agreement was poor within every experimental group using Fleiss’ kappa. Only the original and converted that were obtained from Pathronus original were able to reproduce the statistical significance among the groups that were determined by the reference method. In this study, we present an AI-aided software that can identify cells of interest, differentiate among organelles, protein specific chromogenic labelling, and nuclear counterstaining after an initial training period, providing a feasible and more accurate alternative to semi-quantitative scoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- János Bencze
- Division of Radiology and Imaging Science, Department of Medical Imaging, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary;
- ELKH-DE Cerebrovascular and Neurodegenerative Research Group, Department of Neurology, University of Debrecen, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Máté Szarka
- Horvath Csaba Laboratory of Bioseparation Sciences, Research Center for Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary;
- Vitrolink Kft., 4033 Debrecen, Hungary;
- Institute for Nuclear Research, 4026 Debrecen, Hungary
| | | | - Woosung Seo
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Radiology, Uppsala University, 751 85 Uppsala, Sweden;
| | - Tibor G. Hortobágyi
- Institute of Pathology, Albert Szent-Györgyi Medical School, University of Szeged, 6725 Szeged, Hungary;
| | - Viktor Bencs
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary;
| | - László V. Módis
- Department of Behavioural Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary;
| | - Tibor Hortobágyi
- ELKH-DE Cerebrovascular and Neurodegenerative Research Group, Department of Neurology, University of Debrecen, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary
- Institute of Pathology, Albert Szent-Györgyi Medical School, University of Szeged, 6725 Szeged, Hungary;
- Department of Old Age Psychiatry, Institute of Psychiatry Psychology and Neuroscience, King’s College London, London SE5 8AF, UK
- Centre for Age-Related Medicine, SESAM, Stavanger University Hospital, 4011 Stavanger, Norway
- Correspondence:
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Módis LV, Varkoly G, Bencze J, Hortobágyi TG, Módis L, Hortobágyi T. Extracellular matrix changes in corneal opacification vary depending on etiology. Mol Vis 2021; 27:26-36. [PMID: 33633437 PMCID: PMC7883932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2020] [Accepted: 01/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose The purpose of this study is to examine the expression of tenascin-C and matrilin-2 in three different disorders, which frequently require corneal transplantation. These pathological conditions include bullous keratopathy (BK), Fuchs' endothelial corneal dystrophy (FECD), and corneal scarring in herpetic keratitis. Methods Histological sections of corneal buttons removed during keratoplasty were analyzed in BK (n = 20), FECD (n = 9), herpetic keratitis (n = 12), and cadaveric control (n = 10) groups with light microscopy following chromogenic immunohistochemistry. The sections were evaluated by three investigators, and semiquantitative scoring (0 to 3+) was applied according to standardized methods at 400X magnification. Each layer of the cornea was investigated; moreover, the stroma was subdivided into subepithelial, middle, and pre-Descemet's membrane areas for more detailed analysis. Results Excessive epithelial and stromal expression of tenascin-C was identified in all investigated conditions; the results were most pronounced in the pre-Descemet's membrane. Regarding matrilin-2, when examined in BK, there was increased labeling intensity in the epithelium (p<0.001) and stromal layers (p<0.05), and a decrease in the endothelium (p<0.001). In the other investigated conditions, only a low degree of stromal localization (p<0.05) of matrilin-2 was detected. Conclusions The expression of tenascin-C and matrilin-2 differs when examined in various corneal pathologies resulting in opacification. Both molecules seem to be involved in regeneration and wound healing of the corneal matrix in these diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- László V. Módis
- ELKH-DE Cerebrovascular and Neurodegenerative Research Group, Department of Neurology, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary,Department of Behavioural Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Gréta Varkoly
- Szabolcs-Szatmár-Bereg County Hospitals, Department of Ophthalmology, Nyíregyháza, Hungary
| | - János Bencze
- ELKH-DE Cerebrovascular and Neurodegenerative Research Group, Department of Neurology, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary,Deparment of Medical Imaging, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Tibor G. Hortobágyi
- Institute of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - László Módis
- Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Tibor Hortobágyi
- ELKH-DE Cerebrovascular and Neurodegenerative Research Group, Department of Neurology, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary,Institute of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary,Institute of Psychiatry Psychology and Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, UK,Centre for Age-Related Medicine, SESAM, Stavanger University Hospital, Stavanger, Norway
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