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Leong VS, Yu J, Castor K, Al-Ezzi A, Arakaki X, Fonteh AN. Associations of Plasma Glutamatergic Metabolites with Alpha Desynchronization during Cognitive Interference and Working Memory Tasks in Asymptomatic Alzheimer's Disease. Cells 2024; 13:970. [PMID: 38891102 PMCID: PMC11171970 DOI: 10.3390/cells13110970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2024] [Revised: 05/23/2024] [Accepted: 05/27/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Electroencephalogram (EEG) studies have suggested compensatory brain overactivation in cognitively healthy (CH) older adults with pathological beta-amyloid(Aβ42)/tau ratios during working memory and interference processing. However, the association between glutamatergic metabolites and brain activation proxied by EEG signals has not been thoroughly investigated. We aim to determine the involvement of these metabolites in EEG signaling. We focused on CH older adults classified under (1) normal CSF Aβ42/tau ratios (CH-NATs) and (2) pathological Aβ42/tau ratios (CH-PATs). We measured plasma glutamine, glutamate, pyroglutamate, and γ-aminobutyric acid concentrations using tandem mass spectrometry and conducted a correlational analysis with alpha frequency event-related desynchronization (ERD). Under the N-back working memory paradigm, CH-NATs presented negative correlations (r = ~-0.74--0.96, p = 0.0001-0.0414) between pyroglutamate and alpha ERD but positive correlations (r = ~0.82-0.95, p = 0.0003-0.0119) between glutamine and alpha ERD. Under Stroop interference testing, CH-NATs generated negative correlations between glutamine and left temporal alpha ERD (r = -0.96, p = 0.037 and r = -0.97, p = 0.027). Our study demonstrated that glutamine and pyroglutamate levels were associated with EEG activity only in CH-NATs. These results suggest cognitively healthy adults with amyloid/tau pathology experience subtle metabolic dysfunction that may influence EEG signaling during cognitive challenge. A longitudinal follow-up study with a larger sample size is needed to validate these pilot studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincent Sonny Leong
- Cognition and Brain Integration Laboratory, Neurosciences Department, Huntington Medical Research Institutes, Pasadena, CA 91105, USA (X.A.)
| | - Jiaquan Yu
- Biomarker and Neuro-Disease Mechanism Laboratory, Neurosciences Department, Huntington Medical Research Institutes, Pasadena, CA 91105, USA
| | - Katherine Castor
- Biomarker and Neuro-Disease Mechanism Laboratory, Neurosciences Department, Huntington Medical Research Institutes, Pasadena, CA 91105, USA
| | - Abdulhakim Al-Ezzi
- Cognition and Brain Integration Laboratory, Neurosciences Department, Huntington Medical Research Institutes, Pasadena, CA 91105, USA (X.A.)
| | - Xianghong Arakaki
- Cognition and Brain Integration Laboratory, Neurosciences Department, Huntington Medical Research Institutes, Pasadena, CA 91105, USA (X.A.)
| | - Alfred Nji Fonteh
- Biomarker and Neuro-Disease Mechanism Laboratory, Neurosciences Department, Huntington Medical Research Institutes, Pasadena, CA 91105, USA
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Zani A, Crotti N, Marzorati M, Senerchia A, Proverbio AM. Acute hypoxia alters visuospatial attention orienting: an electrical neuroimaging study. Sci Rep 2023; 13:22746. [PMID: 38123610 PMCID: PMC10733389 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-49431-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2023] [Accepted: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Our study investigated the effects of hypoxia on visuospatial attention processing during preparation for a single/double-choice motor response. ERPs were recorded in two sessions in which participants breathed either ambient-air or oxygen-impoverished air. During each session, participants performed four cue-target attention orienting and/or alerting tasks. Replicating the classic findings of valid visuospatial attentional orienting modulation, ERPs to pre-target cues elicited both an Anterior directing attention negativity (ADAN)/CNV and a posterior Late directing attention positivity (LDAP)/TP, which in ambient air were larger for attention orienting than for alerting. Hypoxia increased the amplitude of both these potentials in the spatial orienting conditions for the upper visual hemifield, while, for the lower hemifield, it increased ADAN/CNV, but decreased LDAP/TP for the same attention conditions. To these ERP changes corresponded compensatory enhanced activation of right anterior cingulate cortex, left superior parietal lobule and frontal gyrus, as well as detrimental effects of hypoxia on behavioral overt performance. Together, these findings reveal for the first time, to our knowledge, that (1) these reversed alterations of the activation patterns during the time between cue and target occur at a larger extent in hypoxia than in air, and (2) acute normobaric hypoxia alters visuospatial attention orienting shifting in space.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Zani
- School of Psychology, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Via Olgettina 58-60, 20132, Milan, MI, Italy.
| | - N Crotti
- Department of Psychology, University of Milan-Bicocca, Milan (MI), Italy
| | - M Marzorati
- Institute of Biomedical Technologies, National Research Council (CNR ITB), Segrate, MI, Italy
| | - A Senerchia
- Department of Psychology, University of Milan-Bicocca, Milan (MI), Italy
| | - A M Proverbio
- Department of Psychology, University of Milan-Bicocca, Milan (MI), Italy
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Hutcheon EA, Vakorin VA, Nunes AS, Ribary U, Ferguson S, Claydon VE, Doesburg SM. Comparing neuronal oscillations during visual spatial attention orienting between normobaric and hypobaric hypoxia. Sci Rep 2023; 13:18021. [PMID: 37865721 PMCID: PMC10590435 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-45308-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2023] [Accepted: 10/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Normobaric hypoxia (NH) and hypobaric hypoxia (HH) are both used to train aircraft pilots to recognize symptoms of hypoxia. NH (low oxygen concentration) training is often preferred because it is more cost effective, simpler, and safer than HH. It is unclear, however, whether NH is neurophysiologically equivalent to HH (high altitude). Previous studies have shown that neural oscillations, particularly those in the alpha band (8-12 Hz), are impacted by hypoxia. Attention tasks have been shown to reliably modulate alpha oscillations, although the neurophysiological impacts of hypoxia during cognitive processing remains poorly understood. To address this we investigated induced and evoked power alongside physiological data while participants performed an attention task during control (normobaric normoxia or NN), NH (fraction of inspired oxygen = 12.8%, partial pressure of inspired oxygen = 87.2 mmHg), and HH (3962 m, partial pressure of inspired oxygen = 87.2 mmHg) conditions inside a hypobaric chamber. No significant differences between NH and HH were found in oxygen saturation, end tidal gases, breathing rate, middle cerebral artery velocity and blood pressure. Induced alpha power was significantly decreased in NH and HH when compared to NN. Participants in the HH condition showed significantly increased induced lower-beta power and evoked higher-beta power, compared with the NH and NN conditions, indicating that NH and HH differ in their impact on neurophysiological activity supporting cognition. NH and HH were found not to be neurophysiologically equivalent as electroencephalography was able to differentiate NH from HH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evan A Hutcheon
- Department of Biomedical Physiology and Kinesiology, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC, Canada.
| | - Vasily A Vakorin
- Department of Biomedical Physiology and Kinesiology, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC, Canada
| | - Adonay S Nunes
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Harvard University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Urs Ribary
- Department of Psychology, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC, Canada
| | - Sherri Ferguson
- Environmental Physiology and Medicine Unit, Faculty of Science, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC, Canada
| | - Victoria E Claydon
- Department of Biomedical Physiology and Kinesiology, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC, Canada
| | - Sam M Doesburg
- Department of Biomedical Physiology and Kinesiology, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC, Canada
- Institute for Neuroscience and Neurotechnology, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, Canada
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Wong NY, van Waart H, Sleigh JW, Mitchell SJ, Vrijdag XC. A systematic review of electroencephalography in acute cerebral hypoxia: clinical and diving implications. Diving Hyperb Med 2023; 53:268-280. [PMID: 37718302 PMCID: PMC10597603 DOI: 10.28920/dhm53.3.268-280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2023] [Accepted: 07/27/2023] [Indexed: 09/19/2023]
Abstract
Introduction Hypoxia can cause central nervous system dysfunction and injury. Hypoxia is a particular risk during rebreather diving. Given its subtle symptom profile and its catastrophic consequences there is a need for reliable hypoxia monitoring. Electroencephalography (EEG) is being investigated as a real time monitor for multiple diving problems related to inspired gas, including hypoxia. Methods A systematic literature search identified articles investigating the relationship between EEG changes and acute cerebral hypoxia in healthy adults. Quality of clinical evidence was assessed using the Newcastle-Ottawa scale. Results Eighty-one studies were included for analysis. Only one study investigated divers. Twelve studies described quantitative EEG spectral power differences. Moderate hypoxia tended to result in increased alpha activity. With severe hypoxia, alpha activity decreased whilst delta and theta activities increased. However, since studies that utilised cognitive testing during the hypoxic exposure more frequently reported opposite results it appears cognitive processing might mask hypoxic EEG changes. Other analysis techniques (evoked potentials and electrical equivalents of dipole signals), demonstrated sustained regulation of autonomic responses despite worsening hypoxia. Other studies utilised quantitative EEG analysis techniques, (Bispectral index [BISTM], approximate entropy and Lempel-Ziv complexity). No change was reported in BISTM value, whilst an increase in approximate entropy and Lempel-Ziv complexity occurred with worsening hypoxia. Conclusions Electroencephalographic frequency patterns change in response to acute cerebral hypoxia. There is paucity of literature on the relationship between quantitative EEG analysis techniques and cerebral hypoxia. Because of the conflicting results in EEG power frequency analysis, future research needs to quantitatively define a hypoxia-EEG response curve, and how it is altered by concurrent cognitive task loading.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole Ye Wong
- Department of Anaesthesiology, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
- Department of Anaesthesia, Auckland City Hospital, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Hanna van Waart
- Department of Anaesthesiology, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Jamie W Sleigh
- Department of Anaesthesiology, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
- Department of Anaesthesia, Waikato Hospital, Hamilton, New Zealand
| | - Simon J Mitchell
- Department of Anaesthesiology, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
- Department of Anaesthesia, Auckland City Hospital, Auckland, New Zealand
- Slark Hyperbaric Unit, North Shore Hospital, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Xavier Ce Vrijdag
- Department of Anaesthesiology, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
- Corresponding author: Dr Xavier CE Vrijdag, Department of Anaesthesiology, School of Medicine, University of Auckland, Private bag 92019, Auckland 1142, New Zealand, ORiD: 0000-0001-5907-6083,
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Cooke JI, Guven O, Abarca PC, Ibitoye RT, Pettorossi VE, Bronstein AM. Electroencephalographic response to transient adaptation of vestibular perception. J Physiol 2022; 600:3517-3535. [PMID: 35713975 PMCID: PMC9544486 DOI: 10.1113/jp282470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2021] [Accepted: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract When given a series of sinusoidal oscillations in which the two hemicycles have equal amplitude but asymmetric velocity, healthy subjects lose perception of the slower hemicycle (SHC), reporting a drift towards the faster hemicycle (FHC). This response is not reflected in the vestibular–ocular reflex, suggesting that the adaptation is of higher order. This study aimed to define EEG correlates of this adaptive response. Twenty‐five subjects underwent a series of symmetric or asymmetric oscillations and reported their perceived head orientation at the end using landmarks in the testing room; this was converted into total position error (TPE). Thirty‐two channel EEG was recorded before, during and after adaptation. Spectral power and coherence were calculated for the alpha, beta, delta and theta frequency bands. Linear mixed models were used to determine a region‐by‐condition effect of the adaptation. TPE was significantly greater in the asymmetric condition and reported error was always in the direction of the FHC. Regardless of condition, alpha desynchronised in response to stimulation, then rebounded back toward baseline values. This pattern was accelerated and attenuated in the prefrontal and occipital regions, respectively, in the asymmetric condition. Functional connectivity networks were identified in the beta and delta frequency bands; these networks, primarily comprising frontoparietal connections, were more coherent during asymmetric stimulation. These findings suggest that the temporary vestibulo‐perceptual ‘neglect’ induced by asymmetric vestibular stimulation may be mediated by alpha rhythms and frontoparietal attentional networks. The results presented further our understanding of brain rhythms and cortical networks involved in vestibular perception and adaptation.
![]() Key points Whole‐body asymmetric sinusoidal oscillations, which consist of hemicycles with equal amplitude but differing velocities, can induce transient ‘neglect’ of the slower hemicycle in the vestibular perception of healthy subjects. In this study, we aimed to elucidate EEG correlates of this ‘neglect’, thereby identifying a cortical role in vestibular perception and adaptation. We identified a desynchronisation–resynchronisation response in the alpha frequency band (8–14 Hz) that was accelerated in the prefrontal region and attenuated in the occipital region when exposed to asymmetric, as compared to symmetric, rotations. We additionally identified functional connectivity networks in the beta (14–30 Hz) and delta (1–4 Hz) frequency bands consisting primarily of frontoparietal connections. These results suggest a prominent role of alpha rhythms and frontoparietal attentional networks in vestibular perception and adaptation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josephine I Cooke
- Neuro-otology Unit, Department of Brain Sciences, Imperial College London, Charing Cross Hospital, London, UK
| | - Onur Guven
- Neuro-otology Unit, Department of Brain Sciences, Imperial College London, Charing Cross Hospital, London, UK
| | - Patricia Castro Abarca
- Neuro-otology Unit, Department of Brain Sciences, Imperial College London, Charing Cross Hospital, London, UK.,Escuela de Fonoaudiología, Facultad de Medicina, Clínica Alemana Universidad del Desarrollo, Santiago, Chile
| | - Richard T Ibitoye
- Neuro-otology Unit, Department of Brain Sciences, Imperial College London, Charing Cross Hospital, London, UK
| | - Vito E Pettorossi
- Dipartimento di Medicina e Chirurgia, Sezione di Fisiologia Umana e Biochemica, Università Degli Studi di Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Adolfo M Bronstein
- Neuro-otology Unit, Department of Brain Sciences, Imperial College London, Charing Cross Hospital, London, UK
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Oxygen: The Rate-Limiting Factor for Episodic Memory Performance, Even in Healthy Young Individuals. Biomolecules 2020; 10:biom10091328. [PMID: 32957482 PMCID: PMC7563755 DOI: 10.3390/biom10091328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2020] [Revised: 09/03/2020] [Accepted: 09/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Cognition is a crucial element of human functionality. Like any other physical capability, cognition is both enabled and limited by tissue biology. The aim of this study was to investigate whether oxygen is a rate-limiting factor for any of the main cognitive domains in healthy young individuals. Fifty-six subjects were randomly assigned to either increased oxygen supply using hyperbaric oxygen (two atmospheres of 100% oxygen) or to a “sham” treatment (a simulation of increased pressure in a chamber with normal air). While in the chamber, participants went through a battery of tests evaluating the major cognitive domains including information processing speed, episodic memory, working memory, cognitive flexibility, and attention. The results demonstrated that from all evaluated cognitive domains, a statistically significant improvement was found in the episodic memory of the hyper-oxygenized group. The hyper-oxygenized group demonstrated a better learning curve and a higher resilience to interference. To conclude, oxygen delivery is a rate-limiting factor for memory function even in healthy young individuals under normal conditions. Understanding the biological limitations of our cognitive functions is important for future development of interventional tools that can be used in daily clinical practice.
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Zani A. From Correlational Signs to Markers. Current Trends in Neuroelectric Research on Visual Attentional Processing. Brain Sci 2020; 10:E350. [PMID: 32517167 PMCID: PMC7348763 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci10060350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2020] [Accepted: 06/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Traditionally, electroencephalographic (EEG) and event-related brain potentials (ERPs) research on visual attentional processing attempted to account for mental processes in conceptual terms without reference to the way in which they were physically realized by the anatomical structures and physiological processes of the human brain. The brain science level of analysis, in contrast, attempted to explain the brain as an information processing system and to explain mental events in terms of brain processes. Somehow overcoming the separation between the two abovementioned levels of analysis, the cognitive neuroscience level considered how information was represented and processed in the brain. Neurofunctional processing takes place in a fraction of a second. Hence, the very high time resolution and the reliable sensitivity of EEG and ERPs in detecting fast functional changes in brain activity provided advantages over hemodynamic imaging techniques such as positron emission tomography (PET) or functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), as well as over behavioral measures. However, volume conduction and lack of three-dimensionality limited applications of EEG and ERPs per se more than hemodynamic techniques for revealing locations in which brain processing occurs. These limits could only be overcome by subtraction methods for isolating attentional effects that might endure over time in EEG and may be riding even over several different ERP components, and by intracerebral single and distributed electric source analyses as well as the combining of these signals with high-spatial resolution hemodynamic signals (fMRI), both in healthy individuals and clinical patients. In my view, the articles of the Special Issue concerned with "ERP and EEG Markers of Brain Visual Attentional Processing" of the present journal Brain Sciences provide very good examples of all these levels of analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Zani
- School of Psychology, Vita Salute San Raffaele University, 20132 Milan, Italy
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