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Felgueras N, López-Díaz JM, Garrote I. Effects of Developmental Timing on Cognitive and Behavioral Profiles in Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder: Considerations for Education. Behav Sci (Basel) 2024; 14:431. [PMID: 38920763 PMCID: PMC11200952 DOI: 10.3390/bs14060431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2024] [Revised: 05/20/2024] [Accepted: 05/21/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Associations and families demand the need to raise awareness of the implications in the cognitive and behavioral development of children with Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder (FASD) that affect their learning and school participation. This study aims to generate a profile of executive and behavioral functioning in children and adolescents diagnosed with FASD. A probabilistic sampling by clusters (associations for individuals with FASD) is applied. The sample is composed of 66 families from three associations. The BRIEF-2 and SENA tests were administered to assess executive and behavioral functioning domains. Data analysis found that the executive and behavioral functioning profile of individuals with FASD varies with age, with greater impairment in middle and late adolescence. Likewise, the domain of executive functioning most affected in any of the developmental stages is working memory. Finally, cognitive impairment in the executive functioning domains has a direct impact on the social and adaptive functioning of people with FASD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nerea Felgueras
- High-Performance Research Group on Inclusive Education, People with Disabilities and Universal Accessibility (DIVERSIA), Department of Educational Sciences, Faculty of Education and Sport and Interdisciplinary Studies, King Juan Carlos University, 28933 Fuenlabrada, Spain;
| | - José María López-Díaz
- High-Performance Research Group on Inclusive Education, People with Disabilities and Universal Accessibility (DIVERSIA), Department of Educational Sciences, Faculty of Education and Sport and Interdisciplinary Studies, King Juan Carlos University, 28933 Fuenlabrada, Spain;
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Taresh SM, Morett LM, Zaid SM, Roslan S, Taresh Taleb M, Song P, Ahmad NA, Noman S. Preschool teachers' knowledge, beliefs, and self-efficacy concerning autism: A parallel mixed-methods study of an intervention to improve autism identification. AUTISM : THE INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF RESEARCH AND PRACTICE 2024; 28:239-253. [PMID: 37982401 DOI: 10.1177/13623613231211850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2023]
Abstract
LAY ABSTRACT Preschool teachers can play a critical role in early detection of autism. Equipping preschool teachers with prerequisite knowledge and skills would allow them to identify children with probable autism and referral to diagnostic services. This study aimed to investigate the impact of an educational module (EMiASD) that prepared preschool teachers to identify autism symptoms. The sample included 144 preschool teachers, of which 120 were stratified and randomly assigned to an intervention arm receiving training in EMiASD (n = 60) or a comparison arm receiving standard training (n = 60) using a parallel mixed-methods design. Responses to open-ended questions about video case studies revealed improvement in the identification of autism symptoms in preschool teachers in the intervention arm, in contrast to preschool teachers in the comparison arm. Moreover, significant changes in knowledge, belief, and self-efficacy about autism favoured EMiASD. Overall, these results demonstrate the influence of EMiASD in the Yemeni cultural context.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Pu Song
- Guiyang Preschool Education College, China
| | | | - Sarah Noman
- Faculty of Medicine & Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia
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Mahajan R, Sagar R. Adequate Management of Autism Spectrum Disorder in Children in India. Indian J Pediatr 2023; 90:387-392. [PMID: 36173539 DOI: 10.1007/s12098-022-04352-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2021] [Accepted: 08/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Despite the significant burden of neurodevelopmental disorders such as autism spectrum disorder (ASD) in India, there are areas of unmet needs at every level of the health care system. This includes screening and recognition, reliable and valid tools to evaluate, and to adequately manage ASD. There are also gaps in education and training of medical professionals, paraprofessionals, special education teachers and the related services. Lack of public awareness and cultural factors contribute to delays in early recognition and interventions. A framework is suggested to address these unmet needs at various levels to improve the care of these children with ASD. These include a) a focus on education of medical professionals, paraprofessionals, and teachers; b) setting up infrastructure at community, regional, and statewide levels, with adequate funding; and c) use of audiovisual technology and collaboration with international expertise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajneesh Mahajan
- Center for Autism and Related Disorders, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, MD, USA. .,Department of Psychiatry, Division of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
| | - Rajesh Sagar
- Department of Psychiatry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
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Wei H, Li Y, Zhang Y, Luo J, Wang S, Dong Q, Tao Y, Gong L, Feng Y, Shi M, Cao Z, Liu Y, Chen L, Liu X, Dai Y, Qu L, Song Z, Chen J, Li T, Cheng Q. Awareness and knowledge of autism spectrum disorder in Western China: Promoting early identification and intervention. Front Psychiatry 2022; 13:970611. [PMID: 36440386 PMCID: PMC9686393 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2022.970611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2022] [Accepted: 10/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Given the increasing prevalence of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and the public health problems it creates; early identification and interventions are needed to improve the prognosis of ASD. Hence, this study surveyed different groups of people who are likely to have early contact with autistic children to provide an informed basis for early detection and effective diagnosis and interventions. METHODS Three groups of people were recruited for the study from Changshou District and Wushan County of Chongqing, in Western China: 269 medical workers, 181 educators, and 188 community residents. Their understanding and knowledge of autism was measured using a self-made questionnaire. RESULTS The positive finding was that the three groups had a certain level of understanding of autism, but they had some misunderstandings of the core problems, and there were significant differences in the understanding of autism among the three groups. Younger medical workers knew more about autism than older ones did. The ability of educators and community residents to identify autistic symptoms was positively related to their level of education and their experience with autistic children. Television and the internet were the main sources of information about autism for participants. CONCLUSIONS The medical workers, educators, and community residents in the investigated areas in western China may be able to identify early signs of autism but have an inadequate understanding of autism. In areas far from cities, it is necessary to strengthen the training of medical workers in primary health care to promote autism screening and referral in educational institutions and communities. Using internet technology to provide public education and professional training about autism in remote areas could be a very promising method in Western China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua Wei
- Department of Child Health Care, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Chongqing, China.,Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Child Health and Nutrition, Chongqing, China
| | - Yan Li
- Department of Child Health Care, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Chongqing, China.,Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Child Health and Nutrition, Chongqing, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Department of Child Health Care, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Chongqing, China.,Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Child Health and Nutrition, Chongqing, China
| | - Jinmei Luo
- Department of Child Health Care, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Chongqing, China.,Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Child Health and Nutrition, Chongqing, China
| | - Shuang Wang
- Department of Child Health Care, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Chongqing, China.,Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Child Health and Nutrition, Chongqing, China
| | - Qiujun Dong
- Department of Child Health Care, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Chongqing, China.,Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Child Health and Nutrition, Chongqing, China
| | - Yuanyuan Tao
- Department of Child Health Care, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Chongqing, China.,Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Child Health and Nutrition, Chongqing, China
| | - Ling Gong
- Department of Child Healthcare, Changshou District Maternal and Child Care Family Planning Service Center, Chongqing, China
| | - Yang Feng
- Department of Child Healthcare, Changshou District Maternal and Child Care Family Planning Service Center, Chongqing, China
| | - Mingmei Shi
- Department of Children's Rehabilitation, Wushan Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Chongqing, China
| | - Zhenghui Cao
- Department of Children's Rehabilitation, Wushan Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Chongqing, China
| | - Yongfang Liu
- Department of Nutrition, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Li Chen
- Department of Child Health Care, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Chongqing, China.,Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Child Health and Nutrition, Chongqing, China
| | - Xiao Liu
- Department of Child Health Care, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Chongqing, China.,Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Child Health and Nutrition, Chongqing, China
| | - Ying Dai
- Department of Child Health Care, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Chongqing, China.,Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Child Health and Nutrition, Chongqing, China
| | - Lingling Qu
- Department of Child Health Care, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Chongqing, China.,Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Child Health and Nutrition, Chongqing, China
| | - Zhao Song
- Department of Child Health Care, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Chongqing, China.,Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Child Health and Nutrition, Chongqing, China
| | - Jie Chen
- Department of Child Health Care, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Chongqing, China.,Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Child Health and Nutrition, Chongqing, China
| | - Tingyu Li
- Department of Child Health Care, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Chongqing, China.,Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Child Health and Nutrition, Chongqing, China
| | - Qian Cheng
- Department of Child Health Care, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Chongqing, China.,Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Child Health and Nutrition, Chongqing, China
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Ong SY, Roslan S, Ahmad NA, Ayub AFM, Ping CL, Zaremohzzabieh Z, Ahrari S. A Mixed-Methods Evaluation of Parent-Assisted Children's Friendship Training to Improve Social Skills and Friendship Quality in Children with Autism in Malaysia. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:2566. [PMID: 33806563 PMCID: PMC7967648 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18052566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2021] [Revised: 02/23/2021] [Accepted: 02/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Background: This study evaluates the effectiveness of parent-assisted children's friendship training intervention for enhancing friendship quality and social skills among children with autism spectrum disorders (ASD). We conducted a quasi-experimental study to investigate the effective outcomes of social skills and friendship quality in the pre-and post-parent-assisted CFT intervention phases; Methods: to conduct a 12-week field session, 30 children with their parents were selected. The Social Skills Improvement System Rating Scales and the Quality of Play Questionnaire-Parent were used to assess the effectiveness of the parent-assisted children's friendship training during pre-and post-intervention. A semi-structured interview with parents was conducted at the end of the session; Results: findings revealed that intervention improved the social skills of these children. Additionally, the friendship quality of children with ASD improved before and after the intervention, however, engagement remained unchanged. Parents also showed some sort of improvement after the session as they reported a heightened sense of fear and resistance, awareness, learning and adjustment, change is not easy, and identifying support; Conclusions: there was clear evidence that children with ASD benefitted from parent-assisted CFTs in terms of social skills and friendship quality. However, larger and controlled studies are required to draw firm conclusions about this kind of intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sing Yee Ong
- Faculty of Educational Studies, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Seri Kembangan 43400, Malaysia; (S.Y.O.); (N.A.A.); (A.F.M.A.); (Z.Z.); (S.A.)
| | - Samsilah Roslan
- Faculty of Educational Studies, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Seri Kembangan 43400, Malaysia; (S.Y.O.); (N.A.A.); (A.F.M.A.); (Z.Z.); (S.A.)
| | - Nor Aniza Ahmad
- Faculty of Educational Studies, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Seri Kembangan 43400, Malaysia; (S.Y.O.); (N.A.A.); (A.F.M.A.); (Z.Z.); (S.A.)
| | - Ahmad Fauzi Mohd Ayub
- Faculty of Educational Studies, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Seri Kembangan 43400, Malaysia; (S.Y.O.); (N.A.A.); (A.F.M.A.); (Z.Z.); (S.A.)
| | - Chen Lee Ping
- Department of Psychology, School of Medicine, International Medical University, Kuala Lumpur 57000, Malaysia;
| | - Zeinab Zaremohzzabieh
- Faculty of Educational Studies, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Seri Kembangan 43400, Malaysia; (S.Y.O.); (N.A.A.); (A.F.M.A.); (Z.Z.); (S.A.)
| | - Seyedali Ahrari
- Faculty of Educational Studies, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Seri Kembangan 43400, Malaysia; (S.Y.O.); (N.A.A.); (A.F.M.A.); (Z.Z.); (S.A.)
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