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Smith RA, Mir F, Butler MP, Maharathi B, Loeb JA. Spike-induced cytoarchitectonic changes in epileptic human cortex are reduced via MAP2K inhibition. Brain Commun 2024; 6:fcae152. [PMID: 38741662 PMCID: PMC11089420 DOI: 10.1093/braincomms/fcae152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2023] [Revised: 03/01/2024] [Accepted: 04/26/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Interictal spikes are electroencephalographic discharges that occur at or near brain regions that produce epileptic seizures. While their role in generating seizures is not well understood, spikes have profound effects on cognition and behaviour, depending on where and when they occur. We previously demonstrated that spiking areas of human neocortex show sustained MAPK activation in superficial cortical Layers I-III and are associated with microlesions in deeper cortical areas characterized by reduced neuronal nuclear protein staining and increased microglial infiltration. Based on these findings, we chose to investigate additional neuronal populations within microlesions, specifically inhibitory interneurons. Additionally, we hypothesized that spiking would be sufficient to induce similar cytoarchitectonic changes within the rat cortex and that inhibition of MAPK signalling, using a MAP2K inhibitor, would not only inhibit spike formation but also reduce these cytoarchitectonic changes and improve behavioural outcomes. To test these hypotheses, we analysed tissue samples from 16 patients with intractable epilepsy who required cortical resections. We also utilized a tetanus toxin-induced animal model of interictal spiking, designed to produce spikes without seizures in male Sprague-Dawley rats. Rats were fitted with epidural electrodes, to permit EEG recording for the duration of the study, and automated algorithms were implemented to quantify spikes. After 6 months, animals were sacrificed to assess the effects of chronic spiking on cortical cytoarchitecture. Here, we show that microlesions may promote excitability due to a significant reduction of inhibitory neurons that could be responsible for promoting interictal spikes in superficial layers. Similarly, we found that the induction of epileptic spikes in the rat model produced analogous changes, including reduced neuronal nuclear protein, calbindin and parvalbumin-positive neurons and increased microglia, suggesting that spikes are sufficient for inducing these cytoarchitectonic changes in humans. Finally, we implicated MAPK signalling as a driving force producing these pathological changes. Using CI-1040 to inhibit MAP2K, both acutely and after spikes developed, resulting in fewer interictal spikes, reduced microglial activation and less inhibitory neuron loss. Treated animals had significantly fewer high-amplitude, short-duration spikes, which correlated with improved spatial memory performance on the Barnes maze. Together, our results provide evidence for a cytoarchitectonic pathogenesis underlying epileptic cortex, which can be ameliorated through both early and delayed MAP2K inhibition. These findings highlight the potential role for CI-1040 as a pharmacological treatment that could prevent the development of epileptic activity and reduce cognitive impairment in both patients with epilepsy and those with non-epileptic spike-associated neurobehavioural disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachael A Smith
- Department of Neurology and Rehabilitation, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Fozia Mir
- Department of Neurology and Rehabilitation, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Mitchell P Butler
- Department of Neurology and Rehabilitation, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Biswajit Maharathi
- Department of Neurology and Rehabilitation, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Jeffrey A Loeb
- Department of Neurology and Rehabilitation, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
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Rubinos C, Waters B, Hirsch LJ. Predicting and Treating Post-traumatic Epilepsy. Curr Treat Options Neurol 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s11940-022-00727-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Martinez-Ramirez L, Slate A, Price G, Duhaime AC, Staley K, Costine-Bartell BA. Robust, long-term video EEG monitoring in a porcine model of post-traumatic epilepsy. eNeuro 2022; 9:ENEURO.0025-22.2022. [PMID: 35697513 PMCID: PMC9275145 DOI: 10.1523/eneuro.0025-22.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2022] [Revised: 05/09/2022] [Accepted: 05/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
To date, post-traumatic epilepsy (PTE) research in large animal models has been limited. Recent advances in neocortical microscopy have made possible new insights into neocortical PTE. However, it is very difficult to engender convincing neocortical PTE in rodents. Thus, large animal models that develop neocortical PTE may provide useful insights that also can be more comparable to human patients. Because gyrencephalic species have prolonged latent periods, long-term video EEG recording is required. Here, we report a fully subcutaneous EEG implant with synchronized video in freely ambulatory swine for up to 13 months during epileptogenesis following bilateral cortical impact injuries or sham surgery The advantages of this system include the availability of a commercially available system that is simple to install, a low failure rate after surgery for EEG implantation, radiotelemetry that enables continuous monitoring of freely ambulating animals, excellent synchronization to video to EEG, and a robust signal to noise ratio. The disadvantages of this system in this species and age are the accretion of skull bone which entirely embedded a subset of skull screws and EEG electrodes, and the inability to rearrange the EEG electrode array. These disadvantages may be overcome by splicing a subdural electrode strip to the electrode leads so that skull growth is less likely to interfere with long-term signal capture and by placing two implants for a more extensive montage. This commercially available system in this bilateral cortical impact swine model may be useful to a wide range of investigators studying epileptogenesis in PTE.SignificancePost-traumatic epilepsy (PTE) is a cause of significant morbidity after traumatic brain injury (TBI) and is often drug-resistant. Robust, informative animal models would greatly facilitate PTE research. Ideally, this biofidelic model of PTE would utilize a species that approximates human brain anatomy, brain size, glial populations, and inflammatory pathways. An ideal model would also incorporate feasible methods for long-term video EEG recording required to quantify seizure activity. Here, we describe the first model of PTE in swine and describe a method for robust long-term video EEG monitoring for up to 13 months post-TBI. The relatively easy "out-of-the-box" radiotelemetry system and surgical techniques described here will be adaptable by a wide array of investigators studying the pathogenesis and treatment of PTE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis Martinez-Ramirez
- Department of Neurosurgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Andrea Slate
- Center for Comparative Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - George Price
- Department of Neurosurgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Ann-Christine Duhaime
- Department of Neurosurgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Department of Neurosurgery, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Kevin Staley
- Department of Neurosurgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Department of Neurosurgery, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Beth A Costine-Bartell
- Department of Neurosurgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Department of Neurosurgery, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
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Kleeva D, Soghoyan G, Komoltsev I, Sinkin M, Ossadtchi A. Fast parametric curve matching (FPCM) for automatic spike detection. J Neural Eng 2022; 19. [PMID: 35439749 DOI: 10.1088/1741-2552/ac682a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2021] [Accepted: 04/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Epilepsy is a widely spread neurological disease, whose treatment often requires resection of the pathological cortical tissue. Interictal spike analysis observed in the non-invasively collected EEG or MEG data offers a way to localize epileptogenic cortical structures for surgery planning purposes. While a plethora of automatic spike detection techniques have been developed each with its own assumptions and limitations, non of them is ideal and the best results are achieved when the output of several automatic spike detectors are combined. This is especially true in the low signal-to-noise ratio conditions. To this end we propose a novel biomimetic approach for automatic spike detection based on a constrained mixed spline machinery that we dub as fast parametric curve matching (FPCM). Using the peak-wave shape parametrization, the constrained parametric morphological model is constructed and convolved with the observed multichannel data to very efficiently determine mixed spline parameters corresponding to each time-point in the dataset. Then the logical predicates that directly map to the expected interictal event morphology allow us to accomplish the spike detection task. The results of simulations mimicking typical low SNR scenario show the robustness and high ROC AUC values of the FPCM method as compared to the spike detection performed by the means of more conventional approaches such as wavelet decomposition, template matching or simple amplitude thresholding. Applied to the real MEG and EEG data from the human patients and to ECoG data from the rat, the FPCM technique demonstrates reliable detection of the interictal events and localization of epileptogenic zones concordant with independent conclusions made by the epileptologist. Since the FPCM is computationally light, tolerant to high amplitude artifacts and flexible to accommodate verbalized descriptions of the arbitrary target morphology, it may complement the existing arsenal of means for analysis of noisy interictal datasets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daria Kleeva
- Center for Bioelectric Interfaces, Higher School of Economics, Moscow, Russia
| | - Gurgen Soghoyan
- Center for Bioelectric Interfaces, Higher School of Economics, Moscow, Russia
| | - Ilia Komoltsev
- Laboratory of Functional Biochemistry of the Nervous System, Institute of Higher Nervous Activity and Neurophysiology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia.,Moscow Research and Clinical Center for Neuropsychiatry of the Healthcare Department of Moscow, Moscow, Russia
| | - Mikhail Sinkin
- A I Evdokimov Moscow State University of Medicical Dentistry, Moscow, Russia.,N V Sklifosovsky Research Institute of Emergency Medicine, Moscow, Russia
| | - Alexei Ossadtchi
- Center for Bioelectric Interfaces, Higher School of Economics, Moscow, Russia.,AIRI, Artificial Intelligence Research Institute, Moscow, Russia
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Komoltsev IG, Frankevich SO, Shirobokova NI, Volkova AA, Onufriev MV, Moiseeva JV, Novikova MR, Gulyaeva NV. Neuroinflammation and Neuronal Loss in the Hippocampus Are Associated with Immediate Posttraumatic Seizures and Corticosterone Elevation in Rats. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:5883. [PMID: 34070933 PMCID: PMC8198836 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22115883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2021] [Revised: 05/25/2021] [Accepted: 05/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Hippocampal damage after traumatic brain injury (TBI) is associated with late posttraumatic conditions, such as depression, cognitive decline and epilepsy. Mechanisms of selective hippocampal damage after TBI are not well understood. In this study, using rat TBI model (lateral fluid percussion cortical injury), we assessed potential association of immediate posttraumatic seizures and changes in corticosterone (CS) levels with neuroinflammation and neuronal cell loss in the hippocampus. Indices of distant hippocampal damage (neurodegeneration and neuroinflammation) were assessed using histological analysis (Nissl staining, Iba-1 immunohistochemical staining) and ELISA (IL-1β and CS) 1, 3, 7 and 14 days after TBI or sham operation in male Wistar rats (n = 146). IL-1β was elevated only in the ipsilateral hippocampus on day 1 after trauma. CS peak was detected on day 3 in blood, the ipsilateral and contralateral hippocampus. Neuronal cell loss in the hippocampus was demonstrated bilaterally; in the ipsilateral hippocampus it started earlier than in the contralateral. Microglial activation was evident in the hippocampus bilaterally on day 7 after TBI. The duration of immediate seizures correlated with CS elevation, levels of IL-1β and neuronal loss in the hippocampus. The data suggest potential association of immediate post-traumatic seizures with CS-dependent neuroinflammation-mediated distant hippocampal damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilia G. Komoltsev
- Laboratory of Functional Biochemistry of the Nervous System, Institute of Higher Nervous Activity and Neurophysiology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 5A Butlerov Str., 117485 Moscow, Russia; (I.G.K.); (S.O.F.); (N.I.S.); (A.A.V.); (M.V.O.); (J.V.M.); (M.R.N.)
- Research and Clinical Center for Neuropsychiatry of Moscow Healthcare Department, 43 Donskaya Str., 115419 Moscow, Russia
| | - Stepan O. Frankevich
- Laboratory of Functional Biochemistry of the Nervous System, Institute of Higher Nervous Activity and Neurophysiology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 5A Butlerov Str., 117485 Moscow, Russia; (I.G.K.); (S.O.F.); (N.I.S.); (A.A.V.); (M.V.O.); (J.V.M.); (M.R.N.)
| | - Natalia I. Shirobokova
- Laboratory of Functional Biochemistry of the Nervous System, Institute of Higher Nervous Activity and Neurophysiology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 5A Butlerov Str., 117485 Moscow, Russia; (I.G.K.); (S.O.F.); (N.I.S.); (A.A.V.); (M.V.O.); (J.V.M.); (M.R.N.)
| | - Aleksandra A. Volkova
- Laboratory of Functional Biochemistry of the Nervous System, Institute of Higher Nervous Activity and Neurophysiology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 5A Butlerov Str., 117485 Moscow, Russia; (I.G.K.); (S.O.F.); (N.I.S.); (A.A.V.); (M.V.O.); (J.V.M.); (M.R.N.)
| | - Mikhail V. Onufriev
- Laboratory of Functional Biochemistry of the Nervous System, Institute of Higher Nervous Activity and Neurophysiology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 5A Butlerov Str., 117485 Moscow, Russia; (I.G.K.); (S.O.F.); (N.I.S.); (A.A.V.); (M.V.O.); (J.V.M.); (M.R.N.)
| | - Julia V. Moiseeva
- Laboratory of Functional Biochemistry of the Nervous System, Institute of Higher Nervous Activity and Neurophysiology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 5A Butlerov Str., 117485 Moscow, Russia; (I.G.K.); (S.O.F.); (N.I.S.); (A.A.V.); (M.V.O.); (J.V.M.); (M.R.N.)
| | - Margarita R. Novikova
- Laboratory of Functional Biochemistry of the Nervous System, Institute of Higher Nervous Activity and Neurophysiology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 5A Butlerov Str., 117485 Moscow, Russia; (I.G.K.); (S.O.F.); (N.I.S.); (A.A.V.); (M.V.O.); (J.V.M.); (M.R.N.)
| | - Natalia V. Gulyaeva
- Laboratory of Functional Biochemistry of the Nervous System, Institute of Higher Nervous Activity and Neurophysiology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 5A Butlerov Str., 117485 Moscow, Russia; (I.G.K.); (S.O.F.); (N.I.S.); (A.A.V.); (M.V.O.); (J.V.M.); (M.R.N.)
- Research and Clinical Center for Neuropsychiatry of Moscow Healthcare Department, 43 Donskaya Str., 115419 Moscow, Russia
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