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Lecoquierre F, Punt AM, Ebstein F, Wallaard I, Verhagen R, Studencka-Turski M, Duffourd Y, Moutton S, Tran Mau-Them F, Philippe C, Dean J, Tennant S, Brooks AS, van Slegtenhorst MA, Jurgens JA, Barry BJ, Chan WM, England EM, Martinez Ojeda M, Engle EC, Robson CD, Morrow M, Innes AM, Lamont R, Sanderson M, Krüger E, Thauvin C, Distel B, Faivre L, Elgersma Y, Vitobello A. A recurrent missense variant in the E3 ubiquitin ligase substrate recognition subunit FEM1B causes a rare syndromic neurodevelopmental disorder. Genet Med 2024; 26:101119. [PMID: 38465576 DOI: 10.1016/j.gim.2024.101119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2023] [Revised: 03/04/2024] [Accepted: 03/05/2024] [Indexed: 03/12/2024] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Fem1 homolog B (FEM1B) acts as a substrate recognition subunit for ubiquitin ligase complexes belonging to the CULLIN 2-based E3 family. Several biological functions have been proposed for FEM1B, including a structurally resolved function as a sensor for redox cell status by controlling mitochondrial activity, but its implication in human disease remains elusive. METHODS To understand the involvement of FEM1B in human disease, we made use of Matchmaker exchange platforms to identify individuals with de novo variants in FEM1B and performed their clinical evaluation. We performed functional validation using primary neuronal cultures and in utero electroporation assays, as well as experiments on patient's cells. RESULTS Five individuals with a recurrent de novo missense variant in FEM1B were identified: NM_015322.5:c.377G>A NP_056137.1:p.(Arg126Gln) (FEM1BR126Q). Affected individuals shared a severe neurodevelopmental disorder with behavioral phenotypes and a variable set of malformations, including brain anomalies, clubfeet, skeletal abnormalities, and facial dysmorphism. Overexpression of the FEM1BR126Q variant but not FEM1B wild-type protein, during mouse brain development, resulted in delayed neuronal migration of the target cells. In addition, the individuals' cells exhibited signs of oxidative stress and induction of type I interferon signaling. CONCLUSION Overall, our data indicate that p.(Arg126Gln) induces aberrant FEM1B activation, resulting in a gain-of-function mechanism associated with a severe syndromic developmental disorder in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- François Lecoquierre
- Univ Rouen Normandie, Inserm U1245 and CHU Rouen, Department of Genetics and reference center for developmental disorders, Rouen, France; UMR1231 GAD, Inserm, Université Bourgogne-Franche Comté, Dijon, France.
| | - A Mattijs Punt
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands; ENCORE Expertise Center for Neurodevelopmental Disorders, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Frédéric Ebstein
- Institut für Medizinische Biochemie und Molekularbiologie (IMBM), Universitätsmedizin Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany; Nantes Université, INSERM, CNRS, l'institut du thorax, Nantes Cedex 1, France
| | - Ilse Wallaard
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands; ENCORE Expertise Center for Neurodevelopmental Disorders, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Rob Verhagen
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands; ENCORE Expertise Center for Neurodevelopmental Disorders, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Maja Studencka-Turski
- Institut für Medizinische Biochemie und Molekularbiologie (IMBM), Universitätsmedizin Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Yannis Duffourd
- UMR1231 GAD, Inserm, Université Bourgogne-Franche Comté, Dijon, France
| | - Sébastien Moutton
- UMR1231 GAD, Inserm, Université Bourgogne-Franche Comté, Dijon, France
| | - Frédédic Tran Mau-Them
- UMR1231 GAD, Inserm, Université Bourgogne-Franche Comté, Dijon, France; Unité Fonctionnelle Innovation en Diagnostic Génomique des Maladies Rares, Fédération Hospitalo-Universitaire-TRANSLAD, CHU Dijon Bourgogne, Dijon, France
| | - Christophe Philippe
- UMR1231 GAD, Inserm, Université Bourgogne-Franche Comté, Dijon, France; Laboratoire de Génétique, CHR Metz-Thionville, Hôpital Mercy, Metz, France
| | - John Dean
- Department of Medical Genetics, NHS Grampian, Aberdeen, United Kingdom
| | - Stephen Tennant
- NHS Grampian, Genetics & Molecular Pathology Laboratory Services, Aberdeen, United Kingdom
| | - Alice S Brooks
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - Julie A Jurgens
- F.M. Kirby Neurobiology Center, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA; Department of Neurology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA; Department of Neurology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA
| | - Brenda J Barry
- F.M. Kirby Neurobiology Center, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA; Department of Neurology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, MD
| | - Wai-Man Chan
- F.M. Kirby Neurobiology Center, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA; Department of Neurology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA; Department of Neurology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, MD
| | - Eleina M England
- Center for Mendelian Genomics, Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA; Analytic and Translational Genetics Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA; Division of Genetics and Genomics, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA
| | | | - Elizabeth C Engle
- F.M. Kirby Neurobiology Center, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA; Department of Neurology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA; Department of Neurology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, MD; Department of Ophthalmology, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Caroline D Robson
- Division of Neuroradiology, Department of Radiology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA; Department of Radiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | | | - A Micheil Innes
- Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute for Child and Maternal Health and Department of Medical Genetics, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Ryan Lamont
- Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute for Child and Maternal Health and Department of Medical Genetics, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Matthea Sanderson
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Elke Krüger
- Institut für Medizinische Biochemie und Molekularbiologie (IMBM), Universitätsmedizin Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Christel Thauvin
- UMR1231 GAD, Inserm, Université Bourgogne-Franche Comté, Dijon, France; Unité Fonctionnelle Innovation en Diagnostic Génomique des Maladies Rares, Fédération Hospitalo-Universitaire-TRANSLAD, CHU Dijon Bourgogne, Dijon, France; Centre de référence maladies rares « Déficiences Intellectuelles de Causes Rares », Centre de Génétique, FHU-TRANSLAD, CHU Dijon Bourgogne, Dijon, France
| | - Ben Distel
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands; ENCORE Expertise Center for Neurodevelopmental Disorders, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Laurence Faivre
- UMR1231 GAD, Inserm, Université Bourgogne-Franche Comté, Dijon, France; Centre de Référence maladies rares « Anomalies du Développement et Syndromes Malformatifs », Centre de Génétique, FHU-TRANSLAD, CHU Dijon Bourgogne, Dijon, France
| | - Ype Elgersma
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands; ENCORE Expertise Center for Neurodevelopmental Disorders, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Antonio Vitobello
- UMR1231 GAD, Inserm, Université Bourgogne-Franche Comté, Dijon, France; Unité Fonctionnelle Innovation en Diagnostic Génomique des Maladies Rares, Fédération Hospitalo-Universitaire-TRANSLAD, CHU Dijon Bourgogne, Dijon, France
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Donlon J, Kumari P, Varghese SP, Bai M, Florentin OD, Frost ED, Banks J, Vadlapatla N, Kam O, Shad MU, Rahman S, Abulseoud OA, Stone TW, Koola MM. Integrative Pharmacology in the Treatment of Substance Use Disorders. J Dual Diagn 2024; 20:132-177. [PMID: 38117676 DOI: 10.1080/15504263.2023.2293854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2023]
Abstract
The detrimental physical, mental, and socioeconomic effects of substance use disorders (SUDs) have been apparent to the medical community for decades. However, it has become increasingly urgent in recent years to develop novel pharmacotherapies to treat SUDs. Currently, practitioners typically rely on monotherapy. Monotherapy has been shown to be superior to no treatment at all for most substance classes. However, many randomized controlled trials (RCTs) have revealed that monotherapy leads to poorer outcomes when compared with combination treatment in all specialties of medicine. The results of RCTs suggest that monotherapy frequently fails since multiple dysregulated pathways, enzymes, neurotransmitters, and receptors are involved in the pathophysiology of SUDs. As such, research is urgently needed to determine how various neurobiological mechanisms can be targeted by novel combination treatments to create increasingly specific yet exceedingly comprehensive approaches to SUD treatment. This article aims to review the neurobiology that integrates many pathophysiologic mechanisms and discuss integrative pharmacology developments that may ultimately improve clinical outcomes for patients with SUDs. Many neurobiological mechanisms are known to be involved in SUDs including dopaminergic, nicotinic, N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA), and kynurenic acid (KYNA) mechanisms. Emerging evidence indicates that KYNA, a tryptophan metabolite, modulates all these major pathophysiologic mechanisms. Therefore, achieving KYNA homeostasis by harmonizing integrative pathophysiology and pharmacology could prove to be a better therapeutic approach for SUDs. We propose KYNA-NMDA-α7nAChRcentric pathophysiology, the "conductor of the orchestra," as a novel approach to treat many SUDs concurrently. KYNA-NMDA-α7nAChR pathophysiology may be the "command center" of neuropsychiatry. To date, extant RCTs have shown equivocal findings across comparison conditions, possibly because investigators targeted single pathophysiologic mechanisms, hit wrong targets in underlying pathophysiologic mechanisms, and tested inadequate monotherapy treatment. We provide examples of potential combination treatments that simultaneously target multiple pathophysiologic mechanisms in addition to KYNA. Kynurenine pathway metabolism demonstrates the greatest potential as a target for neuropsychiatric diseases. The investigational medications with the most evidence include memantine, galantamine, and N-acetylcysteine. Future RCTs are warranted with novel combination treatments for SUDs. Multicenter RCTs with integrative pharmacology offer a promising, potentially fruitful avenue to develop novel therapeutics for the treatment of SUDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jack Donlon
- Cooper Medical School of Rowan University, Camden, New Jersey, USA
| | - Pooja Kumari
- Community Living Trent Highlands, Peterborough, Canada
| | - Sajoy P Varghese
- Addiction Recovery Treatment Services, Veterans Affairs Northern California Health Care System, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, California, USA
| | - Michael Bai
- Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Ori David Florentin
- Department of Psychiatry, Westchester Medical Center, Valhalla, New York, USA
| | - Emma D Frost
- Department of Neurology, Cooper University Health Care, Camden, New Jersey, USA
| | - John Banks
- Talkiatry Mental Health Clinic, New York, New York, USA
| | - Niyathi Vadlapatla
- Thomas Jefferson High School for Science and Technology, Alexandria, Virginia, USA
| | - Olivia Kam
- Stony Brook University Renaissance School of Medicine, Stony Brook, New York, USA
| | - Mujeeb U Shad
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Las Vegas, Nevada, USA
| | - Shafiqur Rahman
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, South Dakota State University, Brookings, South Dakota, USA
| | - Osama A Abulseoud
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, Alix School of Medicine at Mayo Clinic, Phoenix, Arizona, USA
| | - Trevor W Stone
- Nuffield Department of Orthopedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences (NDORMS), University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Maju Mathew Koola
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Health, Cooper University Health Care, Cooper Medical School of Rowan University, Camden, New Jersey, USA
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3
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Luo B. Insights into the advances in therapeutic drugs for neuroinflammation-related diseases. Int J Neurosci 2023:1-26. [PMID: 37722706 DOI: 10.1080/00207454.2023.2260088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 09/20/2023]
Abstract
Studies have shown that neurodegenerative diseases such as AD and PD are related to neuroinflammation. Neuroinflammation is a common inflammatory condition that can lead to a variety of dysfunction in the body. At present, it is no medications specifically approved to prevent or cure neuroinflammation, so even though many drugs can temporarily control the neurological symptoms of neuroinflammation, but no one can reverse the progress of neuroinflammation, let al.one completely cure neuroinflammation. Therefore, it is urgent to develop new drug development for neuroinflammation treatment. In this review, we highlight the therapeutic advancement in the field of neurodegenerative disorders, by focusing on the impact of neuroinflammation treatment has on these conditions, and the effective drugs for the treatment of neuroinflammation and neurodegenerative diseases and their latest research progress are reviewed according to the related signaling pathway, as well as the prospect of their clinical application is also discussed. The purpose of this review is to enable specialists to better understand the mechanisms underlying neuroinflammation and anti-inflammatory drugs, promote the development of therapeutic drugs for neuroinflammation and neurodegenerative diseases, and further provide therapeutic references for clinical neurologists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bozhi Luo
- School of Basic Medicine, Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang, China
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4
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Dale RC, Thomas T, Patel S, Han VX, Kothur K, Troedson C, Gupta S, Gill D, Malone S, Waak M, Calvert S, Subramanian G, Andrews PI, Kandula T, Menezes MP, Ardern‐Holmes S, Mohammad S, Bandodkar S, Yan J. CSF neopterin and quinolinic acid are biomarkers of neuroinflammation and neurotoxicity in FIRES and other infection-triggered encephalopathy syndromes. Ann Clin Transl Neurol 2023; 10:1417-1432. [PMID: 37340737 PMCID: PMC10424664 DOI: 10.1002/acn3.51832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2023] [Revised: 05/28/2023] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/22/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Infection-triggered encephalopathy syndromes (ITES) are potentially devastating neuroinflammatory conditions. Although some ITES syndromes have recognisable MRI neuroimaging phenotypes, there are otherwise few biomarkers of disease. Early detection to enable immune modulatory treatments could improve outcomes. METHODS We measured CSF neopterin, quinolinic acid, kynurenine and kynurenine/tryptophan ratio using a liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) system. The CSF of 18 children with ITES were compared with acute encephalitis (n = 20), and three control groups, namely epilepsy (n = 20), status epilepticus (n = 18) and neurogenetic controls (n = 20). RESULTS The main ITES phenotypes in 18 patients were acute encephalopathy with biphasic seizures and late restricted diffusion (AESD, n = 4), febrile infection-related epilepsy syndrome (FIRES n = 4) and other ITES phenotypes. Influenza A was the most common infectious trigger (n = 5), and 50% of patients had a preceding notable neurodevelopmental or family history. CSF neopterin, quinolinic acid and kynurenine were elevated in ITES group compared to the three control groups (all p < 0.0002). The ROC (area under curve) for CSF neopterin (99.3%, CI 98.1-100) was significantly better than CSF pleocytosis (87.3% CI 76.4-98.2) (p = 0.028). Elevated CSF neopterin could discriminate ITES from other causes of seizures, status epilepticus and febrile status epilepticus (all p < 0.0002). The elevated CSF metabolites normalised during longitudinal testing in two patients with FIRES. INTERPRETATION CSF neopterin and quinolinic acid are neuroinflammatory and excitotoxic metabolites. This CSF metabolomic inflammatory panel can discriminate ITES from other causes of new onset seizures or status epilepticus, and rapid results (4 h) may facilitate early immune modulatory therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Russell C. Dale
- Kids Neuroscience Centre, The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Faculty of Medicine and HealthUniversity of SydneyWestmeadNew South WalesAustralia
- Clinical School, The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Faculty of Medicine and HealthUniversity of SydneyWestmeadNew South WalesAustralia
| | - Terrence Thomas
- Department of Paediatrics, Neurology ServiceKK Women's and Children's HospitalSingaporeSingapore
| | - Shrujna Patel
- Kids Neuroscience Centre, The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Faculty of Medicine and HealthUniversity of SydneyWestmeadNew South WalesAustralia
- Clinical School, The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Faculty of Medicine and HealthUniversity of SydneyWestmeadNew South WalesAustralia
| | - Velda X. Han
- Khoo Teck Puat‐National University Children's Medical InstituteNational University Health SystemSingaporeSingapore
| | - Kavitha Kothur
- Kids Neuroscience Centre, The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Faculty of Medicine and HealthUniversity of SydneyWestmeadNew South WalesAustralia
- Clinical School, The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Faculty of Medicine and HealthUniversity of SydneyWestmeadNew South WalesAustralia
- TY Nelson Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, The Children's Hospital at WestmeadThe University of SydneyWestmeadNew South WalesAustralia
| | - Christopher Troedson
- TY Nelson Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, The Children's Hospital at WestmeadThe University of SydneyWestmeadNew South WalesAustralia
| | - Sachin Gupta
- TY Nelson Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, The Children's Hospital at WestmeadThe University of SydneyWestmeadNew South WalesAustralia
| | - Deepak Gill
- Kids Neuroscience Centre, The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Faculty of Medicine and HealthUniversity of SydneyWestmeadNew South WalesAustralia
- TY Nelson Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, The Children's Hospital at WestmeadThe University of SydneyWestmeadNew South WalesAustralia
| | - Stephen Malone
- Department of NeuroscienceQueensland Children's HospitalSouth BrisbaneQueenslandAustralia
| | - Michaela Waak
- Department of NeuroscienceQueensland Children's HospitalSouth BrisbaneQueenslandAustralia
| | - Sophie Calvert
- Department of NeuroscienceQueensland Children's HospitalSouth BrisbaneQueenslandAustralia
| | - Gopinath Subramanian
- Department of PaediatricsJohn Hunter Children's HospitalNewcastleNew South WalesAustralia
| | - P. Ian Andrews
- Department of NeurologySydney Children's Hospital NetworkSydneyNew South WalesAustralia
| | - Tejaswi Kandula
- Department of NeurologySydney Children's Hospital NetworkSydneyNew South WalesAustralia
| | - Manoj P. Menezes
- Kids Neuroscience Centre, The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Faculty of Medicine and HealthUniversity of SydneyWestmeadNew South WalesAustralia
- TY Nelson Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, The Children's Hospital at WestmeadThe University of SydneyWestmeadNew South WalesAustralia
| | - Simone Ardern‐Holmes
- TY Nelson Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, The Children's Hospital at WestmeadThe University of SydneyWestmeadNew South WalesAustralia
| | - Shekeeb Mohammad
- Kids Neuroscience Centre, The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Faculty of Medicine and HealthUniversity of SydneyWestmeadNew South WalesAustralia
- Clinical School, The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Faculty of Medicine and HealthUniversity of SydneyWestmeadNew South WalesAustralia
- TY Nelson Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, The Children's Hospital at WestmeadThe University of SydneyWestmeadNew South WalesAustralia
| | - Sushil Bandodkar
- Clinical School, The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Faculty of Medicine and HealthUniversity of SydneyWestmeadNew South WalesAustralia
- Department of BiochemistryThe Children's Hospital at WestmeadWestmeadNew South WalesAustralia
| | - Jingya Yan
- Kids Neuroscience Centre, The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Faculty of Medicine and HealthUniversity of SydneyWestmeadNew South WalesAustralia
- Clinical School, The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Faculty of Medicine and HealthUniversity of SydneyWestmeadNew South WalesAustralia
- Department of BiochemistryThe Children's Hospital at WestmeadWestmeadNew South WalesAustralia
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Monet MC, Quan N. Complex Neuroimmune Involvement in Neurodevelopment: A Mini-Review. J Inflamm Res 2023; 16:2979-2991. [PMID: 37489149 PMCID: PMC10363380 DOI: 10.2147/jir.s410562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 07/26/2023] Open
Abstract
It is increasingly evident that cells and molecules of the immune system play significant roles in neurodevelopment. As perinatal infection is associated with the development of neurodevelopmental disorders, previous research has focused on demonstrating that the induction of neuroinflammation in the developing brain is capable of causing neuropathology and behavioral changes. Recent studies, however, have revealed that immune cells and molecules in the brain can influence neurodevelopment without the induction of overt inflammation, identifying neuroimmune activities as integral parts of normal neurodevelopment. This mini-review describes the shift in literature that has moved from emphasizing the intrusion of inflammatory events as a main culprit of neurodevelopmental disorders to evaluating the deviation of the normal neuroimmune activities in neurodevelopment as a potential pathogenic mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marianne C Monet
- Stiles-Nicholson Brain Institute, Florida Atlantic University, Jupiter, FL, USA
| | - Ning Quan
- Department of Biomedical Science, Charles E. Schmidt College of Medicine, Jupiter, FL, USA
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6
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Correia BSB, de Moraes Pontes JG, Nani JVS, Villalta F, Mor NC, Bordini D, Brunoni D, Brentani H, Mari JJ, Hayashi MAF, Tasic L. 1H NMR Metabolomics and Lipidomics To Monitor Positive Responses in Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder Following a Guided Parental Intervention: A Pilot Study. ACS Chem Neurosci 2023; 14:1137-1145. [PMID: 36808953 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.2c00735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a complex neurodevelopmental condition that is characterized by patients displaying at least two out of the classical symptoms, such as impaired social communication, impaired interactions, and restricted repetitive behavior. Early parent-mediated interventions, such as video modeling for parental training, were demonstrated to be a successful low-cost way to deliver care for children with ASD. Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR)-based metabolomics/lipidomics has been successfully employed in several mental disorder studies. Metabolomics and lipidomics of 37 ASD patients (children, aged 3-8 years), who were divided into two groups, one control group with no parental-training intervention (N = 18) and the other in which the parents were trained by a video modeling intervention (ASD parental training, N = 19), were analyzed by proton NMR spectroscopy. Patients in the ASD parental-training group sera were seen to have increased glucose, myo-inositol, malonate, proline, phenylalanine, and gangliosides in their blood serum, while cholesterol, choline, and lipids were decreased, compared to the control group, who received no parental-training. Taken together, we demonstrated here significant changes in serum metabolites and lipids in ASD children, previously demonstrated to show clinical positive effects following a parental training intervention based on video modeling, delivered over 22 weeks. We demonstrate the value of applying metabolomics and lipidomics to identify potential biomarkers for clinical interventions follow-up in ASD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Banny Silva Barbosa Correia
- Chemical Biology Laboratory, Department of Organic Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, SP 13083-970, Brazil
| | - João Guilherme de Moraes Pontes
- Chemical Biology Laboratory, Department of Organic Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, SP 13083-970, Brazil
| | - João Victor Silva Nani
- Departamento de Farmacologia, Escola Paulista de Medicina (EPM), Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, SP 04044-020, Brazil.,National Institute for Translational Medicine (INCT-TM, CNPq), Ribeirão Preto 14026, Brazil
| | - Fabian Villalta
- Chemical Biology Laboratory, Department of Organic Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, SP 13083-970, Brazil
| | - Natalia Cristina Mor
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, SP 13083-970, Brazil
| | - Daniela Bordini
- Department of Psychiatry, Escola Paulista de Medicina (EPM), Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP/EPM), São Paulo, SP 04044-020, Brazil
| | - Décio Brunoni
- Department of Genetics and Morphology, Escola Paulista de Medicina (EPM), Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP/EPM), São Paulo, SP 04044-020, Brazil
| | - Helena Brentani
- Departamento de Psiquiatria da FMUSP, University of São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, SP 05403-903, Brazil
| | - Jair Jesus Mari
- Department of Psychiatry, Escola Paulista de Medicina (EPM), Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP/EPM), São Paulo, SP 04044-020, Brazil
| | - Mirian A F Hayashi
- Departamento de Farmacologia, Escola Paulista de Medicina (EPM), Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, SP 04044-020, Brazil.,National Institute for Translational Medicine (INCT-TM, CNPq), Ribeirão Preto 14026, Brazil
| | - Ljubica Tasic
- Chemical Biology Laboratory, Department of Organic Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, SP 13083-970, Brazil
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7
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Lai W, Huang Z, Li S, Li XG, Luo D. Kynurenine pathway metabolites modulated the comorbidity of IBD and depressive symptoms through the immune response. Int Immunopharmacol 2023; 117:109840. [PMID: 36827928 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2023.109840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2022] [Revised: 01/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/24/2023]
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), including Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis, is defined as chronic inflammation in the gastrointestinal tract. Notably, more than 20% of people with IBD experience depressive symptoms. Understanding the immunological mechanism of chronic intestinal inflammation on cognitive behavior has become a key research focus. Previous studies have shown that a dysregulated immune response contributes to chronic inflammation and depressive symptoms. The tolerant phenotype exhibited by immune cells regulates the course of chronic inflammation in distinct ways. In addition, neuroglia, such as microglia and astrocytes specific to the brain, are also influenced by deregulated inflammation to mediate the development of depressive symptoms. The kynurenine pathway (KP), a significant tryptophan metabolic pathway, transforms tryptophan into a series of KP metabolites that modulate chronic inflammation and depressive symptoms. In particular, indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 1 (IDO1), a rate-limiting enzyme in the KP, is activated by chronic inflammation and leads to the production of kynurenine. In addition, disruption of the brain-gut axis induced by IBD allows kynurenine to cross the blood-brain barrier (BBB) and form a series of neuroactive kynurenine metabolites in glial cells. Among them, quinolinic acid continuously accumulates in the brain, indicating depression. Thus, KP metabolites are critical for driving the comorbidity of IBD and depressive symptoms. In this review, the pathological mechanism of KP metabolite-mediated chronic intestinal inflammation and depressive symptoms by regulating the immune response is summarized according to the latest reports.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiming Lai
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, School of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Ziheng Huang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, School of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Sheng Li
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510120, China
| | - Xiang-Guang Li
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, School of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China.
| | - Ding Luo
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510120, China.
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8
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Nielsen TC, Nassar N, Shand AW, Jones HF, Han VX, Patel S, Guastella AJ, Dale RC, Lain SJ. Association of maternal autoimmune disease and early childhood infections with offspring autism spectrum disorder: A population-based cohort study. Autism Res 2022; 15:2371-2380. [PMID: 36189896 PMCID: PMC10946525 DOI: 10.1002/aur.2824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2022] [Accepted: 09/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to examine potential synergistic effects between maternal autoimmune disease and early childhood infections and their association with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) in offspring. Both exposures have been associated with increased risk of ASD in previous studies, but potential synergistic effects remain underexplored. We conducted a population-based cohort study of singleton children born at term gestation (37-41 weeks) in New South Wales, Australia from January 2002 to December 2008. Maternal autoimmune diagnoses and childhood infections before age 2 years were identified from linked maternal and child hospital admissions, and ASD diagnoses by age 9 years were identified from linked disability services data. Multivariable logistic regression assessed the association between each exposure and ASD and additive interaction between exposures, controlling for potential confounders. A total of 18,451 children exposed to maternal autoimmune disease were propensity score matched (1:2) to 36,902 unexposed children. Any maternal autoimmune disease (adjusted odds ratio (aOR) 1.25, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.07-1.47) and any childhood infection before age 2 years (aOR 1.38, 95% CI 1.15-1.67) were each associated with ASD. However, there was no evidence of additive interaction between the two exposures (relative excess risk due to interaction [RERI] 0.128, 95% CI -0.418-0.675) resulting in increased odds of ASD in offspring. Future studies could examine potential interactions between other sources of maternal immune activation and childhood infection and impact on ASD and other neurodevelopmental disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy C. Nielsen
- Children's Hospital Westmead Clinical SchoolUniversity of SydneySydneyAustralia
| | - Natasha Nassar
- Children's Hospital Westmead Clinical SchoolUniversity of SydneySydneyAustralia
| | - Antonia W. Shand
- Children's Hospital Westmead Clinical SchoolUniversity of SydneySydneyAustralia
- Department of Maternal Fetal MedicineRoyal Hospital for WomenSydneyAustralia
| | - Hannah F. Jones
- Children's Hospital Westmead Clinical SchoolUniversity of SydneySydneyAustralia
- Starship Children's Hospital, University of AucklandAucklandNew Zealand
| | - Velda X. Han
- Children's Hospital Westmead Clinical SchoolUniversity of SydneySydneyAustralia
- Khoo Teck Puat‐National University Children's Medical Institute, National University Health SystemSingapore
| | - Shrujna Patel
- Children's Hospital Westmead Clinical SchoolUniversity of SydneySydneyAustralia
| | | | - Russell C. Dale
- Children's Hospital Westmead Clinical SchoolUniversity of SydneySydneyAustralia
| | - Samantha J. Lain
- Children's Hospital Westmead Clinical SchoolUniversity of SydneySydneyAustralia
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9
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Mahony C, O'Ryan C. A molecular framework for autistic experiences: Mitochondrial allostatic load as a mediator between autism and psychopathology. Front Psychiatry 2022; 13:985713. [PMID: 36506457 PMCID: PMC9732262 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2022.985713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Molecular autism research is evolving toward a biopsychosocial framework that is more informed by autistic experiences. In this context, research aims are moving away from correcting external autistic behaviors and toward alleviating internal distress. Autism Spectrum Conditions (ASCs) are associated with high rates of depression, suicidality and other comorbid psychopathologies, but this relationship is poorly understood. Here, we integrate emerging characterizations of internal autistic experiences within a molecular framework to yield insight into the prevalence of psychopathology in ASC. We demonstrate that descriptions of social camouflaging and autistic burnout resonate closely with the accepted definitions for early life stress (ELS) and chronic adolescent stress (CAS). We propose that social camouflaging could be considered a distinct form of CAS that contributes to allostatic overload, culminating in a pathophysiological state that is experienced as autistic burnout. Autistic burnout is thought to contribute to psychopathology via psychological and physiological mechanisms, but these remain largely unexplored by molecular researchers. Building on converging fields in molecular neuroscience, we discuss the substantial evidence implicating mitochondrial dysfunction in ASC to propose a novel role for mitochondrial allostatic load in the relationship between autism and psychopathology. An interplay between mitochondrial, neuroimmune and neuroendocrine signaling is increasingly implicated in stress-related psychopathologies, and these molecular players are also associated with neurodevelopmental, neurophysiological and neurochemical aspects of ASC. Together, this suggests an increased exposure and underlying molecular susceptibility to ELS that increases the risk of psychopathology in ASC. This article describes an integrative framework shaped by autistic experiences that highlights novel avenues for molecular research into mechanisms that directly affect the quality of life and wellbeing of autistic individuals. Moreover, this framework emphasizes the need for increased access to diagnoses, accommodations, and resources to improve mental health outcomes in autism.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Colleen O'Ryan
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
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10
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Jyonouchi H, Geng L, Rossignol DA, Frye RE. Long COVID Syndrome Presenting as Neuropsychiatric Exacerbations in Autism Spectrum Disorder: Insights for Treatment. J Pers Med 2022; 12:jpm12111815. [PMID: 36579544 PMCID: PMC9695881 DOI: 10.3390/jpm12111815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2022] [Revised: 10/28/2022] [Accepted: 11/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
COVID-19 causes not only severe respiratory symptoms, but also long-term sequelae, even if the acute-phase symptoms are minor. Neurological and neuropsychiatric symptoms are emerging as major long-term sequalae. In patients with pre-existing behavioral symptoms, such as individuals with autism spectrum disorders (ASD), the emergence of neuropsychiatric symptoms due to long COVID can be difficult to diagnose and manage. Herein, we present three ASD cases who presented with markedly worsening neuropsychiatric symptoms following COVID-19 exposure and subsequent difficulty in managing the post-COVID neuropsychiatric symptoms. Case 1 contracted SARS-CoV-2 during the early stages of the pandemic and treatment targeting COVID-19-induced immune activation was delayed. Case 2 was asymptomatic in the acute stage of a confirmed COVID-19 exposure, but still developed significant neuropsychiatric symptoms. Case 3 demonstrated a difficult course, partly due to pre-existing immune dysregulation and prior use of multiple immunomodulating agents. In cases 1 and 3 for whom serial blood samples were obtained, notable changes in the production of inflammatory and counter-regulatory cytokines by peripheral blood monocytes were observed. The presented cases illustrate the profound effects of COVID-19 on neuropsychiatric symptoms in ASD subjects and the difficulty of managing long-COVID symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harumi Jyonouchi
- Saint Peter’s University Hospital (SPUH), New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA
- Correspondence:
| | - Lee Geng
- Saint Peter’s University Hospital (SPUH), New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA
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11
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Khantakova JN, Bondar NP, Sapronova AA, Reshetnikov VV. Delayed effects of neonatal immune activation on brain neurochemistry and hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis functioning. Eur J Neurosci 2022; 56:5931-5951. [PMID: 36156830 DOI: 10.1111/ejn.15831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2022] [Revised: 08/17/2022] [Accepted: 09/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
During the postnatal period, the brain is highly sensitive to stress and inflammation, which are hazardous to normal growth and development. There is increasing evidence that inflammatory processes in the early postnatal period increase the risk of psychopathologies and cognitive impairment later in life. On the other hand, there are few studies on the ability of infectious agents to cause long-term neuroinflammation, leading to changes in the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis functioning and an imbalance in the neurotransmitter system. In this review, we examine short- and long-term effects of neonatal-induced inflammation in rodents on glutamatergic, GABAergic and monoaminergic systems and on hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia N Khantakova
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences (SB RAS), Novosibirsk, Russia.,Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution 'Research Institute of Fundamental and Clinical Immunology' (RIFCI), Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Natalia P Bondar
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences (SB RAS), Novosibirsk, Russia.,Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Anna A Sapronova
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences (SB RAS), Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Vasiliy V Reshetnikov
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences (SB RAS), Novosibirsk, Russia.,Sirius University of Science and Technology, Sochi, Russia
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12
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Kainer D, Templeton AR, Prates ET, Jacboson D, Allan ER, Climer S, Garvin MR. Structural variants identified using non-Mendelian inheritance patterns advance the mechanistic understanding of autism spectrum disorder. HGG ADVANCES 2022; 4:100150. [PMCID: PMC9634371 DOI: 10.1016/j.xhgg.2022.100150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2022] [Accepted: 10/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The heritability of autism spectrum disorder (ASD), based on 680,000 families and five countries, is estimated to be nearly 80%, yet heritability reported from SNP-based studies are consistently lower, and few significant loci have been identified with genome-wide association studies. This gap in genomic information may reside in rare variants, interaction among variants (epistasis), or cryptic structural variation (SV) and may provide mechanisms that underlie ASD. Here we use a method to identify potential SVs based on non-Mendelian inheritance patterns in pedigrees using parent-child genotypes from ASD families and demonstrate that they are enriched in ASD-risk genes. Most are in non-coding genic space and are over-represented in expression quantitative trait loci, suggesting that they affect gene regulation, which we confirm with their overlap of differentially expressed genes in postmortem brain tissue of ASD individuals. We then identify an SV in the GRIK2 gene that alters RNA splicing and a regulatory region of the ACMSD gene in the kynurenine pathway as significantly associated with a non-verbal ASD phenotype, supporting our hypothesis that these currently excluded loci can provide a clearer mechanistic understanding of ASD. Finally, we use an explainable artificial intelligence approach to define subgroups demonstrating their use in the context of precision medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Kainer
- Computational Systems Biology, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, USA
| | - Alan R. Templeton
- Department of Biology, Washington University – St Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Erica T. Prates
- Computational Systems Biology, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, USA
| | - Daniel Jacboson
- Computational Systems Biology, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, USA
| | | | - Sharlee Climer
- Department of Computer Science, University of Missouri, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Michael R. Garvin
- Computational Systems Biology, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, USA,Williwaw Biosciences, LLC, Clarkston, MI, USA,Corresponding author
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13
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Bove M, Schiavone S, Tucci P, Sikora V, Dimonte S, Colia AL, Morgese MG, Trabace L. Ketamine administration in early postnatal life as a tool for mimicking Autism Spectrum Disorders core symptoms. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2022; 117:110560. [PMID: 35460811 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2022.110560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2021] [Revised: 04/11/2022] [Accepted: 04/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD) core symptoms include deficits of social interaction, stereotyped behaviours, dysfunction in language and communication. Beyond them, several additional symptoms, such as cognitive impairment, anxiety-like states and hyperactivity are often occurring, mainly overlapping with other neuropsychiatric diseases. To untangle mechanisms underlying ASD etiology, and to identify possible pharmacological approaches, different factors, such as environmental, immunological and genetic ones, need to be considered. In this context, ASD animal models, aiming to reproduce the wide range of behavioural phenotypes of this uniquely human disorder, represent a very useful tool. Ketamine administration in early postnatal life of mice has already been studied as a suitable animal model resembling psychotic-like symptoms. Here, we investigated whether ketamine administration, at postnatal days 7, 9 and 11, might induce behavioural features able to mimic ASD typical symptoms in adult mice. To this aim, we developed a 4-days behavioural tests battery, including Marble Burying, Hole Board, Olfactory and Social tests, to assess repetitive and stereotyped behaviour, social deficits and anxiety-like symptoms. Moreover, by using this mouse model, we performed neurochemical and biomolecular analyses, quantifying neurotransmitters belonging to excitatory-inhibitory pathways, such as glutamate, glutamine and gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA), as well as immune activation biomarkers related to ASD, such as CD11b and glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), in the hippocampus and amygdala. Possible alterations in levels of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) expression in the hippocampus and amygdala were also evaluated. Our results showed an increase in stereotyped behaviours, together with social impairments and anxiety-like behaviour in adult mice, receiving ketamine administration in early postnatal life. In addition, we found decreased BDNF and enhanced GFAP hippocampal expression levels, accompanied by elevations in glutamate amount, as well as reduction in GABA content in amygdala and hippocampus. In conclusion, early ketamine administration may represent a suitable animal model of ASD, exhibiting face validity to mimic specific ASD symptoms, such as social deficits, repetitive repertoire and anxiety-like behaviour.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Bove
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy
| | - Stefania Schiavone
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy
| | - Paolo Tucci
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy
| | - Vladyslav Sikora
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy; Department of Pathology, Sumy State University, Sumy, Ukraine
| | - Stefania Dimonte
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy
| | - Anna Laura Colia
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy
| | - Maria Grazia Morgese
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy
| | - Luigia Trabace
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy.
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14
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Carpita B, Migli L, Chiarantini I, Battaglini S, Montalbano C, Carmassi C, Cremone IM, Dell’Osso L. Autism Spectrum Disorder and Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder: A Literature Review. Brain Sci 2022; 12:brainsci12060792. [PMID: 35741677 PMCID: PMC9221419 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci12060792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2022] [Revised: 06/07/2022] [Accepted: 06/15/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Fetal alcohol spectrum disorders (FASD) are a group of conditions associated with the effects of prenatal alcohol exposure and characterized by somatic and neuropsychological alterations. On the other hand, autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is characterized by a multifaceted neurobehavioral syndrome. Since alcohol can affect every stage of brain development, some authors hypothesized that in utero alcohol exposure might be linked to an increased risk of ASD in subjects with genetic vulnerability. The present review aimed to summarize the available literature on the possible association between FASD and ASD, also focusing on the reported clinical overlaps and on the possible shared pathogenic mechanisms. Studies in this field have stressed similarities and differences between the two conditions, leading to controversial results. The available literature also highlighted that both the disorders are often misdiagnosed or underdiagnosed, stressing the need to broaden the perspective, paying specific attention to milder presentations and sub-syndromic traits.
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15
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Kynurenine pathway and autism spectrum phenotypes: an investigation among adults with autism spectrum disorder and their first-degree relatives. CNS Spectr 2022; 28:374-385. [PMID: 35634735 DOI: 10.1017/s1092852922000840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Increasing literature highlighted alterations of tryptophan (TRP) metabolism and kynurenine (KYN) pathway in children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). However, no study specifically focused on adult samples. Meanwhile, several authors stressed the relevance of investigating neurobiological correlates of adult forms of ASD and of those subthreshold ASD manifestations frequently found in relatives of ASD probands, known as broad autism phenotype (BAP). This work aimed to evaluate circulating levels of TRP and metabolites of KYN pathway in a sample of ASD adults, their first-degree relatives and controls (CTLs), investigating also the correlations between biochemical variables' levels and ASD symptoms. METHODS A sample of ASD adults, together with a group of first-degree relatives (BAP group) and unrelated CTLs were assessed by means of psychometric scales. Circulating levels of TRP, KYN, quinolinic acid (QA), and kynurenic acid (KYNA) were assessed in all subjects. RESULTS ASD patients reported significantly higher total scores than the other groups on all psychometric scales. BAP subjects scored significantly higher than CTLs. ASD patients reported significantly lower TRP levels than BAP and CTL groups. Moreover, significantly lower levels of KYNA were reported in both ASD and BAP groups than in CTLs. Specific patterns of associations were found between autism symptoms and biochemical variables. CONCLUSIONS Our findings confirm in adult samples the presence of altered TRP metabolism through KYN pathway. The intermediate alterations reported among relatives of ASD patients further stress the presence of a continuum between subthreshold and full-threshold ASD phenotypes also from a biochemical perspective.
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16
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Jang JH, Yoo SY, Park YE, Ji MJ, Park HM, Back JH, Lee JY, Kim DJ, Lee JE, Choi JS. The Kynurenine Pathway and Mediating Role of Stress in Addictive Disorders: A Focus on Alcohol Use Disorder and Internet Gaming Disorder. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:865576. [PMID: 35479326 PMCID: PMC9037037 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.865576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Stress plays an important role in the pathophysiology of addictive disorders. The kynurenine (KYN) pathway involved in neuroimmune and cognitive functions is activated under stress. However, the neuroimmunological–neurocognitive mechanisms in the role of stress in addictive disorders are unclear still now. Ninety-nine young adults aged 18–35 years [alcohol use disorder (AUD), N = 30; Internet gaming disorder (IGD), N = 34; healthy controls (HCs), N = 35] participated in this study. Stress levels, resilience, addiction severity, and neurocognitive functions were evaluated, and serum levels of tryptophan (TRP), 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT), KYN, and kynurenine acid (KYNA) were determined using liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry through blood samples. Both addictive disorder groups showed higher levels of stress, lower resilience, and impaired executive functions compared to the HC group. Importantly, the AUD group revealed significantly increased KYN levels and KYN/TRP ratios, as well as decreased KYNA levels and KYNA/KYN ratios compared to HCs (p < 0.001, p < 0.001, p = 0.033, and p < 0.001, respectively). The IGD group showed KYN levels and KYNA/KYN ratios intermediate between those of the AUD group and HCs. Furthermore, in the AUD group, the mediating effect of AUD on KYN through stress level was moderated by resilience [index of moderated mediation = −0.557, boot S.E = 0.331, BCa CI (−1.349, −0.081)]. Stress may induce an imbalance in downstream of KYN pathway metabolites, and the KYN/TRP ratio may play as a neuromediator between stress and behavioral changes in both addictive disorders. This study suggests that regulation of the KYN pathway is critical in the pathophysiology of addictive disorders and it may serve as an important target for future treatment modalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joon Hwan Jang
- Department of Psychiatry, Seoul National University Health Service Center, Seoul, South Korea.,Department of Human Systems Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - So Young Yoo
- Department of Psychiatry, SMG-SNU Boramae Medical Center, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Yae Eun Park
- Center for Theragnosis, Biomedical Research Division, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Mi-Jung Ji
- Advanced Analysis Center, Research Resources Division, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hyun-Mee Park
- Advanced Analysis Center, Research Resources Division, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Ji Hyun Back
- Center for Theragnosis, Biomedical Research Division, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul, South Korea.,Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Ji Yoon Lee
- Department of Psychiatry, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Dai Jin Kim
- Department of Psychiatry, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Ji Eun Lee
- Center for Theragnosis, Biomedical Research Division, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jung-Seok Choi
- Department of Psychiatry, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, South Korea
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17
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Bifidobacterium longum CCFM1077 Ameliorated Neurotransmitter Disorder and Neuroinflammation Closely Linked to Regulation in the Kynurenine Pathway of Autistic-like Rats. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14081615. [PMID: 35458177 PMCID: PMC9031594 DOI: 10.3390/nu14081615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2022] [Revised: 03/06/2022] [Accepted: 03/11/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The kynurenine pathway (KP) is abnormal in autistic patients and model animals. According to studies on the brain–gut axis, probiotics can help ameliorate the metabolic abnormalities of the KP in patients and model animals with neurological diseases. This study was aimed at evaluating the ability of Bifidobacterium longum (B. longum) CCFM077 to enhance the gut microbiome and KP metabolism and regulate the neurotransmitter levels and neuroinflammation of autistic rats. The KP metabolism of autistic rats was significantly disordered and significantly related to the regulation of neurotransmitter (excitation and inhibition) and neuroglia states. B. longum CCFM1077 could effectively alleviate autistic-like behaviours (repetitive stereotyped behaviour, learning and memory ability, and despair mood) and regulate the KP metabolism in the periphery system (gut and blood) and brain. In particular, B. longum CCFM1077 could significant regulate the quinolinic acid (QUIN) level in the brain and markedly regulate glutamic acid (Glu) and Glu/γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) levels in the brain while alleviating microglia activity in the cerebellum. Through a correlation analysis, the QUIN level in the brain was strongly related with autistic-like behaviours and neurotransmitter levels (GABA and Glu). The QUIN level may thus be a potential therapeutic marker for treating autism through the intestinal and neural pathways.
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18
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Ejlersen M, Ilieva M, Michel TM. Superoxide dismutase isozymes in cerebral organoids from autism spectrum disorder patients. J Neural Transm (Vienna) 2022; 129:617-626. [PMID: 35266053 DOI: 10.1007/s00702-022-02472-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2021] [Accepted: 02/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Autism spectrum disorder is a pervasive neurodevelopmental disorder with a substantial contribution to the global disease burden. Despite intensive research efforts, the aetiopathogenesis remains unclear. The Janus-faced antioxidant enzymes superoxide dismutase 1-3 have been implicated in initiating oxidative stress and as such may constitute a potential therapeutic target. However, no measurement has been taken in human autistic brain samples. The aim of this study is to measure superoxide dismutase 1-3 in autistic cerebral organoids as an in vitro model of human foetal neurodevelopment. Whole brain organoids were created from induced pluripotent stem cells from healthy individuals (n = 5) and individuals suffering from autism (n = 4). Using Pierce bicinchoninic acid and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays, the protein and superoxide dismutase 1, 2, and 3 concentrations were quantified in the cerebral organoids at days 22, 32, and 42. Measurements were normalized to the protein concentration. Results represented using medians and interquartile ranges. Using Wilcoxon matched-pairs signed-rank test, an abrupt rise in the superoxide dismutase concentration was observed at day 32 and onwards. Using Wilcoxon rank-sum test, no differences were observed between healthy (SOD1: 35.56 ng/mL ± 3.46; SOD2: 2435.80 ng/mL ± 1327.00; SOD3: 1854.88 ng/mL ± 867.94) and autistic (SOD1: 32.85 ng/mL ± 5.26; SOD2: 2717.80 ng/mL ± 1889.10; SOD3: 1690.18 ng/mL ± 615.49) organoids. Cerebral organoids recapitulate many aspects of human neurodevelopment, but the diffusion restriction may render efforts in modelling differences in oxidative stress futile due to the intrinsic hypoxia and central necrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morten Ejlersen
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Southern Denmark, J.B. Winsløws Vej 19.3, 5000, Odense, Denmark
| | - Mirolyuba Ilieva
- Research Unit of the Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital of Southern Denmark, J.B. Winsløws Vej 20, 5000, Odense, Denmark
| | - Tanja Maria Michel
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Southern Denmark, J.B. Winsløws Vej 19.3, 5000, Odense, Denmark.
- Research Unit of the Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital of Southern Denmark, J.B. Winsløws Vej 20, 5000, Odense, Denmark.
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19
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Chernikova MA, Flores GD, Kilroy E, Labus JS, Mayer EA, Aziz-Zadeh L. The Brain-Gut-Microbiome System: Pathways and Implications for Autism Spectrum Disorder. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13124497. [PMID: 34960049 PMCID: PMC8704412 DOI: 10.3390/nu13124497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2021] [Revised: 12/08/2021] [Accepted: 12/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Gastrointestinal dysfunction is one of the most prevalent physiological symptoms of autism spectrum disorder (ASD). A growing body of largely preclinical research suggests that dysbiotic gut microbiota may modulate brain function and social behavior, yet little is known about the mechanisms that underlie these relationships and how they may influence the pathogenesis or severity of ASD. While various genetic and environmental risk factors have been implicated in ASD, this review aims to provide an overview of studies elucidating the mechanisms by which gut microbiota, associated metabolites, and the brain interact to influence behavior and ASD development, in at least a subgroup of individuals with gastrointestinal problems. Specifically, we review the brain-gut-microbiome system and discuss findings from current animal and human studies as they relate to social-behavioral and neurological impairments in ASD, microbiota-targeted therapies (i.e., probiotics, fecal microbiota transplantation) in ASD, and how microbiota may influence the brain at molecular, structural, and functional levels, with a particular interest in social and emotion-related brain networks. A deeper understanding of microbiome-brain-behavior interactions has the potential to inform new therapies aimed at modulating this system and alleviating both behavioral and physiological symptomatology in individuals with ASD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle A. Chernikova
- USC Chan Division of Occupational Science and Occupational Therapy, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA; (M.A.C.); (G.D.F.); (E.K.)
- Brain and Creativity Institute, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
- Psychology Department, Loyola Marymount University, Los Angeles, CA 90045, USA
| | - Genesis D. Flores
- USC Chan Division of Occupational Science and Occupational Therapy, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA; (M.A.C.); (G.D.F.); (E.K.)
- Brain and Creativity Institute, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
- Psychology Department, California State Polytechnic University, Pomona, CA 91768, USA
| | - Emily Kilroy
- USC Chan Division of Occupational Science and Occupational Therapy, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA; (M.A.C.); (G.D.F.); (E.K.)
- Brain and Creativity Institute, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
| | - Jennifer S. Labus
- G. Oppenheimer Center for Neurobiology of Stress and Resilience, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA;
- Vatche and Tamar Manoukian Division of Digestive Diseases, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- Gonda (Goldschmied) Neuroscience and Genetics Research Center, Brain Research Institute UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Emeran A. Mayer
- G. Oppenheimer Center for Neurobiology of Stress and Resilience, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA;
- Vatche and Tamar Manoukian Division of Digestive Diseases, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- Correspondence: (E.A.M.); (L.A.-Z.)
| | - Lisa Aziz-Zadeh
- USC Chan Division of Occupational Science and Occupational Therapy, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA; (M.A.C.); (G.D.F.); (E.K.)
- Brain and Creativity Institute, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
- Correspondence: (E.A.M.); (L.A.-Z.)
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20
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Bam S, Buchanan E, Mahony C, O'Ryan C. DNA Methylation of PGC-1α Is Associated With Elevated mtDNA Copy Number and Altered Urinary Metabolites in Autism Spectrum Disorder. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:696428. [PMID: 34381777 PMCID: PMC8352569 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.696428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2021] [Accepted: 07/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a complex disorder that is underpinned by numerous dysregulated biological pathways, including pathways that affect mitochondrial function. Epigenetic mechanisms contribute to this dysregulation and DNA methylation is an important factor in the etiology of ASD. We measured DNA methylation of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma coactivator-1 alpha (PGC-1α), as well as five genes involved in regulating mitochondrial homeostasis to examine mitochondrial dysfunction in an ASD cohort of South African children. Using targeted Next Generation bisulfite sequencing, we found differential methylation (p < 0.05) at six key genes converging on mitochondrial biogenesis, fission and fusion in ASD, namely PGC-1α, STOML2, MFN2, FIS1, OPA1, and GABPA. PGC-1α, the transcriptional regulator of biogenesis, was significantly hypermethylated at eight CpG sites in the gene promoter, one of which contained a putative binding site for CAMP response binding element 1 (CREB1) (p = 1 × 10–6). Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) copy number, a marker of mitochondrial function, was elevated (p = 0.002) in ASD compared to controls and correlated significantly with DNA methylation at the PGC-1α promoter and there was a positive correlation between methylation at PGC-1α CpG#1 and mtDNA copy number (Spearman’s r = 0.2, n = 49, p = 0.04) in ASD. Furthermore, DNA methylation at PGC-1α CpG#1 and mtDNA copy number correlated significantly (p < 0.05) with levels of urinary organic acids associated with mitochondrial dysfunction, oxidative stress, and neuroendocrinology. Our data show differential methylation in ASD at six key genes converging on PGC-1α-dependent regulation of mitochondrial biogenesis and function. We demonstrate that methylation at the PGC-1α promoter is associated with elevated mtDNA copy number and metabolomic evidence of mitochondrial dysfunction in ASD. This highlights an unexplored role for DNA methylation in regulating specific pathways involved in mitochondrial biogenesis, fission and fusion contributing to mitochondrial dysfunction in ASD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophia Bam
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Erin Buchanan
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Caitlyn Mahony
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Colleen O'Ryan
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
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21
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Colizzi M, Bortoletto R, Costa R, Zoccante L. Palmitoylethanolamide and Its Biobehavioral Correlates in Autism Spectrum Disorder: A Systematic Review of Human and Animal Evidence. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13041346. [PMID: 33919499 PMCID: PMC8073263 DOI: 10.3390/nu13041346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2021] [Revised: 04/14/2021] [Accepted: 04/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) pathophysiology is not completely understood; however, altered inflammatory response and glutamate signaling have been reported, leading to the investigation of molecules targeting the immune-glutamatergic system in ASD treatment. Palmitoylethanolamide (PEA) is a naturally occurring saturated N-acylethanolamine that has proven to be effective in controlling inflammation, depression, epilepsy, and pain, possibly through a neuroprotective role against glutamate toxicity. Here, we systematically reviewed all human and animal studies examining PEA and its biobehavioral correlates in ASD. Studies indicate altered serum/brain levels of PEA and other endocannabinoids (ECBs)/acylethanolamines (AEs) in ASD. Altered PEA signaling response to social exposure and altered expression/activity of enzymes responsible for the synthesis and catalysis of ECBs/AEs, as well as downregulation of the peroxisome proliferator activated receptor-α (PPAR-α) and cannabinoid receptor target GPR55 mRNA brain expression, have been reported. Stress and exposure to exogenous cannabinoids may modulate ECBs/AEs levels and expression of candidate genes for neuropsychiatric disorders, with implications for ASD. Limited research suggests that PEA supplementation reduces overall autism severity by improving language and social and nonsocial behaviors. Potential neurobiological underpinnings include modulation of immune response, neuroinflammation, neurotrophy, apoptosis, neurogenesis, neuroplasticity, neurodegeneration, mitochondrial function, and microbiota activity, possibly through peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-α (PPAR-α) activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Colizzi
- Child and Adolescent Neuropsychiatry Unit, Maternal-Child Integrated Care Department, Integrated University Hospital of Verona, 37126 Verona, Italy; (R.B.); (L.Z.)
- Section of Psychiatry, Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, 37134 Verona, Italy
- Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King’s College London, London SE5 8AF, UK
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-045-812-6832
| | - Riccardo Bortoletto
- Child and Adolescent Neuropsychiatry Unit, Maternal-Child Integrated Care Department, Integrated University Hospital of Verona, 37126 Verona, Italy; (R.B.); (L.Z.)
| | - Rosalia Costa
- Community Mental Health Team, Department of Mental Health, ASST Mantova, 46100 Mantua, Italy;
| | - Leonardo Zoccante
- Child and Adolescent Neuropsychiatry Unit, Maternal-Child Integrated Care Department, Integrated University Hospital of Verona, 37126 Verona, Italy; (R.B.); (L.Z.)
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22
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Purton T, Staskova L, Lane MM, Dawson SL, West M, Firth J, Clarke G, Cryan JF, Berk M, O'Neil A, Dean O, Hadi A, Honan C, Marx W. Prebiotic and probiotic supplementation and the tryptophan-kynurenine pathway: A systematic review and meta analysis. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2021; 123:1-13. [PMID: 33482244 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2020.12.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2020] [Revised: 12/18/2020] [Accepted: 12/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
This systematic review aimed to synthesise the results from studies investigating the effects of prebiotics and probiotics on kynurenine pathway metabolism. Thirteen studies were identified for inclusion, comprising 12 probiotic and two prebiotic arms. Participants included healthy individuals and individuals with various clinical conditions. Twelve metabolites were examined across the studies, using a range of biological samples. Across all interventions, 11 reported an effect on ≤ metabolite. Although limited by clinical and methodological heterogeneity, pooled analysis (n = 253) found probiotics to significantly affect serum kynurenine (g = 0.315, CI = 0.070 to 0.560, p = 0.012, 4 studies, I2 = 0%) and the kynurenine:tryptophan ratio (g = 0.442, CI = 0.074 to 0.810, p = 0.018, 4 studies, I2 = 42 %). Risk of bias across the studies was generally low. The results provide preliminary evidence that probiotics can modulate kynurenine pathway metabolism, with less evidence available regarding prebiotics. Future studies which further consider methodological confounds and sample characteristics are required, to establish intervention efficacy. PROSPERO registration #CRD42019154677.
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Affiliation(s)
- Terry Purton
- School of Psychological Sciences, College of Health and Medicine, University of Tasmania, Locked Bag 1342, Launceston, Tasmania, 7250, Australia.
| | - Lada Staskova
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Royal Children's Hospital, Environmental & Genetic Epidemiology Research, Parkville, Australia; RMIT University, School of Science, Melbourne, Australia; Florey Institute for Neuroscience and Mental Health, Parkville, Australia
| | - Melissa M Lane
- Deakin University, IMPACT - the Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation, School of Medicine, Barwon Health, Geelong, Australia
| | - Samantha L Dawson
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Royal Children's Hospital, Environmental & Genetic Epidemiology Research, Parkville, Australia; Deakin University, IMPACT - the Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation, School of Medicine, Barwon Health, Geelong, Australia
| | - Madeline West
- Deakin University, IMPACT - the Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation, School of Medicine, Barwon Health, Geelong, Australia
| | - Joseph Firth
- Division of Psychology and Mental Health, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK; NICM Health Research Institute, Western Sydney University, Westmead, Australia
| | - Gerard Clarke
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurobehavioural Science, and APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - John F Cryan
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, and APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Michael Berk
- Deakin University, IMPACT - the Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation, School of Medicine, Barwon Health, Geelong, Australia; Orygen, The National Centre of Excellence in Youth Mental Health, Centre for Youth Mental Health, and the Department of Psychiatry, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia; Florey Institute for Neuroscience and Mental Health, Parkville, Australia
| | - Adrienne O'Neil
- Deakin University, IMPACT - the Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation, School of Medicine, Barwon Health, Geelong, Australia
| | - Olivia Dean
- Deakin University, IMPACT - the Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation, School of Medicine, Barwon Health, Geelong, Australia; Florey Institute for Neuroscience and Mental Health, Parkville, Australia
| | - Amir Hadi
- Halal Research Center of IRI, FDA, Tehran, Iran
| | - Cynthia Honan
- School of Psychological Sciences, College of Health and Medicine, University of Tasmania, Locked Bag 1342, Launceston, Tasmania, 7250, Australia
| | - Wolfgang Marx
- Deakin University, IMPACT - the Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation, School of Medicine, Barwon Health, Geelong, Australia
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23
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Li C, Liu Y, Fang H, Chen Y, Weng J, Zhai M, Xiao T, Ke X. Study on Aberrant Eating Behaviors, Food Intolerance, and Stereotyped Behaviors in Autism Spectrum Disorder. Front Psychiatry 2020; 11:493695. [PMID: 33240114 PMCID: PMC7678488 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2020.493695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2019] [Accepted: 10/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective: To investigate the aberrant eating behaviors (EBs), gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms, and food intolerance in children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and their association with clinical core symptoms of ASD. Method: A total of 94 preschool children with ASD treated at the Child Mental Health Research Center of Nanjing Brain Hospital between October 2016 and April 2018 were enrolled. In addition, 90 children with typical development (TD) in the community during the same period were recruited. The conditions of aberrant EBs and GI symptoms in children were investigated using questionnaire surveys. Serum specific IgG antibodies against 14 kinds of food were detected using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs). Results: The detection rate of aberrant EBs in the ASD group was significantly higher than that in the TD group (67.39 vs. 34.94%), and the rate of GI symptoms was also higher in the ASD group than that in the TD group (80.22 vs. 42.11%). Detection of food intolerance in children with ASD showed that the positive rate was 89.89% and that the majority of children had multiple food intolerances. The correlation analysis results showed that the severity of aberrant EBs positively correlated with stereotyped behavior of children with ASD (r = 0.21, P = 0.04) and that food-specific IgG antibodies concentrations positively correlated with high-level stereotyped behavior in children with ASD (r = 0.23, P = 0.03). Conclusion: ASD with aberrant EBs or high food-specific IgG antibodies concentrations had more severe stereotyped behavior, which may have implications for exploring the immune mechanism of ASD. Clinical Trial Registration: ChiCTR-RPC-16008139.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunyan Li
- Children's Mental Health Research Center, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yang Liu
- Children's Mental Health Research Center, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Hui Fang
- Children's Mental Health Research Center, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yu Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiao Weng
- Children's Mental Health Research Center, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Mengyao Zhai
- Children's Mental Health Research Center, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ting Xiao
- Children's Mental Health Research Center, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiaoyan Ke
- Children's Mental Health Research Center, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
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