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Manzini E, Borellini M, Belardi P, Mlawa E, Kadinde E, Mwibuka C, Cavallin F, Trevisanuto D, Suppiej A. Factors associated with mortality and neurodevelopmental impairment at 12 months in asphyxiated newborns: a retrospective cohort study in rural Tanzania from January 2019 to June 2022. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth 2024; 24:660. [PMID: 39390417 PMCID: PMC11468089 DOI: 10.1186/s12884-024-06837-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2024] [Accepted: 09/16/2024] [Indexed: 10/12/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Worldwide about 2.3 million newborns still die in the neonatal period and the majority occurs in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). Intrapartum-related events account for 24% of neonatal mortality. Of these events, intrapartum birth asphyxia with subsequent neonatal encephalopathy is the main cause of child disabilities in LMICs. Data on neurodevelopmental outcome and early risk factors are still missing in LMICs. This study aimed at investigating the factors associated with mortality, risk of neurodevelopmental impairment and adherence to follow-up among asphyxiated newborns in rural Tanzania. METHODS This retrospective observational cohort study investigated mortality, neurodevelopmental risk and adherence to follow-up among asphyxiated newborns who were admitted to Tosamaganga Hospital (Tanzania) from January 2019 to June 2022. Neurodevelopmental impairment was assessed using standardized Hammersmith neurologic examination. Admission criteria were Apgar score < 7 at 5 min of life and birth weight > 1500 g. Babies with clinically visible congenital malformations were excluded. Comparisons between groups were performed using the Mann-Whitney test, the Chi-square test, and the Fisher test. RESULTS Mortality was 19.1% (57/298 newborns) and was associated with outborn (p < 0.0001), age at admission (p = 0.02), lower Apgar score at 5 min (p = 0.003), convulsions (p < 0.0001) and intravenous fluids (IV) (p = 0.003). Most patients (85.6%) were lost to follow-up after a median of 1 visit (IQR 0-2). Low adherence to follow-up was associated with female sex (p = 0.005). The risk of neurodevelopmental impairment at the last visit was associated with longer travel time between household and hospital (p = 0.03), female sex (p = 0.04), convulsions (p = 0.007), respiratory distress (p = 0.01), administration of IV fluids (p = 0.04), prolonged oxygen therapy (p = 0.004), prolonged hospital stay (p = 0.0007) and inappropriate growth during follow-up (p = 0.0002). CONCLUSIONS Our findings demonstrated that mortality among asphyxiated newborns in a rural hospital in Tanzania remains high. Additionally, distance from home to hospital and sex of the newborn correlated to higher risks of neurodevelopmental impairment. Educational interventions among the population about the importance of regular health assessment are needed to improve adherence to follow-up and for preventive purposes. Future studies should investigate the role of factors affecting the adherence to follow-up.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Manzini
- School of Pediatrics, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | | | | | - Evodia Mlawa
- Tosamaganga Regional Referral Hospital, Iringa, Tanzania
| | | | | | | | | | - Agnese Suppiej
- Department of Medical Sciences, Pediatric Section, S. Anna University Hospital, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
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Mendonça KTD, Pascoal AFDS, Lanza FDC, Viñolas Prat B, Morais RLDS, Camargos ACR. Clinical Factors Related to Abnormal General Movements Trajectories: Development of a Multicriteria Index. Pediatr Phys Ther 2024; 36:440-447. [PMID: 39073072 DOI: 10.1097/pep.0000000000001129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/30/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE To create a multicriteria index with clinical factors associated with abnormal general movements (GMs) trajectories during a stay in the neonatal intensive care unit. METHODS A longitudinal study assessed abnormal GMs trajectories in preterm infants in the neonatal intensive care unit. The multicriteria index included clinical factors such as intraventricular hemorrhage, respiratory support, gestational age, patent ductus arteriosus, and infection based on multi-attribute utility theory. RESULTS A total of 52 preterm newborns, 57.7% male, were evaluated. The multicriteria index correlated with abnormal GMs trajectories and explained 26.5% of the variance in these trajectories. CONCLUSION The developed multicriteria index, with the inclusion of combined clinical factors, allowed the identification of part of the abnormal trajectories of GMs in preterm infants. The multicriteria analysis can help clinicians to identify infants who have a greater chance of poor developmental trajectories before hospital discharge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karoline Tury de Mendonça
- Hospital das Clínicas/EBSERH, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil (Ms Mendonça); Graduate Program in Rehabilitation Sciences, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil (Mss Mendonça and Pascoal and Drs Lanza and Camargos); Graduate Program in Health, Society and Environment, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, Diamantina, Minas Gerais, Brazil (Drs Viñolas Prat and Morais)
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Jahan I, Bashar SMK, Laryea F, Amponsah SK, Danquah FI, Muhit M, Smithers-Sheedy H, McIntyre S, Badawi N, Khandaker G. Epidemiology of cerebral palsy among children in Ghana. Afr J Disabil 2024; 13:1336. [PMID: 39364205 PMCID: PMC11447596 DOI: 10.4102/ajod.v13i0.1336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2023] [Accepted: 06/17/2024] [Indexed: 10/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Background The epidemiology of cerebral palsy (CP) is poorly described in Ghana. These data are crucial for evidence-based intervention for children with CP in the country. Objectives We aimed to describe the epidemiology of CP among children in Ghana. Method We established the first institution-based register of children with CP in Ghana (Ghana CP Register-GCPR). Children with confirmed CP aged < 18 years were registered following a detailed neurodevelopmental assessment. Socio-demographics, risk factors, predominant motor type and topography, gross motor function classification system (GMFCS), associated impairments, education and rehabilitation status were documented. Results Between October 2018 and February 2020, 455 children were registered (mean [standard deviation {s.d.}] age at assessment: 5.9 [4.1] years). Preterm birth and low birthweight were reported in 52.0% and 21.1% children respectively. Most children (79.6%) had a pre- or perinatally acquired CP and the mean (s.d.) age of CP diagnosis was 22.2 (21.6) months. Overall, 55.9% of children had spastic tri- or quadriplegia, 60.5% had GMFCS level III-V and 70.3% had ≥ 1 associated impairment. However, 20.5% had never received rehabilitation services and 69.6% of school-aged children in the GCPR were not enrolled in schools. Conclusion The study findings indicate a high burden of severe motor and associated impairment among children with CP in Ghana which highlights the need for tailored interventions to improve health and well-being of children with CP in the country. Contribution The study highlights the need for interventions to improve functional outcome, health and well-being of children with CP in Ghana.
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Affiliation(s)
- Israt Jahan
- Child Sight Foundation, Dhaka, Bangladesh
- Asian Institute of Disability and Development (AIDD), University of South Asia, Dhaka, Bangladesh
- School of Health, Medical and Applied Sciences, Central Queensland University, Rockhampton, Queensland, Australia
| | - Sk Md Kamrul Bashar
- Child Sight Foundation, Dhaka, Bangladesh
- Asian Institute of Disability and Development (AIDD), University of South Asia, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | | | - Samuel Kofi Amponsah
- Department of Health Information, Christian Health Association of Ghana, Accra, Ghana
| | | | - Mohammad Muhit
- Child Sight Foundation, Dhaka, Bangladesh
- Asian Institute of Disability and Development (AIDD), University of South Asia, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Hayley Smithers-Sheedy
- Cerebral Palsy Alliance Research Institute, Specialty of Child and Adolescent Health, Sydney Medical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Sarah McIntyre
- Cerebral Palsy Alliance Research Institute, Specialty of Child and Adolescent Health, Sydney Medical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Nadia Badawi
- Cerebral Palsy Alliance Research Institute, Specialty of Child and Adolescent Health, Sydney Medical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, New South Wales, Australia
- Grace Centre for Newborn Intensive Care, Sydney Children's Hospital Network, Westmead, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Gulam Khandaker
- School of Health, Medical and Applied Sciences, Central Queensland University, Rockhampton, Queensland, Australia
- Discipline of Child and Adolescent Health, Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, New South Wales, Australia
- Central Queensland Public Health Unit, Central Queensland Hospital and Health Service, Queensland, Australia
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Sutter EN, Legare JM, Villegas MA, Collins KM, Eickhoff J, Gillick BT. Evidence-Based Infant Assessment for Cerebral Palsy: Diagnosis Timelines and Intervention Access in a Newborn Follow-up Setting. J Child Neurol 2024:8830738241279690. [PMID: 39262331 DOI: 10.1177/08830738241279690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/13/2024]
Abstract
Evidence-based assessment pathways inform early detection of cerebral palsy and access to intervention. This study investigated the relationships between early evidence-based assessments, diagnosis timeline, and rehabilitation intervention access in a population of children with cerebral palsy who were seen between 2010 and 2022 at the University of Wisconsin Waisman Center Newborn Follow Up Clinic. Cerebral palsy-specific assessments were increasingly integrated after the publication of early detection guidelines by Novak et al. in 2017. Age at cerebral palsy first mention (high risk for cerebral palsy) decreased over time, although age at diagnosis remained similar. Infants who received multiple evidence-based assessments were diagnosed at a younger age. Ninety-nine percent of children were referred to rehabilitation therapies before diagnosis. Infant age at referral to outpatient therapies decreased over time. This study provides novel clinical data on diagnosis timelines and identifies remaining gaps related to implementation feasibility toward improved early diagnosis and intervention access.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ellen N Sutter
- Waisman Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, USA
- Department of Family Medicine and Community Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, USA
| | - Janet M Legare
- Waisman Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, USA
| | - Melissa A Villegas
- Waisman Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, USA
| | - Kellie M Collins
- Waisman Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, USA
| | - Jens Eickhoff
- Department of Biostatistics and Informatics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, USA
| | - Bernadette T Gillick
- Waisman Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, USA
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Kim F, Maitre N. Grand Rounds: How Do We Detect Cerebral Palsy Earlier in Neonates? J Pediatr 2024; 276:114299. [PMID: 39277080 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpeds.2024.114299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2024] [Revised: 08/27/2024] [Accepted: 09/09/2024] [Indexed: 09/17/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Faith Kim
- Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University Irving Medical Center/New York-Presbyterian Children's Hospital of New York, New York, NY.
| | - Nathalie Maitre
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, GA
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Christovão IS, de Almeida Rodrigues L, de Paula Machado ACC, de Souza Pascoal AF, Fontes DE, Mendonça KTD, de Castro Magalhães L, Camargos ACR. Hybrid developmental follow-up for preterm infants in Brazil: A feasibility study. Early Hum Dev 2024; 195:106069. [PMID: 38924944 DOI: 10.1016/j.earlhumdev.2024.106069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2024] [Revised: 06/18/2024] [Accepted: 06/19/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The low attendance of families in child developmental follow-up programs for at-risk preterm children is a challenge in Brazil. OBJECTIVE This study evaluates the feasibility of implementing a developmental follow-up program for Brazilian preterm infants in a hybrid format. METHODS This is an observational, prospective cohort study, involving preterm infants. Longitudinal developmental test results, the participation frequency in the program, and the number of referrals to early intervention programs were used to assess feasibility. The General Movements (GMs) assessment, Alberta Infant Motor Scale (AIMS) and, Survey of Wellbeing of Young Children (SWYC) Milestones were administered via telehealth. The Bayley-III was administered in-person. RESULTS Thirty-four preterm infants attended the follow-up until 12 months of corrected age and 18 (52.9 %) concluded all follow-up assessments. Twenty-six (76.5 %) attended all assessments via telehealth, and 26 (76.5 %) attended the in-person assessment. Eighteen (52.9 %) infants showed at least one altered result in development tests. Infants exhibiting abnormal results in the GMs assessment, motor developmental delay according to the AIMS, or developmental delay based on Balley-III were promptly referred to early intervention services. CONCLUSION This study demonstrated high participation rate and low dropout in a developmental follow-up program employing a hybrid format. The substantial number of identified infants with developmental delay emphasizes the importance of timely detection of motor delays to referral to early intervention services.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabella Saraiva Christovão
- Graduate Program in Rehabilitation Sciences, School of Physical Education, Physical Therapy and Occupational Therapy, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Lara de Almeida Rodrigues
- Graduate Program in Rehabilitation Sciences, School of Physical Education, Physical Therapy and Occupational Therapy, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | | | - Ana Flávia de Souza Pascoal
- Graduate Program in Rehabilitation Sciences, School of Physical Education, Physical Therapy and Occupational Therapy, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Déborah Ebert Fontes
- Graduate Program in Rehabilitation Sciences, School of Physical Education, Physical Therapy and Occupational Therapy, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Karoline Tury de Mendonça
- Hospital das Clínicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais/EBSERH, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Lívia de Castro Magalhães
- Graduate Program in Occupation Studies, School of Physical Education, Physical Therapy and Occupational Therapy, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Ana Cristina Resende Camargos
- Graduate Program in Rehabilitation Sciences, School of Physical Education, Physical Therapy and Occupational Therapy, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
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Kukka AJ, Bhattarai P, Sundelin HEK, Gurung R, Brown NJW, Litorp H, Axelin A, Kc A. 'We did everything by phone': a qualitative study of mothers' experience of smartphone-aided screening of cerebral palsy in Kathmandu, Nepal. BMC Pediatr 2024; 24:357. [PMID: 38778316 PMCID: PMC11110401 DOI: 10.1186/s12887-024-04829-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2023] [Accepted: 05/10/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND International guidelines recommend early intervention to all children at risk of cerebral palsy, but targeted screening programs are often lacking in low- and middle-income settings with the highest burden of disease. Smartphone applications have the potential to improve access to early diagnostics by empowering parents to film their children at home followed by centralized evaluation of videos with General Movements Assessment. We explored mothers' perceptions about participating in a smartphone aided cerebral palsy screening program in Kathmandu, Nepal. METHODS This is an explorative qualitative study that used focus group discussions (n = 2) and individual interviews (n = 4) with mothers of term-born infants surviving birth asphyxia or neonatal seizures. Parents used the NeuroMotion™ smartphone app to film their children at home and the videos were analysed using Precthl's General Movements Assessment. Sekhon et al.'s framework on the acceptability of health care interventions guided the design of the group discussions and interviews, and the deductive qualitative content analysis. RESULTS Mothers were interested in engaging with the programme and expressed hope it would benefit their children. Most felt using the app was intuitive. They were, however, unclear about the way the analysis was performed. Support from the research team was often needed to overcome an initial lack of self-confidence in using the technology, and to reduce anxiety related to the follow-up. The intervention was overall perceived as recommendable but should be supplemented by a face-to-face consultation. CONCLUSION Smartphone aided remote screening of cerebral palsy is acceptable in a lower middle-income population but requires additional technical support.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antti J Kukka
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, Uppsala University, Uppsala, SE-751 85, Sweden.
- Department of Pediatrics, Gävle Regional Hospital, Gävle, Region Gävleborg, Sweden.
| | | | - Heléne E K Sundelin
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Division of Children's and Women´S Health, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, Neuropediatric Unit, Karolinska University Hospital, KarolinskaInstitutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Rejina Gurung
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, Uppsala University, Uppsala, SE-751 85, Sweden
- Golden Community, Lalitpur, Nepal
| | - Nick J W Brown
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, Uppsala University, Uppsala, SE-751 85, Sweden
- Department of Pediatrics, Gävle Regional Hospital, Gävle, Region Gävleborg, Sweden
| | - Helena Litorp
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, Uppsala University, Uppsala, SE-751 85, Sweden
- Department of Global Public Health, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Anna Axelin
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, Uppsala University, Uppsala, SE-751 85, Sweden
- Department of Nursing Science, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Ashish Kc
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, Uppsala University, Uppsala, SE-751 85, Sweden
- School of Public Health and Community Medicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
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Souza RFA, Leite HR, Lucena R, Carvalho A. Early Detection and Intervention for Children with High Risk of Cerebral Palsy: A Survey of Physical Therapists and Occupational Therapists in Brazil. Phys Occup Ther Pediatr 2024; 44:829-843. [PMID: 38764324 DOI: 10.1080/01942638.2024.2353124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2023] [Revised: 04/20/2024] [Accepted: 05/05/2024] [Indexed: 05/21/2024]
Abstract
AIMS The purpose of this study was to assess the current clinical practice of physiotherapists and occupational therapists on early detection and early intervention for children with cerebral palsy (CP) in Brazil. METHODS This was a cross-sectional study. A purpose-developed electronic survey was disseminated across the country to physiotherapists and occupational therapists working with young children with or at risk of CP. RESULTS A total of 205 anonymous respondents were included. Most participants (64.4%) agree that the diagnosis of CP can be made before 6 months of age. General Movements Assessment (26.8%) and Hammersmith Infant Neurological Examination (37.1%) were used infrequently. Infants at risk for CP receive therapy twice a week or more by 58.5% of therapists, 93.2% identified parents' goals as the most important factor in customizing the early intervention program. The most frequent intervention strategies for this age group were active stimulation of the child (n = 182), family training (n = 161), strategies to optimize the environment (n = 143), and neurodevelopmental treatment/Bobath (n = 99). CONCLUSIONS Currently, pediatric physiotherapists and occupational therapists in Brazil do not fully incorporate best practice tools for early identification of children with CP, nor sufficient best evidence-based interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosiane F A Souza
- SARAH Network of Rehabilitation Hospitals, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
- Postgraduate Program in Medicine and Health, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Hércules R Leite
- School of Physical Education, Physical Therapy and Occupational Therapy, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Rita Lucena
- Postgraduate Program in Medicine and Health, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
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Kukka AJ, Sundelin HEK, Basnet O, Paudel P, Upadhyay Subedi K, Svensson K, Brown N, Litorp H, Gurung R, Bhattarai P, Wrammert J, Kc A. NeuroMotion smartphone application for remote General Movements Assessment: a feasibility study in Nepal. BMJ Open 2024; 14:e080063. [PMID: 38431302 PMCID: PMC10910581 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2023-080063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2023] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To evaluate the feasibility of using the NeuroMotion smartphone application for remote General Movements Assessment for screening infants for cerebral palsy in Kathmandu, Nepal. METHOD Thirty-one term-born infants at risk of cerebral palsy due to birth asphyxia or neonatal seizures were recruited for the follow-up at Paropakar Maternity and Women's Hospital, 1 October 2021 to 7 January 2022. Parents filmed their children at home using the application at 3 months' age and the videos were assessed for technical quality using a standardised form and for fidgety movements by Prechtl's General Movements Assessment. The usability of the application was evaluated through a parental survey. RESULTS Twenty families sent in altogether 46 videos out of which 35 had approved technical quality. Sixteen children had at least one video with approved technical quality. Three infants lacked fidgety movements. The level of agreement between assessors was acceptable (Krippendorf alpha 0.781). Parental answers to the usability survey were in general positive. INTERPRETATION Engaging parents in screening of cerebral palsy with the help of a smartphone-aided remote General Movements Assessment is possible in the urban area of a South Asian lower middle-income country.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antti Juhani Kukka
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
- Department of Pediatrics, Gävle Regional Hospital, Region Gävleborg, Gävle, Sweden
| | - Heléne E K Sundelin
- Division of children's and women's health, Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
- Neuropediatric Unit, Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska University Hospital, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | - Prajwal Paudel
- Paropakar Maternity and Women's Hospital, Kathmandu, Nepal
| | | | - Katarina Svensson
- Division of Children's and Women's Health, Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Linköping University, Linkoping, Sweden
| | - Nick Brown
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
- Department of Pediatrics, Gävle Regional Hospital, Region Gävleborg, Gävle, Sweden
| | - Helena Litorp
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
- Department of Global Public Health, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Rejina Gurung
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
- Golden Community, Lalitpur, Nepal
| | | | - Johan Wrammert
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Ashish Kc
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
- School of Public Health and Community Medicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
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Editorial: Early Detection and Early Intervention Strategies for Cerebral Palsy in Low and High Resource Settings. Brain Sci 2022; 12:brainsci12080960. [PMID: 35892401 PMCID: PMC9331917 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci12080960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2022] [Accepted: 07/21/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
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