1
|
Rios SA, Oyervides S, Uribe D, Reyes AM, Fanniel V, Vazquez J, Keniry M. Emerging Therapies for Glioblastoma. Cancers (Basel) 2024; 16:1485. [PMID: 38672566 PMCID: PMC11048459 DOI: 10.3390/cancers16081485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2024] [Revised: 04/01/2024] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma is most commonly a primary brain tumor and the utmost malignant one, with a survival rate of approximately 12-18 months. Glioblastoma is highly heterogeneous, demonstrating that different types of cells from the same tumor can manifest distinct gene expression patterns and biological behaviors. Conventional therapies such as temozolomide, radiation, and surgery have limitations. As of now, there is no cure for glioblastoma. Alternative treatment methods to eradicate glioblastoma are discussed in this review, including targeted therapies to PI3K, NFKβ, JAK-STAT, CK2, WNT, NOTCH, Hedgehog, and TGFβ pathways. The highly novel application of oncolytic viruses and nanomaterials in combating glioblastoma are also discussed. Despite scores of clinical trials for glioblastoma, the prognosis remains poor. Progress in breaching the blood-brain barrier with nanomaterials and novel avenues for targeted and combination treatments hold promise for the future development of efficacious glioblastoma therapies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Megan Keniry
- School of Integrative Biological and Chemical Sciences, College of Sciences, The University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Edinburg, TX 78539, USA; (S.A.R.); (D.U.); (A.M.R.)
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Wang J, Xi YF, Zhao Q, Guo JH, Zhang Z, Zhang MB, Chang J, Wu YQ, Su W. CDKN2A promoter methylation enhances self-renewal of glioblastoma stem cells and confers resistance to carmustine. Mol Biol Rep 2024; 51:385. [PMID: 38438773 PMCID: PMC10912136 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-024-09247-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 03/06/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Glioblastoma, a highly aggressive form of brain cancer, poses significant challenges due to its resistance to therapy and high recurrence rates. This study aimed to investigate the expression and functional implications of CDKN2A, a key tumor suppressor gene, in glioblastoma cells, building upon the existing background of knowledge in this field. METHOD Quantitative reverse transcription PCR (qRT-PCR) analysis was performed to evaluate CDKN2A expression in U87 glioblastoma cells compared to normal human astrocytes (NHA). CDKN2A expression levels were manipulated using small interfering RNA (siRNA) and CDKN2A overexpression vector. Cell viability assays and carmustine sensitivity tests were conducted to assess the impact of CDKN2A modulation on glioblastoma cell viability and drug response. Sphere formation assays and western blot analysis were performed to investigate the role of CDKN2A in glioblastoma stem cell (GSC) self-renewal and pluripotency marker expression. Additionally, methylation-specific PCR (MSP) assays and demethylation treatment were employed to elucidate the mechanism of CDKN2A downregulation in U87 cells. RESULT CDKN2A expression was significantly reduced in glioblastoma cells compared to NHA. CDKN2A overexpression resulted in decreased cell viability and enhanced sensitivity to carmustine treatment. CDKN2A inhibition promoted self-renewal capacity and increased pluripotency marker expression in U87 cells. CDKN2A upregulation led to elevated protein levels of p16INK4a, p14ARF, P53, and P21, which are involved in cell cycle regulation. CDKN2A downregulation in U87 cells was associated with high promoter methylation, which was reversed by treatment with a demethylating agent. CONCLUSION Our findings demonstrate that CDKN2A downregulation in glioblastoma cells is associated with decreased cell viability, enhanced drug resistance, increased self-renewal capacity, and altered expression of pluripotency markers. The observed CDKN2A expression changes are mediated by promoter methylation. These results highlight the potential role of CDKN2A as a therapeutic target and prognostic marker in glioblastoma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jing Wang
- Department of Pathology, Cancer Hospital Affiliated to Shanxi Medical University/Shanxi Province Cancer Hospital/ Shanxi Hospital Affiliated to Cancer Hospital Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Taiyuan, 030013, Shanxi, China
| | - Yan-Feng Xi
- Department of Pathology, Cancer Hospital Affiliated to Shanxi Medical University/Shanxi Province Cancer Hospital/ Shanxi Hospital Affiliated to Cancer Hospital Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Taiyuan, 030013, Shanxi, China
| | - Qi Zhao
- Department of Pathology, Cancer Hospital Affiliated to Shanxi Medical University/Shanxi Province Cancer Hospital/ Shanxi Hospital Affiliated to Cancer Hospital Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Taiyuan, 030013, Shanxi, China
| | - Jiang-Hong Guo
- Department of Pathology, Cancer Hospital Affiliated to Shanxi Medical University/Shanxi Province Cancer Hospital/ Shanxi Hospital Affiliated to Cancer Hospital Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Taiyuan, 030013, Shanxi, China
| | - Zhen Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Cancer Hospital Affiliated to Shanxi Medical University/Shanxi Province Cancer Hospital/ Shanxi Hospital Affiliated to Cancer Hospital Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Taiyuan, 030013, Shanxi, China
| | - Mao-Bai Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Cancer Hospital Affiliated to Shanxi Medical University/Shanxi Province Cancer Hospital/ Shanxi Hospital Affiliated to Cancer Hospital Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Taiyuan, 030013, Shanxi, China
| | - Jiang Chang
- Department of Pathology, Cancer Hospital Affiliated to Shanxi Medical University/Shanxi Province Cancer Hospital/ Shanxi Hospital Affiliated to Cancer Hospital Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Taiyuan, 030013, Shanxi, China
| | - Yue-Qin Wu
- Department of Pathology, Cancer Hospital Affiliated to Shanxi Medical University/Shanxi Province Cancer Hospital/ Shanxi Hospital Affiliated to Cancer Hospital Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Taiyuan, 030013, Shanxi, China
| | - Wen Su
- Department of Medical Laboratory, Cancer Hospital Affiliated to Shanxi Medical University/Shanxi Province Cancer Hospital/ Shanxi Hospital Affiliated to Cancer Hospital Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Taiyuan, 030013, Shanxi, China.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Roux A, Aboubakr O, Elia A, Moiraghi A, Benevello C, Fathallah H, Parraga E, Oppenheim C, Chretien F, Dezamis E, Zanello M, Pallud J. Carmustine wafer implantation for supratentorial glioblastomas, IDH-wildtype in "extreme" neurosurgical conditions. Neurosurg Rev 2023; 46:140. [PMID: 37329341 DOI: 10.1007/s10143-023-02052-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2023] [Revised: 05/15/2023] [Accepted: 06/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
We assessed the feasibility of Carmustine wafer implantation in "extreme" conditions (i.e. patients > 80 years and Karnofsky Performance Status score < 50) and of implantation ≥ 12 Carmustine wafers in adult patients harbouring a newly diagnosed supratentorial glioblastoma, IDH-wildtype. We performed an observational, retrospective single-centre cohort study at a tertiary surgical neuro-oncological centre between January 2006 and December 2021. Four hundred eighty patients who benefited from a surgical resection at first-line treatment were included. We showed that Carmustine wafer implantation in patients > 80 years, in patients with a Karnofsky performance status score < 50, and that implantation ≥ 12 Carmustine wafers (1) did not increase overall postoperative complication rates, (2) did not affect the completion of standard radiochemotherapy protocol, (3) did not worsen the postoperative Karnofsky Performance Status scores, and (4) did not significantly affect the time to oncological treatment. We showed that the implantation of ≥ 12 Carmustine wafers improved progression-free survival (31.0 versus 10.0 months, p = 0.025) and overall survival (39.0 versus 16.5 months, p = 0.041) without increasing postoperative complication rates. Carmustine wafer implantation during the surgical resection of a newly diagnosed supratentorial glioblastoma, IDH-wildtype is safe and efficient in patients > 80 years and in patients with preoperative Karnofsky Performance Status score < 50. The number of Carmustine wafers should be adapted (up to 16 in our experience) to the resection cavity to improve survival without increasing postoperative overall complication rates.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alexandre Roux
- Service de Neurochirurgie, GHU Paris Psychiatrie Et Neurosciences, Site Sainte Anne, 75014, Paris, France.
- Université Paris Cité, Institute of Psychiatry and Neuroscience of Paris, INSERM U1266, 75014, Paris, France.
| | - Oumaima Aboubakr
- Service de Neurochirurgie, GHU Paris Psychiatrie Et Neurosciences, Site Sainte Anne, 75014, Paris, France
- Université Paris Cité, Institute of Psychiatry and Neuroscience of Paris, INSERM U1266, 75014, Paris, France
| | - Angela Elia
- Service de Neurochirurgie, GHU Paris Psychiatrie Et Neurosciences, Site Sainte Anne, 75014, Paris, France
- Université Paris Cité, Institute of Psychiatry and Neuroscience of Paris, INSERM U1266, 75014, Paris, France
| | - Alessandro Moiraghi
- Service de Neurochirurgie, GHU Paris Psychiatrie Et Neurosciences, Site Sainte Anne, 75014, Paris, France
- Université Paris Cité, Institute of Psychiatry and Neuroscience of Paris, INSERM U1266, 75014, Paris, France
| | - Chiara Benevello
- Service de Neurochirurgie, GHU Paris Psychiatrie Et Neurosciences, Site Sainte Anne, 75014, Paris, France
| | - Houssem Fathallah
- Service de Neurochirurgie, GHU Paris Psychiatrie Et Neurosciences, Site Sainte Anne, 75014, Paris, France
| | - Eduardo Parraga
- Service de Neurochirurgie, GHU Paris Psychiatrie Et Neurosciences, Site Sainte Anne, 75014, Paris, France
| | - Catherine Oppenheim
- Université Paris Cité, Institute of Psychiatry and Neuroscience of Paris, INSERM U1266, 75014, Paris, France
- Service de Neuroradiologie, GHU Paris Psychiatrie Et Neurosciences, Site Sainte Anne, 75014, Paris, France
| | - Fabrice Chretien
- Université Paris Cité, Institute of Psychiatry and Neuroscience of Paris, INSERM U1266, 75014, Paris, France
- Service de Neuropathologie, GHU Paris Psychiatrie Et Neurosciences, Site Sainte Anne, 75014, Paris, France
| | - Edouard Dezamis
- Service de Neurochirurgie, GHU Paris Psychiatrie Et Neurosciences, Site Sainte Anne, 75014, Paris, France
| | - Marc Zanello
- Service de Neurochirurgie, GHU Paris Psychiatrie Et Neurosciences, Site Sainte Anne, 75014, Paris, France
- Université Paris Cité, Institute of Psychiatry and Neuroscience of Paris, INSERM U1266, 75014, Paris, France
| | - Johan Pallud
- Service de Neurochirurgie, GHU Paris Psychiatrie Et Neurosciences, Site Sainte Anne, 75014, Paris, France
- Université Paris Cité, Institute of Psychiatry and Neuroscience of Paris, INSERM U1266, 75014, Paris, France
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Erthal LCS, Shi Y, Sweeney KJ, Gobbo OL, Ruiz-Hernandez E. Nanocomposite formulation for a sustained release of free drug and drug-loaded responsive nanoparticles: an approach for a local therapy of glioblastoma multiforme. Sci Rep 2023; 13:5094. [PMID: 36991081 PMCID: PMC10060267 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-32257-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2022] [Accepted: 03/24/2023] [Indexed: 03/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Malignant gliomas are a type of primary brain tumour that originates in glial cells. Among them, glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most common and the most aggressive brain tumour in adults, classified as grade IV by the World Health Organization. The standard care for GBM, known as the Stupp protocol includes surgical resection followed by oral chemotherapy with temozolomide (TMZ). This treatment option provides a median survival prognosis of only 16-18 months to patients mainly due to tumour recurrence. Therefore, enhanced treatment options are urgently needed for this disease. Here we show the development, characterization, and in vitro and in vivo evaluation of a new composite material for local therapy of GBM post-surgery. We developed responsive nanoparticles that were loaded with paclitaxel (PTX), and that showed penetration in 3D spheroids and cell internalization. These nanoparticles were found to be cytotoxic in 2D (U-87 cells) and 3D (U-87 spheroids) models of GBM. The incorporation of these nanoparticles into a hydrogel facilitates their sustained release in time. Moreover, the formulation of this hydrogel containing PTX-loaded responsive nanoparticles and free TMZ was able to delay tumour recurrence in vivo after resection surgery. Therefore, our formulation represents a promising approach to develop combined local therapies against GBM using injectable hydrogels containing nanoparticles.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Luiza C S Erthal
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Trinity St. James's Cancer Institute, Panoz Institute, Trinity College Dublin, College Green, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Yang Shi
- Department of Nanomedicine and Theranostics, Institute for Experimental Molecular Imaging, RWTH Aachen University Clinic, Forckenbeckstrasse 55, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Kieron J Sweeney
- National Neurosurgical Centre, Beaumont Hospital, Dublin 9, Ireland
- Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Oliviero L Gobbo
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Trinity St. James's Cancer Institute, Panoz Institute, Trinity College Dublin, College Green, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Eduardo Ruiz-Hernandez
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Trinity St. James's Cancer Institute, Panoz Institute, Trinity College Dublin, College Green, Dublin 2, Ireland.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Karthika C, Najda A, Klepacka J, Zehravi M, Akter R, Akhtar MF, Saleem A, Al-Shaeri M, Mondal B, Ashraf GM, Tagde P, Ramproshad S, Ahmad Z, Khan FS, Rahman MH. Involvement of Resveratrol against Brain Cancer: A Combination Strategy with a Pharmaceutical Approach. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27144663. [PMID: 35889532 PMCID: PMC9320031 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27144663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2022] [Revised: 07/15/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
A brain tumor (BT) is a condition in which there is growth or uncontrolled development of the brain cells, which usually goes unrecognized or is diagnosed at the later stages. Since the mechanism behind BT is not clear, and the various physiological conditions are difficult to diagnose, the success rate of BT is not very high. This is the central issue faced during drug development and clinical trials with almost all types of neurodegenerative disorders. In the first part of this review, we focus on the concept of brain tumors, their barriers, and the types of delivery possible to target the brain cells. Although various treatment methods are available, they all have side effects or toxic effects. Hence, in the second part, a correlation was made between the use of resveratrol, a potent antioxidant, and its advantages for brain diseases. The relationship between brain disease and the blood–brain barrier, multi-drug resistance, and the use of nanomedicine for treating brain disorders is also mentioned. In short, a hypothetical concept is given with a background investigation into the use of combination therapy with resveratrol as an active ingredient, the possible drug delivery, and its formulation-based approach.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chenmala Karthika
- Department of Pharmaceutics, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research, Ooty 643001, India;
| | - Agnieszka Najda
- Department of Vegetable and Herbal Crops, University of Life Science in Lublin, Doświadczalna Street 51A, 20280 Lublin, Poland
- Correspondence: (A.N.); (M.H.R.)
| | - Joanna Klepacka
- Department of Commodity Science and Food Analysis, Faculty of Food Science, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Oczapowskiego 2, 10719 Olsztyn, Poland;
| | - Mehrukh Zehravi
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy Girls Section, Prince Sattam Bin Abdul Aziz University, Alkharj 11942, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Rokeya Akter
- Department of Global Medical Science, Wonju College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Wonju 26426, Korea;
| | - Muhammad Furqan Akhtar
- Riphah Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lahore Campus, Riphah International University, Lahore 54950, Pakistan;
| | - Ammara Saleem
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan;
| | - Majed Al-Shaeri
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Banani Mondal
- Department of Pharmacy, Ranada Prasad Shaha University, Narayanganj 1400, Bangladesh; (B.M.); (S.R.)
| | - Ghulam Md. Ashraf
- Pre-Clinical Research Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Priti Tagde
- Amity Institute of Pharmacy, Amity University, Noida 201301, India;
| | - Sarker Ramproshad
- Department of Pharmacy, Ranada Prasad Shaha University, Narayanganj 1400, Bangladesh; (B.M.); (S.R.)
| | - Zubair Ahmad
- Unit of Bee Research and Honey Production, Faculty of Science, King Khalid University, P.O. Box 9004, Abha 61413, Saudi Arabia;
- Biology Department, College of Arts and Sciences, Dehran Al-Junub, King Khalid University, P.O. Box 9004, Abha 61413, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Farhat S. Khan
- Biology Department, College of Arts and Sciences, Dehran Al-Junub, King Khalid University, P.O. Box 9004, Abha 61413, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Md. Habibur Rahman
- Department of Global Medical Science, Wonju College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Wonju 26426, Korea;
- Correspondence: (A.N.); (M.H.R.)
| |
Collapse
|