1
|
Liu X, Yang Y, Ye Z, Wang F, Zeng K, Sun Y, Huang Y, Dai L. The effect of digital interventions on attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD): A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. J Affect Disord 2024; 365:563-577. [PMID: 39191306 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2024.08.156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2024] [Revised: 08/18/2024] [Accepted: 08/23/2024] [Indexed: 08/29/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a prevalent neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by symptoms of inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity. Individuals with ADHD often encounter heightened emotional and behavioral challenges. This study aims to conduct a meta-analysis of the efficacy of digital interventions in improving symptoms of ADHD. METHODS This study searched 6 databases for English articles from database construction until December 4, 2023. Randomized controlled trials employing digital interventions for ADHD were gathered. Following the Cochrane Collaboration criteria, Review Manager 5.3 software was utilized to evaluate the risk of bias present in the included papers. Mean differences for post-intervention and follow-up data were standardized using Stata 18.0 software. Subgroup analysis was employed to investigate the sources of heterogeneity. The study adhered to the PRISMA guidelines and was registered on the PROSPERO platform (CRD42024504134). RESULTS This review included a total of 25 randomized controlled trials (RCTs). The combined study population comprised 1780 cases. In the digital intervention groups, there was a significant decrease in overall ADHD symptoms (SMD = -0.33; 95 % CI = [-0.51, -0.16]) compared to the control groups. Furthermore, there was a significant reduction in inattention symptoms (SMD = -0.31; 95 % CI = [-0.46, -0.15]) and hyperactivity/impulsivity symptoms (SMD = -0.15; 95 % CI = [-0.29, -0.02]) within the digital intervention groups. CONCLUSION The digital interventions proved beneficial for individuals with ADHD by alleviating symptoms of ADHD, inattention, and hyperactivity/impulsivity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xin Liu
- School of Education Research, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, China; Research Center for Psychological and Health Sciences, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, China; Psychosomatic Department, Wuhan Mental Health Center, Wuhan, China; Psychosomatic Department, Wuhan Hospital for Psychotherapy, Wuhan, China
| | - Yawen Yang
- School of Education Research, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, China; Research Center for Psychological and Health Sciences, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, China; Psychosomatic Department, Wuhan Mental Health Center, Wuhan, China; Psychosomatic Department, Wuhan Hospital for Psychotherapy, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhiyu Ye
- School of Education Research, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, China; Research Center for Psychological and Health Sciences, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, China; Psychosomatic Department, Wuhan Mental Health Center, Wuhan, China; Psychosomatic Department, Wuhan Hospital for Psychotherapy, Wuhan, China
| | - Fang Wang
- Psychosomatic Department, Wuhan Mental Health Center, Wuhan, China; Psychosomatic Department, Wuhan Hospital for Psychotherapy, Wuhan, China
| | - Kuan Zeng
- School of Education Research, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, China; Research Center for Psychological and Health Sciences, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, China; Psychosomatic Department, Wuhan Mental Health Center, Wuhan, China; Psychosomatic Department, Wuhan Hospital for Psychotherapy, Wuhan, China
| | - Ye Sun
- Psychosomatic Department, Wuhan Mental Health Center, Wuhan, China; Psychosomatic Department, Wuhan Hospital for Psychotherapy, Wuhan, China
| | - Ying Huang
- School of Education Research, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, China; Research Center for Psychological and Health Sciences, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, China; Psychosomatic Department, Wuhan Mental Health Center, Wuhan, China; Psychosomatic Department, Wuhan Hospital for Psychotherapy, Wuhan, China
| | - Lisha Dai
- School of Education Research, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, China; Research Center for Psychological and Health Sciences, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, China; Psychosomatic Department, Wuhan Mental Health Center, Wuhan, China; Psychosomatic Department, Wuhan Hospital for Psychotherapy, Wuhan, China.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Lawson JA, Kim M, Jandaghi P, Goodridge D, Balbuena L, Cockcroft D, Adamko D, Khanam U. Risk and protective factors of asthma and mental health condition multimorbidity in a national sample of Canadian children. Pediatr Allergy Immunol 2024; 35:e14199. [PMID: 39092605 DOI: 10.1111/pai.14199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2024] [Revised: 06/28/2024] [Accepted: 07/05/2024] [Indexed: 08/04/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The coexistence of childhood asthma and mental health (MH) conditions can impact management and health outcomes but we need to better understand the etiology of multimorbidity. We investigated the association between childhood asthma and MH conditions as well as the determinants of their coexistence. METHODS We used data from the Canadian Health Survey of Children and Youth 2019 (3-17 years; n = 47,871), a cross-sectional, nationally representative Statistics Canada dataset. Our primary outcome was condition status (no asthma or MH condition; asthma only; MH condition only; both asthma, and a MH condition (AMHM)). Predictors of condition status were assessed using multiple multinomial logistic regression. Sensitivity analyses considered individual MH conditions. RESULTS MH condition prevalence was almost two-fold higher among those with asthma than those without asthma (21.1% vs. 11.6%, respectively). There were increased risks of each condition category associated with having allergies, other chronic conditions, and family members smoking in the home while there were protective associations with each condition status category for being female and born outside of Canada. Four additional variables were associated with AMHM and MH condition presence with one additional variable associated with both AMHM and asthma. In sensitivity analyses, the associations tended to be similar for most characteristics, although there was some variability. CONCLUSION There are common risk factors of asthma and MH conditions along with their multimorbidity with a tendency for MH risk factors to be associated with multimorbidity. MH condition presence is common and important to assess among children with asthma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joshua A Lawson
- Department of Medicine and the Canadian Centre for Rural and Agricultural Health, College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Canada
| | - Minyoung Kim
- Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Canada
| | - Parisa Jandaghi
- College of Pharmacy and Nutrition, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Canada
| | - Donna Goodridge
- Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Canada
| | - Lloyd Balbuena
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Canada
| | - Don Cockcroft
- Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Canada
| | - Darryl Adamko
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Canada
| | - Ulfat Khanam
- Health Sciences Program, College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
McGonnell M, Orr M, Backman J, Johnson SA, Davidson F, Corkum P. Examining the role of the visuospatial sketchpad in children's math calculation skills using Baddeley and Hitch's model of working memory. Acta Psychol (Amst) 2024; 246:104246. [PMID: 38615594 DOI: 10.1016/j.actpsy.2024.104246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2023] [Revised: 03/02/2024] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Math difficulties (MDs) occur in about 3-7 % of children and have been associated with academic, health, and occupational challenges. To date, findings about the role of working memory in MDs have been conflicting. The Automated Working Memory Assessment Battery (AWMA), which assesses all components of Baddeley and Hitch's model of working memory, was used to investigate which component of the model was most related to math calculation skills in elementary-school children. Participants were 94 (52 male) children (M age = 9 years 1 month; Range = 6 years 0 months to 11 years 8 months). As hypothesized, math calculation scores were correlated with all four working memory components (phonological loop, visuospatial sketchpad, verbal and visuospatial central executive). After accounting for age, phonological processing, and attention, the visuospatial sketchpad was the only memory component that contributed to the prediction of math calculation scores, explaining an additional 10.2 % of unique variance. Short-term visuospatial memory should be assessed in children having difficulty with math and children could benefit from interventions that include attention to the development of both visuospatial memory and math calculation skills. This study did not use a longitudinal design and so we cannot conclude that weak visuospatial memory impedes the development of math calculation skills. Future research should use longitudinal designs and investigate other types of math skills.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Melissa McGonnell
- Faculty of Education, Mount Saint Vincent University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Matt Orr
- Department of Psychiatry, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Joan Backman
- Izaak Walton Killam Health Centre, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Shannon A Johnson
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Fiona Davidson
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Penny Corkum
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Zhou K, Zhang Q, Yuan Z, Yan Y, Zhao Q, Wang J. Plasma fatty acids and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder: a Mendelian randomization investigation. Front Psychiatry 2024; 15:1368942. [PMID: 38764473 PMCID: PMC11099612 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2024.1368942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2024] [Accepted: 04/17/2024] [Indexed: 05/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is the most common neurodevelopmental disorder of childhood, and pathogenesis is not fully understood. Observational studies suggest an association between fatty acids abnormalities and ADHD, but there are contradictions and differences between these findings. To address this uncertainty, we employed a two-sample bidirectional Mendelian Randomization (MR) analysis to investigate the causal relationship between fatty acids and ADHD. Methods We conducted a two-sample Mendelian Randomization (MR) study, selecting single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) highly correlated with fatty acid levels from the CHARGE Consortium as our instruments. The outcome data were sourced from the Psychiatric Genomics Consortium (PGC) dataset on ADHD, comprising 225,534 individuals, with 162,384 cases and 65,693 controls. Inverse variance weighting, MR-Egger, and weighted median methods were employed to estimate the causal relationship between fatty acids and ADHD. Cochran's Q-test was used to quantify heterogeneity of instrumental variables. Sensitivity analyses included MR-Egger intercept tests, leave-one-out analyses, and funnel plots. Results The MR analysis revealed no significant associations between genetically predicted levels of various saturated, monounsaturated, and polyunsaturated fatty acids (including omega-3 and omega-6) and ADHD risk in the CHARGE and PGC cohorts. Notably, an initial association with Dihomo-gamma-linolenic acid (DGLA) (OR = 1.009, p = 0.032 by IVW) did not persist after correction for multiple testing (adjusted p-value = 0.286). Sensitivity analysis supported our findings, indicating robustness. Moreover, there was a lack of evidence supporting a causal link from ADHD to fatty acids. Conclusion While our study on the basis of genetic data does not provide evidence to support the causal role of fatty acids in ADHD, it does not preclude their potential involvement in reducing the risk of ADHD. Further research is needed to explore this possibility.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kangning Zhou
- Graduate School, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Qiang Zhang
- Graduate School, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Zhenhua Yuan
- Graduate School, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Yurou Yan
- Graduate School, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Qian Zhao
- Department of Pediatrics, Beijing Children’s Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Junhong Wang
- Department of Pediatrics, Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Butt DA, Jaakkimainen L, Tu K. Prevalence and Incidence Trends of Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder in Children and Youth Aged 1-24 Years in Ontario, Canada: A Validation Study of Health Administrative Data Algorithms: Tendances de la prévalence et de l'incidence du trouble de déficit de l'attention/hyperactivité chez les enfants et les jeunes âgés de 1 à 24 ans, en Ontario, Canada: une étude de validation des algorithmes de données administratives de santé. CANADIAN JOURNAL OF PSYCHIATRY. REVUE CANADIENNE DE PSYCHIATRIE 2024; 69:326-336. [PMID: 37960872 PMCID: PMC11032092 DOI: 10.1177/07067437231213553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To estimate prevalence and incidence rates over time in children and youth with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder from the validation of population-based administrative data algorithms using family physicians' electronic medical records as a reference standard. METHODS A retrospective cohort study was conducted in Ontario, Canada to identify attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder among children and youth aged 1-24 years in health administrative data derived from case-finding algorithms using family physicians' electronic medical records. Multiple administrative data algorithms identifying attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder cases were developed and tested from physician-diagnosis of attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder in the electronic medical record to determine their diagnostic accuracy. We calculated algorithm performance using sensitivity, specificity, and predictive values. The most optimal algorithm was used to estimate prevalence and incidence rates of attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder from 2014 to 2021 in Ontario. RESULTS The optimal performing algorithm was "2 physician visits for attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder in 1 year or 1 attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder-specific prescription" with sensitivity: 83.2% (95% confidence interval [CI], 81.8% to 84.5%), specificity: 98.6% (95% CI, 98.5% to 98.7%), positive predictive value: 78.6% (95% CI, 77.1% to 80.0%) and negative predictive value: 98.9% (95% CI, 98.8% to 99.0%). From 2014, prevalence rates for attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder increased from 5.29 to 7.48 per 100 population in 2021 (N = 281,785). Males had higher prevalence rates (7.49 to 9.59 per 100 population, 1.3-fold increase) than females (2.96-5.26 per 100 population, 1.8-fold increase) from 2014 to 2021. Incidence rates increased from 2014 (0.53 per 100 population) until 2018, decreased in 2020 then rose steeply in 2021 (0.89 per 100 population, N = 34,013). Males also had higher incidence rates than females from 2014 to 2020 with females surpassing males in 2021 (0.70-0.81 per 100 male population,1.2-fold increase versus 0.36-0.97 per 100 female population, 2.7-fold increase). CONCLUSIONS Attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder is increasing in prevalence. We developed an administrative data algorithm that can reliably identify children and youth with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder with good diagnostic accuracy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Debra A. Butt
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, Scarborough General Hospital, Scarborough Health Network, ON, Canada
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Liisa Jaakkimainen
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, ON, Canada
- ICES, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Sunnybrook Academic Family Health Team, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Karen Tu
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, ON, Canada
- Research and Innovation and Department of Family and Community Medicine, North York General Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Toronto Western Family Health Team, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Bedawi RM, Al-Farsi Y, Mirza H, Al-Huseini S, Al-Mahrouqi T, Al-Kiyumi O, Al-Azri M, Al-Adawi S. Prevalence and Clinical Profile of Adults with ADHD Attending a Tertiary Care Hospital for Five Years. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2024; 21:566. [PMID: 38791781 PMCID: PMC11121453 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph21050566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2024] [Revised: 04/17/2024] [Accepted: 04/23/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024]
Abstract
(1) Objectives: This study aimed to assess the 5-year prevalence and clinical profile of attention deficit hyperactive disorder (ADHD) among adult patients seeking care in a tertiary care hospital in Oman. (2) Methods: The data were analysed using descriptive and inferential statistics and standardised prevalence estimates were calculated. (3) Results: Of the 39,881 hospital visits, 1.77% were made by adults with ADHD. This is equivalent to 17.8 visits per 1000 outpatients. The year 2021 saw the highest prevalence among the five years considered, while 2020 had the lowest prevalence. Although the age distribution indicated that the age group 'under 20' had the highest prevalence, the gender distribution showed that ADHD was more common among adult men. Among the various subtypes of ADHD, inattention was the most common. (4) Conclusions: This study specifically compared the prevalence and associated factors between an adult cohort with ADHD and those other psychiatric clinic attendees during the same period. The study offers important information on the prevalence and clinical profile of adults with ADHD in the population under consideration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rabab Mohammed Bedawi
- Department of Family Medicine and Public Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat 123, Oman; (R.M.B.); (Y.A.-F.); (M.A.-A.)
| | - Yahya Al-Farsi
- Department of Family Medicine and Public Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat 123, Oman; (R.M.B.); (Y.A.-F.); (M.A.-A.)
| | - Hassan Mirza
- Department of Behavioural Medicine, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat 123, Oman;
| | - Salim Al-Huseini
- Department of Psychiatry, Al Masarra Hospital, Ministry of Health, Muscat 113, Oman;
| | - Tamadhir Al-Mahrouqi
- Psychiatry Residency Program, Oman Medical Specialty Board, Muscat 130, Oman (O.A.-K.)
| | - Omaima Al-Kiyumi
- Psychiatry Residency Program, Oman Medical Specialty Board, Muscat 130, Oman (O.A.-K.)
| | - Mohammed Al-Azri
- Department of Family Medicine and Public Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat 123, Oman; (R.M.B.); (Y.A.-F.); (M.A.-A.)
| | - Samir Al-Adawi
- Department of Behavioural Medicine, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat 123, Oman;
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Vasiliadis HM, Lunghi C, Rahme E, Rochette L, Gignac M, Massamba V, Diallo FB, Fansi A, Cortese S, Lesage A. ADHD medications use and risk of mortality and unintentional injuries: a population-based cohort study. Transl Psychiatry 2024; 14:128. [PMID: 38418443 PMCID: PMC10901868 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-024-02825-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Revised: 02/08/2024] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 03/01/2024] Open
Abstract
We assessed the association between the use of medications for attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and the risk of all-cause mortality and unintentional injuries leading to emergency department (ED) or hospital admission in individuals aged ≤24 years with ADHD. We conducted a population-based retrospective cohort study between 2000 and 2021 using Quebec health administrative data. Individuals were followed from the first ADHD diagnosis or ADHD medication claim until turning 25, death, or study end. Exposure was defined as mutually exclusive episodes of ADHD medication use and/or coverage under the public provincial drug plan (PDP): 1) covered and not treated with ADHD medication; 2) covered and treated with ADHD medication; and 3) not covered under the PDP. The risk of all-cause mortality and unintentional injuries associated with exposure episodes was estimated using multivariable survival analyses. The cohort included n = 217 192 individuals aged 1-24 years with a male to female ratio of close to 2:1. Compared to non-medication use, episodes of ADHD medication use, overall, were associated with reduced all-cause mortality (adjusted hazard ratio, aHR 0.61, 95% CI 0.48-0.76) and unintentional injury leading to ED (0.75, 0.74-0.77) or hospitalisation (0.71, 0.68-0.75). Episodes of stimulants were associated with a lower risk of all-cause mortality and reduced risk of unintentional injuries, while episodes with non-stimulants and with both stimulants and non-stimulants concomitantly were associated with reduced risk of unintentional injuries, but not of all-cause mortality. Although residual confounding cannot be excluded, stimulants may have a protective effect in terms of risk of all-cause mortality and both stimulants and non-stimulants for ADHD may reduce the risk of unintentional injuries. The findings of the current study should inform clinical decision making on the choice of starting a pharmacological treatment for ADHD, when a balance needs to be struck between expected benefits and possible risks.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Helen-Maria Vasiliadis
- Department of Community Health Science, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Sherbrooke, 150 Place Charles-Le Moyne, Longueil, QC, J4K 0A8, Canada.
- Centre de Recherche Charles-Le Moyne, 150 Place Charles-Le Moyne, Longueil, QC, J4K 0A8, Canada.
| | - Carlotta Lunghi
- Department of Health Sciences, Université du Québec à Rimouski, 1595 Boulevard Alphonse-Desjardins, Lévis, QC, G6V 0A5, Canada
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Bologna, Via Irnerio, 48 - 40126, Bologna, Italy
- Institut National de Santé Publique du Québec (National Public Health Institute of Quebec), 945, avenue Wolfe, Quebec, QC, G1V 5B3, Canada
| | - Elham Rahme
- Department of Medicine, Division of Clinical Epidemiology, McGill University, 5252 de Maisonneuve Blvd, Montreal, QC, H4A 3S5, Canada
| | - Louis Rochette
- Institut National de Santé Publique du Québec (National Public Health Institute of Quebec), 945, avenue Wolfe, Quebec, QC, G1V 5B3, Canada
| | - Martin Gignac
- Montreal Children's Hospital, McGill University Montreal, 1001 Décarie Blvd, Montréal, QC, H4A 3J1, Canada
| | - Victoria Massamba
- Institut National de Santé Publique du Québec (National Public Health Institute of Quebec), 945, avenue Wolfe, Quebec, QC, G1V 5B3, Canada
| | - Fatoumata Binta Diallo
- Institut National de Santé Publique du Québec (National Public Health Institute of Quebec), 945, avenue Wolfe, Quebec, QC, G1V 5B3, Canada
| | - Alvine Fansi
- Centre intégré universitaire de santé et de services sociaux de l'Ouest-de-l'Île-de-Montréal /Montreal West Island Integrated University Health and Social Services Centre, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Samuele Cortese
- Centre for Innovation in Mental Health, School of Psychology, Faculty of Environmental and Life Sciences, University of Southampton, Highfield Campus, Building 44, Room 4059, University Rd, Southampton, SO171PS, UK
- Clinical and Experimental Sciences (CNS and Psychiatry), Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
- Solent NHS Trust, HighPoint Venue, Bursledon Rd, Southampton, SO19 8BR, UK
- Hassenfeld Children's Hospital at NYU Langone, New York University Child Study Center, One Park, New York City, NY, 10016, USA
- Department of Precision and Regenerative Medicine and Ionian Area (DIMEPRE-J), University of Studies of Bari "Aldo Moro", Bari, Italy
| | - Alain Lesage
- Department of Psychiatry and Addictology, University of Montreal, Research Centre of the Institut universitaire en santé mentale de Montréal, 7401, rue Hochelaga, Montreal, QC, H1N 3M5, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Banaschewski T, Häge A, Hohmann S, Mechler K. Perspectives on ADHD in children and adolescents as a social construct amidst rising prevalence of diagnosis and medication use. Front Psychiatry 2024; 14:1289157. [PMID: 38250274 PMCID: PMC10796544 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2023.1289157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
The diagnosis of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is based on the presence of pervasive, persistent symptoms of inattention and/or hyperactivity/impulsivity typically emerging early in life and resulting in significant functional impairment. In contrast to a worldwide epidemiological prevalence of approximately 5% in children and 2-3% in adults, there are significant variations in the prevalence of administrative ADHD diagnoses and medication use. We assert that in order to explore the underlying dynamics of this phenomenon, a thorough understanding of the construct ADHD is necessary. We contend that ADHD is not a natural entity that unfolds within an individual and can be understood independent from societal and environmental factors, but rather that ADHD as a diagnosis can better be conceptualized as a valid and pragmatically useful social construct. Decisions to diagnose and treat ADHD should follow a person-centered approach and be focused on functional impairment within a socially constructed, context-dependent and environmentally contingent model.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tobias Banaschewski
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Alexander Häge
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Sarah Hohmann
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Konstantin Mechler
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Abbasi LN, Mazzawi T, Abasi L, Haj Ali S, Alqudah A, Al-Taiar H. The Prevalence and Associated Factors of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder Among Primary School Children in Amman, Jordan. Cureus 2023; 15:e37856. [PMID: 37214023 PMCID: PMC10199271 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.37856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/19/2023] [Indexed: 05/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a common neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by impaired levels of inattention, disorganization and/or hyperactivity-impulsivity. The aim of this study was to estimate the prevalence of ADHD among primary school children in Jordan and assess the potential risk factors. Method A cross-sectional study was conducted in 2022-2023 on 1563 school children aged six to 12 years. ADHD was assessed using parent and teacher versions of the Conners Rating scale. Risk factors were evaluated through a sociodemographic questionnaire. A p-value set at <.05 was considered statistically significant. Results ADHD prevalence based on parents' and teachers' perspectives was 27.7% and 22.5%, respectively. Males, smoking during pregnancy, low birth weight, low parental education and unemployment, and public schools had increased ADHD rates. Conclusion ADHD presents a major problem among primary school children in Jordan. Early detection, prevention, and management of this disease require parents' and teachers' awareness and risk factor control.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Lamees Abasi
- Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, King Hussein Medical Center, Royal Medical Services, Amman, JOR
| | - Sara Haj Ali
- Medicine, Al-Balqa Applied University, Al-Salt, JOR
| | - Abdallah Alqudah
- Medicine, University Hospitals Plymouth NHS Trust, Plymouth, GBR
| | | |
Collapse
|
10
|
Tan HX, Md Kamal A, Thurairajasingam S, Phipps ME. Addressing Emotional Dysregulation and Potential Pharmacogenetic Implication of 5-HTTLPR Genotype in Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder. Complex Psychiatry 2023; 9:70-88. [PMID: 37404870 PMCID: PMC10315004 DOI: 10.1159/000529732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2022] [Accepted: 02/08/2023] [Indexed: 08/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Background This review unpacks the emotional presentation of externalizing behaviors in attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), by diving into the psychophysiology, neurophysiology, and neurogenetics in relation to executive function. The correlations among these three variables are identified, showing that standard assessments for ADHD leave out the emotional dysregulation element. This may lead to suboptimal management outcomes during the developmental progression into adolescence and adulthood. Summary The emotional impulsivity manifestation in adolescence and adulthood related to the under-managed emotional dysregulation in childhood is found to be associated with subtle confounding impact of 5-HTTLPR (serotonin-transporter-linked promoter region) genotype. The genotype of interest affects the neurochemistry, neurophysiology, and psychophysiology of the cognition for executive function. The established practice of using methylphenidate in treating ADHD surprisingly has a neurogenetic effect in targeting the genotype of interest. Methylphenidate provides neuroprotective effects throughout the neurodevelopment timeline from childhood to adulthood. Key Messages The emotional dysregulation element in ADHD which is often overlooked should be addressed to improve the prognostic outcomes in adolescence and adulthood.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hao Xuan Tan
- Medical Education Unit, Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University (Sunway Campus), Subang Jaya, Malaysia
| | - Adam Md Kamal
- Medical Department, Mackay Hospital and Health Service, Mackay, QLD, Australia
| | | | - Maude Elvira Phipps
- Department of Human Genetics, Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University (Sunway Campus), Subang Jaya, Malaysia
| |
Collapse
|