1
|
Tripathi A, Pandey VK, Sharma G, Sharma AR, Taufeeq A, Jha AK, Kim JC. Genomic Insights into Dementia: Precision Medicine and the Impact of Gene-Environment Interaction. Aging Dis 2024; 15:2113-2135. [PMID: 38607741 PMCID: PMC11346410 DOI: 10.14336/ad.2024.0322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2024] [Accepted: 03/22/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
The diagnosis, treatment, and management of dementia provide significant challenges due to its chronic cognitive impairment. The complexity of this condition is further highlighted by the impact of gene-environment interactions. A recent strategy combines advanced genomics and precision medicine methods to explore the complex genetic foundations of dementia. Utilizing the most recent research in the field of neurogenetics, the importance of precise genetic data in explaining the variation seen in dementia patients can be investigated. Gene-environment interactions are important because they influence genetic susceptibilities and aid in the development and progression of dementia. Modified to each patient's genetic profile, precision medicine has the potential to detect groups at risk and make previously unheard-of predictions about the course of diseases. Precision medicine techniques have the potential to completely transform treatment and diagnosis methods. Targeted medications that target genetic abnormalities will probably appear, providing the possibility for more efficient and customized medical interventions. Investigating the relationship between genes and the environment may lead to preventive measures that would enable people to change their surroundings and minimize the risk of dementia, leading to the improved lifestyle of affected people. This paper provides a comprehensive overview of the genomic insights into dementia, emphasizing the pivotal role of precision medicine, and gene-environment interactions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anjali Tripathi
- Department of Biotechnology, Sharda School of Engineering and Technology, Sharda University, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Vinay Kumar Pandey
- Division of Research & Innovation (DRI), School of Applied & Life Sciences, Uttaranchal University, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Garima Sharma
- Department of Biomedical Science & Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Ashish Ranjan Sharma
- Institute for Skeletal Aging & Orthopedic Surgery, Hallym University-Chuncheon Sacred Heart Hospital, Chuncheon-si, 24252, Gangwon-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Anam Taufeeq
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Engineering and Technology, Rama University, Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Abhimanyu Kumar Jha
- Department of Biotechnology, Sharda School of Engineering and Technology, Sharda University, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Jin-Chul Kim
- Department of Biomedical Science & Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Hang Z, Zhou L, Bian X, Liu G, Cui F, Du H, Wen Y. Potential application of aptamers combined with DNA nanoflowers in neurodegenerative diseases. Ageing Res Rev 2024; 100:102444. [PMID: 39084322 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2024.102444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2024] [Revised: 07/09/2024] [Accepted: 07/28/2024] [Indexed: 08/02/2024]
Abstract
The efficacy of neurotherapeutic drugs hinges on their ability to traverse the blood-brain barrier and access the brain, which is crucial for treating or alleviating neurodegenerative diseases (NDs). Given the absence of definitive cures for NDs, early diagnosis and intervention become paramount in impeding disease progression. However, conventional therapeutic drugs and existing diagnostic approaches must meet clinical demands. Consequently, there is a pressing need to advance drug delivery systems and early diagnostic methods tailored for NDs. Certain aptamers endowed with specific functionalities find widespread utility in the targeted therapy and diagnosis of NDs. DNA nanoflowers (DNFs), distinctive flower-shaped DNA nanomaterials, are intricately self-assembled through rolling ring amplification (RCA) of circular DNA templates. Notably, imbuing DNFs with diverse functionalities becomes seamlessly achievable by integrating aptamer sequences with specific functions into RCA templates, resulting in a novel nanomaterial, aptamer-bound DNFs (ADNFs) that amalgamates the advantageous features of both components. This article delves into the characteristics and applications of aptamers and DNFs, exploring the potential or application of ADNFs in drug-targeted delivery, direct treatment, early diagnosis, etc. The objective is to offer prospective ideas for the clinical treatment or diagnosis of NDs, thereby contributing to the ongoing efforts in this critical field.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhongci Hang
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Bioengineering and Sensing Technology, Daxing Research Institute, School of Chemistry and Biological Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Liping Zhou
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Bioengineering and Sensing Technology, Daxing Research Institute, School of Chemistry and Biological Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China.
| | - Xiaochun Bian
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Bioengineering and Sensing Technology, Daxing Research Institute, School of Chemistry and Biological Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Guotao Liu
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Bioengineering and Sensing Technology, Daxing Research Institute, School of Chemistry and Biological Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Fenghe Cui
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Affiliated Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital of Qingdao University, No. 20 Yuhuangdingdong Road, Zhifu District, Yantai, Shandong 264000, China.
| | - Hongwu Du
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Bioengineering and Sensing Technology, Daxing Research Institute, School of Chemistry and Biological Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China.
| | - Yongqiang Wen
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Bioengineering and Sensing Technology, Daxing Research Institute, School of Chemistry and Biological Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Mukherjee S, Poudyal M, Dave K, Kadu P, Maji SK. Protein misfolding and amyloid nucleation through liquid-liquid phase separation. Chem Soc Rev 2024; 53:4976-5013. [PMID: 38597222 DOI: 10.1039/d3cs01065a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/11/2024]
Abstract
Liquid-liquid phase separation (LLPS) is an emerging phenomenon in cell physiology and diseases. The weak multivalent interaction prerequisite for LLPS is believed to be facilitated through intrinsically disordered regions, which are prevalent in neurodegenerative disease-associated proteins. These aggregation-prone proteins also exhibit an inherent property for phase separation, resulting in protein-rich liquid-like droplets. The very high local protein concentration in the water-deficient confined microenvironment not only drives the viscoelastic transition from the liquid to solid-like state but also most often nucleate amyloid fibril formation. Indeed, protein misfolding, oligomerization, and amyloid aggregation are observed to be initiated from the LLPS of various neurodegeneration-related proteins. Moreover, in these cases, neurodegeneration-promoting genetic and environmental factors play a direct role in amyloid aggregation preceded by the phase separation. These cumulative recent observations ignite the possibility of LLPS being a prominent nucleation mechanism associated with aberrant protein aggregation. The present review elaborates on the nucleation mechanism of the amyloid aggregation pathway and the possible early molecular events associated with amyloid-related protein phase separation. It also summarizes the recent advancement in understanding the aberrant phase transition of major proteins contributing to neurodegeneration focusing on the common disease-associated factors. Overall, this review proposes a generic LLPS-mediated multistep nucleation mechanism for amyloid aggregation and its implication in neurodegeneration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Semanti Mukherjee
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai 400076, India.
| | - Manisha Poudyal
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai 400076, India.
| | - Kritika Dave
- Sunita Sanghi Centre of Aging and Neurodegenerative Diseases, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai 400076, India
| | - Pradeep Kadu
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai 400076, India.
| | - Samir K Maji
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai 400076, India.
- Sunita Sanghi Centre of Aging and Neurodegenerative Diseases, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai 400076, India
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Jovanovic L, Damaševičius R, Matic R, Kabiljo M, Simic V, Kunjadic G, Antonijevic M, Zivkovic M, Bacanin N. Detecting Parkinson's disease from shoe-mounted accelerometer sensors using convolutional neural networks optimized with modified metaheuristics. PeerJ Comput Sci 2024; 10:e2031. [PMID: 38855236 PMCID: PMC11157549 DOI: 10.7717/peerj-cs.2031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2024] [Accepted: 04/09/2024] [Indexed: 06/11/2024]
Abstract
Neurodegenerative conditions significantly impact patient quality of life. Many conditions do not have a cure, but with appropriate and timely treatment the advance of the disease could be diminished. However, many patients only seek a diagnosis once the condition progresses to a point at which the quality of life is significantly impacted. Effective non-invasive and readily accessible methods for early diagnosis can considerably enhance the quality of life of patients affected by neurodegenerative conditions. This work explores the potential of convolutional neural networks (CNNs) for patient gain freezing associated with Parkinson's disease. Sensor data collected from wearable gyroscopes located at the sole of the patient's shoe record walking patterns. These patterns are further analyzed using convolutional networks to accurately detect abnormal walking patterns. The suggested method is assessed on a public real-world dataset collected from parents affected by Parkinson's as well as individuals from a control group. To improve the accuracy of the classification, an altered variant of the recent crayfish optimization algorithm is introduced and compared to contemporary optimization metaheuristics. Our findings reveal that the modified algorithm (MSCHO) significantly outperforms other methods in accuracy, demonstrated by low error rates and high Cohen's Kappa, precision, sensitivity, and F1-measures across three datasets. These results suggest the potential of CNNs, combined with advanced optimization techniques, for early, non-invasive diagnosis of neurodegenerative conditions, offering a path to improve patient quality of life.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Luka Jovanovic
- Faculty of Technical Sciences, Singidunum University, Belgrade, Serbia
| | | | - Rade Matic
- Department for Information Systems and Technologies, Belgrade Academy for Business and Arts Applied Studies, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Milos Kabiljo
- Department for Information Systems and Technologies, Belgrade Academy for Business and Arts Applied Studies, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Vladimir Simic
- Faculty of Transport and Traffic Engineering, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
- College of Engineering, Department of Industrial Engineering and Management, Yuan Ze University, Taoyuan City, Taiwan
| | - Goran Kunjadic
- Higher Colleges of Technology, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Milos Antonijevic
- Faculty of Informatics and Computing, Singidunum University, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Miodrag Zivkovic
- Faculty of Informatics and Computing, Singidunum University, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Nebojsa Bacanin
- Faculty of Informatics and Computing, Singidunum University, Belgrade, Serbia
- MEU Research Unit, Middle East University, Amman, Jordan
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Gushi S, Balis V. Mitochondrial Inherited Disorders and their Correlation with Neurodegenerative Diseases. Endocr Metab Immune Disord Drug Targets 2024; 24:381-393. [PMID: 37937560 DOI: 10.2174/0118715303250271231018103202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2023] [Revised: 07/13/2023] [Accepted: 09/15/2023] [Indexed: 11/09/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondria are essential organelles for the survival of a cell because they produce energy. The cells that need more mitochondria are neurons because they perform a variety of tasks that are necessary to support brain homeostasis. The build-up of abnormal proteins in neurons, as well as their interactions with mitochondrial proteins, or MAM proteins, cause serious health issues. As a result, mitochondrial functions, such as mitophagy, are impaired, resulting in the disorders described in this review. They are also due to mtDNA mutations, which alter the heritability of diseases. The topic of disease prevention, as well as the diagnosis, requires further explanation and exploration. Finally, there are treatments that are quite promising, but more detailed research is needed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sofjana Gushi
- Department of Health Science and Biomedical Science, Metropolitan College - Thessaloniki Campus, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Vasileios Balis
- Department of Health Science and Biomedical Science, Metropolitan College - Thessaloniki Campus, Thessaloniki, Greece
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Boccaccini A, Cavaterra D, Carnevale C, Tanga L, Marini S, Bocedi A, Lacal PM, Manni G, Graziani G, Sbardella D, Tundo GR. Novel frontiers in neuroprotective therapies in glaucoma: Molecular and clinical aspects. Mol Aspects Med 2023; 94:101225. [PMID: 38000334 DOI: 10.1016/j.mam.2023.101225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Revised: 10/24/2023] [Accepted: 10/27/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023]
Abstract
In the last years, neuroprotective therapies have attracted the researcher interests as modern and challenging approach for the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases, aimed at protecting the nervous system from injuries. Glaucoma is a neurodegenerative disease characterized by progressive excavation of the optic nerve head, retinal axonal injury and corresponding vision loss that affects millions of people on a global scale. The molecular basis of the pathology is largely uncharacterized yet, and the therapeutic approaches available do not change the natural course of the disease. Therefore, in accordance with the therapeutic regimens proposed for other neurodegenerative diseases, a modern strategy to treat glaucoma includes prescription of drugs with neuroprotective activities. With respect to this, several preclinical and clinical investigations on a plethora of different drugs are currently ongoing. In this review, first, the conceptualization of the rationale for the adoption of neuroprotective strategies for retina is summarized. Second, the molecular aspects highlighting glaucoma as a neurodegenerative disease are reported. In conclusion, the molecular and pharmacological properties of most promising direct neuroprotective drugs used to delay glaucoma progression are examined, including: neurotrophic factors, NMDA receptor antagonists, the α2-adrenergic agonist, brimonidine, calcium channel blockers, antioxidant agents, nicotinamide and statins.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Dario Cavaterra
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Chimiche, Università di Tor Vergata, Via Della Ricerca Scientifica 1, 00133, Rome, Italy
| | | | | | - Stefano Marini
- Dipartimento di Scienze Cliniche e Medicina Traslazionale, Università di Roma Tor Vergata, Via Montpellier n. 1, 00133, Roma, Italy
| | - Alessio Bocedi
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Chimiche, Università di Tor Vergata, Via Della Ricerca Scientifica 1, 00133, Rome, Italy
| | - Pedro M Lacal
- Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, IDI-IRCCS, Via Monti di Creta 104, 00167, Rome, Italy
| | - Gianluca Manni
- IRCCS - Fondazione Bietti, Rome, Italy; Dipartimento di Scienze Cliniche e Medicina Traslazionale, Università di Roma Tor Vergata, Via Montpellier n. 1, 00133, Roma, Italy
| | - Grazia Graziani
- Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Via Montpellier, 1, 00133, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Grazia Raffaella Tundo
- Dipartimento di Scienze Cliniche e Medicina Traslazionale, Università di Roma Tor Vergata, Via Montpellier n. 1, 00133, Roma, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Sintila SA, Boziki M, Bakirtzis C, Stardeli T, Smyrni N, Nikolaidis I, Parissis D, Afrantou T, Karapanayiotides T, Koutroulou I, Giantzi V, Theotokis P, Kesidou E, Xiromerisiou G, Dardiotis E, Ioannidis P, Grigoriadis N. The Experience of a Tertiary Reference Hospital in the Study of Rare Neurological Diseases. MEDICINA (KAUNAS, LITHUANIA) 2023; 59:medicina59020266. [PMID: 36837468 PMCID: PMC9959728 DOI: 10.3390/medicina59020266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2022] [Revised: 01/25/2023] [Accepted: 01/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Background and Objectives: Rare diseases (RDs) are life-threatening or chronically impairing conditions that affect about 6% of the world's population. RDs are often called 'orphan' diseases, since people suffering from them attract little support from national health systems. Aim: The aim of this study is to describe the clinical characteristics of, and the available laboratory examinations for, patients who were hospitalized in a tertiary referral center and finally received a diagnosis associated with a Rare Neurological Disease (RND). Materials and Methods: Patients that were hospitalized in our clinic from 1 January 2014 to 31 March 2022 and were finally diagnosed with an RND were consecutively included. The RND classification was performed according to the ORPHAcode system. Results: A total of 342 out of 11.850 (2.9%) adult patients admitted to our department during this period received a diagnosis associated with an RND. The most common diagnosis (N = 80, 23%) involved an RND presenting with dementia, followed by a motor neuron disease spectrum disorder (N = 64, 18.7%). Family history indicative of an RND was present in only 21 patients (6.1%). Fifty-five (16%) people had previously been misdiagnosed with another neurological condition. The mean time delay between disease onset and diagnosis was 4.24 ± 0.41 years. Conclusions: Our data indicate that a broad spectrum of RNDs may reach a tertiary Neurological Center after a significant delay. Moreover, our data underline the need for a network of reference centers, both at a national and international level, expected to support research on the diagnosis and treatment of RND.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Styliani-Aggeliki Sintila
- 2nd Department of Neurology, AHEPA University Hospital, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54636 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Marina Boziki
- 2nd Department of Neurology, AHEPA University Hospital, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54636 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Christos Bakirtzis
- 2nd Department of Neurology, AHEPA University Hospital, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54636 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Thomai Stardeli
- 2nd Department of Neurology, AHEPA University Hospital, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54636 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Nikoletta Smyrni
- 2nd Department of Neurology, AHEPA University Hospital, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54636 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Ioannis Nikolaidis
- 2nd Department of Neurology, AHEPA University Hospital, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54636 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Dimitrios Parissis
- 2nd Department of Neurology, AHEPA University Hospital, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54636 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Theodora Afrantou
- 2nd Department of Neurology, AHEPA University Hospital, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54636 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Theodore Karapanayiotides
- 2nd Department of Neurology, AHEPA University Hospital, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54636 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Ioanna Koutroulou
- 2nd Department of Neurology, AHEPA University Hospital, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54636 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Virginia Giantzi
- 2nd Department of Neurology, AHEPA University Hospital, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54636 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Paschalis Theotokis
- Laboratory of Experimental Neurology and Neuroimmunology, 2nd Department of Neurology, AHEPA University Hospital, 54636 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Evangelia Kesidou
- Laboratory of Experimental Neurology and Neuroimmunology, 2nd Department of Neurology, AHEPA University Hospital, 54636 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Georgia Xiromerisiou
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital of Larissa, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Thessaly, 41110 Larissa, Greece
| | - Efthimios Dardiotis
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital of Larissa, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Thessaly, 41110 Larissa, Greece
| | - Panagiotis Ioannidis
- 2nd Department of Neurology, AHEPA University Hospital, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54636 Thessaloniki, Greece
- Correspondence: (P.I.); (N.G.)
| | - Nikolaos Grigoriadis
- 2nd Department of Neurology, AHEPA University Hospital, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54636 Thessaloniki, Greece
- Correspondence: (P.I.); (N.G.)
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Iragorri N, Toccalino D, Mishra S, Chan BCF, Dilliott AA, Robinson JF, Hegele RA, Hancock-Howard R. Cost-effectiveness of a gene sequencing test for Alzheimer’s disease in Ontario. J Community Genet 2022; 14:135-147. [PMID: 36434378 PMCID: PMC10104984 DOI: 10.1007/s12687-022-00619-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2022] [Accepted: 11/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's f disease (AD) affects approximately 250,000 Ontarians, a number that is expected to double by 2040. The Ontario Neurodegenerative Disease Research Initiative has developed an in-province genetic test (ONDRISeq), which currently runs in Ontario in an experimental capacity. The aim of this study is to estimate the costs and health outcomes associated with ONDRISeq to diagnose AD relative to out-of-country (OOC) testing (status quo). A cost-utility analysis was developed for a hypothetical cohort of 65-year-olds at risk of AD in Ontario over a 25-year time horizon. Costs and health outcomes (quality-adjusted life years (QALYs)) were assessed from a healthcare payer perspective. Cost-effectiveness was assessed with a $50,000 cost-effectiveness threshold. Probabilistic sensitivity analyses were conducted to evaluate parameter uncertainty. ONDRISeq saved $54 per patient relative to OOC testing and led to a small QALY gain in the base case (0.0014 per patient). Results were most sensitive to testing costs, uptake rates, and treatment efficacy. ONDRISeq represented better value for money relative to OOC testing throughout 75% of 10,000 probabilistic iterations. Using ONDRISeq is expected to provide health system cost savings. Switching to ONDRISeq for AD genetic testing in Ontario would be dependent on the ability to accommodate the expected testing volumes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Iragorri
- Institute for Health Policy, Management and Evaluation, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON Canada
| | - Danielle Toccalino
- Institute for Health Policy, Management and Evaluation, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON Canada
| | - Sujata Mishra
- Institute for Health Policy, Management and Evaluation, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON Canada
| | - Brian CF. Chan
- KITE - Toronto Rehabilitation Institute, Institute for Health Policy, Management and Evaluation, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON Canada
| | - Allison A. Dilliott
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, QC Canada
| | - John F. Robinson
- Robarts Research Institute, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, ON Canada
| | - Robert A. Hegele
- Robarts Research Institute, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, ON Canada
- Department of Biochemistry, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, ON Canada
| | - Rebecca Hancock-Howard
- Institute for Health Policy, Management and Evaluation, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON Canada
| | | |
Collapse
|
9
|
Synucleinopathy in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis: A Potential Avenue for Antisense Therapeutics? Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23169364. [PMID: 36012622 PMCID: PMC9409035 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23169364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Revised: 08/17/2022] [Accepted: 08/18/2022] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is the most common adult-onset motor neuron disease classified as both a neurodegenerative and neuromuscular disorder. With a complex aetiology and no current cure for ALS, broadening the understanding of disease pathology and therapeutic avenues is required to progress with patient care. Alpha-synuclein (αSyn) is a hallmark for disease in neurodegenerative disorders, such as Parkinson's disease, Lewy body dementia, and multiple system atrophy. A growing body of evidence now suggests that αSyn may also play a pathological role in ALS, with αSyn-positive Lewy bodies co-aggregating alongside known ALS pathogenic proteins, such as SOD1 and TDP-43. This review endeavours to capture the scope of literature regarding the aetiology and development of ALS and its commonalities with "synucleinopathy disorders". We will discuss the involvement of αSyn in ALS and motor neuron disease pathology, and the current theories and strategies for therapeutics in ALS treatment, as well as those targeting αSyn for synucleinopathies, with a core focus on small molecule RNA technologies.
Collapse
|
10
|
Xie D, Duan R, Li C, Xie Z, Wang A, Xiong L, Wei J, Xi H, Fang J, Yan H, Wang J, Zhang Y, Mao X, Wang J, Wang H. Study on the Economic Burden of Neurodevelopmental Diseases on Patients With Genetic Diagnosis. Front Public Health 2022; 10:887796. [PMID: 35615033 PMCID: PMC9126321 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.887796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2022] [Accepted: 04/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective To study the burden of neurodevelopmental diseases (NDDs) via cost-of-illness analysis of Chinese patients with genetic diagnosis. Methods We recruited NDD patients (0–18 years old) with genetic diagnosis (GD) from September 1, 2020 to January 30, 2021. We gathered basic information on the details of diagnosis, as well as the direct medical cost, direct non-healthcare cost and indirect cost before and after receiving GD. We corrected the cost for time biases by calculating the cost per day for each patient. Results For the 502 patients with NDDs, the mean age was 4.08 ± 3.47. The household income was 0.6 (0.4, 1.0) 10,000 CNY per-month on average. The direct medical cost, direct non-healthcare cost and indirect cost were 12.27 (7.36, 22.23) 10,000 CNY, 1.45 (0.73, 2.69)10,000 CNY and 14.14(4.80, 28.25) 10,000 CNY per patient, respectively. Every patient received 1.20 (0.34, 3.60) 10,000 CNY on average (15.91%) from insurance. The daily total cost after receiving GD were ~62.48% lower than those before GD (191.59 CNY vs. 71.45 CNY). The descend range of lab cost (95.77%, P < 0.05) was the largest, followed by drugs (91.39%, P < 0.05), hospitalization (90.85%, P < 0.05), and consultation (57.41%, P < 0.05). The cost of rehabilitation kept slightly increasing but there were no significant differences (P > 0.05). The daily direct medical cost of each patient fell by 75.26% (P < 0.05) from 311.79 CNY to 77.14 CNY when the diagnostic age was younger than 1, and declined by 49.30% (P < 0.05) and 8.97% (P > 0.05) when the diagnostic age was 1–3 and older than 3, respectively. Conclusions Early genetic diagnosis is crucial for to reducing the burden of disease because of the amount of money spent was lower when they are diagnosed at younger age. Patients with NDDs can incur a heavy economic burden, especially in rehabilitation cost and indirect cost, because the insurance coverage for patients is low, so it is urgent for governments to pay more attention to these issues.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Donghua Xie
- Department of Information Management, Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Hunan Province, Changsha, China
| | - Ruoyu Duan
- Department of Pediatrics, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
- Department of Neurology, National Center for Children's Health, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Chen Li
- Children Health Hospital of Shenzhen City, Shenzhen, China
| | - Zhiqun Xie
- Department of Information Management, Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Hunan Province, Changsha, China
| | - Aihua Wang
- Department of Information Management, Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Hunan Province, Changsha, China
| | - Lili Xiong
- Department of Information Management, Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Hunan Province, Changsha, China
| | - Jianhui Wei
- Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Hui Xi
- Department of Information Management, Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Hunan Province, Changsha, China
| | - Junqu Fang
- Department of Information Management, Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Hunan Province, Changsha, China
| | - Huifang Yan
- Department of Pediatrics, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Junyu Wang
- Department of Pediatrics, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Department of Pediatrics, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Xiao Mao
- NHC Key Laboratory of Birth Defect for Research and Prevention (Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Hunan Province), Changsha, China
- *Correspondence: Xiao Mao
| | - Jingmin Wang
- Department of Pediatrics, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Molecular Diagnosis and Study on Pediatric Genetic Diseases, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory for Neuroscience, Ministry of Education/National Health and Family Planning Commission, Peking University, Beijing, China
- Jingmin Wang
| | - Hua Wang
- NHC Key Laboratory of Birth Defect for Research and Prevention (Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Hunan Province), Changsha, China
- Hua Wang
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Mechanistic and Therapeutic Insights into Ataxic Disorders with Pentanucleotide Expansions. Cells 2022; 11:cells11091567. [PMID: 35563872 PMCID: PMC9099484 DOI: 10.3390/cells11091567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2022] [Revised: 05/02/2022] [Accepted: 05/05/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Pentanucleotide expansion diseases constitute a special class of neurodegeneration. The repeat expansions occur in non-coding regions, have likely arisen from Alu elements, and often result in autosomal dominant or recessive phenotypes with underlying cerebellar neuropathology. When transcribed (potentially bidirectionally), the expanded RNA forms complex secondary and tertiary structures that can give rise to RNA-mediated toxicity, including protein sequestration, pentapeptide synthesis, and mRNA dysregulation. Since several of these diseases have recently been discovered, our understanding of their pathological mechanisms is limited, and their therapeutic interventions underexplored. This review aims to highlight new in vitro and in vivo insights into these incurable diseases.
Collapse
|
12
|
Bloom AJ, Mao X, Strickland A, Sasaki Y, Milbrandt J, DiAntonio A. Constitutively active SARM1 variants that induce neuropathy are enriched in ALS patients. Mol Neurodegener 2022; 17:1. [PMID: 34991663 PMCID: PMC8739729 DOI: 10.1186/s13024-021-00511-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Accepted: 12/17/2021] [Indexed: 03/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Background In response to injury, neurons activate a program of organized axon self-destruction initiated by the NAD+ hydrolase, SARM1. In healthy neurons SARM1 is autoinhibited, but single amino acid changes can abolish autoinhibition leading to constitutively active SARM1 enzymes that promote degeneration when expressed in cultured neurons. Methods To investigate whether naturally occurring human variants might disrupt SARM1 autoinhibition and potentially contribute to risk for neurodegenerative disease, we assayed the enzymatic activity of all 42 rare SARM1 alleles identified among 8507 amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) patients and 9671 controls. We then intrathecally injected mice with virus expressing SARM1 constructs to test the capacity of an ALS-associated constitutively active SARM1 variant to promote neurodegeneration in vivo. Results Twelve out of 42 SARM1 missense variants or small in-frame deletions assayed exhibit constitutive NADase activity, including more than half of those that are unique to the ALS patients or that occur in multiple patients. There is a > 5-fold enrichment of constitutively active variants among patients compared to controls. Expression of constitutively active ALS-associated SARM1 alleles in cultured dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons is pro-degenerative and cytotoxic. Intrathecal injection of an AAV expressing the common SARM1 reference allele is innocuous to mice, but a construct harboring SARM1V184G, the constitutively active variant found most frequently among the ALS patients, causes axon loss, motor dysfunction, and sustained neuroinflammation. Conclusions These results implicate rare hypermorphic SARM1 alleles as candidate genetic risk factors for ALS and other neurodegenerative conditions. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13024-021-00511-x.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A Joseph Bloom
- Needleman Center for Neurometabolism and Axonal Therapeutics and Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine in Saint Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA.
| | - Xianrong Mao
- Needleman Center for Neurometabolism and Axonal Therapeutics and Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine in Saint Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Amy Strickland
- Needleman Center for Neurometabolism and Axonal Therapeutics and Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine in Saint Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Yo Sasaki
- Needleman Center for Neurometabolism and Axonal Therapeutics and Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine in Saint Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Jeffrey Milbrandt
- Needleman Center for Neurometabolism and Axonal Therapeutics and Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine in Saint Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA.
| | - Aaron DiAntonio
- Needleman Center for Neurometabolism and Axonal Therapeutics and Department of Developmental Biology, Washington University School of Medicine in Saint Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Huang MH, Liu YF, Nfor ON, Hsu SY, Lin WY, Chang YS, Liaw YP. Interactive Association Between Intronic Polymorphism (rs10506151) of the LRRK2 Gene and Type 2 Diabetes on Neurodegenerative Diseases. PHARMACOGENOMICS & PERSONALIZED MEDICINE 2021; 14:839-847. [PMID: 34285552 PMCID: PMC8286148 DOI: 10.2147/pgpm.s316158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2021] [Accepted: 06/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Purpose We investigated the interactive effect of rs10506151 polymorphism of the Leucine-rich repeat kinase 2 (LRRK2) gene and type 2 diabetes (T2D) on neurodegenerative disease (ND) risk. Materials and Methods Data of 17, 927 participants in the Taiwan Biobank (TWB) assessed between 2008 and 2015 were linked to healthcare records in the National Health Insurance Research Database (NHIRD). The odd ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for NDs were determined using logistic regression analysis. Results There were 145 cases with NDs, and 28.28% (n = 41) of these individuals had T2D. Associations of neurodegenerative disorders with LRRK2 rs10506151 variant and T2D were not significant. The corresponding ORs (95% CI) for NDs were 1.06 (0.75–1.49) in CA/AA compared to CC individuals and 0.93 (0.63–1.39) in those with T2D compared to non-diabetic participants. However, we found evidence of a significant interaction between rs10506151 and T2D (p = 0.0073). After stratification by genotypes of rs10506151, the OR for NDs was 0.37 (CI, 0.17–0.82) in CA/AA individuals with T2D and 1.41 (0.88–2.27) in their CC counterparts. When CA/AA individuals with T2D represented the reference group, the OR (95% CI) was 1.74 (0.81–3.73) in CC individuals with no T2D, 2.47 (CI, 1.14–5.38) in CA/AA individuals with no T2D, and 2.34 (CI, 1.07–5.11) in CC individuals with T2D. Conclusion Our data indicated that the risk of NDs was significantly lower among diabetic individuals with combined CA/AA of the LRRK2 rs10506151 variant in Taiwan.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mei-Hsuen Huang
- Department of Chinese Pharmaceutical Sciences and Chinese Medicine Resources, College of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, 40402, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Fan Liu
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.,Division of Allergy, Department of Pediatrics, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Oswald Ndi Nfor
- Department of Public Health and Institute of Public Health, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, 40201, Taiwan
| | - Shu-Yi Hsu
- Department of Public Health and Institute of Public Health, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, 40201, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Yong Lin
- Graduate Institute of Integrated Medicine, College of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, 40402, Taiwan.,Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, 40447, Taiwan.,Brain Diseases Research Center, China Medical University, Taichung, 40402, Taiwan
| | - Yuan-Shiun Chang
- Department of Chinese Pharmaceutical Sciences and Chinese Medicine Resources, College of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, 40402, Taiwan
| | - Yung-Po Liaw
- Department of Public Health and Institute of Public Health, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, 40201, Taiwan.,Department of Medical Imaging, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung City, 40201, Taiwan
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Role of Kynurenine Pathway in Oxidative Stress during Neurodegenerative Disorders. Cells 2021; 10:cells10071603. [PMID: 34206739 PMCID: PMC8306609 DOI: 10.3390/cells10071603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2021] [Revised: 06/18/2021] [Accepted: 06/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurodegenerative disorders are chronic and life-threatening conditions negatively affecting the quality of patients’ lives. They often have a genetic background, but oxidative stress and mitochondrial damage seem to be at least partly responsible for their development. Recent reports indicate that the activation of the kynurenine pathway (KP), caused by an activation of proinflammatory factors accompanying neurodegenerative processes, leads to the accumulation of its neuroactive and pro-oxidative metabolites. This leads to an increase in the oxidative stress level, which increases mitochondrial damage, and disrupts the cellular energy metabolism. This significantly reduces viability and impairs the proper functioning of central nervous system cells and may aggravate symptoms of many psychiatric and neurodegenerative disorders. This suggests that the modulation of KP activity could be effective in alleviating these symptoms. Numerous reports indicate that tryptophan supplementation, inhibition of KP enzymes, and administration or analogs of KP metabolites show promising results in the management of neurodegenerative disorders in animal models. This review gathers and systematizes the knowledge concerning the role of metabolites and enzymes of the KP in the development of oxidative damage within brain cells during neurodegenerative disorders and potential strategies that could reduce the severity of this process.
Collapse
|
15
|
Onaolapo OJ, Onaolapo AY, Olowe OA, Udoh MO, Udoh DO, Nathaniel TI. Melatonin and Melatonergic Influence on Neuronal Transcription Factors: Implications for the Development of Novel Therapies for Neurodegenerative Disorders. Curr Neuropharmacol 2021; 18:563-577. [PMID: 31885352 PMCID: PMC7457420 DOI: 10.2174/1570159x18666191230114339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2019] [Revised: 12/16/2019] [Accepted: 12/28/2019] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Melatonin is a multifunctional signalling molecule that is secreted by the mammalian pineal gland, and also found in a number of organisms including plants and bacteria. Research has continued to uncover an ever-increasing number of processes in which melatonin is known to play crucial roles in mammals. Amongst these functions is its contribution to cell multiplication, differentiation and survival in the brain. Experimental studies show that melatonin can achieve these functions by influencing transcription factors which control neuronal and glial gene expression. Since neuronal survival and differentiation are processes that are important determinants of the pathogenesis, course and outcome of neurodegenerative disorders; the known and potential influences of melatonin on neuronal and glial transcription factors are worthy of constant examination. In this review, relevant scientific literature on the role of melatonin in preventing or altering the course and outcome of neurodegenerative disorders, by focusing on melatonin's influence on transcription factors is examined. A number of transcription factors whose functions can be influenced by melatonin in neurodegenerative disease models have also been highlighted. Finally, the therapeutic implications of melatonin's influences have also been discussed and the potential limitations to its applications have been highlighted.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Olakunle J. Onaolapo
- Behavioural Neuroscience/Neuropharmacology Unit, Department of Pharmacology, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Osogbo, Osun State, Nigeria
| | - Adejoke Y. Onaolapo
- Behavioural Neuroscience/Neurobiology Unit, Department of Anatomy, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Ogbomosho, Oyo State, Nigeria
| | - Olugbenga A. Olowe
- Molecular Bacteriology and Immunology Unit, Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Osogbo, Osun State, Nigeria
| | - Mojisola O. Udoh
- Department of Pathology, University of Benin Teaching Hospital, Benin City, Nigeria
| | - David O. Udoh
- Division of Neurological Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Benin Teaching Hospital, Benin City, Edo State, Nigeria
| | - Thomas I. Nathaniel
- University of South Carolina School of Medicine-Greenville, Greenville, South Carolina, 29605, United States
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Vilor-Tejedor N, Evans TE, Adams HH, González-de-Echávarri JM, Molinuevo JL, Guigo R, Gispert JD, Operto G. Genetic Influences on Hippocampal Subfields: An Emerging Area of Neuroscience Research. NEUROLOGY-GENETICS 2021; 7:e591. [PMID: 34124350 PMCID: PMC8192059 DOI: 10.1212/nxg.0000000000000591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2020] [Accepted: 03/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
There is clear evidence that hippocampal subfield volumes have partly distinct genetic determinants associated with specific biological processes. The identification of genetic correlates of hippocampal subfield volumes may help to elucidate the mechanisms of neurologic diseases, as well as aging and neurodegenerative processes. However, despite the emerging interest in this area of research, the current knowledge of the genetic architecture of hippocampal subfields has not yet been consolidated. We aimed to provide a review of the current evidence from genetic studies of hippocampal subfields, highlighting current priorities and upcoming challenges. The limited number of studies investigating the influential genetic effects on hippocampal subfields, a lack of replicated results and longitudinal designs, and modest sample sizes combined with insufficient standardization of protocols are identified as the most pressing challenges in this emerging area of research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Vilor-Tejedor
- Barcelonaβeta Brain Research Center (BBRC) (N.V.-T., J.M.G.-d-E., J.L.M., J.D.G., G.O.), Pasqual Maragall Foundation; Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG) (N.V.-T., R.G.), the Barcelona Institute for Science and Technology, Spain; Department of Clinical Genetics (N.V.-T., T.E.E., H.H.A.), Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Universitat Pompeu Fabra (N.V.-T., J.M.G.--E., J.L.M., R.G., J.D.G.), Barcelona, Spain; Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine (H.H.A.), Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; IMIM (Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute) (J.L.M., J.D.G., G.O.), Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fragilidad y Envejecimiento Saludable (CIBERFES) (J.L.M., G.O.); and Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Bioingeniería (J.D.G.), Biomateriales y Nanomedicina, Madrid, Spain
| | - Tavia E Evans
- Barcelonaβeta Brain Research Center (BBRC) (N.V.-T., J.M.G.-d-E., J.L.M., J.D.G., G.O.), Pasqual Maragall Foundation; Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG) (N.V.-T., R.G.), the Barcelona Institute for Science and Technology, Spain; Department of Clinical Genetics (N.V.-T., T.E.E., H.H.A.), Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Universitat Pompeu Fabra (N.V.-T., J.M.G.--E., J.L.M., R.G., J.D.G.), Barcelona, Spain; Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine (H.H.A.), Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; IMIM (Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute) (J.L.M., J.D.G., G.O.), Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fragilidad y Envejecimiento Saludable (CIBERFES) (J.L.M., G.O.); and Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Bioingeniería (J.D.G.), Biomateriales y Nanomedicina, Madrid, Spain
| | - Hieab H Adams
- Barcelonaβeta Brain Research Center (BBRC) (N.V.-T., J.M.G.-d-E., J.L.M., J.D.G., G.O.), Pasqual Maragall Foundation; Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG) (N.V.-T., R.G.), the Barcelona Institute for Science and Technology, Spain; Department of Clinical Genetics (N.V.-T., T.E.E., H.H.A.), Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Universitat Pompeu Fabra (N.V.-T., J.M.G.--E., J.L.M., R.G., J.D.G.), Barcelona, Spain; Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine (H.H.A.), Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; IMIM (Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute) (J.L.M., J.D.G., G.O.), Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fragilidad y Envejecimiento Saludable (CIBERFES) (J.L.M., G.O.); and Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Bioingeniería (J.D.G.), Biomateriales y Nanomedicina, Madrid, Spain
| | - José María González-de-Echávarri
- Barcelonaβeta Brain Research Center (BBRC) (N.V.-T., J.M.G.-d-E., J.L.M., J.D.G., G.O.), Pasqual Maragall Foundation; Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG) (N.V.-T., R.G.), the Barcelona Institute for Science and Technology, Spain; Department of Clinical Genetics (N.V.-T., T.E.E., H.H.A.), Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Universitat Pompeu Fabra (N.V.-T., J.M.G.--E., J.L.M., R.G., J.D.G.), Barcelona, Spain; Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine (H.H.A.), Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; IMIM (Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute) (J.L.M., J.D.G., G.O.), Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fragilidad y Envejecimiento Saludable (CIBERFES) (J.L.M., G.O.); and Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Bioingeniería (J.D.G.), Biomateriales y Nanomedicina, Madrid, Spain
| | - José Luis Molinuevo
- Barcelonaβeta Brain Research Center (BBRC) (N.V.-T., J.M.G.-d-E., J.L.M., J.D.G., G.O.), Pasqual Maragall Foundation; Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG) (N.V.-T., R.G.), the Barcelona Institute for Science and Technology, Spain; Department of Clinical Genetics (N.V.-T., T.E.E., H.H.A.), Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Universitat Pompeu Fabra (N.V.-T., J.M.G.--E., J.L.M., R.G., J.D.G.), Barcelona, Spain; Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine (H.H.A.), Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; IMIM (Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute) (J.L.M., J.D.G., G.O.), Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fragilidad y Envejecimiento Saludable (CIBERFES) (J.L.M., G.O.); and Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Bioingeniería (J.D.G.), Biomateriales y Nanomedicina, Madrid, Spain
| | - Roderic Guigo
- Barcelonaβeta Brain Research Center (BBRC) (N.V.-T., J.M.G.-d-E., J.L.M., J.D.G., G.O.), Pasqual Maragall Foundation; Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG) (N.V.-T., R.G.), the Barcelona Institute for Science and Technology, Spain; Department of Clinical Genetics (N.V.-T., T.E.E., H.H.A.), Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Universitat Pompeu Fabra (N.V.-T., J.M.G.--E., J.L.M., R.G., J.D.G.), Barcelona, Spain; Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine (H.H.A.), Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; IMIM (Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute) (J.L.M., J.D.G., G.O.), Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fragilidad y Envejecimiento Saludable (CIBERFES) (J.L.M., G.O.); and Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Bioingeniería (J.D.G.), Biomateriales y Nanomedicina, Madrid, Spain
| | - Juan Domingo Gispert
- Barcelonaβeta Brain Research Center (BBRC) (N.V.-T., J.M.G.-d-E., J.L.M., J.D.G., G.O.), Pasqual Maragall Foundation; Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG) (N.V.-T., R.G.), the Barcelona Institute for Science and Technology, Spain; Department of Clinical Genetics (N.V.-T., T.E.E., H.H.A.), Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Universitat Pompeu Fabra (N.V.-T., J.M.G.--E., J.L.M., R.G., J.D.G.), Barcelona, Spain; Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine (H.H.A.), Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; IMIM (Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute) (J.L.M., J.D.G., G.O.), Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fragilidad y Envejecimiento Saludable (CIBERFES) (J.L.M., G.O.); and Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Bioingeniería (J.D.G.), Biomateriales y Nanomedicina, Madrid, Spain
| | - Grégory Operto
- Barcelonaβeta Brain Research Center (BBRC) (N.V.-T., J.M.G.-d-E., J.L.M., J.D.G., G.O.), Pasqual Maragall Foundation; Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG) (N.V.-T., R.G.), the Barcelona Institute for Science and Technology, Spain; Department of Clinical Genetics (N.V.-T., T.E.E., H.H.A.), Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Universitat Pompeu Fabra (N.V.-T., J.M.G.--E., J.L.M., R.G., J.D.G.), Barcelona, Spain; Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine (H.H.A.), Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; IMIM (Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute) (J.L.M., J.D.G., G.O.), Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fragilidad y Envejecimiento Saludable (CIBERFES) (J.L.M., G.O.); and Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Bioingeniería (J.D.G.), Biomateriales y Nanomedicina, Madrid, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Yang S, Lim KH, Kim SH, Joo JY. Molecular landscape of long noncoding RNAs in brain disorders. Mol Psychiatry 2021; 26:1060-1074. [PMID: 33173194 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-020-00947-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2020] [Revised: 09/28/2020] [Accepted: 10/27/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
According to current paradigms, various risk factors, such as genetic mutations, oxidative stress, neural network dysfunction, and abnormal protein degradation, contribute to the progression of brain disorders. Through the cooperation of gene transcripts in biological processes, the study of noncoding RNAs can lead to insights into the cause and treatment of brain disorders. Recently, long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) which are longer than 200 nucleotides in length have been suggested as key factors in various brain disorders. Accumulating evidence suggests the potential of lncRNAs as diagnostic or prognostic biomarkers and therapeutic targets. High-throughput screening-based sequencing has been instrumental in identification of lncRNAs that demand new approaches to understanding the progression of brain disorders. In this review, we discuss the recent progress in the study of lncRNAs, and addresses the pathogenesis of brain disorders that involve lncRNAs and describes the associations of lncRNAs with neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer disease (AD), Parkinson disease (PD), and neurodevelopmental disorders. We also discuss potential targets of lncRNAs and their promise as novel therapeutics and biomarkers in brain disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sumin Yang
- Neurodegenerative Disease Research Group, Korea Brain Research Institute, Daegu, 41062, Republic of Korea
| | - Key-Hwan Lim
- Neurodegenerative Disease Research Group, Korea Brain Research Institute, Daegu, 41062, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-Hyun Kim
- Neurodegenerative Disease Research Group, Korea Brain Research Institute, Daegu, 41062, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Yeol Joo
- Neurodegenerative Disease Research Group, Korea Brain Research Institute, Daegu, 41062, Republic of Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Sproviero D, Gagliardi S, Zucca S, Arigoni M, Giannini M, Garofalo M, Olivero M, Dell’Orco M, Pansarasa O, Bernuzzi S, Avenali M, Cotta Ramusino M, Diamanti L, Minafra B, Perini G, Zangaglia R, Costa A, Ceroni M, Perrone-Bizzozero NI, Calogero RA, Cereda C. Different miRNA Profiles in Plasma Derived Small and Large Extracellular Vesicles from Patients with Neurodegenerative Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22052737. [PMID: 33800495 PMCID: PMC7962970 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22052737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2021] [Revised: 03/01/2021] [Accepted: 03/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Identifying biomarkers is essential for early diagnosis of neurodegenerative diseases (NDs). Large (LEVs) and small extracellular vesicles (SEVs) are extracellular vesicles (EVs) of different sizes and biological functions transported in blood and they may be valid biomarkers for NDs. The aim of our study was to investigate common and different miRNA signatures in plasma derived LEVs and SEVs of Alzheimer’s disease (AD), Parkinson’s disease (PD), Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) and Fronto-Temporal Dementia (FTD) patients. LEVs and SEVs were isolated from plasma of patients and healthy volunteers (CTR) by filtration and differential centrifugation and RNA was extracted. Small RNAs libraries were carried out by Next Generation Sequencing (NGS). MiRNAs discriminate all NDs diseases from CTRs and they can provide a signature for each NDs. Common enriched pathways for SEVs were instead linked to ubiquitin mediated proteolysis and Toll-like receptor signaling pathways and for LEVs to neurotrophin signaling and Glycosphingolipid biosynthesis pathway. LEVs and SEVs are involved in different pathways and this might give a specificity to their role in the spreading of the disease. The study of common and different miRNAs transported by LEVs and SEVs can be of great interest for biomarker discovery and for pathogenesis studies in neurodegeneration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daisy Sproviero
- Genomic and post-Genomic Unit, IRCCS Mondino Foundation, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (D.S.); (S.G.); (S.Z.); (M.G.); (M.G.); (O.P.)
| | - Stella Gagliardi
- Genomic and post-Genomic Unit, IRCCS Mondino Foundation, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (D.S.); (S.G.); (S.Z.); (M.G.); (M.G.); (O.P.)
| | - Susanna Zucca
- Genomic and post-Genomic Unit, IRCCS Mondino Foundation, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (D.S.); (S.G.); (S.Z.); (M.G.); (M.G.); (O.P.)
- EnGenome SRL, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Maddalena Arigoni
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Bioinformatics and Genomics Unit, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy; (M.A.); (R.A.C.)
| | - Marta Giannini
- Genomic and post-Genomic Unit, IRCCS Mondino Foundation, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (D.S.); (S.G.); (S.Z.); (M.G.); (M.G.); (O.P.)
- Department of Brain and Behavioral Sciences, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy;
| | - Maria Garofalo
- Genomic and post-Genomic Unit, IRCCS Mondino Foundation, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (D.S.); (S.G.); (S.Z.); (M.G.); (M.G.); (O.P.)
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology (“L. Spallanzani”), University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Martina Olivero
- Department of Oncology, University of Turin, 10060 Turin, Italy;
| | - Michela Dell’Orco
- Departments of Neurosciences, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA;
| | - Orietta Pansarasa
- Genomic and post-Genomic Unit, IRCCS Mondino Foundation, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (D.S.); (S.G.); (S.Z.); (M.G.); (M.G.); (O.P.)
| | - Stefano Bernuzzi
- Immunohematological and Transfusional Service and Centre of Transplantation Immunology, IRCCS “San Matteo Foundation”, 27100 Pavia, Italy;
| | - Micol Avenali
- Neurorehabilitation Unit, IRCCS Mondino Foundation, 27100 Pavia, Italy;
| | - Matteo Cotta Ramusino
- Unit of Behavioral Neurology, IRCCS Mondino Foundation, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (M.C.R.); (G.P.); (M.C.)
| | - Luca Diamanti
- Neuro-Oncology Unit, IRCCS Mondino Foundation, 27100 Pavia, Italy;
| | - Brigida Minafra
- Parkinson Unit and Movement Disorders Mondino Foundation IRCCS, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (B.M.); (R.Z.)
| | - Giulia Perini
- Unit of Behavioral Neurology, IRCCS Mondino Foundation, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (M.C.R.); (G.P.); (M.C.)
| | - Roberta Zangaglia
- Parkinson Unit and Movement Disorders Mondino Foundation IRCCS, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (B.M.); (R.Z.)
| | - Alfredo Costa
- Department of Brain and Behavioral Sciences, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy;
- Unit of Behavioral Neurology, IRCCS Mondino Foundation, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (M.C.R.); (G.P.); (M.C.)
| | - Mauro Ceroni
- Department of Brain and Behavioral Sciences, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy;
- Unit of Behavioral Neurology, IRCCS Mondino Foundation, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (M.C.R.); (G.P.); (M.C.)
| | - Nora I. Perrone-Bizzozero
- Departments of Neurosciences and Psychiatry and Behavioral Health, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA;
| | - Raffaele A. Calogero
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Bioinformatics and Genomics Unit, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy; (M.A.); (R.A.C.)
| | - Cristina Cereda
- Genomic and post-Genomic Unit, IRCCS Mondino Foundation, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (D.S.); (S.G.); (S.Z.); (M.G.); (M.G.); (O.P.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-0382380348
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Puranik N, Yadav D, Chauhan PS, Kwak M, Jin JO. Exploring the Role of Gene Therapy for Neurological Disorders. Curr Gene Ther 2021; 21:11-22. [PMID: 32940177 DOI: 10.2174/1566523220999200917114101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2020] [Revised: 07/30/2020] [Accepted: 08/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Gene therapy is one of the frontier fields of medical breakthroughs that poses as an effective solution to previously incurable diseases. The delivery of the corrective genetic material or a therapeutic gene into the cell restores the missing gene function and cures a plethora of diseases, incurable by the conventional medical approaches. This discovery holds the potential to treat many neurodegenerative disorders such as muscular atrophy, multiple sclerosis, Parkinson's disease (PD) and Alzheimer's disease (AD), among others. Gene therapy proves as a humane, cost-effective alternative to the exhaustive often arduous and timely impossible process of finding matched donors and extensive surgery. It also overcomes the shortcoming of conventional methods to cross the blood-brain barrier. However, the use of gene therapy is only possible after procuring the in-depth knowledge of the immuno-pathogenesis and molecular mechanism of the disease. The process of gene therapy can be broadly categorized into three main steps: elucidating the target gene, culling the appropriate vector, and determining the best mode of transfer; each step mandating pervasive research. This review aims to dissertate and summarize the role, various vectors and methods of delivery employed in gene therapy with special emphasis on therapy directed at the central nervous system (CNS) associated with neurodegenerative diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nidhi Puranik
- Biological Science Department, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu-641046, India
| | - Dhananjay Yadav
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, South Korea
| | - Pallavi Singh Chauhan
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University, Gwalior, Madhya Pradesh 474005, India
| | - Minseok Kwak
- Department of Chemistry, Pukyong National University, Busan, South Korea
| | - Jun-O Jin
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, South Korea
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Garofalo M, Pandini C, Bordoni M, Pansarasa O, Rey F, Costa A, Minafra B, Diamanti L, Zucca S, Carelli S, Cereda C, Gagliardi S. Alzheimer's, Parkinson's Disease and Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis Gene Expression Patterns Divergence Reveals Different Grade of RNA Metabolism Involvement. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21249500. [PMID: 33327559 PMCID: PMC7765024 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21249500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2020] [Revised: 11/27/2020] [Accepted: 12/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD), Parkinson's disease (PD), and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) are neurodegenerative disorders characterized by a progressive degeneration of the central or peripheral nervous systems. A central role of the RNA metabolism has emerged in these diseases, concerning mRNAs processing and non-coding RNAs biogenesis. We aimed to identify possible common grounds or differences in the dysregulated pathways of AD, PD, and ALS. To do so, we performed RNA-seq analysis to investigate the deregulation of both coding and long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) in ALS, AD, and PD patients and controls (CTRL) in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). A total of 293 differentially expressed (DE) lncRNAs and 87 mRNAs were found in ALS patients. In AD patients a total of 23 DE genes emerged, 19 protein coding genes and four lncRNAs. Through Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) and Gene Ontology (GO) analyses, we found common affected pathways and biological processes in ALS and AD. In PD patients only five genes were found to be DE. Our data brought to light the importance of lncRNAs and mRNAs regulation in three principal neurodegenerative disorders, offering starting points for new investigations on deregulated pathogenic mechanisms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maria Garofalo
- Genomic and Post-Genomic Unit, IRCCS Mondino Foundation, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (M.G.); (C.P.); (O.P.); (S.Z.); (S.G.)
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology “L. Spallanzani”, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Cecilia Pandini
- Genomic and Post-Genomic Unit, IRCCS Mondino Foundation, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (M.G.); (C.P.); (O.P.); (S.Z.); (S.G.)
| | - Matteo Bordoni
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari (DiSFeB), Centro di Eccellenza sulle Malattie Neurodegenerative, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Balzaretti 9, 20133 Milano, Italy;
| | - Orietta Pansarasa
- Genomic and Post-Genomic Unit, IRCCS Mondino Foundation, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (M.G.); (C.P.); (O.P.); (S.Z.); (S.G.)
| | - Federica Rey
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences “Luigi Sacco”, University of Milan, Via G.B Grassi 74, 20157 Milan, Italy; (F.R.); (S.C.)
- Pediatric Clinical Research Center Fondazione “Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi”, University of Milano, Via G.B. Grassi 74, 20157 Milano, Italy
| | - Alfredo Costa
- Unit of Behavioral Neurology, IRCCS Mondino Foundation, 27100 Pavia, Italy;
- Department of Brain and Behavioral Sciences, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Brigida Minafra
- Parkinson Unit and Movement disorders Mondino Foundation IRCCS, 27100 Pavia, Italy;
| | - Luca Diamanti
- Neuro-Oncology Unit, IRCCS Mondino Foundation, 27100 Pavia, Italy;
| | - Susanna Zucca
- Genomic and Post-Genomic Unit, IRCCS Mondino Foundation, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (M.G.); (C.P.); (O.P.); (S.Z.); (S.G.)
- enGenomesrl, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Stephana Carelli
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences “Luigi Sacco”, University of Milan, Via G.B Grassi 74, 20157 Milan, Italy; (F.R.); (S.C.)
- Pediatric Clinical Research Center Fondazione “Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi”, University of Milano, Via G.B. Grassi 74, 20157 Milano, Italy
| | - Cristina Cereda
- Genomic and Post-Genomic Unit, IRCCS Mondino Foundation, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (M.G.); (C.P.); (O.P.); (S.Z.); (S.G.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Stella Gagliardi
- Genomic and Post-Genomic Unit, IRCCS Mondino Foundation, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (M.G.); (C.P.); (O.P.); (S.Z.); (S.G.)
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Sim TM, Tarini D, Dheen ST, Bay BH, Srinivasan DK. Nanoparticle-Based Technology Approaches to the Management of Neurological Disorders. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E6070. [PMID: 32842530 PMCID: PMC7503838 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21176070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2020] [Revised: 08/09/2020] [Accepted: 08/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurological disorders are the most devastating and challenging diseases associated with the central nervous system (CNS). The blood-brain barrier (BBB) maintains homeostasis of the brain and contributes towards the maintenance of a very delicate microenvironment, impairing the transport of many therapeutics into the CNS and making the management of common neurological disorders such as Alzheimer's disease (AD), Parkinson's disease (PD), cerebrovascular diseases (CVDs) and traumatic brain injury (TBI), exceptionally complicated. Nanoparticle (NP) technology offers a platform for the design of tissue-specific drug carrying systems owing to its versatile and modifiable nature. The prospect of being able to design NPs capable of successfully crossing the BBB, and maintaining a high drug bioavailability in neural parenchyma, has spurred much interest in the field of nanomedicine. NPs, which also come in an array of forms including polymeric NPs, solid lipid nanoparticles (SLNs), quantum dots and liposomes, have the flexibility of being conjugated with various macromolecules, such as surfactants to confer the physical or chemical property desired. These nanodelivery strategies represent potential novel and minimally invasive approaches to the treatment and diagnosis of these neurological disorders. Most of the strategies revolve around the ability of the NPs to cross the BBB via various influx mechanisms, such as adsorptive-mediated transcytosis (AMT) and receptor-mediated transcytosis (RMT), targeting specific biomarkers or lesions unique to that pathological condition, thereby ensuring high tissue-specific targeting and minimizing off-target side effects. In this article, insights into common neurological disorders and challenges of delivering CNS drugs due to the presence of BBB is provided, before an in-depth review of nanoparticle-based theranostic strategies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tao Ming Sim
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117597, Singapore;
| | - Dinesh Tarini
- Government Kilpauk Medical College, The Tamilnadu Dr MGR Medical University, Chennai, Tamilnadu 600032, India;
| | - S. Thameem Dheen
- Department of Anatomy, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117594, Singapore; (S.T.D.); (B.H.B.)
| | - Boon Huat Bay
- Department of Anatomy, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117594, Singapore; (S.T.D.); (B.H.B.)
| | - Dinesh Kumar Srinivasan
- Department of Anatomy, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117594, Singapore; (S.T.D.); (B.H.B.)
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
McNeill A. Editorial for Brain Sciences Special Issue: "Diagnosis of Neurogenetic Disorders: Contribution of Next-Generation Sequencing and Deep Phenotyping". Brain Sci 2019; 9:brainsci9030072. [PMID: 30917557 PMCID: PMC6468541 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci9030072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2019] [Accepted: 03/19/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In this Special Issue we bring together papers demonstrating the need for both detailed genomic and phenotypic studies to aid our scientific and clinical understanding of neurogenetic disorders [...].
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alisdair McNeill
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Sheffield, 385a Glossop Road, Sheffield S10 2HQ, UK.
| |
Collapse
|