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Eniyandunmo D, Shin M, Lee C, Anwar A, Kim E, Kim K, Kim YH, Lee C. Utilising raw psycho-physiological data and functional data analysis for estimating mental workload in human drivers. ERGONOMICS 2024:1-17. [PMID: 39037945 DOI: 10.1080/00140139.2024.2379949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2023] [Accepted: 07/08/2024] [Indexed: 07/24/2024]
Abstract
Recent studies have focused on accurately estimating mental workload using machine learning algorithms and extracting features from physiological measures. However, feature extraction leads to the loss of valuable information and often results in binary classifications that lack specificity in the identification of optimum mental workload. This study investigates the feasibility of using raw physiological data (EEG, facial EMG, ECG, EDA, pupillometry) combined with Functional Data Analysis (FDA) to estimate the mental workload of human drivers. A driving scenario with five tasks was employed, and subjective ratings were collected. Results demonstrate that the FDA applied nine different combinations of raw physiological signals achieving a maximum 90% accuracy, outperforming extracted features by 73%. This study shows that the mental workload of human drivers can be accurately estimated without utilising burdensome feature extraction. The approach proposed in this study offers promise for mental workload assessment in real-world applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Eniyandunmo
- Mechanical, Automotive, and Materials Engineering, University of Windsor, Windsor, ON, Canada
| | - MinJu Shin
- Mechanical, Automotive, and Materials Engineering, University of Windsor, Windsor, ON, Canada
- Department of Statistics, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Chaeyoung Lee
- Mechanical, Automotive, and Materials Engineering, University of Windsor, Windsor, ON, Canada
- Department of Statistics, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Alvee Anwar
- Mechanical, Automotive, and Materials Engineering, University of Windsor, Windsor, ON, Canada
| | - Eunsik Kim
- Mechanical, Automotive, and Materials Engineering, University of Windsor, Windsor, ON, Canada
| | - Kyongwon Kim
- Department of Statistics, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong Hoon Kim
- Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Windsor, Windsor, ON, Canada
| | - Chris Lee
- Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Windsor, Windsor, ON, Canada
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Zhu Y, Yue L, Zhang Q, Sun J. Modeling distracted driving behavior considering cognitive processes. ACCIDENT; ANALYSIS AND PREVENTION 2024; 202:107602. [PMID: 38701561 DOI: 10.1016/j.aap.2024.107602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Revised: 03/04/2024] [Accepted: 04/20/2024] [Indexed: 05/05/2024]
Abstract
The modeling of distracted driving behavior has been studied for many years, however, there remain many distraction phenomena that can not be fully modeled. This study proposes a new method that establishes the model using the queuing network model human processor (QN-MHP) framework. Unlike previous models that only consider distracted-driving-related human factors from a mathematical perspective, the proposed method reflects the information processing in the human brain, and simulates the distracted driver's cognitive processes based on a model structure supported by physiological and cognitive research evidence. Firstly, a cumulative activation effect model for external stimuli is adopted to mimic the phenomenon that a driver responds only to stimuli above a certain threshold. Then, dual-task queuing and switching mechanisms are modeled to reflect the cognitive resource allocation under distraction. Finally, the driver's action is modeled by the Intelligent Driver Model (IDM). The model is developed for visual distraction auditory distraction separately. 773 distracted car-following events from the Shanghai Naturalistic Driving Study data were used to calibrate and verify the model. Results show that the model parameters are more uniform and reasonable. Meanwhile, the model accuracy has improved by 57% and 66% compared to the two baseline models respectively. Moreover, the model demonstrates its ability to generate critical pre-crash scenarios and estimate the crash rate of distracted driving. The proposed model is expected to contribute to safety research regarding new vehicle technologies and traffic safety analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yixin Zhu
- Department of Transportation Engineering, Tongji University, Key Laboratory of Road and Traffic Engineering, Ministry of Education, No. 4800, Cao'an road, Shanghai 201804, China.
| | - Lishengsa Yue
- Department of Transportation Engineering, Tongji University, Key Laboratory of Road and Traffic Engineering, Ministry of Education, No. 4800, Cao'an road, Shanghai 201804, China.
| | - Qunli Zhang
- HUAWEI Technologies Co. LTD, 2012 Lab, Huawei Headquarters Office Building, Bantian Street, Longgang District, Shenzhen 518129, China.
| | - Jian Sun
- Department of Transportation Engineering, Tongji University, Key Laboratory of Road and Traffic Engineering, Ministry of Education, No. 4800, Cao'an road, Shanghai 201804, China.
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Kim YS, Shin H, Um S. The Subjective Experiences of Driving Cessation and Life Satisfaction. Behav Sci (Basel) 2023; 13:868. [PMID: 37887518 PMCID: PMC10604913 DOI: 10.3390/bs13100868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2023] [Revised: 10/14/2023] [Accepted: 10/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Compared to the driving group, the driving cessation group in this study was found to be a high-risk population in terms of their life satisfaction. This study evaluated data from 315 older adults, aged 55 or older, using the 2018 Korean Older Adults Driving and Mobility Service Trend Survey. These data were collected from 17 representative cities and provinces in South Korea. To minimize the potential for selection bias and the confounding factors inherent in observational studies, this study employed the propensity score matching (PSM) method. Following the matching, multivariate regression analyses were conducted to compare the driving cessation group (n = 65) with the driving group (n = 50) in terms of their life satisfaction. After adjusting for demographic and health-related variables, the older adults who had ceased driving were found to have lower life satisfaction (Coef. = -1.39, p-value = 0.018). Our results highlight the importance of establishing preliminary evidence to guide the development of tailored programs for older adults-especially for those likely to experience diminished life satisfaction and heightened risk-to address the mobility challenges stemming from driving cessation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young-Sun Kim
- Department of Gerontology, AgeTech-Service Convergence Major, Graduate School of East-West Medicine Science, Kyung Hee University, Yongin 17104, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeri Shin
- Department of Gerontology, AgeTech-Service Convergence Major, Graduate School of East-West Medicine Science, Kyung Hee University, Yongin 17104, Republic of Korea
| | - Sarang Um
- Department of Gerontology, AgeTech-Service Convergence Major, Graduate School of East-West Medicine Science, Kyung Hee University, Yongin 17104, Republic of Korea
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Xi J, Zhao Y, Li Z, Jiang Y, Feng W, Ding T. A Recognition Method of Truck Drivers' Braking Patterns Based on FCM-LDA2vec. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:15959. [PMID: 36498032 PMCID: PMC9740703 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph192315959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2022] [Revised: 11/14/2022] [Accepted: 11/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Taking truck drivers' braking patterns as the research objects, this study used a large amount of truck running data. A recognition method of truck drivers' braking patterns was proposed to determine the distribution of braking patterns during the operation of trucks. First, the segmented data of braking behaviors were collected in order to extract 25 characteristic parameters. Additionally, seven main correlation factors were obtained by dimensionality reduction. The FCM clustering algorithm and CH scores were used to identify nine categories of truck drivers' braking behaviors. Then the LDA2vec model was used to identify the distribution of different braking behavior words in braking patterns, and three categories of truck drivers' braking patterns were identified. The test results showed that the accuracy of the truck drivers' braking pattern recognition model based on LDA2vec was higher than 85%, and braking patterns of drivers in the daily operation process could be mined from vehicle operation data. Furthermore, through the monitoring and pre-warning of the braking patterns and targeted training of drivers, traffic accidents could be avoided. At the same time, this paper's results can be used to protect human life and health and reduce environmental pollution caused by traffic congestion or traffic accidents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianfeng Xi
- College of Transportation, Jilin University, Changchun 130022, China
| | - Yunhe Zhao
- College of Transportation, Jilin University, Changchun 130022, China
| | - Zhiqiang Li
- China Academy of Transportation Sciences, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Yizhou Jiang
- China Academy of Transportation Sciences, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Wenwen Feng
- China Academy of Transportation Sciences, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Tongqiang Ding
- College of Transportation, Jilin University, Changchun 130022, China
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Boboc RG, Voinea GD, Buzdugan ID, Antonya C. Talking on the Phone While Driving: A Literature Review on Driving Simulator Studies. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph191710554. [PMID: 36078267 PMCID: PMC9517811 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph191710554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2022] [Revised: 08/12/2022] [Accepted: 08/20/2022] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Distracted driving is a growing concern around the world and has been the focus of many naturalistic and simulator-based studies. Driving simulators provide excellent practical and theoretical help in studying the driving process, and considerable efforts have been made to prove their validity. This research aimed to review relevant simulator-based studies focused on investigating the effects of the talking-on-the-phone-while-driving distraction on drivers' behavior. This work is a scoping review which followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis Extension for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA-ScR) guidelines. The search was performed on five databases, covering twenty years of research results. It was focused on finding answers to three research questions that could offer an overview of the main sources of distraction, the research infrastructure, and the measures that were used to analyze and predict the effects of distractions. A number of 4332 studies were identified in the database search, from which 83 were included in the review. The main findings revealed that TPWD distraction negatively affects driving performance, exposing drivers to dangerous traffic situations. Moreover, there is a general understanding that the driver's cognitive, manual, visual, and auditory resources are all involved, to a certain degree, when executing a secondary task while driving.
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