1
|
Oikawa T, Hasegawa J, Handa H, Ohnishi N, Onodera Y, Hashimoto A, Sasaki J, Sasaki T, Ueda K, Sabe H. p53 ensures the normal behavior and modification of G1/S-specific histone H3.1 in the nucleus. Life Sci Alliance 2024; 7:e202402835. [PMID: 38906678 PMCID: PMC11192845 DOI: 10.26508/lsa.202402835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2024] [Revised: 06/05/2024] [Accepted: 06/06/2024] [Indexed: 06/23/2024] Open
Abstract
H3.1 histone is predominantly synthesized and enters the nucleus during the G1/S phase of the cell cycle, as a new component of duplicating nucleosomes. Here, we found that p53 is necessary to secure the normal behavior and modification of H3.1 in the nucleus during the G1/S phase, in which p53 increases C-terminal domain nuclear envelope phosphatase 1 (CTDNEP1) levels and decreases enhancer of zeste homolog 2 (EZH2) levels in the H3.1 interactome. In the absence of p53, H3.1 molecules tended to be tethered at or near the nuclear envelope (NE), where they were predominantly trimethylated at lysine 27 (H3K27me3) by EZH2, without forming nucleosomes. This accumulation was likely caused by the high affinity of H3.1 toward phosphatidic acid (PA). p53 reduced nuclear PA levels by increasing levels of CTDNEP1, which activates lipin to convert PA into diacylglycerol. We moreover found that the cytosolic H3 chaperone HSC70 attenuates the H3.1-PA interaction, and our molecular imaging analyses suggested that H3.1 may be anchored around the NE after their nuclear entry. Our results expand our knowledge of p53 function in regulation of the nuclear behavior of H3.1 during the G1/S phase, in which p53 may primarily target nuclear PA and EZH2.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tsukasa Oikawa
- https://ror.org/02e16g702 Department of Molecular Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Junya Hasegawa
- Department of Biochemical Pathophysiology/Lipid Biology, Medical Research Institute, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Bunkyo-ku, Japan
| | - Haruka Handa
- https://ror.org/02e16g702 Department of Molecular Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Naomi Ohnishi
- Cancer Proteomics Group, Cancer Precision Medicine Center, Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, Koto-ku, Japan
| | - Yasuhito Onodera
- https://ror.org/02e16g702 Department of Molecular Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
- https://ror.org/02e16g702 Global Center for Biomedical Science and Engineering, Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Ari Hashimoto
- https://ror.org/02e16g702 Department of Molecular Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Junko Sasaki
- Department of Biochemical Pathophysiology/Lipid Biology, Medical Research Institute, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Bunkyo-ku, Japan
| | - Takehiko Sasaki
- Department of Biochemical Pathophysiology/Lipid Biology, Medical Research Institute, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Bunkyo-ku, Japan
| | - Koji Ueda
- Cancer Proteomics Group, Cancer Precision Medicine Center, Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, Koto-ku, Japan
| | - Hisataka Sabe
- https://ror.org/02e16g702 Department of Molecular Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
- https://ror.org/02e16g702 Institute for Genetic Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Hu X, Chen G, Huang Y, Cheng Q, Zhuo J, Su R, He C, Wu Y, Liu Z, Yang B, Wang S, Meng L, Zheng S, Lu D, Wei Q, Yang J, Wei X, Chen R, Xu X. Integrated Multiomics Reveals Silencing of has_circ_0006646 Promotes TRIM21-Mediated NCL Ubiquitination to Inhibit Hepatocellular Carcinoma Metastasis. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024; 11:e2306915. [PMID: 38357830 PMCID: PMC11040345 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202306915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2023] [Revised: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024]
Abstract
Recent studies suggest that circular RNA (circRNA)-mediated post-translational modification of RNA-binding proteins (RBP) plays a pivotal role in metastasis of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). However, the specific mechanism and potential clinical therapeutic significance remain vague. This study attempts to profile the regulatory networks of circRNA and RBP using a multi-omics approach. Has_circ_0006646 (circ0006646) is an unreported circRNA in HCC and is associated with a poor prognosis. Silencing of circ0006646 significantly hinders metastasis in vivo. Mechanistically, circ0006646 prevents the interaction between nucleolin (NCL) and the E3 ligase tripartite motif-containing 21 to reduce the proteasome-mediated degradation of NCL via K48-linked polyubiquitylation. Furthermore, the change of NCL expression is proven to affect the phosphorylation levels of multiple proteins and inhibit p53 translation. Moreover, patient-derived tumor xenograft and lentivirus injection, which is conducted to simulate clinical treatment confirmed the potential therapeutic value. Overall, this study describes the integrated multi-omics landscape of circRNA-mediated NCL ubiquitination degradation in HCC metastasis and provides a novel therapeutic target.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xin Hu
- Zhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhou310058China
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Oncology and Intelligent Medicine of Zhejiang ProvinceHangzhou310006China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Combined Multi‐organ TransplantationHangzhou310003China
| | - Guanrong Chen
- The Fourth School of Clinical MedicineZhejiang Chinese Medical UniversityHangzhou310053China
| | - Yingchen Huang
- The Fourth School of Clinical MedicineZhejiang Chinese Medical UniversityHangzhou310053China
| | - Qiyang Cheng
- Department of Hepatobiliary SurgeryBeijing Chaoyang Hospital affiliated to Capital Medical UniversityBeijing100020China
| | - Jianyong Zhuo
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Oncology and Intelligent Medicine of Zhejiang ProvinceHangzhou310006China
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic SurgeryAffiliated Hangzhou First People's HospitalZhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhou310006China
| | - Renyi Su
- Zhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhou310058China
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Oncology and Intelligent Medicine of Zhejiang ProvinceHangzhou310006China
| | - Chiyu He
- Zhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhou310058China
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic SurgeryShulan (Hangzhou) HospitalHangzhou310022China
| | - Yichao Wu
- Zhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhou310058China
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Oncology and Intelligent Medicine of Zhejiang ProvinceHangzhou310006China
| | - Zhikun Liu
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Oncology and Intelligent Medicine of Zhejiang ProvinceHangzhou310006China
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic SurgeryAffiliated Hangzhou First People's HospitalZhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhou310006China
| | - Beng Yang
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic SurgeryThe First Affiliated HospitalZhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhou310006China
| | - Shuai Wang
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Oncology and Intelligent Medicine of Zhejiang ProvinceHangzhou310006China
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic SurgeryAffiliated Hangzhou First People's HospitalZhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhou310006China
| | - Lijun Meng
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Oncology and Intelligent Medicine of Zhejiang ProvinceHangzhou310006China
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic SurgeryAffiliated Hangzhou First People's HospitalZhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhou310006China
| | - Shusen Zheng
- NHC Key Laboratory of Combined Multi‐organ TransplantationHangzhou310003China
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic SurgeryShulan (Hangzhou) HospitalHangzhou310022China
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic SurgeryThe First Affiliated HospitalZhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhou310006China
| | - Di Lu
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Oncology and Intelligent Medicine of Zhejiang ProvinceHangzhou310006China
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic SurgeryAffiliated Hangzhou First People's HospitalZhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhou310006China
| | - Qiang Wei
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Oncology and Intelligent Medicine of Zhejiang ProvinceHangzhou310006China
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic SurgeryAffiliated Hangzhou First People's HospitalZhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhou310006China
| | - Jiayin Yang
- Department of Liver SurgeryLiver Transplantation CenterWest China Hospital of Sichuan UniversityChengdu332001China
| | - Xuyong Wei
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Oncology and Intelligent Medicine of Zhejiang ProvinceHangzhou310006China
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic SurgeryAffiliated Hangzhou First People's HospitalZhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhou310006China
| | - Ronggao Chen
- NHC Key Laboratory of Combined Multi‐organ TransplantationHangzhou310003China
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic SurgeryThe First Affiliated HospitalZhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhou310006China
| | - Xiao Xu
- Zhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhou310058China
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Oncology and Intelligent Medicine of Zhejiang ProvinceHangzhou310006China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Combined Multi‐organ TransplantationHangzhou310003China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Zhang J, Li C, Sun L, Sun D, Zhao T. P53‑microRNA interactions regulate the response of colorectal tumor cells to oxaliplatin under normoxic and hypoxic conditions. Oncol Rep 2023; 50:219. [PMID: 37921068 PMCID: PMC10636723 DOI: 10.3892/or.2023.8656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2022] [Accepted: 10/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Oxaliplatin (OXA)‑containing regimens are used as first‑line chemotherapy in colorectal cancer (CRC). However, OXA resistance remains a major challenge in CRC treatment. CRC cells that adapt to hypoxia can potentially develop OXA resistance, and the underlying molecular mechanisms still need to be further investigated. In the current study, the OXA drug sensitivity of two CRC cell lines, HCT116 (TP53WT) and HT29 (TP53MT), was compared under both normoxic and hypoxic conditions. It was found that under normoxic condition, HCT116 cells showed significantly higher OXA sensitivity than HT29 cells. However, both cell lines showed remarkable OXA resistance under hypoxic conditions. It was also revealed that P53 levels were increased after OXA and hypoxia treatment in HCT116 cells but not in HT29 cells. Notably, knocking down P53WT decreased normoxic but increased hypoxic OXA sensitivity in HCT116 cells, which did not exist in HT29 cells. Molecular analysis indicated that P53WT activated microRNA (miR)‑26a and miR‑34a in OXA treatment and activated miR‑23a in hypoxia treatment. Cell proliferation experiments indicated that a high level of miR‑23a decreased OXA sensitivity and that a high level of miR‑26a or miR‑34a increased OXA sensitivity in HCT116 cells. Additionally, it was demonstrated that miR‑26a, miR‑34a and miR‑23a affect cell apoptosis through regulation of MCL‑1, EZH2, BCL‑2, SMAD 4 and STAT3. Taken together, the present findings revealed the dual function of P53 in regulating cellular chemo‑sensitivity and highlighted the role of P53‑miR interactions in the response of CRC cells to OXA chemotherapy under normoxic and hypoxic conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jiayu Zhang
- Gastrointestinal Colorectal and Anal Surgery, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130033, P.R. China
| | - Chenguang Li
- Gastrointestinal Colorectal and Anal Surgery, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130033, P.R. China
| | - Luanbiao Sun
- Gastrointestinal Colorectal and Anal Surgery, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130033, P.R. China
| | - Denghua Sun
- Department of Breast Surgery, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130033, P.R. China
| | - Tiancheng Zhao
- Department of Endoscopy Center, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130033, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Jaber Y, Netanely Y, Naamneh R, Saar O, Zubeidat K, Saba Y, Georgiev O, Kles P, Barel O, Horev Y, Yosef O, Eli-Berchoer L, Nadler C, Betser-Cohen G, Shapiro H, Elinav E, Wilensky A, Hovav AH. Langerhans cells shape postnatal oral homeostasis in a mechanical-force-dependent but microbiota and IL17-independent manner. Nat Commun 2023; 14:5628. [PMID: 37699897 PMCID: PMC10497507 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-41409-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2023] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 09/14/2023] Open
Abstract
The postnatal interaction between microbiota and the immune system establishes lifelong homeostasis at mucosal epithelial barriers, however, the barrier-specific physiological activities that drive the equilibrium are hardly known. During weaning, the oral epithelium, which is monitored by Langerhans cells (LC), is challenged by the development of a microbial plaque and the initiation of masticatory forces capable of damaging the epithelium. Here we show that microbial colonization following birth facilitates the differentiation of oral LCs, setting the stage for the weaning period, in which adaptive immunity develops. Despite the presence of the challenging microbial plaque, LCs mainly respond to masticatory mechanical forces, inducing adaptive immunity, to maintain epithelial integrity that is also associated with naturally occurring alveolar bone loss. Mechanistically, masticatory forces induce the migration of LCs to the lymph nodes, and in return, LCs support the development of immunity to maintain epithelial integrity in a microbiota-independent manner. Unlike in adult life, this bone loss is IL-17-independent, suggesting that the establishment of oral mucosal homeostasis after birth and its maintenance in adult life involve distinct mechanisms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yasmin Jaber
- Institute of Biomedical and Oral Research, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Hebrew University, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Yasmine Netanely
- Institute of Biomedical and Oral Research, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Hebrew University, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Reem Naamneh
- Institute of Biomedical and Oral Research, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Hebrew University, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Or Saar
- Faculty of Dental Medicine, Hebrew University, Jerusalem, Israel; Department of Periodontology, Hadassah Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Khaled Zubeidat
- Institute of Biomedical and Oral Research, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Hebrew University, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Yasmin Saba
- Institute of Biomedical and Oral Research, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Hebrew University, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Olga Georgiev
- Institute of Biomedical and Oral Research, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Hebrew University, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Paz Kles
- Faculty of Dental Medicine, Hebrew University, Jerusalem, Israel; Department of Periodontology, Hadassah Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Or Barel
- Institute of Biomedical and Oral Research, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Hebrew University, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Yael Horev
- Faculty of Dental Medicine, Hebrew University, Jerusalem, Israel; Department of Periodontology, Hadassah Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Omri Yosef
- The Lautenberg Center for Immunology and Cancer Research, Israel-Canada Medical Research Institute, Faculty of Medicine, Hebrew University, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Luba Eli-Berchoer
- Institute of Biomedical and Oral Research, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Hebrew University, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Chen Nadler
- Faculty of Dental Medicine, Hebrew University, Jerusalem, Israel
- Department of Oral Medicine, Sedation & Maxillofacial Imaging, Hadassah Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Gili Betser-Cohen
- Division of Identification and Forensic Science, Police National HQ, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Hagit Shapiro
- System Immunology Department, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Eran Elinav
- System Immunology Department, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
- Microbe & Cancer Division, DKFZ, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Asaf Wilensky
- Faculty of Dental Medicine, Hebrew University, Jerusalem, Israel; Department of Periodontology, Hadassah Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Avi-Hai Hovav
- Institute of Biomedical and Oral Research, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Hebrew University, Jerusalem, Israel.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
NFκB-Mediated Expression of Phosphoinositide 3-Kinase δ Is Critical for Mesenchymal Transition in Retinal Pigment Epithelial Cells. Cells 2023; 12:cells12020207. [PMID: 36672142 PMCID: PMC9857235 DOI: 10.3390/cells12020207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Revised: 12/11/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Epithelial mesenchymal transition (EMT) plays a vital role in a variety of human diseases including proliferative vitreoretinopathy (PVR), in which retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cells play a key part. Transcriptomic analysis showed that the phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt signaling pathway was up-regulated in human RPE cells upon treatment with transforming growth factor (TGF)-β2, a multifunctional cytokine associated with clinical PVR. Stimulation of human RPE cells with TGF-β2 induced expression of p110δ (the catalytic subunit of PI3Kδ) and activation of NFκB/p65. CRISPR-Cas9-mediated depletion of p110δ or NFκB/p65 suppressed TGF-β2-induced fibronectin expression and activation of Akt as well as migration of these cells. Intriguingly, abrogating expression of NFκB/p65 also blocked TGF-β2-induced expression of p110δ, and luciferase reporter assay indicated that TGF-β2 induced NFκB/p65 binding to the promoter of the PIK3CD that encodes p110δ. These data reveal that NFκB/p65-mediated expression of PI3Kδ is essential in human RPE cells for TGF-β2-induced EMT, uncovering hindrance of TGF-β2-induced expression of p110δ as a novel approach to inhibit PVR.
Collapse
|
6
|
Zhu Y, Sun W, Jiang X, Bai R, Luo Y, Gao Y, Li S, Huang Z, Gong Y, Xie C. Differential effects of WRAP53 transcript variants on non-small cell lung cancer cell behaviors. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0281132. [PMID: 36706151 PMCID: PMC9882892 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0281132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2022] [Accepted: 01/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The WD40-encoding RNA antisense to p53 (WRAP53) is an antisense gene of TP53 with three transcriptional start sites producing three transcript variants involved in the progression of non-small cell lung cancer. However, the mechanism by which these different transcript variants regulate non-small cell lung cancer cell behaviors is to be elucidated. METHODS Two non-small cell lung cancer cell lines, A549 cells with wild-type p53 and H1975 with mutated p53, were transfected with WRAP53-1α and WRAP53-1β siRNA. The biological effects were assessed via colony formation, cell viability, apoptosis, cell cycle, wound healing and cell invasion assays, as well as immunoblotting. RESULTS Knockdown of WRAP53-1α increased the mRNA and protein levels of p53; suppressed colony formation and proliferation of A549 cells but promoted them in H1975 cells; increased the proportion of cells in the G0/G1 phase in A549 cells but decreased that in H1975 cells; and suppressed migration and invasion in A549 cells but not in H1975 cells. Conversely, knockdown of WRAP53-1β had no effect on p53 expression; promoted the growth of A549 cells but not of H1975 cells; decreased the proportion of cells in the G0/G1 phase in A549 cells but not in H1975 cells; and promoted migration and invasion in A549 cells but not in H1975 cells. Knockdown of both WRAP53-1α and WRAP53-1β promoted apoptosis in A549 cells but not in H1975 cells. CONCLUSIONS WRAP53 transcript variants exerted different functions in non-small cell lung cancer cells and regulated non-small cell lung cancer cell behaviors depending on the p53 expression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yan Zhu
- Department of Radiation and Medical Oncology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Yangtze University, Jingzhou, Hubei, China
| | - Wenjie Sun
- Department of Radiation and Medical Oncology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Xueping Jiang
- Department of Radiation and Medical Oncology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Rui Bai
- Department of Radiation and Medical Oncology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Yuan Luo
- Department of Radiation and Medical Oncology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Yanping Gao
- Department of Radiation and Medical Oncology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Shuying Li
- Department of Radiation and Medical Oncology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Zhengrong Huang
- Department of Radiation and Medical Oncology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- Department of Biological Repositories, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Yan Gong
- Department of Biological Repositories, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- * E-mail: (CX); (YG)
| | - Conghua Xie
- Department of Radiation and Medical Oncology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Tumour Biological Behaviors, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- Hubei Cancer Clinical Study Center, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- * E-mail: (CX); (YG)
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
A study of miRNAs as cornerstone in lung cancer pathogenesis and therapeutic resistance: A focus on signaling pathways interplay. Pathol Res Pract 2022; 237:154053. [DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2022.154053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2022] [Revised: 07/16/2022] [Accepted: 07/28/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
|
8
|
Barillari G, Bei R, Manzari V, Modesti A. Infection by High-Risk Human Papillomaviruses, Epithelial-to-Mesenchymal Transition and Squamous Pre-Malignant or Malignant Lesions of the Uterine Cervix: A Series of Chained Events? Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:13543. [PMID: 34948338 PMCID: PMC8703928 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222413543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2021] [Revised: 12/13/2021] [Accepted: 12/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Wound healing requires static epithelial cells to gradually assume a mobile phenotype through a multi-step process termed epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT). Although it is inherently transient and reversible, EMT perdures and is abnormally activated when the epithelium is chronically exposed to pathogens: this event deeply alters the tissue and eventually contributes to the development of diseases. Among the many of them is uterine cervical squamous cell carcinoma (SCC), the most frequent malignancy of the female genital system. SCC, whose onset is associated with the persistent infection of the uterine cervix by high-risk human papillomaviruses (HR-HPVs), often relapses and/or metastasizes, being resistant to conventional chemo- or radiotherapy. Given that these fearsome clinical features may stem, at least in part, from the exacerbated and long-lasting EMT occurring in the HPV-infected cervix; here we have reviewed published studies concerning the impact that HPV oncoproteins, cellular tumor suppressors, regulators of gene expression, inflammatory cytokines or growth factors, and the interactions among these effectors have on EMT induction and cervical carcinogenesis. It is predictable and desirable that a broader comprehension of the role that EMT inducers play in SCC pathogenesis will provide indications to flourish new strategies directed against this aggressive tumor.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni Barillari
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Translational Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 1 via Montellier, 00133 Rome, Italy; (R.B.); (V.M.); (A.M.)
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
9
|
Sibuh BZ, Khanna S, Taneja P, Sarkar P, Taneja NK. Molecular docking, synthesis and anticancer activity of thiosemicarbazone derivatives against MCF-7 human breast cancer cell line. Life Sci 2021; 273:119305. [PMID: 33675898 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2021.119305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2020] [Revised: 02/24/2021] [Accepted: 02/25/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim of this study was to synthesize and evaluate anticancer activity of 2-hydroxy benzaldehyde and 4-hydroxy benzaldehyde thiosemicarbazone (2-HBTSc and 4-HBTSc) against MCF-7 breast cancer cell line. MATERIALS AND METHODS The ligands were prepared and characterized by UV vis, IR and NMR. MTT assay was used to assess viability of cells. RNA isolation, extraction and cDNA synthesis were done. Then all groups were subjected to RT-qPCR using Gene expression specific primers. Also, western blot protein expression and molecular docking were done. Two-way ANOVA with Tukey post-hoc test was employed to test the significance using GraphPad Prism. RESULTS The IC50 values were 3.36μg/ml and 3.60μg/ml for 2-HBTSc and 4-HBTSc treated MCF-7 tumor cells respectively. Tumor cell growth inhibition ranged from 38 to 49.27% in 4-HBTSc treated cells, and 19 to 25% in 2-HBTSc treated cells with increase in doses 5 μg/ml to 20 μg/ml. The protein and gene expression result showed a significant upregulation in tumor suppressor and apoptosis inducing genes while, oncogene activity was significantly downregulated. Specifically, BRCA2 and pRB gene showed the highest expression in 4-HBTSc and 2-HBTSc treated cells respectively. Conversely, RAS oncogene was downregulated significantly. Docking result showed that both 2-HBTSc and 4-HBTSc have the potential to inhibit Estrogen Receptor Alpha Ligand Binding Domain, Human 17-Beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 mutant protein and Human Topoisomerase II alpha that are expressed more during Breast Cancer. CONCLUSION The findings of this study imply that the test compound has potential for further study.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Belay Zeleke Sibuh
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Engineering and Technology, Sharda University, Greater Noida, U. P., India
| | - Sonia Khanna
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, School of Basic Sciences and Research, Sharda University, Greater Noida, U. P., India
| | - Pankaj Taneja
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Engineering and Technology, Sharda University, Greater Noida, U. P., India.
| | - Paratpar Sarkar
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, School of Basic Sciences and Research, Sharda University, Greater Noida, U. P., India
| | | |
Collapse
|
10
|
Ju Z, Shao J, Zhou M, Jin J, Pan H, Ding P, Huang R. Transcriptomic and metabolomic profiling reveal the p53-dependent benzeneacetic acid attenuation of silica-induced epithelial-mesenchymal transition in human bronchial epithelial cells. Cell Biosci 2021; 11:30. [PMID: 33546743 PMCID: PMC7866764 DOI: 10.1186/s13578-021-00545-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2020] [Accepted: 01/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Silica exposure underlies the development of silicosis, one of the most serious occupational hazards worldwide. We aimed to explore the interaction of the silica-induced epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT)-related transcripts with the cellular metabolism regulated by p53. METHODS We knocked out p53 using CRISPR/Cas9 in the human bronchial epithelial (HBE) cell line. The transcriptomic and metabolomic analyses and integrative omics were conducted using microarrays, GC-MS, and MetaboAnalyst, respectively. RESULTS Fifty-two mRNAs showed significantly altered expression in the HBE p53-KO cells post-silica exposure. A total of 42 metabolites were putatively involved in p53-dependent silica-mediated HBE cell dysfunction. Through integrated data analysis, we obtained five significant p53-dependent metabolic pathways including phenylalanine, glyoxylate, dicarboxylate, and linoleic acid metabolism, and the citrate cycle. Through metabolite screening, we further identified that benzeneacetic acid, a key regulation metabolite in the phenylalanine metabolic pathway, attenuated the silica-induced EMT in HBE cells in a p53-dependent manner. Interestingly, despite the extensive p53-related published literature, the clinical translation of these studies remains unsubstantial. CONCLUSIONS Our study offers new insights into the molecular mechanisms by which epithelial cells respond to silica exposure and provide fresh perspective and direction for future clinical biomarker research and potential clinically sustainable and translatable role of p53.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhao Ju
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha, 410078, Hunan, China
| | - Jianlin Shao
- Zhejiang Provincial Center for Cardiovascular Disease Prevention and Control, Zhejiang Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Meiling Zhou
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha, 410078, Hunan, China
| | - Jing Jin
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha, 410078, Hunan, China
| | - Huiji Pan
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha, 410078, Hunan, China
| | - Ping Ding
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha, 410078, Hunan, China
| | - Ruixue Huang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha, 410078, Hunan, China.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Bian Z, Huang X, Chen Y, Meng J, Feng X, Zhang M, Zhang L, Zhou J, Liang C. Fifteen-MiRNA-Based Signature Is a Reliable Prognosis-Predicting Tool for Prostate Cancer Patients. Int J Med Sci 2021; 18:284-294. [PMID: 33390797 PMCID: PMC7738977 DOI: 10.7150/ijms.49412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2020] [Accepted: 11/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Recurrence is a major problem for prostate cancer patients, thus, identifying prognosis-related markers to evaluate clinical outcomes is essential. Here, we established a fifteen-miRNA-based recurrence-free survival (RFS) predicting signature based on the miRNA expression profile extracted from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database by the LASSO Cox regression analysis. The median risk score generated by the signature in both the TCGA training and the external Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center (MSKCC) validation cohorts was employed and the patients were subclassified into low- and high-risk subgroups. The Kaplan-Meier plot and log-rank analyses showed significant survival differences between low- and high-risk subgroups of patients (TCGA, log-rank P < 0.001 & MSKCC, log-rank P = 0.045). In addition, the receiver operating characteristic curves of both the training and external validation cohorts indicated the good performance of our model. After predicting the downstream genes of these miRNAs, the miRNA-mRNA network was visualized by Cytoscape software. In addition, pathway analyses found that the differences between two groups were mainly enriched on tumor progression and drug resistance-related pathways. Multivariate analyses revealed that the miRNA signature is an independent indicator of RFS prognosis for prostate cancer patients with or without clinicopathological features. In summary, our novel fifteen-miRNA-based prediction signature is a reliable method to evaluate the prognosis of prostate cancer patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zichen Bian
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University and Institute of Urology and Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Genitourinary Diseases, Anhui Medical University, Jixi Road 218th, Shushan District, Hefei, Anhui, 230022, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinbo Huang
- Guangdong and Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Male Reproductive Medicine and Genetics, Institute of Urology, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen-Peking University-the Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Medical Center, Shenzhen 518000, China
| | - Yiding Chen
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University and Institute of Urology and Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Genitourinary Diseases, Anhui Medical University, Jixi Road 218th, Shushan District, Hefei, Anhui, 230022, People's Republic of China
| | - Jialin Meng
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University and Institute of Urology and Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Genitourinary Diseases, Anhui Medical University, Jixi Road 218th, Shushan District, Hefei, Anhui, 230022, People's Republic of China
| | - Xingliang Feng
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University and Institute of Urology and Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Genitourinary Diseases, Anhui Medical University, Jixi Road 218th, Shushan District, Hefei, Anhui, 230022, People's Republic of China
| | - Meng Zhang
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University and Institute of Urology and Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Genitourinary Diseases, Anhui Medical University, Jixi Road 218th, Shushan District, Hefei, Anhui, 230022, People's Republic of China.,Institute of Urology of Shenzhen University, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen Luohu Hospital Group, Shenzhen 518000, People's Republic of China
| | - Li Zhang
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University and Institute of Urology and Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Genitourinary Diseases, Anhui Medical University, Jixi Road 218th, Shushan District, Hefei, Anhui, 230022, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun Zhou
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University and Institute of Urology and Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Genitourinary Diseases, Anhui Medical University, Jixi Road 218th, Shushan District, Hefei, Anhui, 230022, People's Republic of China
| | - Chaozhao Liang
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University and Institute of Urology and Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Genitourinary Diseases, Anhui Medical University, Jixi Road 218th, Shushan District, Hefei, Anhui, 230022, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Zheng X, Pan Y, Chen X, Xia S, Hu Y, Zhou Y, Zhang J. Inactivation of homeodomain-interacting protein kinase 2 promotes oral squamous cell carcinoma metastasis through inhibition of P53-dependent E-cadherin expression. Cancer Sci 2020; 112:117-132. [PMID: 33063904 PMCID: PMC7780018 DOI: 10.1111/cas.14691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2020] [Revised: 10/05/2020] [Accepted: 10/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Homeodomain-interacting protein kinase 2 (HIPK2), a well-known tumor suppressor, shows contradictory expression patterns in different cancers. This study was undertaken to clarify HIPK2 expression in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) and to reveal the potential mechanism of HIPK2 involvement in OSCC metastasis. Two hundred and four OSCC tissues, together with paired adjacent normal epithelia, dysplastic epithelia, and lymph node metastasis specimens, were collected to profile HIPK2 expression by immunohistochemical staining. High throughput RNA-sequencing was used to detect the dysregulated signaling pathways in HIPK2-deficient OSCC cells. Transwell assay and lymphatic metastatic orthotopic mouse model assay were undertaken to identify the effect of HIPK2 on tumor invasion. Western blotting and luciferase reporter assay were used to examine the HIPK2/P53/E-cadherin axis in OSCC. Nuclear delocalization of HIPK2 was observed during oral epithelial cancerization progression and was associated with cervical lymph node metastasis and poor outcome. Depletion of HIPK2 promoted tumor cell invasion in vitro and facilitated cervical lymph node metastasis in vivo. According to mRNA-sequencing, pathways closely related to tumor invasion were notably activated. Homeodomain-interacting protein kinase 2 was found to trigger E-cadherin expression by mediating P53, which directly targets the CDH1 (coding E-cadherin) promoter. Restoring P53 expression rescued the E-cadherin suppression induced by HIPK2 deficiency, whereas rescued cytoplasmic HIPK2 expression had no influence on the expression of E-cadherin and cell mobility. Together, nuclear delocalization of HIPK2 might serve as a valuable negative biomarker for poor prognosis of OSCC and lymph node metastasis. The depletion of HIPK2 expression promoted OSCC metastasis by suppressing the P53/E-cadherin axis, which might be a promising target for anticancer therapies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xueqing Zheng
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei_MOST) and Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Oral Histopathology Department, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yuemei Pan
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei_MOST) and Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Oral Histopathology Department, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Stomatological Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xinming Chen
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei_MOST) and Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Oral Histopathology Department, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Shu Xia
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei_MOST) and Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Oral Histopathology Department, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yaying Hu
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei_MOST) and Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Oral Histopathology Department, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yi Zhou
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei_MOST) and Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Jiali Zhang
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei_MOST) and Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Oral Histopathology Department, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
ZCCHC10 suppresses lung cancer progression and cisplatin resistance by attenuating MDM2-mediated p53 ubiquitination and degradation. Cell Death Dis 2019; 10:414. [PMID: 31138778 PMCID: PMC6538723 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-019-1635-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2019] [Revised: 05/04/2019] [Accepted: 05/13/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The activation of p53 tumor suppressor is essential for preventing abnormal cell proliferation and carcinogenesis. ZCCHC10 was previously identified as a potential p53-interacting partner in a yeast two-hybrid screen, but the interaction in cells and its subsequent influence on p53 activity and cancer development have not been investigated. In this paper, we demonstrate that ZCCHC10 expression levels are statistically lower in lung adenocarcinoma tissues than the corresponding adjacent noncancerous tissues, and decreased expression of ZCCHC10 mRNA predicts poorer survival of the patients. Ectopic expression of ZCCHC10 in lung cancer cells harboring wild-type p53 dramatically suppresses cell proliferation, colony formation, migration, invasion and cisplatin resistance in vitro, as well as tumor growth and metastasis in vivo. Conversely, knockdown of ZCCHC10 exerts opposite effects in the normal lung cell Beas-2b. However, ZCCHC10 has no influence on the biological behaviors of p53-null (H358) or p53-mutant (H1437) lung cancer cells. Mechanistically, ZCCHC10 binds and stabilizes p53 by disrupting the interaction between p53 and MDM2. The p53 inhibitor pifithrin-α attenuated the influences of ZCCHC10 overexpression on p53 pathway, cell cycle, apoptosis, and epithelial-mesenchymal transition, whereas the p53 activator Nutlin3 could reverse the effects of ZCCHC10 knockdown. Collectively, our results indicate that ZCCHC10 exerts its tumor-suppressive effects by stabilizing the p53 protein and can be used a potential prognostic marker and therapeutic target in lung adenocarcinoma.
Collapse
|
14
|
Abstract
This special issue on p53 explores different aspects of the significance of p53 in normal cells and in cancer [...].
Collapse
|
15
|
Handa H, Hashimoto A, Hashimoto S, Sugino H, Oikawa T, Sabe H. Epithelial-specific histone modification of the miR-96/182 locus targeting AMAP1 mRNA predisposes p53 to suppress cell invasion in epithelial cells. Cell Commun Signal 2018; 16:94. [PMID: 30509302 PMCID: PMC6278066 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-018-0302-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2018] [Accepted: 11/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background TP53 mutations in cancer cells often evoke cell invasiveness, whereas fibroblasts show invasiveness in the presence of intact TP53. AMAP1 (also called DDEF1 or ASAP1) is a downstream effector of ARF6 and is essential for the ARF6-driven cell-invasive phenotype. We found that AMAP1 levels are under the control of p53 (TP53 gene product) in epithelial cells but not in fibroblasts, and here addressed that molecular basis of the epithelial-specific function of p53 in suppressing invasiveness via targeting AMAP1. Methods Using MDA-MB-231 cells expressing wild-type and p53 mutants, we identified miRNAs in which their expression is controlled by normal-p53. Among them, we identified miRNAs that target AMAP1 mRNA, and analyzed their expression levels and epigenetic statuses in epithelial cells and nonepithelial cells. Results We found that normal-p53 suppresses AMAP1 mRNA in cancer cells and normal epithelial cells, and that more than 30 miRNAs are induced by normal-p53. Among them, miR-96 and miR-182 were found to target the 3′-untranslated region of AMAP1 mRNA. Fibroblasts did not express these miRNAs at detectable levels. The ENCODE dataset demonstrated that the promoter region of the miR-183-96-182 cistron is enriched with H3K27 acetylation in epithelial cells, whereas this locus is enriched with H3K27 trimethylation in fibroblasts and other non-epithelial cells. miRNAs, such as miR-423, which are under the control of p53 but not associated with AMAP1 mRNA, demonstrated similar histone modifications at their gene loci in epithelial cells and fibroblasts, and were expressed in these cells. Conclusion Histone modifications of certain miRNA loci, such as the miR-183-96-182 cistron, are different between epithelial cells and non-epithelial cells. Such epithelial-specific miRNA regulation appears to provide the molecular basis for the epithelial-specific function of p53 in suppressing ARF6-driven invasiveness. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12964-018-0302-6) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Haruka Handa
- Department of Molecular Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, North 15, West 7, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 060-8638, Japan
| | - Ari Hashimoto
- Department of Molecular Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, North 15, West 7, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 060-8638, Japan
| | - Shigeru Hashimoto
- Department of Molecular Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, North 15, West 7, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 060-8638, Japan
| | - Hirokazu Sugino
- Department of Molecular Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, North 15, West 7, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 060-8638, Japan
| | - Tsukasa Oikawa
- Department of Molecular Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, North 15, West 7, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 060-8638, Japan
| | - Hisataka Sabe
- Department of Molecular Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, North 15, West 7, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 060-8638, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|