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Yaman S, Başci S, Bozan E, Seçilmiş S, Candir BA, Yiğenoğlu TN, Çakar MK, Dal MS, Altuntaş F. Early Tapering of Cyclosporine Is Feasible in Haploidentical Stem Cell Transplantation: A Single Center Experience. Clin Transplant 2024; 38:e15376. [PMID: 39031699 DOI: 10.1111/ctr.15376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2023] [Revised: 04/28/2024] [Accepted: 05/30/2024] [Indexed: 07/22/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Cyclosporine-A (CsA) and post transplantation cyclophosphamide (PTCy) are common agents used for graft versus host disease (GVHD) prophylaxis in Haploidentical hematopoietic cell transplantation (haplo-HCT). However, the impact of CsA cessation timing in the posttransplant setting on clinical outcomes is uncertain. We aimed to investigate the impact of a novel approach that integrated early CsA cessation with PTCy utilization. PATIENTS AND METHODS This study was a single arm retrospective study carried out at a tertiary referral hospital hematology and bone marrow transplantation center between 2009 and 2022. The patients who received haplo-HCT with ATG, PTCy and CsA as GVHD prophylaxis were included. CsA was planned for cessation starting at day 45 to day 60. Acute and chronic GVHD were evaluated and graded. CsA blood concentrations and its impact on acute and chronic GVHD was evaluated. RESULTS Thirty-one patients composed of 19 (61.3%) male and 12 (38.7%) female patients with a median age of 31 years (20-58). Busulfan and TBI based conditioning regimens were the most utilized regimens. The majority of donors were first degree relatives. Stem cell origin was peripheral blood for all patients. GVHD prophylaxis consisted of ATG, CsA and PTCy. Acute GVHD was observed in 9 (29%) cases, whereas chronic GVHD was seen in 3 (9.7%) cases, with 2 of them having overlapping GVHD. Age, gender, number of chemotherapy lines, transplant characteristics, infused CD34 cell count, and engraftment durations were similar among patients with and without GVHD. Patients with GVHD had similar 1st, 2nd, 3rd and 4th week CsA concentrations compared to patients without GVHD (p > 0.05). The presence of GVHD was not associated with worse progression free survival and overall survival (p = 0.6, p = 0.5, respectively). CMV reactivation was more common in the GVHD group. CONCLUSION In the current study, we did not find an impact of CsA concentration on GVHD and post-transplant outcomes in Haplo-HCT setting. Therefore, together with the use of PTCy, early CsA cessation can be an option; further studies are needed to understand all aspects of this approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samet Yaman
- Ankara Oncology Training and Research Hospital, Hematology and Bone Marrow Transplantation Unit, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Semih Başci
- Ankara Oncology Training and Research Hospital, Hematology and Bone Marrow Transplantation Unit, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Ersin Bozan
- Ankara Oncology Training and Research Hospital, Hematology and Bone Marrow Transplantation Unit, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Sema Seçilmiş
- Ankara Oncology Training and Research Hospital, Hematology and Bone Marrow Transplantation Unit, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Burcu Aslan Candir
- Ankara Oncology Training and Research Hospital, Hematology and Bone Marrow Transplantation Unit, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Tuğçe Nur Yiğenoğlu
- Ankara Oncology Training and Research Hospital, Hematology and Bone Marrow Transplantation Unit, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Merih Kızıl Çakar
- Ankara Oncology Training and Research Hospital, Hematology and Bone Marrow Transplantation Unit, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Sinan Dal
- Ankara Oncology Training and Research Hospital, Hematology and Bone Marrow Transplantation Unit, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Fevzi Altuntaş
- Ankara Oncology Training and Research Hospital, Hematology and Bone Marrow Transplantation Unit, Ankara, Turkey
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Munshi PN, McCurdy SR. Age barriers in allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation: Raising the silver curtain. Am J Hematol 2024; 99:922-937. [PMID: 38414188 DOI: 10.1002/ajh.27228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2023] [Revised: 12/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/01/2024] [Indexed: 02/29/2024]
Abstract
Allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT) is no longer exclusively for the young. With an aging population, development of non-intensive remission-inducing strategies for hematologic malignancies, and novel graft-versus-host disease-prevention platforms, an older population of patients is pursuing HCT. The evolving population of HCT recipients requires an overhaul in the way we risk-stratify and optimize patients prior to HCT. Here, we review the history and current state of HCT for older adults and propose an assessment and intervention flow to bridge the gaps in today's clinical guidelines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pashna N Munshi
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Shannon R McCurdy
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
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Karpen R, Sen J, Wall S, Musson S, Tossey J. Evaluation of palonosetron, fosaprepitant, and olanzapine as antiemetic prophylaxis for fludarabine and melphalan-based conditioning regimens prior to allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplants. Leuk Res 2024; 136:107431. [PMID: 38043326 DOI: 10.1016/j.leukres.2023.107431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2023] [Revised: 11/15/2023] [Accepted: 11/24/2023] [Indexed: 12/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Limited data are available regarding efficacious antiemetic regimens to prevent chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting (CINV) for patients undergoing allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplant (HSCT). In patients aged 60 years or older, allogeneic HSCT is associated with improved survival, but tolerability of the transplant is a significant barrier. Fludarabine and melphalan (Flu-Mel) is a frequently utilized multi-day reduced intensity conditioning regimen for allogeneic HSCT. However, the optimal CINV prevention regimen is unknown. OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of a novel CINV prophylaxis regimen prior to allogeneic HSCT with Flu-Mel compared to a historical control group. STUDY DESIGN This was a retrospective, single-center, cohort review of 123 patients who received a Flu-Mel preparative regimen prior to allogeneic HSCT from January 1, 2019, to September 30, 2022. Fifty-nine patients received high dose ondansetron (HDO) for CINV prevention, while sixty-four patients received a combination of palonosetron, fosaprepitant, and olanzapine (PFO). The primary outcome was average number of rescue antiemetic doses administered per day. A key secondary outcome was time to first rescue antiemetic. RESULTS The median number of antiemetic doses used per day was significantly lower in patients who received PFO compared to HDO (1.94 doses [0.31-3.60] vs 3.31 doses [1.61-4.92]; p = 0.002). In addition, use of PFO significantly prolonged the median time to first rescue antiemetic compared to HDO (41.3 h [24.3-122.7] vs 26.2 h [14.7-48.1]; p = 0.016). CONCLUSION The combination of palonosetron, fosaprepitant, and olanzapine is an effective antiemetic regimen for patients receiving a Flu-Mel-based preparative regimen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riley Karpen
- Department of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center - James Cancer Hospital and Solove Research Institute, 460 West 10th Avenue, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Jeremy Sen
- Department of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center - James Cancer Hospital and Solove Research Institute, 460 West 10th Avenue, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Sarah Wall
- Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center - James Cancer Hospital and Solove Research Institute, 460 West 10th Avenue, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Samantha Musson
- Department of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center - James Cancer Hospital and Solove Research Institute, 460 West 10th Avenue, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Justin Tossey
- Department of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center - James Cancer Hospital and Solove Research Institute, 460 West 10th Avenue, Columbus, OH, USA.
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4
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Jin X, Xie D, Sun R, Lu W, Xiao X, Yu Y, Meng J, Zhao M. CAR-T cells dual-target CD123 and NKG2DLs to eradicate AML cells and selectively target immunosuppressive cells. Oncoimmunology 2023; 12:2248826. [PMID: 37645216 PMCID: PMC10461507 DOI: 10.1080/2162402x.2023.2248826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2023] [Revised: 08/12/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-T cells have not made significant progress in the treatment of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) in earlyclinical studies. This lack of progress could be attributed in part to the immunosuppressive microenvironment of AML, such as monocyte-like myeloid-derived suppressor cells (M-MDSCs) and alternatively activated macrophages (M2 cells), which can inhibit the antitumor activity of CAR-T cells. Furthermore, AML cells are usually heterogeneous, and single-target CAR-T cells may not be able to eliminate all AML cells, leading to disease relapse. CD123 and NKG2D ligands (NKG2DLs) are commonly used targets for CAR-T therapy of AML, and M-MDSCs and M2 cells express both antigens. We developed dual-targeted CAR-T (123NL CAR-T) cells targeting CD123 and NKG2DL by various structural optimization screens. Our study reveals that 123NL CAR-T cells eradicate AML cells and selectively target immunosuppressive cells. A highly compact marker/suicide gene, RQR8, which binds targeting epitopes of CD34 and CD20 antigens, was also incorporated in front of the CAR structure. The binding of Rituximab to RQR8 leads to the elimination of 123NL CAR-T cells and cessation of their cytotoxicity. In conclusion, we successfully developed dual effects of 123NL CAR-T cells against tumor cells and immunosuppressive cells, which can avoid target escape and resist the effects of immunosuppressive microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Jin
- School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
- Liangzhu Laboratory, Zhejiang University Medical Center, Hangzhou, China
- Department of Hematology, Tianjin First Central Hospital, School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Danni Xie
- First Central Clinical College, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Rui Sun
- School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Wenyi Lu
- Department of Hematology, Tianjin First Central Hospital, School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Xia Xiao
- Department of Hematology, Tianjin First Central Hospital, School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Yibing Yu
- First Central Clinical College, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Juanxia Meng
- Department of Hematology, Tianjin First Central Hospital, School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Mingfeng Zhao
- Department of Hematology, Tianjin First Central Hospital, School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
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Walter RB, Sandmaier BM, Othus M, Orvain C, Rodríguez-Arbolí E, Oshima MU, Schoch G, Davis C, Joachim Deeg H, Storb R. Comparison of reduced intensity and nonmyeloablative conditioning for adults with acute myeloid leukemia undergoing allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation in first or second remission. Bone Marrow Transplant 2023; 58:377-385. [PMID: 36577856 PMCID: PMC10170527 DOI: 10.1038/s41409-022-01909-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2022] [Revised: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Reduced intensity conditioning (RIC) and nonmyeloablative (NMA) conditioning regimens have expanded use of allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT) in AML to include older and medically less-fit patients, but relative efficacies and toxicities remain poorly defined. Here, we analyzed outcomes from 343 adults transplanted in remission after RIC (n = 137) or NMA (n = 206) conditioning between 2006 and 2021. The characteristics of RIC and NMA HCT patients were similar except that RIC patients were younger and their time between most recent remission achievement and allografting was shorter. There were no significant differences in relapse risk, relapse-free survival (RFS), overall survival (OS), and non-relapse mortality (NRM) between RIC and NMA HCT patients, both overall (relapse: hazard ratio [HR] = 0.80, P = 0.27; RFS: HR = 0.93, P = 0.61; OS: HR = 0.93, P = 0.66; NRM: HR = 1.13, P = 0.59) and when patients were stratified by pre-HCT measurable residual disease (MRD) status. After multivariable adjustment, there was no statistically significant association between conditioning intensity and relapse (HR = 0.69, P = 0.088), RFS (HR = 0.86, P = 0.37), OS (HR = 0.89, P = 0.49), or NRM (HR = 1.37, P = 0.19). In this non-randomized cohort of adults undergoing allografting for AML in first or second remission at our center, we could not detect statistically significant differences in outcomes between those assigned to RIC and those assigned to NMA conditioning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roland B Walter
- Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA, USA.
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
- Department of Laboratory Medicine & Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
| | - Brenda M Sandmaier
- Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Division of Medical Oncology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Megan Othus
- Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Corentin Orvain
- Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | | | - Masumi U Oshima
- Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Division of Medical Oncology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Gary Schoch
- Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Chris Davis
- Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - H Joachim Deeg
- Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Division of Medical Oncology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Rainer Storb
- Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Division of Medical Oncology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
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Lew MV, Ren Y, Lowder YP, Siamakpour-Reihani S, Ramalingam S, Romero KM, Thompson JC, Bohannon LM, McIntyre J, Tang H, Van Opstal J, Johnson E, Cohen HJ, Bartlett DB, Pastva AM, Morey M, Hall KS, Smith P, Peters KB, Somers TJ, Kelleher S, Smith SK, Wischmeyer PE, Lin PH, Wood WA, Thorpe G, Minor K, Wiggins K, Hennig T, Helms T, Welch R, Matthews B, Liu J, Burleson J, Aberant T, Engemann AK, Henshall B, Darby M, Proch C, Dellascio M, Pittman A, Suminguit J, Choi T, Gasparetto C, Long GD, Lopez RD, Sarantopoulos S, Horwitz ME, Chao NJ, Sung AD. Geriatric Assessment Reveals Actionable Impairments in Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation Candidates Age 18 to 80 Years. Transplant Cell Ther 2022; 28:498.e1-498.e9. [PMID: 35595226 PMCID: PMC10042624 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtct.2022.05.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2022] [Revised: 05/10/2022] [Accepted: 05/11/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HCT) is a potentially curative treatment for both malignant and nonmalignant hematologic diseases; however, reported rates of treatment-related mortality approach 30%. Outcomes are worse in patients who begin HCT with functional impairments. To detect such impairments, a geriatric assessment (GA) is recommended in adults age ≥65 years. Younger HCT candidates also may be impaired because of chemotherapy regimens pre-HCT. Therefore, we hypothesized that GA can be beneficial for adult patients of all ages and subsequently created a clinical pretransplantation optimization program to assess all HCT candidates using a modified GA. One-hundred fifty-seven patients were evaluated in 4 functional domains- physical, cognitive, nutritional, and psychological-at 2 time points prior to HCT-new patient evaluation (NPE) and sign-off (SO)-between October 2017 and January 2020. At NPE, 80.9% of the patients had at least 1 domain with a functional impairment, and physical (P = .006), cognitive (P = .04), and psychological (P = .04) impairments were associated with an increased likelihood of not proceeding to HCT. In addition, patients age 18 to 39 years were more likely than older patients to have a physical function impairment (P = .001). Between NPE and SO, 51.9% of the patients had resolution of 1 or more impairments, and nutritional impairment at SO was predictive of worse overall survival (P = .01). Our study shows that GA can identify functional impairments in patients of all ages. Early identification of impairments could facilitate referrals to supportive care and resolution of impairments prior to HCT, suggesting that GA could be recommended for HCT candidates of all ages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meagan V Lew
- Division of Hematologic Malignancies and Cellular Therapy, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Yi Ren
- Duke Cancer Institute Biostatistics Shared Resources, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Yen P Lowder
- Division of Hematologic Malignancies and Cellular Therapy, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Sharareh Siamakpour-Reihani
- Division of Hematologic Malignancies and Cellular Therapy, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Sendhilnathan Ramalingam
- Division of Hematologic Malignancies and Cellular Therapy, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
| | | | - Jillian C Thompson
- Division of Hematologic Malignancies and Cellular Therapy, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Lauren M Bohannon
- Division of Hematologic Malignancies and Cellular Therapy, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Jackie McIntyre
- Division of Hematologic Malignancies and Cellular Therapy, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Helen Tang
- Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Jolien Van Opstal
- Division of Hematologic Malignancies and Cellular Therapy, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina; Faculty of Medicine, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Ernaya Johnson
- Division of Hematologic Malignancies and Cellular Therapy, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Harvey Jay Cohen
- Claude D. Pepper Older Americans Independence Center, Center for the Study of Aging and Human Development, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
| | - David B Bartlett
- Claude D. Pepper Older Americans Independence Center, Center for the Study of Aging and Human Development, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina; School of Biosciences and Medicine, University of Surrey, Surrey, United Kingdom
| | - Amy M Pastva
- Claude D. Pepper Older Americans Independence Center, Center for the Study of Aging and Human Development, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina; Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Division of Physical Therapy, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Miriam Morey
- Claude D. Pepper Older Americans Independence Center, Center for the Study of Aging and Human Development, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina; Geriatric Research, Education and Clinical Center, Durham VA Healthcare System, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Katherine S Hall
- Claude D. Pepper Older Americans Independence Center, Center for the Study of Aging and Human Development, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina; Geriatric Research, Education and Clinical Center, Durham VA Healthcare System, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Patrick Smith
- Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Katherine B Peters
- Departments of Neurology and Neurosurgery, The Preston Robert Tisch Brain Tumor Center, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Tamara J Somers
- Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Sarah Kelleher
- Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Sophia K Smith
- School of Nursing, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Paul E Wischmeyer
- Department of Anesthesiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Pao-Hwa Lin
- Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina
| | - William A Wood
- Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Glynnis Thorpe
- Division of Hematologic Malignancies and Cellular Therapy, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Kerry Minor
- Division of Hematologic Malignancies and Cellular Therapy, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Kristi Wiggins
- Division of Hematologic Malignancies and Cellular Therapy, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Therese Hennig
- Division of Hematologic Malignancies and Cellular Therapy, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Tanya Helms
- Division of Hematologic Malignancies and Cellular Therapy, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Renee Welch
- Division of Hematologic Malignancies and Cellular Therapy, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Brittany Matthews
- Division of Hematologic Malignancies and Cellular Therapy, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
| | - JoAnn Liu
- Division of Hematologic Malignancies and Cellular Therapy, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Jill Burleson
- Division of Hematologic Malignancies and Cellular Therapy, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Thomas Aberant
- Division of Hematologic Malignancies and Cellular Therapy, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Ashley K Engemann
- Division of Hematologic Malignancies and Cellular Therapy, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Bethany Henshall
- Division of Hematologic Malignancies and Cellular Therapy, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Maurisa Darby
- Division of Hematologic Malignancies and Cellular Therapy, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Christina Proch
- Division of Hematologic Malignancies and Cellular Therapy, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Michelle Dellascio
- Duke Health Department of Physical Therapy and Occupational Therapy, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Alyssa Pittman
- Duke Health Department of Physical Therapy and Occupational Therapy, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Jacob Suminguit
- University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Taewoong Choi
- Division of Hematologic Malignancies and Cellular Therapy, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Cristina Gasparetto
- Division of Hematologic Malignancies and Cellular Therapy, Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Gwynn D Long
- Division of Hematologic Malignancies and Cellular Therapy, Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Richard D Lopez
- Division of Hematologic Malignancies and Cellular Therapy, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Stefanie Sarantopoulos
- Division of Hematologic Malignancies and Cellular Therapy, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Mitchell E Horwitz
- Division of Hematologic Malignancies and Cellular Therapy, Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Nelson J Chao
- Division of Hematologic Malignancies and Cellular Therapy, Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Anthony D Sung
- Division of Hematologic Malignancies and Cellular Therapy, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina; Claude D. Pepper Older Americans Independence Center, Center for the Study of Aging and Human Development, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina.
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Ustun C, Warlick E, Nathan S, Burns LJ, Weisdorf D. Transplantation provides superior survival high risk myeloid malignancies in older patients. Leuk Lymphoma 2022; 63:2494-2498. [DOI: 10.1080/10428194.2022.2076851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Celalettin Ustun
- Division of Hematology, Oncology and Cellular Therapy, Rush University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | | | - Sunita Nathan
- Division of Hematology, Oncology and Cellular Therapy, Rush University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Linda J. Burns
- Center for International Blood and Marrow Transplant Research, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Daniel Weisdorf
- Division of Hematology, Oncology and Transplantation, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
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Servais S, Beguin Y, Baron F. OUP accepted manuscript. Stem Cells Transl Med 2022; 11:461-477. [PMID: 35438781 PMCID: PMC9154332 DOI: 10.1093/stcltm/szac015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2021] [Accepted: 02/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
As in younger patients, allogeneic stem cell transplantation (alloHSCT) offers the best chance for durable remission in older patients (≥60 years) with acute myeloid leukemia (AML). However, defining the best treatment strategy (and in particular, whether or not to proceed to alloHSCT) for elderly patients with AML remains a difficult decision for the hematologist, since potential toxicity of conditioning regimens, risks of graft-versus-host disease, impaired immune reconstitution and the need for prolonged immunosuppression may be of major concern in these vulnerable patients with complex needs. Hopefully, significant progress has been made over the past decade in alloHSCT for elderly patients and current evidence suggests that chronological age per se (between 60 and 75) is not a reliable predictor of outcome after alloHSCT. Here, we review the current state of alloHSCT in elderly patients with AML and also discuss the different approaches currently being investigated to improve both accessibility to as well as success of alloHSCT in these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophie Servais
- Department of Clinical Hematology, CHU of Liège, Liège, Belgium
- Hematology Research Unit GIGA-I3, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Yves Beguin
- Department of Clinical Hematology, CHU of Liège, Liège, Belgium
- Hematology Research Unit GIGA-I3, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Frédéric Baron
- Corresponding author: Baron Frédéric, Clinical Hematology Department, University of Liège, CHU of Liège (Sart-Tilman), 4000 Liège, Belgium. Tel: +32 4 366 72 01;
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Li S, Ji Y, Peng Y, Kota V, Kim C. Patient characteristics, treatment patterns, and mortality in elderly patients newly diagnosed with acute myeloid leukemia meeting ineligibility criteria for high intensity chemotherapy. Leuk Lymphoma 2021; 63:131-141. [PMID: 34643153 DOI: 10.1080/10428194.2021.1973669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
To describe patient characteristics, treatment patterns, and survival among elderly patients (≥66 years) newly diagnosed with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) meeting ≥1 ineligibility criteria for high-intensity chemotherapy (HIC; i.e. age >75 years, cardiac disease/prior anthracycline therapy, or secondary AML), we analyzed 2007-2017 100% Medicare hematologic cancer data. Patients were stratified based on whether they received HIC or low-intensity chemotherapy (LIC) or best supportive care (BSC) within 60 days after AML diagnosis. Of 4,152 patients, 43.2% received chemotherapy, 33.8% BSC, and 23.1% no therapy. Among chemotherapy-treated patients, HIC was more common than LIC (58.8 vs 41.2%), despite targeting patients meeting ≥1 ineligibility criteria for HIC. Poor overall survival was observed for patients receiving chemotherapy and BSC (median overall survival [interquartile range]: HIC, 1.9 [0.8, 6.6] months; LIC, 3.8 [1.4, 9.3] months; BSC, 1.0 [0.4, 2.5] months). Results highlight the need for additional effective and tolerable treatments for this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuling Li
- Chronic Disease Research Group (CDRG), Hennepin Healthcare Research Institute, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Yuanyuan Ji
- Chronic Disease Research Group (CDRG), Hennepin Healthcare Research Institute, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Yi Peng
- Chronic Disease Research Group (CDRG), Hennepin Healthcare Research Institute, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | | | - Christopher Kim
- Center for Observational Research, Amgen Inc., Thousand Oaks, CA, USA
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Evolving Therapeutic Approaches for Older Patients with Acute Myeloid Leukemia in 2021. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13205075. [PMID: 34680226 PMCID: PMC8534216 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13205075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2021] [Revised: 09/29/2021] [Accepted: 10/04/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary The better understanding of disease biology, the availability of new effective drugs and the increased awareness of patients’ heterogeneity in terms of fitness and personal expectations has made the current treatment paradigm of AML in the elderly very challenging. Here, we discuss the evolving criteria used to define eligibility for induction chemotherapy and transplantation, the introduction of new agents in the treatment of patients with very different clinical conditions, the implications of precision medicine and the importance of quality of life and supportive care, proposing a simplified algorithm that we follow in 2021. Abstract Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) in older patients is characterized by unfavorable prognosis due to adverse disease features and a high rate of treatment-related complications. Classical therapeutic options range from intensive chemotherapy in fit patients, potentially followed by allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (allo-HCT), to hypomethylating agents or palliative care alone for unfit/frail ones. In the era of precision medicine, the treatment paradigm of AML is rapidly changing. On the one hand, a plethora of new targeted drugs with good tolerability profiles are becoming available, offering the possibility to achieve a prolonged remission to many patients not otherwise eligible for more intensive therapies. On the other hand, better tools to assess patients’ fitness and improvements in the selection and management of those undergoing allo-HCT will hopefully reduce treatment-related mortality and complications. Importantly, a detailed genetic characterization of AML has become of paramount importance to choose the best therapeutic option in both intensively treated and unfit patients. Finally, improving supportive care and quality of life is of major importance in this age group, especially for the minority of patients that are still candidates for palliative care because of very poor clinical conditions or unwillingness to receive active treatments. In the present review, we discuss the evolving approaches in the treatment of older AML patients, which is becoming increasingly challenging following the advent of new effective drugs for a very heterogeneous and complex population.
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Trial Watch: Adoptive TCR-Engineered T-Cell Immunotherapy for Acute Myeloid Leukemia. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13184519. [PMID: 34572745 PMCID: PMC8469736 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13184519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2021] [Revised: 08/20/2021] [Accepted: 09/01/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a type of blood cancer with an extremely grim prognosis. This is due to the fact that the majority of patients will relapse after frontline treatment. Overall survival of relapsed AML is very low, and treatment options are few. T lymphocytes harnessed with antitumor T-cell receptors (TCRs) can produce objective clinical responses in certain cancers, such as melanoma, but have not entered the main road for AML. In this review, we describe the current status of the field of TCR-T-cell therapies for AML. Abstract Despite the advent of novel therapies, acute myeloid leukemia (AML) remains associated with a grim prognosis. This is exemplified by 5-year overall survival rates not exceeding 30%. Even with frontline high-intensity chemotherapy regimens and allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation, the majority of patients with AML will relapse. For these patients, treatment options are few, and novel therapies are urgently needed. Adoptive T-cell therapies represent an attractive therapeutic avenue due to the intrinsic ability of T lymphocytes to recognize tumor cells with high specificity and efficiency. In particular, T-cell therapies focused on introducing T-cell receptors (TCRs) against tumor antigens have achieved objective clinical responses in solid tumors such as synovial sarcoma and melanoma. However, contrary to chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-T cells with groundbreaking results in B-cell malignancies, the use of TCR-T cells for hematological malignancies is still in its infancy. In this review, we provide an overview of the status and clinical advances in adoptive TCR-T-cell therapy for the treatment of AML.
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12
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Marofi F, Rahman HS, Al-Obaidi ZMJ, Jalil AT, Abdelbasset WK, Suksatan W, Dorofeev AE, Shomali N, Chartrand MS, Pathak Y, Hassanzadeh A, Baradaran B, Ahmadi M, Saeedi H, Tahmasebi S, Jarahian M. Novel CAR T therapy is a ray of hope in the treatment of seriously ill AML patients. Stem Cell Res Ther 2021; 12:465. [PMID: 34412685 PMCID: PMC8377882 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-021-02420-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2021] [Accepted: 05/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a serious, life-threatening, and hardly curable hematological malignancy that affects the myeloid cell progenies and challenges patients of all ages but mostly occurs in adults. Although several therapies are available including chemotherapy, allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (alloHSCT), and receptor-antagonist drugs, the 5-year survival of patients is quietly disappointing, less than 30%. alloHSCT is the major curative approach for AML with promising results but the treatment has severe adverse effects such as graft-versus-host disease (GVHD). Therefore, as an alternative, more efficient and less harmful immunotherapy-based approaches such as the adoptive transferring T cell therapy are in development for the treatment of AML. As such, chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cells are engineered T cells which have been developed in recent years as a breakthrough in cancer therapy. Interestingly, CAR T cells are effective against both solid tumors and hematological cancers such as AML. Gradually, CAR T cell therapy found its way into cancer therapy and was widely used for the treatment of hematologic malignancies with successful results particularly with somewhat better results in hematological cancer in comparison to solid tumors. The AML is generally fatal, therapy-resistant, and sometimes refractory disease with a disappointing low survival rate and weak prognosis. The 5-year survival rate for AML is only about 30%. However, the survival rate seems to be age-dependent. Novel CAR T cell therapy is a light at the end of the tunnel. The CD19 is an important target antigen in AML and lymphoma and the CAR T cells are engineered to target the CD19. In addition, a lot of research goes on the discovery of novel target antigens with therapeutic efficacy and utilizable for generating CAR T cells against various types of cancers. In recent years, many pieces of research on screening and identification of novel AML antigen targets with the goal of generation of effective anti-cancer CAR T cells have led to new therapies with strong cytotoxicity against cancerous cells and impressive clinical outcomes. Also, more recently, an improved version of CAR T cells which were called modified or smartly reprogrammed CAR T cells has been designed with less unwelcome effects, less toxicity against normal cells, more safety, more specificity, longer persistence, and proliferation capability. The purpose of this review is to discuss and explain the most recent advances in CAR T cell-based therapies targeting AML antigens and review the results of preclinical and clinical trials. Moreover, we will criticize the clinical challenges, side effects, and the different strategies for CAR T cell therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faroogh Marofi
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Heshu Sulaiman Rahman
- College of Medicine, University of Sulaimani, Sulaimaniyah, Iraq.,Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Komar University of Science and Technology, Chaq-Chaq Qularaise, Sulaimaniyah, Iraq
| | - Zaid Mahdi Jaber Al-Obaidi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, University of Alkafeel, Najaf, 54001, Iraq.,Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, College of Medicine, University of Kerbala, Karbala, 56001, Iraq
| | | | - Walid Kamal Abdelbasset
- Department of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University, Al Kharj, Saudi Arabia.,Department of Physical Therapy, Kasr Al-Aini Hospital, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Wanich Suksatan
- Faculty of Nursing, HRH Princess Chulabhorn College of Medical Science, Chulabhorn Royal Academy, Bangkok, 10210, Thailand
| | | | - Navid Shomali
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | | | - Yashwant Pathak
- Taneja College of Pharmacy, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA.,Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Airlangga University, Surabaya, Indonesia
| | - Ali Hassanzadeh
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Behzad Baradaran
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Majid Ahmadi
- Stem Cell Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Hossein Saeedi
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Safa Tahmasebi
- Department of Immunology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Mostafa Jarahian
- German Cancer Research Center, Toxicology and Chemotherapy, No. 2, Floor 4 Unit (G401), 69120, Heidelberg, Germany.
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13
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Lazarevic VL. Acute myeloid leukaemia in patients we judge as being older and/or unfit. J Intern Med 2021; 290:279-293. [PMID: 33780573 DOI: 10.1111/joim.13293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2021] [Revised: 03/09/2021] [Accepted: 03/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The definition of older age in AML is arbitrary. In the context of the clinical studies, it starts with age ≥60 or ≥65 years and in recent years ≥70 or 75, depending on the selection of the studied population. In clinical practice, with older age, we often mean that the patient is unfit for intensive chemotherapy. Higher age overlaps with categories such as worse performance status, unfitness, comorbidities, poor-risk cytogenetics, adverse mutation patterns, age-related clonal haematopoiesis and specific disease ontogeny. Intensive induction therapy can result in prolonged overall survival, at least in a subset of elderly patients aged up to 75 years despite the reluctance of some physicians and patients to use treatment regimens perceived as toxic. Venetoclax and azacitidine combination is the new standard of comparison for persons unfit for intensive therapy. New oral hypomethylating agent CC-486 as maintenance therapy led to a prolonged overall survival in a randomized trial of patients ≥55 years of age who were in first complete remission, but not eligible for allogeneic stem cell transplantation. Any therapy is better than no therapy, but a substantial proportion of older patients still receive only palliative care. Making a decision for AML diagnosed in older age should be individualized and shared through the dialog with the patient and relatives or cohabitants, considering medical issues and social factors including personal goals. Although we are witnesses of the advances in basic research and therapy, we are still a very long way from curing older patients with AML.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Lj Lazarevic
- From the, Department of Hematology, Oncology and Radiation Physics, Stem Cell Center, Skåne University Hospital, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
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Saxena K, Konopleva M. New Treatment Options for Older Patients with Acute Myeloid Leukemia. Curr Treat Options Oncol 2021; 22:39. [PMID: 33743079 DOI: 10.1007/s11864-021-00841-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/18/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
OPINION STATEMENT The treatment of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) has evolved considerably over the past several years. Advances in the field have historically benefited younger patients; however, a growing understanding of the molecular basis of leukemogenesis has brought multiple targeted agents to the clinic for patients of all ages. These therapies have expanded the therapeutic landscape for elderly patients from more than best supportive care and low-intensity monotherapy. In general, we currently utilize a backbone regimen of a hypomethylating agent (HMA) or low-intensity chemotherapy with the BCL-2 inhibitor venetoclax for the majority of elderly patients with newly diagnosed AML. For patients with targetable mutations, we employ a doublet/triplet strategy of HMA + a targeted inhibitor +/- venetoclax, often in the context of a clinical trial. CPX-351 is reserved for patients with secondary or therapy-related AML. In this review, we will outline our approach to the treatment of elderly patients with AML, with particular emphasis on recently approved agents and emerging novel therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kapil Saxena
- Division of Cancer Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd Unit 463, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Marina Konopleva
- Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd, Unit 428, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.
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15
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Jung J, Lee H, Suh YG, Eom HS, Lee E. Current Use of Total Body Irradiation in Haploidentical Allogeneic Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation. J Korean Med Sci 2021; 36:e55. [PMID: 33650334 PMCID: PMC7921367 DOI: 10.3346/jkms.2021.36.e55] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2020] [Accepted: 12/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Total body irradiation (TBI) is included in the conditioning regimen for allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT), with unique advantages such as uniform distribution over the whole body and decreased exposure to cytotoxic chemotherapeutic agents. For individuals who lack matched sibling or matched unrelated donors, the use of haploidentical donors has been increasing despite challenges such as graft rejection and graft-versus-host disease (GVHD). Although a limited number of studies have been performed to assess the clinical role of TBI in haploidentical HSCT, TBI-based conditioning showed comparable results in terms of survival outcomes, rate of relapse, and GVHD in diverse hematologic malignancies such as leukemia, lymphoma, and multiple myeloma. Advances in supportive care, along with recent technical improvements such as restriction of maximum tolerated dose, appropriate fractionation, and organ shielding, help to overcome diverse adverse events related to TBI. Post-transplantation cyclophosphamide was used in most studies to reduce the risk of GVHD. Additionally, it was found that post-transplantation rituximab may improve outcomes in TBI-based haploidentical HSCT, especially in patients with B-cell lymphoma. Along with the advances of techniques and strategies, the expansion of age restriction would be another important issue for TBI-based haploidentical HSCT considering the current tendency toward increasing age limitation and lack of matched donors. This review article summarizes the current use and future perspectives of TBI in haploidentical HSCT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jongheon Jung
- Center for Hematologic Malignancy, National Cancer Center, Goyang, Korea
| | - Hyewon Lee
- Center for Hematologic Malignancy, National Cancer Center, Goyang, Korea
| | - Yang Gun Suh
- Proton Therapy Center, Research Institute and Hospital, National Cancer Center, Goyang, Korea
| | - Hyeon Seok Eom
- Center for Hematologic Malignancy, National Cancer Center, Goyang, Korea
| | - Eunyoung Lee
- Center for Hematologic Malignancy, National Cancer Center, Goyang, Korea.
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16
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Ferrara F, Picardi A. Is outcome of older people with acute myeloid leukemia improving with new therapeutic approaches and stem cell transplantation? Expert Rev Hematol 2020; 13:99-108. [PMID: 31922453 DOI: 10.1080/17474086.2020.1715207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Introduction: The clinical outcome of older patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is still poor, especially for those who are unfit to treatments aimed at altering the natural course of the disease. Hypomethylating agents (HMA) offer an important therapeutic opportunity to a consistent number of patients, but long-term results are largely unsatisfactory.Area covered: Recently, a number of new agents have been registered for AML, some of which selectively available for older patient population, with promising results in terms of response rate and survival. Furthermore, the upper age limit for allogeneic stem cell transplantation is constantly increasing, so that this procedure is offered and actually given to an increasing number of older patients with AML. A literature review was conducted of the PubMed database for articles published in English as well as for abstracts from most important and recent hematology meetings on AML in older patients.Expert opinion: Appropriate selection among different options on the basis of clinical fitness and molecular findings at diagnosis as well as at relapse would result in improvement of therapeutic results, sparing unnecessary toxicity and optimizing health systems resources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felicetto Ferrara
- Division of Hematology and Stem Cell Transplantation Program, AORN Cardarelli Hospital, Naples, Italy
| | - Alessandra Picardi
- Division of Hematology and Stem Cell Transplantation Program, AORN Cardarelli Hospital, Naples, Italy.,Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, University of Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
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17
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Fauer AJ, Choi SW, Friese CR. The Roles of Nurses in Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation for the Treatment of Leukemia in Older Adults. Semin Oncol Nurs 2019; 35:150960. [PMID: 31753706 PMCID: PMC7150366 DOI: 10.1016/j.soncn.2019.150960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To review and summarize nurses' roles in the care of the older adult undergoing an allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplant (HCT) for the treatment of leukemia. DATA SOURCES Published literature indexed in PubMed, CINAHL, textbooks, and clinical expertise. CONCLUSION Nurses are a vital component of the highly specialized care delivered before, during, and after an allogeneic HCT. IMPLICATIONS FOR NURSING PRACTICE Nurses who are prepared for the complex HCT care trajectory will be able to optimally meet the complex needs of the older adult patient and their caregiver(s).
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex J Fauer
- University of Michigan, School of Nursing, Ann Arbor, MI; University of Michigan, Rogel Cancer Center, Ann Arbor, MI.
| | - Sung Won Choi
- University of Michigan, Department of Pediatrics, Ann Arbor, MI; University of Michigan, Rogel Cancer Center, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Christopher R Friese
- University of Michigan, School of Nursing, Ann Arbor, MI; University of Michigan, Rogel Cancer Center, Ann Arbor, MI; University of Michigan, School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI
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18
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Illangeswaran RSS, Das S, Paul DZ, Mathews V, Balasubramanian P. A personalized approach to acute myeloid leukemia therapy: current options. PHARMACOGENOMICS & PERSONALIZED MEDICINE 2019; 12:167-179. [PMID: 31447578 PMCID: PMC6684879 DOI: 10.2147/pgpm.s168267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2019] [Accepted: 07/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Therapeutic options for acute myeloid leukemia (AML) have remained unchanged for nearly the past 5 decades, with cytarabine and anthracyclines and use of hypomethylating agents for less intensive therapy. Implementation of large-scale genomic studies in the past decade has unraveled the genetic landscape and molecular etiology of AML. The approval of several novel drugs for targeted therapy, including midostaurin, enasidenib, ivosidenib, gemtuzumab–ozogamicin, and CPX351 by the US Food and Drug Administration has widened the treatment options for clinicians treating AML. This review focuses on some of these novel therapies and other promising agents under development, along with key clinical trial findings in AML.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Saswati Das
- Department of Haematology, Christian Medical College, Vellore, India
| | | | - Vikram Mathews
- Department of Haematology, Christian Medical College, Vellore, India
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Ferrara F, Lessi F, Vitagliano O, Birkenghi E, Rossi G. Current Therapeutic Results and Treatment Options for Older Patients with Relapsed Acute Myeloid Leukemia. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:E224. [PMID: 30769877 PMCID: PMC6406399 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11020224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2019] [Revised: 02/05/2019] [Accepted: 02/10/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Considerable progress has been made in the treatment of acute myeloid leukemia (AML). However, current therapeutic results are still unsatisfactory in untreated high-risk patients and poorer in those with primary refractory or relapsed disease. In older patients, reluctance by clinicians to treat unfit patients, higher AML cell resistance related to more frequent adverse karyotype and/or precedent myelodysplastic syndrome, and preferential involvement of chemorefractory early hemopoietic precursors in the pathogenesis of the disease further account for poor prognosis, with median survival lower than six months. A general agreement exists concerning the administration of aggressive salvage therapy in young adults followed by allogeneic stem cell transplantation; on the contrary, different therapeutic approaches varying in intensity, from conventional salvage chemotherapy based on intermediate⁻high-dose cytarabine to best supportive care, are currently considered in the relapsed, older AML patient population. Either patients' characteristics or physicians' attitudes count toward the process of clinical decision making. In addition, several new drugs with clinical activity described as "promising" in uncontrolled single-arm studies failed to improve long-term outcomes when tested in larger randomized clinical trials. Recently, new agents have been approved and are expected to consistently improve the clinical outcome for selected genomic subgroups, and research is in progress in other molecular settings. While relapsed AML remains a tremendous challenge to both patients and clinicians, knowledge of the molecular pathogenesis of the disease is fast in progress, potentially leading to personalized therapy in most patients.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Federica Lessi
- Department of Medicine, Hematology and Clinical Immunology Unit, University of Padua, 35153 Padua, Italy.
| | | | - Erika Birkenghi
- Division of Hematology, Spedali Civili, 25123 Brescia, Italy.
| | - Giuseppe Rossi
- Division of Hematology, Spedali Civili, 25123 Brescia, Italy.
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