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Li Q, Qian W, Zhang Y, Hu L, Chen S, Xia Y. A new wave of innovations within the DNA damage response. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2023; 8:338. [PMID: 37679326 PMCID: PMC10485079 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-023-01548-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2023] [Revised: 06/01/2023] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 09/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Genome instability has been identified as one of the enabling hallmarks in cancer. DNA damage response (DDR) network is responsible for maintenance of genome integrity in cells. As cancer cells frequently carry DDR gene deficiencies or suffer from replicative stress, targeting DDR processes could induce excessive DNA damages (or unrepaired DNA) that eventually lead to cell death. Poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) inhibitors have brought impressive benefit to patients with breast cancer gene (BRCA) mutation or homologous recombination deficiency (HRD), which proves the concept of synthetic lethality in cancer treatment. Moreover, the other two scenarios of DDR inhibitor application, replication stress and combination with chemo- or radio- therapy, are under active clinical exploration. In this review, we revisited the progress of DDR targeting therapy beyond the launched first-generation PARP inhibitors. Next generation PARP1 selective inhibitors, which could maintain the efficacy while mitigating side effects, may diversify the application scenarios of PARP inhibitor in clinic. Albeit with unavoidable on-mechanism toxicities, several small molecules targeting DNA damage checkpoints (gatekeepers) have shown great promise in preliminary clinical results, which may warrant further evaluations. In addition, inhibitors for other DNA repair pathways (caretakers) are also under active preclinical or clinical development. With these progresses and efforts, we envision that a new wave of innovations within DDR has come of age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Li
- Domestic Discovery Service Unit, WuXi AppTec, 200131, Shanghai, China
| | - Wenyuan Qian
- Domestic Discovery Service Unit, WuXi AppTec, 200131, Shanghai, China
| | - Yang Zhang
- Domestic Discovery Service Unit, WuXi AppTec, 200131, Shanghai, China
| | - Lihong Hu
- Domestic Discovery Service Unit, WuXi AppTec, 200131, Shanghai, China
| | - Shuhui Chen
- Domestic Discovery Service Unit, WuXi AppTec, 200131, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuanfeng Xia
- Domestic Discovery Service Unit, WuXi AppTec, 200131, Shanghai, China.
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Kleissl L, Weinmüllner R, Lämmermann I, Dingelmaier-Hovorka R, Jafarmadar M, El Ghalbzouri A, Stary G, Grillari J, Dellago H. PRPF19 modulates morphology and growth behavior in a cell culture model of human skin. FRONTIERS IN AGING 2023; 4:1154005. [PMID: 37214773 PMCID: PMC10196211 DOI: 10.3389/fragi.2023.1154005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
The skin provides one of the most visual aging transformations in humans, and premature aging as a consequence of oxidative stress and DNA damage is a frequently seen effect. Cells of the human skin are continuously exposed to endogenous and exogenous DNA damaging factors, which can cause DNA damage in all phases of the cell cycle. Increased levels of DNA damage and/or defective DNA repair can, therefore, accelerate the aging process and/or lead to age-related diseases like cancer. It is not yet clear if enhanced activity of DNA repair factors could increase the life or health span of human skin cells. In previous studies, we identified and characterized the human senescence evasion factor (SNEV)/pre-mRNA-processing factor (PRPF) 19 as a multitalented protein involved in mRNA splicing, DNA repair pathways and lifespan regulation. Here, we show that overexpression of PRPF19 in human dermal fibroblasts leads to a morphological change, reminiscent of juvenile, papillary fibroblasts, despite simultaneous expression of senescence markers. Moreover, conditioned media of this subpopulation showed a positive effect on keratinocyte repopulation of wounded areas. Taken together, these findings indicate that PRPF19 promotes cell viability and slows down the aging process in human skin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Kleissl
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Rare and Undiagnosed Diseases, Vienna, Austria
- Department of Dermatology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - Regina Weinmüllner
- Institute of Molecular Biotechnology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Austria
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for Biotechnology of Skin Aging, Vienna, Austria
| | - Ingo Lämmermann
- Institute of Molecular Biotechnology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Austria
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for Biotechnology of Skin Aging, Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Mohammad Jafarmadar
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Traumatology in cooperation with AUVA, Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Georg Stary
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Rare and Undiagnosed Diseases, Vienna, Austria
- Department of Dermatology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - Johannes Grillari
- Institute of Molecular Biotechnology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Austria
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Traumatology in cooperation with AUVA, Vienna, Austria
| | - Hanna Dellago
- Institute of Molecular Biotechnology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Austria
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for Biotechnology of Skin Aging, Vienna, Austria
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He P, Sheng J, Qi J, Bai X, Li J, Wang F, Yuan Y, Zheng X. STAT3-induced NCK1 elevation promotes migration of triple-negative breast cancer cells via regulating ERK1/2 signaling. Mol Biol Rep 2021; 49:267-278. [PMID: 34846647 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-021-06868-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2021] [Accepted: 10/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Noncatalytic region of tyrosine kinase 1 (NCK1) plays a key role in extracellular matrix degradation, which is required for the metastasis of triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC). However, the role NCK1 plays in the metastatic progression of TNBC is unknown. METHODS AND RESULTS Based on online databases, NCK1 was found to be highly expressed in TNBC as compared to normal breast-like subjects, which was also confirmed using TNBC cells and a tissue microarray. NCK1 expression gradually decreased with increased tumor stage. High NCK1 expression displayed a poor prognosis in lymph node-positive metastatic TNBC patients, but not in lymph node-negative patients. Using transwell assays and immunoblotting, we confirmed that NCK1 overexpression promoted, while NCK1 downregulation inhibited migration capabilities, as well as the expression of matrix metalloproteinases (MMP2/9), uridylyl phosphate adenosine, and plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 in TNBC cells. Mechanistically, NCK1 upregulation mediated the activation of MMP2/9 through ERK1/2 activity. Signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) was positively correlated with NCK1. STAT3 could directly bind to the promoter region of NCK1 to promote its expression and was accompanied by the elevation of MMP2/9 and ERK1/2 signaling, which were partially abolished by the knockdown of NCK1 in TNBC cells. CONCLUSIONS NCK1 may serve as a diagnostic and prognostic marker of metastatic TNBC. STAT3 upregulation promoted the expression of NCK1, which subsequently induced the migration and activity of MMPs in a ERK1/2 signaling-dependent manner in TNBC cells. NCK1 is a promising target for improving TNBC migration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peina He
- Department of Medicine, Pingdingshan University, Chongwen Rd., Xincheng District, Pingdingshan, 467092, China
| | - Jianyun Sheng
- Department of Gynecotokology, Pingdingshan First People's Hospital, Pingdingshan, 410402, China
| | - Jinxu Qi
- Department of Medicine, Pingdingshan University, Chongwen Rd., Xincheng District, Pingdingshan, 467092, China
| | - Xianguang Bai
- Department of Medicine, Pingdingshan University, Chongwen Rd., Xincheng District, Pingdingshan, 467092, China
| | - Jiaxin Li
- Department of Medicine, Pingdingshan University, Chongwen Rd., Xincheng District, Pingdingshan, 467092, China
| | - Fubao Wang
- Department of Gynecotokology, Pingdingshan First People's Hospital, Pingdingshan, 410402, China
| | - Yamin Yuan
- Department of Medicine, Pingdingshan University, Chongwen Rd., Xincheng District, Pingdingshan, 467092, China
| | - Xinhua Zheng
- Department of Medicine, Pingdingshan University, Chongwen Rd., Xincheng District, Pingdingshan, 467092, China.
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Cheng J, Li M, Tzeng CM, Gou X, Chen S. Suppression of Tumorigenicity 5 Ameliorates Tumor Characteristics of Invasive Breast Cancer Cells via ERK/JNK Pathway. Front Oncol 2021; 11:621500. [PMID: 34395234 PMCID: PMC8356645 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.621500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2020] [Accepted: 06/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Suppression of tumorigenicity 5 (ST5) has been considered as a tumor suppressor gene in HeLa tumor cells. However, its role in the progression of breast cancer remains vague. METHODS Online database analysis was determined by Oncomine and Breast Cancer Gene-Expression Miner v4.4 (bc-GenExMiner v4.4). Tumor biology behaviors were measured by MTT assay, wound healing model, Transwell and Flow cytometry assays. Methylation-specific PCR (MSP) was employed to detect promoter methylation. RESULTS Low level of ST5 was observed in breast cancer specimens, particularly in recurrent, invasive breast cancer cases compared to para-carcinoma tissue or non-invasive breast cancer. The downregulation of ST5 was also proved in MDA-MB-231 and SKBR3 cell lines with a high invasive capability as compared to MCF-7 cell with a low invasive capability. ST5 was negatively associated with pathological stages of breast cancer. ST5-downregulation promoted, while ST5-upregulation inhibited the progression of cell proliferation, cell cycle and migration of MDA-MB-231 cells. Additionally, ST5 knockdown inhibited, whereas ST5 overexpression promoted apoptosis of MDA-MB-231 cells. However, ST5 modification, either upregulation or downregulation, had no significant impact on tumor behaviors of MCF-7 cells. Mechanistically, ST5 protein ablation activated, while ST5-upregulation repressed the activities of phosphorylated ERK1/2 and JNK, and subsequently the expression of c-Myc. PD98059-mediated ERK1/2 inhibition abolished the stimulatory effects of ST5-depletion on ERK1/2/JNK/c-Myc signaling axis, and ST5 depletion-mediated cell over-proliferation and migration. Of note, ST5 reduction in invasive breast cancer cells should implicate in the hypermethylation of ST5 promoter region. CONCLUSION Our findings suggest that ST5 potentially acts as a tumor suppressor gene in invasive breast cancer through regulating ERK/JNK signaling pathway and provide a novel insight for breast cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianghong Cheng
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Brain Disorders and School of Basic Medical Science, Xi’an Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Mingli Li
- Translational Medicine Research Center (TMRC), School of Pharmaceutical Science, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
- Xiamen Key Laboratory of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Xiamen, China
| | - Chi-Meng Tzeng
- Translational Medicine Research Center (TMRC), School of Pharmaceutical Science, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Xingchun Gou
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Brain Disorders and School of Basic Medical Science, Xi’an Medical University, Xi’an, China
- Institute of Basic and Translational Medicine, Xi’an Medical University, Xi’an, China
- Academician Workstation of Chen Zhi-nan, Xi’an Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Shuai Chen
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Brain Disorders and School of Basic Medical Science, Xi’an Medical University, Xi’an, China
- Institute of Basic and Translational Medicine, Xi’an Medical University, Xi’an, China
- Academician Workstation of Chen Zhi-nan, Xi’an Medical University, Xi’an, China
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Tuluhong D, Chen T, Wang J, Zeng H, Li H, Dunzhu W, Li Q, Wang S. FZD2 promotes TGF-β-induced epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition in breast cancer via activating notch signaling pathway. Cancer Cell Int 2021; 21:199. [PMID: 33832493 PMCID: PMC8033683 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-021-01866-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2020] [Accepted: 03/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Breast cancer (BC) is one of the commonest female cancers, which is characterized with high incidence. Although treatments have been improved, the prognosis of BC patients in advanced stages remains unsatisfactory. Thus, exploration of the molecular mechanisms underneath BC progression is necessary to find novel therapeutic methods. Frizzled class receptor 2 (FZD2) belongs to Frizzled family, which has been proven to promote cell growth and invasion in various human cancers. The purpose of our current study was to detect the functions of FZD2 in BC and explore its underlying molecular mechanism. METHODS The level of FZD2 was measured in BC tissues by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR), western blot, immunohistochemistry (IHC), respectively. Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8), colony formation assay, transwell assays, wound healing assay and flow cytometry analyses were separately conducted to detect cell viability, invasion, migration, apoptosis and cell cycle distribution. The levels of Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) biomarkers were examined by using Immunofluorescence assay. Xenograft tumorigenicity assay was performed to assess the effect of FZD2 on tumor growth in vivo. RESULTS FZD2 mRNA and protein expression was abundant in BC tissues. Moreover, high level of FZD2 had significant correlation with poor prognosis in BC patients. In vitro functional assays revealed that silencing of FZD2 had suppressive effects on BC cell growth, migration and invasion. Animal study further demonstrated that FZD2 silencing inhibited BC cell growth in vivo. In addition, FZD2 induced EMT process in BC cells in a transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1-dependent manner. Mechanistically, knockdown of FZD2 led to the inactivation of Notch signaling pathway. CONCLUSION FZD2 facilitates BC progression and promotes TGF-β1-inudced EMT process through activating Notch signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dilihumaer Tuluhong
- Department of General Surgery, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, No. 305 East Zhongshan Road, Nanjing, 210002, China
| | - Tao Chen
- Department of General Surgery, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, No. 305 East Zhongshan Road, Nanjing, 210002, China
| | - Jingjie Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, No. 305 East Zhongshan Road, Nanjing, 210002, China
| | - Huijuan Zeng
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Guangzhou Institute of Pediatrics, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Research in Structural Birth Defect Disease, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Hanjun Li
- Department of General Surgery, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, No. 305 East Zhongshan Road, Nanjing, 210002, China
| | - Wangmu Dunzhu
- Department of General Surgery, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, No. 305 East Zhongshan Road, Nanjing, 210002, China
| | - Qiurong Li
- Department of General Surgery, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, No. 305 East Zhongshan Road, Nanjing, 210002, China.
| | - Shaohua Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, No. 305 East Zhongshan Road, Nanjing, 210002, China.
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Jia B, Dong Z, Wu D, Zhao J, Wu M, An T, Wang Y, Zhuo M, Li J, Wang Y, Zhang J, Zhao X, Li S, Li J, Ma M, Chen C, Yang X, Zhong J, Chen H, Wang J, Chi Y, Zhai X, Cui S, Zhang R, Ma Q, Fang J, Wang Z. Prediction of the VeriStrat test in first-line therapy of pemetrexed-based regimens for advanced lung adenocarcinoma patients. Cancer Cell Int 2020; 20:590. [PMID: 33298069 PMCID: PMC7724790 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-020-01662-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2020] [Accepted: 11/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although advanced non-squamous non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients have significantly better survival outcomes after pemetrexed based treatment, a subset of patients still show intrinsic resistance and progress rapidly. Therefore we aimed to use a blood-based protein signature (VeriStrat, VS) to analyze whether VS could identify the subset of patients who had poor efficacy on pemetrexed therapy. METHODS This study retrospectively analysed 72 advanced lung adenocarcinoma patients who received first-line pemetrexed/platinum or combined with bevacizumab treatment. RESULTS Plasma samples from these patients were analysed using VS and classified into the Good (VS-G) or Poor (VS-P) group. The relationship between efficacy and VS status was further investigated. Of the 72 patients included in this study, 35 (48.6%) were treated with pemetrexed plus platinum and 37 (51.4%) were treated with pemetrexed/platinum combined with bevacizumab. Among all patients, 60 (83.3%) and 12 (16.7%) patients were classified as VS-G and VS-P, respectively. VS-G patients had significantly better median progression-free survival (PFS) (Unreached vs. 4.2 months; P < 0.001) than VS-P patients. In addition, the partial response (PR) rate was higher in the VS-G group than that in the VS-P group (46.7% vs. 25.0%, P = 0.212). Subgroup analysis showed that PFS was also significantly longer in the VS-G group than that in the VS-P group regardless of whether patients received chemotherapy alone or chemotherapy plus bevacizumab. CONCLUSIONS Our study indicated that VS might be considered as a novel and valid method to predict the efficacy of pemetrexed-based therapy and identify a subset of advanced lung adenocarcinoma patients who had intrinsic resistance to pemetrexed based regimens. However, larger sample studies are still needed to further confirm this result.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Jia
- Key laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/ Beijing), Department of Thoracic Medical Oncology, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, 52 Fucheng Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100142, China
| | - Zhi Dong
- Key laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/ Beijing), Department of GI Oncology, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Di Wu
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Department of Thoracic Oncology II, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, 52 Fucheng Road, Haidian District, 100142, Beijing, China
| | - Jun Zhao
- Key laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/ Beijing), Department of Thoracic Medical Oncology, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, 52 Fucheng Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100142, China
| | - Meina Wu
- Key laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/ Beijing), Department of Thoracic Medical Oncology, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, 52 Fucheng Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100142, China
| | - Tongtong An
- Key laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/ Beijing), Department of Thoracic Medical Oncology, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, 52 Fucheng Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100142, China
| | - Yuyan Wang
- Key laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/ Beijing), Department of Thoracic Medical Oncology, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, 52 Fucheng Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100142, China
| | - Minglei Zhuo
- Key laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/ Beijing), Department of Thoracic Medical Oncology, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, 52 Fucheng Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100142, China
| | - Jianjie Li
- Key laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/ Beijing), Department of Thoracic Medical Oncology, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, 52 Fucheng Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100142, China
| | - Yang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Department of Thoracic Oncology II, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, 52 Fucheng Road, Haidian District, 100142, Beijing, China
| | - Jie Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Department of Thoracic Oncology II, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, 52 Fucheng Road, Haidian District, 100142, Beijing, China
| | - Xinghui Zhao
- Key laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/ Beijing), Department of Thoracic Medical Oncology, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, 52 Fucheng Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100142, China
| | - Sheng Li
- Key laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/ Beijing), Department of Thoracic Medical Oncology, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, 52 Fucheng Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100142, China
| | - Junfeng Li
- Key laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/ Beijing), Department of Thoracic Medical Oncology, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, 52 Fucheng Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100142, China
| | - Menglei Ma
- Key laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/ Beijing), Department of Thoracic Medical Oncology, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, 52 Fucheng Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100142, China
| | - Chen Chen
- Center for Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Chinese PLA General Hospital, The First Medical Center), Beijing, China
| | - Xue Yang
- Key laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/ Beijing), Department of Thoracic Medical Oncology, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, 52 Fucheng Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100142, China
| | - Jia Zhong
- Key laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/ Beijing), Department of Thoracic Medical Oncology, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, 52 Fucheng Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100142, China
| | - Hanxiao Chen
- Key laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/ Beijing), Department of Thoracic Medical Oncology, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, 52 Fucheng Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100142, China
| | - Jingjing Wang
- Key laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/ Beijing), Department of Thoracic Medical Oncology, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, 52 Fucheng Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100142, China
| | - Yujia Chi
- Key laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/ Beijing), Department of Thoracic Medical Oncology, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, 52 Fucheng Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100142, China
| | - Xiaoyu Zhai
- Key laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/ Beijing), Department of Thoracic Medical Oncology, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, 52 Fucheng Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100142, China
| | - Song Cui
- Bioyong Technologies Inc, Beijing, China
| | - Rong Zhang
- Bioyong Technologies Inc, Beijing, China
| | - Qingwei Ma
- Bioyong Technologies Inc, Beijing, China
| | - Jian Fang
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Department of Thoracic Oncology II, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, 52 Fucheng Road, Haidian District, 100142, Beijing, China.
| | - Ziping Wang
- Key laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/ Beijing), Department of Thoracic Medical Oncology, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, 52 Fucheng Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100142, China.
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Horizontal Combination of MEK and PI3K/mTOR Inhibition in BRAF Mutant Tumor Cells with or without Concomitant PI3K Pathway Mutations. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21207649. [PMID: 33081092 PMCID: PMC7589607 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21207649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2020] [Revised: 09/22/2020] [Accepted: 10/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The RAS/RAF and PI3K/Akt pathways play a key regulatory role in cancer and are often hit by oncogenic mutations. Despite molecular targeting, the long-term success of monotherapy is often hampered by de novo or acquired resistance. In the case of concurrent mutations in both pathways, horizontal combination could be a reasonable approach. In our study, we investigated the MEK inhibitor selumetinib and PI3K/mTOR dual inhibitor BEZ235 alone and in combination in BRAF-only mutant and BRAF + PI3K/PTEN double mutant cancer cells using short- and long-term 2D viability assays, spheroid assays, and immunoblots. In the 2D assays, selumetinib was more effective on BRAF-only mutant lines when compared to BRAF + PI3K/PTEN double mutants. Furthermore, combination therapy had an additive effect in most of the lines while synergism was observed in two of the double mutants. Importantly, in the SW1417 BRAF + PI3K double mutant cells, synergism was also confirmed in the spheroid and in the in vivo model. Mechanistically, p-Akt level decreased only in the SW1417 cell line after combination treatment. In conclusion, the presence of concurrent mutations alone did not predict a stronger response to combination treatment. Therefore, additional investigations are warranted to identify predictive factors that can select patients who can benefit from the horizontal combinational inhibition of these two pathways.
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Pterostilbene Sensitizes Cisplatin-Resistant Human Bladder Cancer Cells with Oncogenic HRAS. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12102869. [PMID: 33036162 PMCID: PMC7650649 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12102869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2020] [Revised: 09/26/2020] [Accepted: 10/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary RAS oncoproteins are considered undruggable cancer targets. Nearly 15% of cases of bladder cancer have a mutation of HRAS. The active HRAS contributes to the tumor progression and the risk of recurrence. Using our novel gene expression screening platform, pterostilbene was identified to sensitize cisplatin-resistant bladder cancer cells with HRAS alterations via RAS-related autophagy and cell senescence pathways, suggesting a potentially chemotherapeutic role of pterostilbene for cisplatin treatment of human bladder cancer with oncogenic HRAS. Pterostilbene is a safe and readily available food ingredient in edible plants worldwide. Exploiting the principle of combination therapy on pterostilbene-enhanced biosensitivity to identify undruggable molecular targets for cancer therapy may have a great possibility to overcome the cisplatin resistance of bladder cancer. Our data make HRAS a good candidate for modulation by pterostilbene for targeted cancer therapy in combination with conventional chemotherapeutic agents cisplatin plus gemcitabine. Abstract Analysis of various public databases revealed that HRAS gene mutation frequency and mRNA expression are higher in bladder urothelial carcinoma. Further analysis revealed the roles of oncogenic HRAS, autophagy, and cell senescence signaling in bladder cancer cells sensitized to the anticancer drug cisplatin using the phytochemical pterostilbene. A T24 cell line with the oncogenic HRAS was chosen for further experiments. Indeed, coadministration of pterostilbene increased stronger cytotoxicity on T24 cells compared to HRAS wild-type E7 cells, which was paralleled by neither elevated apoptosis nor induced cell cycle arrest, but rather a marked elevation of autophagy and cell senescence in T24 cells. Pterostilbene-induced autophagy in T24 cells was paralleled by inhibition of class I PI3K/mTOR/p70S6K as well as activation of MEK/ERK (a RAS target) and class III PI3K pathways. Pterostilbene-induced cell senescence on T24 cells was paralleled by increased pan-RAS and decreased phospho-RB expression. Coadministration of PI3K class III inhibitor 3-methyladenine or MEK inhibitor U0126 suppressed pterostilbene-induced autophagy and reversed pterostilbene-enhanced cytotoxicity, but did not affect pterostilbene-elevated cell senescence in T24 cells. Animal study data confirmed that pterostilbene enhanced cytotoxicity of cisplatin plus gemcitabine. These results suggest a therapeutic application of pterostilbene in cisplatin-resistant bladder cancer with oncogenic HRAS.
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Inhibition of Tyrosyl-DNA Phosphodiesterase 1 by Lipophilic Pyrimidine Nucleosides. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25163694. [PMID: 32823658 PMCID: PMC7465190 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25163694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2020] [Revised: 08/03/2020] [Accepted: 08/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Inhibition of DNA repair enzymes tyrosyl-DNA phosphodiesterase 1 and poly(ADP-ribose)polymerases 1 and 2 in the presence of pyrimidine nucleoside derivatives was studied here. New effective Tdp1 inhibitors were found in a series of nucleoside derivatives possessing 2′,3′,5′-tri-O-benzoyl-d-ribofuranose and 5-substituted uracil moieties and have half-maximal inhibitory concentrations (IC50) in the lower micromolar and submicromolar range. 2′,3′,5′-Tri-O-benzoyl-5-iodouridine manifested the strongest inhibitory effect on Tdp1 (IC50 = 0.6 μM). A decrease in the number of benzoic acid residues led to a marked decline in the inhibitory activity, and pyrimidine nucleosides lacking lipophilic groups (uridine, 5-fluorouridine, 5-chlorouridine, 5-bromouridine, 5-iodouridine, and ribothymidine) did not cause noticeable inhibition of Tdp1 (IC50 > 50 μM). No PARP1/2 inhibitors were found among the studied compounds (residual activity in the presence of 1 mM substances was 50–100%). Several O-benzoylated uridine and cytidine derivatives strengthened the action of topotecan on HeLa cervical cancer cells.
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Loizzi V, Ranieri G, Laforgia M, Gadaleta CD, Gargano G, Kardhashi A, De Liso M, Naglieri E, Del Vecchio V, Cicinelli E, Cormio G. PARP inhibitors and epithelial ovarian cancer: Molecular mechanisms, clinical development and future prospective. Oncol Lett 2020; 20:90. [PMID: 32831909 PMCID: PMC7439101 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2020.11951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2019] [Accepted: 04/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) has a poor prognosis. Since the introduction of paclitaxel as antineoplastic agent >20 years ago, only a few phase III randomized trials have shown challenging data regarding different therapeutic options for facing its aggressive clinical course and granting active therapies to patients. Different studies have shown the utility of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) inhibitors in women with EOC with or without BRCA mutations, both germline and somatic. Three PARP inhibitors, olaparib, rucaparib and niraparib, have been recently approved by the Food and Drug Administration for clinical use in EOC patients, though with different clinical indications and profiles of toxicity, while two other molecules, veliparib and talazoparib, are still under clinical investigation. The aim of the present paper is to evaluate the current status of PARP inhibitors in terms of molecular activity, pharmacodynamic properties and clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vera Loizzi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, University of Bari, I-70121 Bari, Italy
| | - Girolamo Ranieri
- Interventional and Medical Oncology Unit, IRCCS Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico 'Giovanni Paolo II', I-70124 Bari, Italy
| | - Mariarita Laforgia
- Pharmacy Unit, IRCCS Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico 'Giovanni Paolo II', I-70124 Bari, Italy
| | - Cosmo Damiano Gadaleta
- Interventional and Medical Oncology Unit, IRCCS Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico 'Giovanni Paolo II', I-70124 Bari, Italy
| | - Giulio Gargano
- Gynecology Unit, IRCCS Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico 'Giovanni Paolo II', I-70124 Bari, Italy
| | - Anila Kardhashi
- Gynecology Unit, IRCCS Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico 'Giovanni Paolo II', I-70124 Bari, Italy
| | - Maria De Liso
- Gynecology Unit, IRCCS Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico 'Giovanni Paolo II', I-70124 Bari, Italy
| | - Emanuele Naglieri
- Medical Oncology Unit, IRCCS Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico 'Giovanni Paolo II', I-70124 Bari, Italy
| | - Vittoria Del Vecchio
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, University of Bari, I-70121 Bari, Italy
| | - Ettore Cicinelli
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, University of Bari, I-70121 Bari, Italy
| | - Gennaro Cormio
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, University of Bari, I-70121 Bari, Italy
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11
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Wang H, Wu D, Cai L, Li X, Zhang Z, Chen S. Aberrant methylation of WD-repeat protein 41 contributes to tumour progression in triple-negative breast cancer. J Cell Mol Med 2020; 24:6869-6882. [PMID: 32394588 PMCID: PMC7299681 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.15344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2019] [Revised: 04/03/2020] [Accepted: 04/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
WD-repeat proteins are implicated in a variety of biological functions, most recently in oncogenesis. However, the underlying function of WD-repeat protein 41 (WDR41) in tumorigenesis remains elusive. The present study was aimed to explore the role of WDR41 in breast cancer. Combined with Western blotting and immunohistochemistry, the results showed that WDR41 was expressed at low levels in breast cancer, especially in triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC). Using methylation-specific PCR (MSP), we observed that WDR41 presented hypermethylation in MDA-MB-231 cells. Methylation inhibitor 5-aza-2'-deoxycytidine (5-aza-dC) management increased the expression of WDR41 in MDA-MB-231 cells, but not in MCF-10A (normal mammary epithelial cells) or oestrogen receptor-positive MCF-7 breast cancer cells. WDR41-down-regulation promoted, while WDR41-up-regulation inhibited the tumour characteristics of TNBC cells including cell viability, cell cycle and migration. Further, WDR41-up-regulation dramatically suppressed tumour growth in vivo. Mechanistically, WDR41 protein ablation activated, while WDR41-up-regulation repressed the AKT/GSK-3β pathway and the subsequent nuclear activation of β-catenin in MDA-MB-231 cells, and 5-aza-dC treatment enhanced this effect. After treatment with the AKT inhibitor MK-2206, WDR41-down-regulation-mediated activation of the GSK-3β/β-catenin signalling was robustly abolished. Collectively, methylated WDR41 in MDA-MB-231 cells promotes tumorigenesis through positively regulating the AKT/GSK-3β/β-catenin pathway, thus providing an important foundation for treating TNBC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Wang
- Translational Medicine Research Center (TMRC)School of Pharmaceutical ScienceXiamen UniversityXiamenFujianChina
| | - Dan Wu
- Department of oncologyXiamen Fifth hospitalXiamenChina
| | - Liangliang Cai
- Translational Medicine Research Center (TMRC)School of Pharmaceutical ScienceXiamen UniversityXiamenFujianChina
| | - Xiaohong Li
- Department of Medical OncologyCancer HospitalThe First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen UniversityXiamenChina
| | - Zhiming Zhang
- Department of Breast SurgeryThe First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen UniversityXiamenChina
| | - Shuai Chen
- Department of oncologyXiamen Fifth hospitalXiamenChina
- Translational Medicine Research Center (TMRC)School of Pharmaceutical ScienceXiamen UniversityXiamenFujianChina
- Department of Otolaryngology‐Head and Neck SurgeryThe First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen UniversityXiamenChina
- Xiamen Key Laboratory of Otolaryngology‐Head and Neck SurgeryXiamenChina
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12
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Rahman MA, Nasrin F, Bhattacharjee S, Nandi S. Hallmarks of Splicing Defects in Cancer: Clinical Applications in the Era of Personalized Medicine. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12061381. [PMID: 32481522 PMCID: PMC7352608 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12061381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2020] [Revised: 05/25/2020] [Accepted: 05/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Alternative splicing promotes proteome diversity by using limited number of genes, a key control point of gene expression. Splicing is carried out by large macromolecular machineries, called spliceosome, composed of small RNAs and proteins. Alternative splicing is regulated by splicing regulatory cis-elements in RNA and trans-acting splicing factors that are often tightly regulated in a tissue-specific and developmental stage-specific manner. The biogenesis of ribonucleoprotein (RNP) complexes is strictly regulated to ensure that correct complements of RNA and proteins are coordinated in the right cell at the right time to support physiological functions. Any perturbations that impair formation of functional spliceosomes by disrupting the cis-elements, or by compromising RNA-binding or function of trans-factors can be deleterious to cells and result in pathological consequences. The recent discovery of oncogenic mutations in splicing factors, and growing evidence of the perturbed splicing in multiple types of cancer, underscores RNA processing defects as a critical driver of oncogenesis. These findings have resulted in a growing interest in targeting RNA splicing as a therapeutic approach for cancer treatment. This review summarizes our current understanding of splicing alterations in cancer, recent therapeutic efforts targeting splicing defects in cancer, and future potentials to develop novel cancer therapies.
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13
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Liu F, Huang W, Hong J, Cai C, Zhang W, Zhang J, Kang Z. Long noncoding RNA LINC00630 promotes radio‐resistance by regulating
BEX1
gene methylation in colorectal cancer cells. IUBMB Life 2020; 72:1404-1414. [PMID: 32119177 DOI: 10.1002/iub.2263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2019] [Revised: 01/13/2020] [Accepted: 02/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Feng Liu
- Department of Radiation OncologyThe First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University Fuzhou Fujian China
| | - Weifeng Huang
- Department of Radiation OncologyZhangzhou Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University Zhangzhou China
| | - Jinsheng Hong
- Department of Radiation OncologyThe First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University Fuzhou Fujian China
| | - Chuanshu Cai
- Department of Radiation OncologyThe First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University Fuzhou Fujian China
| | - Weijian Zhang
- Department of Radiation OncologyThe First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University Fuzhou Fujian China
| | - Jianrong Zhang
- Department of AnesthesiologyThe First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University Fuzhou Fujian China
| | - Zhenming Kang
- Department of AnesthesiologyQuanzhou First Hospital Affiliated to Fujian Medical University Quanzhou Fujian China
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14
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Jariyal H, Weinberg F, Achreja A, Nagarath D, Srivastava A. Synthetic lethality: a step forward for personalized medicine in cancer. Drug Discov Today 2020; 25:305-320. [DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2019.11.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2019] [Revised: 11/06/2019] [Accepted: 11/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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15
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Satheesh NJ, Samuel SM, Büsselberg D. Combination Therapy with Vitamin C Could Eradicate Cancer Stem Cells. Biomolecules 2020; 10:biom10010079. [PMID: 31947879 PMCID: PMC7022456 DOI: 10.3390/biom10010079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2019] [Revised: 12/24/2019] [Accepted: 12/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer remains one of the most feared and dreaded diseases in this era of modern medicine, claiming the lives of many, and affecting the quality of life of several others around the globe despite major advances in the diagnosis, treatment, palliative care and the immense resources invested into cancer research. While research in cancer has largely focused on the neoplasm/tumor and the cancerous cells that make up the tumor, more recently, the existence, proliferation, differentiation, migration and invasion of cancer stem cells (CSCs) and the role that CSCs play in tumor initiation, progression, metastasis, drug resistance and relapse/recurrence of the disease has gained widespread interest in cancer research. Although the conventional therapeutic approaches such as surgery, chemotherapy and radiation therapy are effective cancer treatments, very often these treatment modalities fail to target the CSCs, which then later become the source of disease recurrence. A majority of the anti-cancer agents target rapidly dividing cancer cells and normal cells and hence, have side effects that are not expected. Targeting CSCs remains a challenge due to their deviant nature with a low proliferation rate and increased drug resistance mechanism. Ascorbic acid/Vitamin C (Vit.C), a potent antioxidant, is a cofactor for several biosynthetic and gene regulatory enzymes and a vital contributor to immune defense of the body, and was found to be deficient in patients with advanced stages of cancer. Vit.C has gained importance in the treatment of cancer due to its ability to modulate the redox status of the cell and influence epigenetic modifications and significant roles in HIF1α signaling. Studies have reported that intravenous administration of Vit.C at pharmacological doses selectively kills tumor cells and targets CSCs when administered along with chemotherapeutic drugs. In the current article, we provide an in-depth review of how Vit.C plays an important role in targeting CSCs and its possible use as an adjuvant, neoadjuvant or co-treatment in the treatment of cancers.
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Chen YS, Hung TW, Su SC, Lin CL, Yang SF, Lee CC, Yeh CF, Hsieh YH, Tsai JP. MTA2 as a Potential Biomarker and Its Involvement in Metastatic Progression of Human Renal Cancer by miR-133b Targeting MMP-9. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:cancers11121851. [PMID: 31771219 PMCID: PMC6966675 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11121851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2019] [Revised: 11/20/2019] [Accepted: 11/21/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Metastasis-associated protein 2 (MTA2) was previously known as a requirement to maintain malignant potentials in several human cancers. However, the role of MTA2 in the progression of renal cell carcinoma (RCC) has not yet been delineated. In this study, MTA2 expression was significantly increased in RCC tissues and cell lines. Increased MTA2 expression was significantly associated with tumour grade (p = 0.002) and was an independent prognostic factor for overall survival with a high RCC tumour grade. MTA2 knockdown inhibited the migration, invasion, and in vivo metastasis of RCC cells without effects on cell proliferation. Regarding molecular mechanisms, MTA2 knockdown reduced the activity, protein level, and mRNA expression of matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) in RCC cells. Further analyses demonstrated that patients with lower miR-133b expression had poorer survival rates than those with higher expression from The Cancer Genome Atlas database. Moreover, miR-133b modulated the 3′untranslated region (UTR) of MMP-9 promoter activities and subsequently the migratory and invasive abilities of these dysregulated expressions of MTA2 in RCC cells. The inhibition of MTA2 could contribute to human RCC metastasis by regulating the expression of miR-133b targeting MMP-9 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong-Syuan Chen
- Institute of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 40201, Taiwan; (Y.-S.C.); (C.-L.L.); (C.-F.Y.)
| | - Tung-Wei Hung
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung 40201, Taiwan;
- School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 40201, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Chi Su
- Whole-Genome Research Core Laboratory of Human Diseases, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Keelung 20401, Taiwan;
- Department of Dermatology, Drug Hypersensitivity Clinical and Research Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou 24451, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Liang Lin
- Institute of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 40201, Taiwan; (Y.-S.C.); (C.-L.L.); (C.-F.Y.)
| | - Shun-Fa Yang
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 40201, Taiwan;
| | - Chu-Che Lee
- Department of Medicine Research, Buddhist Dalin Tzu Chi Hospital, Chiayi 62247, Taiwan;
| | - Chang-Fang Yeh
- Institute of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 40201, Taiwan; (Y.-S.C.); (C.-L.L.); (C.-F.Y.)
| | - Yi-Hsien Hsieh
- Institute of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 40201, Taiwan; (Y.-S.C.); (C.-L.L.); (C.-F.Y.)
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 40201, Taiwan
- Clinical laboratory, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung 40201, Taiwan
- Correspondence: (Y.-H.H.); (J.-P.T.); Tel.: +886-0424730022 (Y.-H.H.); +886-052648000 (J.-P.T.)
| | - Jen-Pi Tsai
- School of Medicine, Tzu Chi University, Hualien 97010, Taiwan
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Dalin Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Chiayi 62247, Taiwan
- Correspondence: (Y.-H.H.); (J.-P.T.); Tel.: +886-0424730022 (Y.-H.H.); +886-052648000 (J.-P.T.)
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17
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Kim S, Jang JY, Koh J, Kwon D, Kim YA, Paeng JC, Ock CY, Keam B, Kim M, Kim TM, Heo DS, Chung DH, Jeon YK. Programmed cell death ligand-1-mediated enhancement of hexokinase 2 expression is inversely related to T-cell effector gene expression in non-small-cell lung cancer. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL & CLINICAL CANCER RESEARCH : CR 2019; 38:462. [PMID: 31718692 PMCID: PMC6852926 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-019-1407-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2019] [Accepted: 09/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Background We investigated the role of PD-L1 in the metabolic reprogramming of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Methods Changes in glycolysis-related molecules and glycolytic activity were evaluated in PD-L1low and PD-L1high NSCLC cells after transfection or knockdown of PD-L1, respectively. Jurkat T-cell activation was assessed after co-culture with NSCLC cells. The association between PD-L1 and immune response-related molecules or glycolysis were analyzed in patients with NSCLC and The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA). Results Transfecting PD-L1 in PD-L1low cells enhanced hexokinase-2 (HK2) expression, lactate production, and extracellular acidification rates, but minimally altered GLUT1 and PKM2 expression and oxygen consumption rates. By contrast, knocking-down PD-L1 in PD-L1high cells decreased HK2 expression and glycolysis by suppressing PI3K/Akt and Erk pathways. Interferon-γ (IFNγ) secretion and activation marker expression was decreased in stimulated Jurkat T-cells when co-cultured with HK2-overexpressing vector-transfected tumor cells rather than empty vector-transfected tumor cells. Immunohistochemistry revealed that PD-L1 expression was positively correlated with HK2 expression in NSCLC (p < 0.001). In TCGA, HK2 exhibited a positive linear association with CD274 (PD-L1) expression (p < 0.001) but an inverse correlation with the expression of CD4, CD8A, and T-cell effector function-related genes in the CD274high rather than CD274low group. Consistently, there were fewer CD8+ T-cells in PD-L1positive/HK2high tumors compared to PD-L1positive/HK2low tumors in squamous cell carcinoma. Conclusions PD-L1 enhances glycolysis in NSCLC by upregulating HK2, which might dampen anti-tumor immunity. PD-L1 may contribute to NSCLC oncogenesis by inducing metabolic reprogramming and immune checkpoint.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sehui Kim
- Department of Pathology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 103 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Young Jang
- Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Bioinfra Life Science Inc., Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jaemoon Koh
- Department of Pathology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 103 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Dohee Kwon
- Department of Pathology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 103 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Young A Kim
- Department of Pathology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 103 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea.,Department of Pathology, Seoul Metropolitan Government-Seoul National University Boramae Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Chul Paeng
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Chan-Young Ock
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Bhumsuk Keam
- Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Miso Kim
- Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae Min Kim
- Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Dae Seog Heo
- Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Doo Hyun Chung
- Department of Pathology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 103 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoon Kyung Jeon
- Department of Pathology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 103 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea. .,Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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Oxaliplatin-Fluoropyrimidine Combination (XELOX) Therapy Does Not Affect Plasma Amino Acid Levels and Plasma Markers of Oxidative Stress in Colorectal Cancer Surgery Patients: A Pilot Study. Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11112667. [PMID: 31694176 PMCID: PMC6893861 DOI: 10.3390/nu11112667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2019] [Revised: 10/25/2019] [Accepted: 10/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Chemotherapy for colorectal cancer may lower muscle protein synthesis and increase oxidative stress. We hypothesize that chemotherapy may worsen plasma amino acids (AAs) and markers of oxidative stress (MOS). Therefore, this study aimed to document plasma AAs and MOS before, during and after chemotherapy in colorectal cancer (CRC) surgery patients. Fourteen normal-weight CRC patients were enrolled one month after surgery and scheduled for oxaliplatin-fluoropyrimidine combination (XELOX) therapy. Venous blood samples for AA and MOS (malondialdehyde, MDA; 8-hydroxy-2’-deoxyguanosine, 8-OHdG) measurements were drawn in fasting patients before each oxaliplatin infusion at initiation (A), 1 month (B) and 3 months (C) of the therapy, and after XELOX had finished (6 months, D). The results showed that during XELOX therapy (from phase B to phase D), in comparison to baseline (phase A), the branched chain amino acid/essential amino acid ratio, branched chain amino acids expressed as a percentage of total AAs, and arginine expressed as a percentage of total AAs significantly decreased (p = 0.017, p = 0.028, p = 0.028, respectively). Plasma levels of MOS did not change significantly. This study indicates that XELOX therapy does not affect plasma AA levels or worsen oxidative stress.
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Locken-Castilla A, Pacheco-Pantoja EL, Rodríguez-Brito F, May-Kim S, López-Rivas V, Ceballos-Cruz A. Smoking index, lifestyle factors, and genomic instability assessed by single-cell gel electrophoresis: a cross-sectional study in subjects from Yucatan, Mexico. Clin Epigenetics 2019; 11:150. [PMID: 31665072 PMCID: PMC6819384 DOI: 10.1186/s13148-019-0745-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2019] [Accepted: 09/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND It is widely accepted that genomic instability is associated with several mechanisms involving oxidative stress, which can increase the rate of DNA breaks. Such factors include smoking, impairments in body composition, an unhealthy lifestyle, and a hereditary history of cancer. The aim was to evaluate the degree of association of genomic instability in smokers and non-smokers, and how the risk could change depending on the lifestyle and other causes. For this purpose, a survey of tobacco consumption, dietary patterns, physical activity, antecedents of cancer, and body composition assessment was carried out. Genomic instability was evaluated through a single-cell gel electrophoresis using peripheral blood mononuclear cells in three different conditions of oxidative stress. The analysis of genomic damage degree was performed through a dimension reduction procedure (principal component analysis) from 16 parameters per treatment (adding up 48 parameters of genomic damage per subject) and a binary logistic regression model for DNA fragmentation risk. RESULTS The sample consisted of 82 participants, divided into three age groups: young adults (18-35 years), adults (36-59 years), and older adults (60-95 years). As expected, the results showed a significant positive correlation of age with genomic damage rates, represented by 2 PCA groups (p = 0.027, p = 0.004). There were consistent significant positive associations of genomic damage rates with smoking index and three PCA groups (p = 0.007, p = 0.004, p = 0.009). The smoking status and age group analysis revealed that there were significant differences for adult smokers with the same aforementioned PCA groups (p = 0.002, p = 0.001, p = 0.010). In addition, higher DNA damage rates were found in subjects with incorrect diet patterns, long sitting hours, and previous exposure to radiation. The analysis with binary logistic regression displayed two models in which lifestyles (age, diet, and/or sedentarism) did not change the significance of smoking index for DNA fragmentation risk; however, when physical activity was present in the model, the smoking index was not a significant factor for DNA damage risk. CONCLUSIONS Although it is well known that smoking affects human health in different ways, DNA fragmentation can be analyzed by a damage phenotypic analysis and integrate a risk analysis reshaped by diet and lifestyle in general.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandra Locken-Castilla
- Medicine School, Health Sciences Division, Universidad Anáhuac Mayab, Km 15.5 Carr. Mérida-Progreso, Mérida, Yucatán México
| | - Elda Leonor Pacheco-Pantoja
- Medicine School, Health Sciences Division, Universidad Anáhuac Mayab, Km 15.5 Carr. Mérida-Progreso, Mérida, Yucatán México
| | - Fátima Rodríguez-Brito
- Health Sciences Division, Universidad Anáhuac Mayab, Km 15.5 Carr. Mérida-Progreso, Mérida, Yucatán México
| | - Sherlin May-Kim
- Health Sciences Division, Universidad Anáhuac Mayab, Km 15.5 Carr. Mérida-Progreso, Mérida, Yucatán México
| | - Victor López-Rivas
- Health Sciences Division, Universidad Anáhuac Mayab, Km 15.5 Carr. Mérida-Progreso, Mérida, Yucatán México
| | - Angel Ceballos-Cruz
- Health Sciences Division, Universidad Anáhuac Mayab, Km 15.5 Carr. Mérida-Progreso, Mérida, Yucatán México
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20
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Huilgol D, Venkataramani P, Nandi S, Bhattacharjee S. Transcription Factors That Govern Development and Disease: An Achilles Heel in Cancer. Genes (Basel) 2019; 10:E794. [PMID: 31614829 PMCID: PMC6826716 DOI: 10.3390/genes10100794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2019] [Revised: 10/05/2019] [Accepted: 10/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Development requires the careful orchestration of several biological events in order to create any structure and, eventually, to build an entire organism. On the other hand, the fate transformation of terminally differentiated cells is a consequence of erroneous development, and ultimately leads to cancer. In this review, we elaborate how development and cancer share several biological processes, including molecular controls. Transcription factors (TF) are at the helm of both these processes, among many others, and are evolutionarily conserved, ranging from yeast to humans. Here, we discuss four families of TFs that play a pivotal role and have been studied extensively in both embryonic development and cancer-high mobility group box (HMG), GATA, paired box (PAX) and basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) in the context of their role in development, cancer, and their conservation across several species. Finally, we review TFs as possible therapeutic targets for cancer and reflect on the importance of natural resistance against cancer in certain organisms, yielding knowledge regarding TF function and cancer biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dhananjay Huilgol
- Bungtown Road, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, New York, NY 11724, USA.
| | | | - Saikat Nandi
- Bungtown Road, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, New York, NY 11724, USA.
| | - Sonali Bhattacharjee
- Bungtown Road, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, New York, NY 11724, USA.
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21
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Bouchart C, Trépant AL, Hein M, Van Gestel D, Demetter P. Prognostic impact of glioblastoma stem cell markers OLIG2 and CCND2. Cancer Med 2019; 9:1069-1078. [PMID: 31568682 PMCID: PMC6997071 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.2592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2019] [Revised: 09/06/2019] [Accepted: 09/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Aims Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most common and lethal malignant brain tumor in adults. Glioma stem cells (GSCs) are implicated in this poor prognosis and in radio(chemo‐)resistance. We have previously demonstrated that among potentially highly specific GSC markers oligodendrocyte lineage transcription factor 2 (OLIG2) appears to be the most specific and cyclin D2 (CCND2) the only one related to cell cycle regulation. The purpose of this work was to investigate the clinical significance and the evolution of OLIG2 and CCND2 protein expression in GBM. Methods and results Immunohistochemical expression analysis of Olig2 and Ccnd2 was carried out on a cohort of human paired GBM samples comparing initial resections with local recurrent tumors after radiation therapy (RT) alone or radio‐chemotherapy with temozolomide (RT‐TMZ). Uni‐ and multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that significant risk factors predicting early mortality (<12 months) are: subtotal surgery for recurrence, time to recurrence <6 months, Ccnd2 nuclear expression at initial surgery ≥30%, and Olig2 nuclear expression <30% at second surgery after RT alone and RT‐TMZ. Conclusions We demonstrated that patients for whom nuclear expression of Olig2 becomes low (<30%) after adjuvant treatments have a significantly shorter time to recurrence and survival reflecting most probably a proneural to mesenchymal transition of the GSCs population. We also highlighted the fact that at initial surgery, high nuclear expression (≥30%) of CCND2, a G1/S regulator specific of GSCs, has a prognostic value and is associated with early mortality (<12 months).
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Affiliation(s)
- Christelle Bouchart
- Department of Radiation-Oncology, Institut Jules Bordet, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Anne-Laure Trépant
- Department of Pathology, Erasme University Hospital, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Matthieu Hein
- Department of Psychiatry and Sleep Laboratory, Erasme University Hospital, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Dirk Van Gestel
- Department of Radiation-Oncology, Institut Jules Bordet, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Pieter Demetter
- Department of Pathology, Institut Jules Bordet, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
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22
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Targeting Glutathione Metabolism: Partner in Crime in Anticancer Therapy. Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11081926. [PMID: 31426306 PMCID: PMC6724225 DOI: 10.3390/nu11081926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2019] [Revised: 08/12/2019] [Accepted: 08/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Glutathione (GSH) is the predominant low-molecular-weight antioxidant with a ubiquitous distribution inside the cell. The steady-state level of cellular GSH is dependent on the balance between synthesis, hydrolysis, recycling of glutathione disulphide (GSSG) as well as cellular extrusion of reduced, oxidized, or conjugated-forms. The augmented oxidative stress typical of cancer cells is accompanied by an increase of glutathione levels that confers them growth advantage and resistance to a number of chemotherapeutic agents. Targeting glutathione metabolism has been widely investigated for cancer treatment although GSH depletion as single therapeutic strategy has resulted largely ineffective if compared with combinatorial approaches. In this review, we circumstantiate the role of glutathione in tumour development and progression focusing on how interfering with different steps of glutathione metabolism can be exploited for therapeutic purposes. A dedicated section on synthetic lethal interactions with GSH modulators will highlight the promising option of harnessing glutathione metabolism for patient-directed therapy in cancer.
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Bhattacharjee S, Roche B, Martienssen RA. RNA-induced initiation of transcriptional silencing (RITS) complex structure and function. RNA Biol 2019; 16:1133-1146. [PMID: 31213126 DOI: 10.1080/15476286.2019.1621624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Heterochromatic regions of the genome are epigenetically regulated to maintain a heritable '"silent state"'. In fission yeast and other organisms, epigenetic silencing is guided by nascent transcripts, which are targeted by the RNA interference pathway. The key effector complex of the RNA interference pathway consists of small interfering RNA molecules (siRNAs) associated with Argonaute, assembled into the RNA-induced transcriptional silencing (RITS) complex. This review focuses on our current understanding of how RITS promotes heterochromatin formation, and in particular on the role of Argonaute-containing complexes in many other functions such as quelling, release of RNA polymerases, cellular quiescence and genome defense.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonali Bhattacharjee
- a Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Howard Hughes Medical Institute , Cold Spring Harbor , NY , USA
| | - Benjamin Roche
- a Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Howard Hughes Medical Institute , Cold Spring Harbor , NY , USA
| | - Robert A Martienssen
- a Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Howard Hughes Medical Institute , Cold Spring Harbor , NY , USA
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PARP Inhibitors in Ovarian Cancer: The Route to "Ithaca". Diagnostics (Basel) 2019; 9:diagnostics9020055. [PMID: 31109041 PMCID: PMC6627688 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics9020055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2019] [Revised: 05/12/2019] [Accepted: 05/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) inhibitors are a novel class of therapeutic agents that target tumors with deficiencies in the homologous recombination DNA repair pathway. Genomic instability characterizes high-grade serous ovarian cancer (HGSOC), with one half of all tumors displaying defects in the important DNA repair pathway of homologous recombination. Early studies have shown significant efficacy for PARP inhibitors in patients with germline breast related cancer antigens 1 and 2 (BRCA1/2) mutations. It has also become evident that BRCA wild-type patients with other defects in the homologous recombination repair pathway benefit from this treatment. Companion homologous recombination deficiency (HRD) scores are being developed to guide the selection of patients that are most likely to benefit from PARP inhibition. The choice of which PARP inhibitor is mainly based upon the number of prior therapies and the presence of a BRCA mutation or HRD. The identification of patients most likely to benefit from PARP inhibitor therapy in view of HRD and other biomarker assessments is still challenging. The aim of this review is to describe the current evidence for PARP inhibitors in ovarian cancer, their mechanism of action, and the outstanding issues, including the rate of long-term toxicities and the evolution of resistance.
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25
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Pradhan S, Kalia I, Roy SS, Singh OP, Adak T, Singh AP, Dhar SK. Molecular characterization and expression profile of an alternate proliferating cell nuclear antigen homolog PbPCNA2 in
Plasmodium berghei. IUBMB Life 2019; 71:1293-1301. [DOI: 10.1002/iub.2036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2019] [Revised: 03/01/2019] [Accepted: 03/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sabyasachi Pradhan
- Special Centre for Molecular MedicineJawaharlal Nehru University New Delhi India
| | | | - Sourav Singha Roy
- Special Centre for Molecular MedicineJawaharlal Nehru University New Delhi India
| | - Om P. Singh
- National Institute of Malaria Research New Delhi India
| | - Tridibes Adak
- National Institute of Malaria Research New Delhi India
| | | | - Suman K. Dhar
- Special Centre for Molecular MedicineJawaharlal Nehru University New Delhi India
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26
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Zhang HS, Zhang ZG, Du GY, Sun HL, Liu HY, Zhou Z, Gou XM, Wu XH, Yu XY, Huang YH. Nrf2 promotes breast cancer cell migration via up-regulation of G6PD/HIF-1α/Notch1 axis. J Cell Mol Med 2019; 23:3451-3463. [PMID: 30809937 PMCID: PMC6484400 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.14241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2018] [Revised: 12/07/2018] [Accepted: 02/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Abnormal metabolism of tumour cells is closely related to the occurrence and development of breast cancer, during which the expression of NF‐E2‐related factor 2 (Nrf2) is of great significance. Metastatic breast cancer is one of the most common causes of cancer death worldwide; however, the molecular mechanism underlying breast cancer metastasis remains unknown. In this study, we found that the overexpression of Nrf2 promoted proliferation and migration of breast cancers cells. Inhibition of Nrf2 and overexpression of Kelch‐like ECH‐associated protein 1 (Keap1) reduced the expression of glucose‐6‐phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) and transketolase of pentose phosphate pathway, and overexpression of Nrf2 and knockdown of Keap1 had opposite effects. Our results further showed that the overexpression of Nrf2 promoted the expression of G6PD and Hypoxia‐inducing factor 1α (HIF‐1α) in MCF‐7 and MDA‐MB‐231 cells. Overexpression of Nrf2 up‐regulated the expression of Notch1 via G6PD/HIF‐1α pathway. Notch signalling pathway affected the proliferation of breast cancer by affecting its downstream gene HES‐1, and regulated the migration of breast cancer cells by affecting the expression of EMT pathway. The results suggest that Nrf2 is a potential molecular target for the treatment of breast cancer and targeting Notch1 signalling pathway may provide a promising strategy for the treatment of Nrf2‐driven breast cancer metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Sheng Zhang
- College of Life Science & Bioengineering, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Zhong-Guo Zhang
- College of Life Science & Bioengineering, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Guang-Yuan Du
- College of Life Science & Bioengineering, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Hong-Liang Sun
- College of Life Science & Bioengineering, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Hui-Yun Liu
- College of Life Science & Bioengineering, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Zhen Zhou
- College of Life Science & Bioengineering, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Xiao-Meng Gou
- College of Life Science & Bioengineering, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Xi-Hao Wu
- College of Life Science & Bioengineering, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Xiao-Ying Yu
- College of Life Science & Bioengineering, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Ying-Hui Huang
- College of Life Science & Bioengineering, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, China
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Tankyrase (PARP5) Inhibition Induces Bone Loss through Accumulation of Its Substrate SH3BP2. Cells 2019; 8:cells8020195. [PMID: 30813388 PMCID: PMC6406327 DOI: 10.3390/cells8020195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2019] [Revised: 02/15/2019] [Accepted: 02/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
There is considerable interest in tankyrase because of its potential use in cancer therapy. Tankyrase catalyzes the ADP-ribosylation of a variety of target proteins and regulates various cellular processes. The anti-cancer effects of tankyrase inhibitors are mainly due to their suppression of Wnt signaling and inhibition of telomerase activity, which are mediated by AXIN and TRF1 stabilization, respectively. In this review, we describe the underappreciated effects of another substrate, SH3 domain-binding protein 2 (SH3BP2). Specifically, SH3BP2 is an adaptor protein that regulates intracellular signaling pathways. Additionally, in the human genetic disorder cherubism, the gain-of-function mutations in SH3BP2 enhance osteoclastogenesis. The pharmacological inhibition of tankyrase in mice induces bone loss through the accumulation of SH3BP2 and the subsequent increase in osteoclast formation. These findings reveal the novel functions of tankyrase influencing bone homeostasis, and imply that tankyrase inhibitor treatments in a clinical setting may be associated with adverse effects on bone mass.
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28
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Orphan drugs: major development challenges at the clinical stage. Drug Discov Today 2019; 24:867-872. [PMID: 30658132 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2019.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2018] [Revised: 12/12/2018] [Accepted: 01/09/2019] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Biotechnology has provided powerful tools to assist in research and development (R&D) for rare diseases. However, orphan drug development presents several major challenges and obstacles, such as low disease prevalence, disease severity, small and heterogeneous patient populations, difficulties in patient recruitment, and limited knowledge of the natural history of disease, among others. Several strategies can be used to plan for and overcome these clinical and regulatory challenges, namely improved clinical trial design, improved patient recruitment, and closer collaboration with the regulatory authorities and with patient associations. As growth in the orphan drug market is expected over the next few years, improving its relevance in the global pharmaceutical market, further challenges might present themselves in the development of orphan drugs.
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29
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Fan T, Sun G, Zhao L, Cui X, Zhong R. Metabolic Activation and Carcinogenesis of Tobacco-Specific Nitrosamine N'-Nitrosonornicotine (NNN): A Density Function Theory and Molecular Docking Study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2019; 16:E178. [PMID: 30634532 PMCID: PMC6352179 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph16020178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2018] [Revised: 12/20/2018] [Accepted: 01/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
N'-nitrosonornicotine (NNN) is one of the tobacco-specific nitrosamines (TSNAs) that exists widely in smoke and smokeless tobacco products. NNN can induce tumors in various laboratory animal models and has been identified by International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) as a human carcinogen. Metabolic activation of NNN is primarily initiated by cytochrome P450 enzymes (CYP450s) via 2'-hydroxylation or 5'-hydroxylation. Subsequently, the hydroxylating intermediates undergo spontaneous decomposition to generate diazohydroxides, which can be further converted to alkyldiazonium ions, followed by attacking DNA to form various DNA damages, such as pyridyloxobutyl (POB)-DNA adducts and pyridyl-N-pyrrolidinyl (py-py)-DNA adducts. If not repaired correctly, these lesions would lead to tumor formation. In the present study, we performed density functional theory (DFT) computations and molecular docking studies to understand the mechanism of metabolic activation and carcinogenesis of NNN. DFT calculations were performed to explore the 2'- or 5'- hydroxylation reaction of (R)-NNN and (S)-NNN. The results indicated that NNN catalyzed by the ferric porphyrin (Compound I, Cpd I) at the active center of CYP450 included two steps, hydrogen abstraction and rebound reactions. The free energy barriers of the 2'- and 5'-hydroxylation of NNN are 9.82/8.44 kcal/mol (R/S) and 7.99/9.19 kcal/mol (R/S), respectively, suggesting that the 2'-(S) and 5'-(R) pathways have a slight advantage. The free energy barriers of the decomposition occurred at the 2'-position and 5'-position of NNN are 18.04/18.02 kcal/mol (R/S) and 18.33/19.53 kcal/mol (R/S), respectively. Moreover, we calculated the alkylation reactions occurred at ten DNA base sites induced by the 2'-hydroxylation product of NNN, generating the free energy barriers ranging from 0.86 to 4.72 kcal/mol, which indicated that these reactions occurred easily. The docking study showed that (S)-NNN had better affinity with CYP450s than that of (R)-NNN, which was consistent with the experimental results. Overall, the combined results of the DFT calculations and the docking obtained in this study provide an insight into the understanding of the carcinogenesis of NNN and other TSNAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tengjiao Fan
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental & Viral Oncology, College of Life Science and Bioengineering, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China.
| | - Guohui Sun
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental & Viral Oncology, College of Life Science and Bioengineering, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China.
| | - Lijiao Zhao
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental & Viral Oncology, College of Life Science and Bioengineering, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China.
| | - Xin Cui
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental & Viral Oncology, College of Life Science and Bioengineering, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China.
| | - Rugang Zhong
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental & Viral Oncology, College of Life Science and Bioengineering, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China.
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Ghosh D, Venkataramani P, Nandi S, Bhattacharjee S. CRISPR-Cas9 a boon or bane: the bumpy road ahead to cancer therapeutics. Cancer Cell Int 2019; 19:12. [PMID: 30636933 PMCID: PMC6325665 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-019-0726-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2018] [Accepted: 01/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Genome editing allows for the precise manipulation of DNA sequences in a cell making this technology essential for understanding gene function. CRISPR/Cas9 is a targeted genome-editing platform derived from bacterial adaptive immune system and has been repurposed into a genome-editing tool. The RNA-guided DNA endonuclease, Cas9 can be easily programmed to target new sites by altering its guide RNA sequence, making this technology easier, more efficient, scalable and an indispensable tool in biological research. This technology has helped genetically engineer animal models to understand disease mechanisms and elucidate molecular details that can be exploited for improved therapeutic outcomes. In this review, we describe the CRISPR-Cas9 gene-editing mechanism, CRISPR-screening methods, therapeutic targeting of CRISPR in animal models and in cancer immunotherapy. We also discuss the ongoing clinical trials using this tool, limitations of this tool that might impede the clinical applicability of CRISPR-Cas9 and future directions for developing effective CRISPR-Cas9 delivery systems that may improve cancer therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debarati Ghosh
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY USA
| | | | - Saikat Nandi
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY USA
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31
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Czogalla B, Kahaly M, Mayr D, Schmoeckel E, Niesler B, Kolben T, Burges A, Mahner S, Jeschke U, Trillsch F. Interaction of ERα and NRF2 Impacts Survival in Ovarian Cancer Patients. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 20:ijms20010112. [PMID: 30597961 PMCID: PMC6337731 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20010112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2018] [Revised: 12/19/2018] [Accepted: 12/21/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (NRF2) regulates cytoprotective antioxidant processes. In this study, the prognostic potential of NRF2 and its interactions with the estrogen receptor α (ERα) in ovarian cancer cells was investigated. NRF2 and ERα protein expression in ovarian cancer tissue was analyzed as well as mRNA expression of NRF2 (NFE2L2) and ERα (ESR1) in four ovarian cancer and one benign cell line. NFE2L2 silencing was carried out to evaluate a potential interplay between NRF2 and ERα. Cytoplasmic NRF2 expression as inactive form had significantly higher expression in patients with low-grade histology (p = 0.03). In the serous cancer subtype, high cytoplasmic NRF2 expression (overall survival (OS), median 50.6 vs. 29.3 months; p = 0.04) and high ERα expression (OS, median 74.5 vs. 27.1 months; p = 0.002) was associated with longer overall survival as well as combined expression of both inactive cytoplasmic NRF2 and ERα in the whole cohort (median 74.5 vs. 37.7 months; p = 0.04). Cytoplasmic NRF2 expression showed a positive correlation with ERα expression (p = 0.004). NFE2L2 was found to be highly expressed in the ovarian cancer cell lines OVCAR3, UWB1.289, and TOV112D. Compared with the benign cell line HOSEpiC, ESR1 expression was reduced in all ovary cancer cell lines (all p < 0.001). Silencing of NFE2L2 induced a higher mRNA expression of ESR1 in the NFE2L2 downregulated cancer cell lines OVCAR3 (p = 0.003) and ES2 (p < 0.001), confirming genetic interactions of NRF2 and ERα. In this study, both inactive cytoplasmic NRF2 and high ERα expression were demonstrated to be associated with improved survival in ovarian cancer patients. Further understanding of interactions within the estradiol⁻ERα⁻NRF2 pathway could better predict the impact of endocrine therapy in ovarian cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bastian Czogalla
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, 81377 Munich, Germany.
| | - Maja Kahaly
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, 81377 Munich, Germany.
| | - Doris Mayr
- Institute of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, 81377 LMU Munich, Germany.
| | - Elisa Schmoeckel
- Institute of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, 81377 LMU Munich, Germany.
| | - Beate Niesler
- Institute of Human Genetics, Department of Human Molecular Genetics, University of Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - Thomas Kolben
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, 81377 Munich, Germany.
| | - Alexander Burges
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, 81377 Munich, Germany.
| | - Sven Mahner
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, 81377 Munich, Germany.
| | - Udo Jeschke
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, 81377 Munich, Germany.
| | - Fabian Trillsch
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, 81377 Munich, Germany.
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Grassadonia A, Sperduti I, Vici P, Iezzi L, Brocco D, Gamucci T, Pizzuti L, Maugeri-Saccà M, Marchetti P, Cognetti G, De Tursi M, Natoli C, Barba M, Tinari N. Effect of Gender on the Outcome of Patients Receiving Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors for Advanced Cancer: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Phase III Randomized Clinical Trials. J Clin Med 2018; 7:jcm7120542. [PMID: 30545122 PMCID: PMC6306894 DOI: 10.3390/jcm7120542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2018] [Revised: 11/30/2018] [Accepted: 12/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Evidence has recently emerged on the influence of gender on the immune system. In this systematic review and meta-analysis of phase III randomized clinical trials (RCTs), we explored the impact of gender on survival in patients with advanced cancer treated with immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs). We performed a comprehensive search of the literature updated to April 2018, including the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, PubMed, and EMBASE. We extracted data on study characteristics and risk of bias in duplicate. Of 423 unique citations, 21 RCTs were included, inherently to 12,635 patients. Both males and females showed reduced risk of death associated with ICIs use (HR 0.73, p < 0.001 and HR 0.77, p < 0.001, respectively). Subgroup analyses by specific ICI showed similar OS in both genders for anti-PD-1/PDL-1. Anti-CTLA-4 use was associated with longer OS in men only (HR 0.77, p < 0.012), with the exception of melanoma (in women, HR 0.80, p = 0.006). PFS was longer in men than in women (HR 0.67, p < 0.001 and HR 0.77, p = 0.100, respectively). Conclusively, ICIs use was associated with more favorable outcomes in men, particularly for anti-CTLA-4 agents. In melanoma, not gender-related factors may influence the anti-tumor immune response evoked by ICIs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonino Grassadonia
- Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences and CeSI-MeT, G. D'Annunzio University, 66100 Chieti, Italy.
| | - Isabella Sperduti
- Department of Bio-Statistics, RCCS Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, 00144 Rome, Italy.
| | - Patrizia Vici
- Division of Medical Oncology 2, IRCCS Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, 00144 Rome, Italy.
| | - Laura Iezzi
- Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences and CeSI-MeT, G. D'Annunzio University, 66100 Chieti, Italy.
| | - Davide Brocco
- Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences and CeSI-MeT, G. D'Annunzio University, 66100 Chieti, Italy.
| | - Teresa Gamucci
- Medical Oncology, Sandro Pertini Hospital, 00157 Rome, Italy.
| | - Laura Pizzuti
- Division of Medical Oncology 2, IRCCS Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, 00144 Rome, Italy.
| | - Marcello Maugeri-Saccà
- Division of Medical Oncology 2, IRCCS Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, 00144 Rome, Italy.
- Scientific Direction, Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, 00144 Rome, Italy.
| | - Paolo Marchetti
- Oncology Unit, Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Medical Oncology, Sapienza University, 00185 Rome, Italy.
| | - Gaetana Cognetti
- Digital library, Knowledge Center "Riccardo Maceratini" and Patient Library, Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, 00144 Rome, Italy.
| | - Michele De Tursi
- Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences and CeSI-MeT, G. D'Annunzio University, 66100 Chieti, Italy.
| | - Clara Natoli
- Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences and CeSI-MeT, G. D'Annunzio University, 66100 Chieti, Italy.
| | - Maddalena Barba
- Division of Medical Oncology 2, IRCCS Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, 00144 Rome, Italy.
| | - Nicola Tinari
- Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences and CeSI-MeT, G. D'Annunzio University, 66100 Chieti, Italy.
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PKNOX2 expression and regulation in the bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells of Fanconi anemia patients and healthy donors. Mol Biol Rep 2018; 46:669-678. [DOI: 10.1007/s11033-018-4522-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2018] [Accepted: 11/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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Ghosh D, Nandi S, Bhattacharjee S. Combination therapy to checkmate Glioblastoma: clinical challenges and advances. Clin Transl Med 2018; 7:33. [PMID: 30327965 PMCID: PMC6191404 DOI: 10.1186/s40169-018-0211-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 136] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2018] [Accepted: 10/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Combination therapy is increasingly becoming the cornerstone of current day antitumor therapy. Glioblastoma multiforme is an aggressive brain tumor with a dismal median survival post diagnosis and a high rate of disease recurrence. The poor prognosis can be attributed to unique treatment limitations, which include the infiltrative nature of tumor cells, failure of anti-glioma drugs to cross the blood-brain barrier, tumor heterogeneity and the highly metastatic and angiogenic nature of the tumor making cells resistant to chemotherapy. Combination therapy approach is being developed against glioblastoma with new innovative combination drug regimens being tested in preclinical and clinical trials. In this review, we discuss the pathophysiology of glioblastoma, diagnostic markers, therapeutic targeting strategies, current treatment limitations, novel combination therapies in the context of current treatment options and the ongoing clinical trials for glioblastoma therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debarati Ghosh
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY, USA
| | - Saikat Nandi
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY, USA.
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