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Iavarone I, Molitierno R, Fumiento P, Vastarella MG, Napolitano S, Vietri MT, De Franciscis P, Ronsini C. MicroRNA Expression in Endometrial Cancer: Current Knowledge and Therapeutic Implications. MEDICINA (KAUNAS, LITHUANIA) 2024; 60:486. [PMID: 38541212 PMCID: PMC10972089 DOI: 10.3390/medicina60030486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2024] [Revised: 03/02/2024] [Accepted: 03/12/2024] [Indexed: 04/09/2024]
Abstract
Background and Objectives: An extracellular vesicle is part of a class of submicron particles derived from cells, mediating cellular crosstalk through microRNA (miRNA). MiRNA is a group of RNA molecules, each of which consists of 15-22 nucleotides and post-transcriptionally modulates gene expression. The complementary mRNAs-onto which the miRNAs hybridize-are involved in processes such as implantation, tumor suppression, proliferation, angiogenesis, and metastasis that define the entire tumor microenvironment. The endometrial biopsy is a standard technique used to recognize cellular atypia, but other non-invasive markers may reduce patient discomfort during the use of invasive methods. The present study aims to examine the distribution and the regulation of the differentially expressed miRNAs (DEMs) and EV-derived substances in women with endometrial cancer. Materials and Methods: We systematically searched the PubMed, EMBASE, Scopus, Cochrane Library, and ScienceDirect databases in April 2023, adopted the string "Endometrial Neoplasms AND Exosomes", and followed the recommendations in the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) statement. We selected all the studies that included patients with endometrial cancer and that described the regulation of miRNA molecules in that context. The differences in molecule expression between patients and controls were evaluated as significant when the proteins had a fold change of ±1.5. Results: Seventeen records fulfilled the inclusion criteria: a total of 371 patients and 273 controls were analyzed. The upregulated molecules that had the widest delta between endometrial cancer patients and controls-relative expression ≥ 1 > 3 log2(ratio)-were miR-20b-5p, miR-204-5p, miR-15a-5p, and miR-320a. In particular, miR-20b-5p and miR-204-5p were extracted from both serum and endometrial specimens, whereas miR-15a-5p was only isolated from plasma, and miR-320a was only extracted from the endometrial specimens. In parallel, the most downregulated miRNA in the endometrial cancer patients compared to the healthy subjects was miR-320a, which was found in the endometrial specimens. Conclusions: Although their epigenetic regulation remains unknown, these upregulated molecules derived from EVs are feasible markers for the early detection of endometrial cancer. The modulation of these miRNA molecules should be assessed during different treatments or if recurrence develops in response to a targeted treatment modality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene Iavarone
- Department of Woman, Child and General and Specialized Surgery, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80138 Naples, Italy; (I.I.); (R.M.); (P.F.); (M.G.V.); (P.D.F.)
| | - Rossella Molitierno
- Department of Woman, Child and General and Specialized Surgery, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80138 Naples, Italy; (I.I.); (R.M.); (P.F.); (M.G.V.); (P.D.F.)
| | - Pietro Fumiento
- Department of Woman, Child and General and Specialized Surgery, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80138 Naples, Italy; (I.I.); (R.M.); (P.F.); (M.G.V.); (P.D.F.)
| | - Maria Giovanna Vastarella
- Department of Woman, Child and General and Specialized Surgery, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80138 Naples, Italy; (I.I.); (R.M.); (P.F.); (M.G.V.); (P.D.F.)
| | - Stefania Napolitano
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80138 Naples, Italy;
| | - Maria Teresa Vietri
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80138 Naples, Italy;
| | - Pasquale De Franciscis
- Department of Woman, Child and General and Specialized Surgery, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80138 Naples, Italy; (I.I.); (R.M.); (P.F.); (M.G.V.); (P.D.F.)
| | - Carlo Ronsini
- Department of Woman, Child and General and Specialized Surgery, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80138 Naples, Italy; (I.I.); (R.M.); (P.F.); (M.G.V.); (P.D.F.)
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Ronsini C, Fumiento P, Iavarone I, Greco PF, Cobellis L, De Franciscis P. Liquid Biopsy in Endometriosis: A Systematic Review. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24076116. [PMID: 37047088 PMCID: PMC10094565 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24076116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2023] [Revised: 03/16/2023] [Accepted: 03/22/2023] [Indexed: 04/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite laparoscopy being a standardized option to diagnose pelvic endometriotic implants, non-invasive biomarkers are necessary to avoid the discomfort of invasive procedures. Recent evidence suggests a potential role of microRNAs (miRNAs) as feasible biomarkers for the early diagnosis of endometriosis. Following the recommendations in the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) statement, we systematically searched PubMed, EMBASE, Scopus, Cochrane Library, and Science Direct in January 2023. We provided no restriction on the country and year of publication, and considered English published articles. We selected studies including patients with endometriosis and describing miRNA regulation in the context of endometriosis. Overall, 45 studies fulfilled the inclusion criteria, and 2045 patients with endometriosis and 1587 controls were screened. Patients were analyzed concerning miRNAs expression and sources, stage of disease, and symptoms, and compared to controls. Among DEMs, the ones with the widest delta between endometriosis patients and controls-Relative Expression ≥ 4 Log2(ratio)-were miR-145, miR-191, miR-195, miR-21-5p, miR-106b-5p, miR-195-5p, miR-451a, miR-200c, miR-20a-5p, and miR-15a-5p. Although the epigenetic regulation is partially unclear, miRNAs are valid biomarkers to diagnose endometriotic lesions in symptomatic and non-symptomatic women. MiRNAs modulation should be clarified, especially during therapies or relapse, to plan targeted management protocols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlo Ronsini
- Department of Woman, Child and General and Specialized Surgery, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", 80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Pietro Fumiento
- Department of Woman, Child and General and Specialized Surgery, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", 80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Irene Iavarone
- Department of Woman, Child and General and Specialized Surgery, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", 80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Pier Francesco Greco
- Unit of Gynecologic Oncology, Department of Woman, Child and Public Health, A. Gemelli, IRCCS, University Hospital Foundation, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Luigi Cobellis
- Department of Woman, Child and General and Specialized Surgery, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", 80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Pasquale De Franciscis
- Department of Woman, Child and General and Specialized Surgery, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", 80138 Naples, Italy
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Wang H, Wei X, Zhang D, Li W, Hu Y. Lncap-AI prostate cancer cell line establishment by Flutamide and androgen-free environment to promote cell adherent. BMC Mol Cell Biol 2022; 23:51. [DOI: 10.1186/s12860-022-00453-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
To establish castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) - Lncap androgen-independent (AI) cell line from Lncap androgen-dependent (AD) cell line, and explore the different molecular biological between these two cell lines.
Methods
The Lncap-AD cell line was cultured and passaged 60 times over 16 months. The morphology of the Lncap-AI cell line was observed. AR levels identification were detected in qRT-PCR and Western Blot assay. CCK-8, EdU assay, wound healing assay and cell adhesion assays were used to observe the ability of proliferation, migration, and adhesion. SEM and TEM were used to observe microculture structure. At last, the PSA secrete ability was evaluated by Elisa assay.
Results
The Lncap-AD cell line was cultured and passaged 60 times over 16 months. The Lncap-AI cell line showed a morphologic change at the end stage of culture, the cells turned slender and cell space turned separated compared to the Lncap-AD cell line. The relative levels of AR-related genes in the Lncap-AI cell line were up-regulation compared to the Lncap-AD cell line both in mRNA and protein levels. The expression of AR and HK2 proteins were influenced and down-regulation by Enzalutamide in the Lncap-AD cell line, but no obvious difference in Lncap-AI cell lines. Lncap-AI cell line showed strong viability of proliferation, migration, and adhesion by CCK-8, EdU assay, wound healing assay, and adhesion assay. The microstructure of Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) showed many synapses in the Lncap-AI cell line and PC3 cell line, but not in the Lncap-AD cell line. At last, the PSA secrete ability was evaluated by Elisa assay, and PCa cell lines showed no significant difference.
Conclusion
Simulation of CRPC progression, Lncap-AD cell line turned to Lncap-AI cell line with androgen deprivation therapy.
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Mecocci S, Trabalza-Marinucci M, Cappelli K. Extracellular Vesicles from Animal Milk: Great Potentialities and Critical Issues. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:ani12233231. [PMID: 36496752 PMCID: PMC9740508 DOI: 10.3390/ani12233231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2022] [Revised: 10/25/2022] [Accepted: 11/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Other than representing the main source of nutrition for newborn mammals, milk delivers a sophisticated signaling system from mother to child that promotes postnatal health. The bioactive components transferred through the milk intake are important for the development of the newborn immune system and include oligosaccharides, lactoferrin, lysozyme, α-La, and immunoglobulins. In the last 15 years, a pivotal role in this mother-to-child exchange has been attributed to extracellular vesicles (EVs). EVs are micro- and nanosized structures enclosed in a phospholipidic double-layer membrane that are produced by all cell types and released in the extracellular environment, reaching both close and distant cells. EVs mediate the intercellular cross-talk from the producing to the receiving cell through the transfer of molecules contained within them such as proteins, antigens, lipids, metabolites, RNAs, and DNA fragments. The complex cargo can induce a wide range of functional modulations in the recipient cell (i.e., anti-inflammatory, immunomodulating, angiogenetic, and pro-regenerative modulations) depending on the type of producing cells and the stimuli that these cells receive. EVs can be recovered from every biological fluid, including blood, urine, bronchoalveolar lavage fluid, saliva, bile, and milk, which is one of the most promising scalable vesicle sources. This review aimed to present the state-of-the-art of animal-milk-derived EV (mEV) studies due to the exponential growth of this field. A focus on the beneficial potentialities for human health and the issues of studying vesicles from milk, particularly for the analytical methodologies applied, is reported.
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Gao Z, Hutchins Z, Li Z, Zhong W. Offline Coupling of Asymmetrical Flow Field-Flow Fractionation and Capillary Electrophoresis for Separation of Extracellular Vesicles. Anal Chem 2022; 94:14083-14091. [PMID: 36191238 PMCID: PMC9988405 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.2c03550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) play important roles in cell-to-cell communications and carry high potential as markers targeted in disease diagnosis, prognosis, and therapeutic development. The main obstacles to EV study are their high heterogeneity; low amounts present in samples; and physical similarity to the abundant, interfering matrix components. Multiple rounds of separation and purification are often needed prior to EV characterization and function assessment. Herein, we report the offline coupling of asymmetrical flow field-flow fractionation (AF4) and capillary electrophoresis (CE) for EV analysis. While AF4 provides gentle and fast EV separation by size, CE resolves EVs from contaminants with similar sizes but different surface charges. Employing Western Blotting, ELISA, and SEM, we confirmed that intact EVs were eluted within a stable time window under the optimal AF4 and CE conditions. We also proved that EVs could be resolved from free proteins and high-density lipoproteins by AF4 and be further separated from the low-density lipoproteins co-eluted in AF4. The effectiveness of the coupled AF4-CE system in EV analysis was demonstrated by monitoring the changes in EV secretion from cells and by direct injection of human serum and detection of serum EVs. We believe that coupling AF4 and CE can provide rapid EV quantification in biological samples with much reduced matrix interference and be valuable for the study of total EVs and EV subpopulations produced by cells or present in clinical samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziting Gao
- Department of Chemistry, University of California─Riverside, Riverside, California 92521, United States
| | - Zachary Hutchins
- Department of Chemistry, University of California─Riverside, Riverside, California 92521, United States
| | - Zongbo Li
- Department of Chemistry, University of California─Riverside, Riverside, California 92521, United States
| | - Wenwan Zhong
- Department of Chemistry, University of California─Riverside, Riverside, California 92521, United States
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Advances in the Biology, Detection Techniques, and Clinical Applications of Circulating Tumor Cells. JOURNAL OF ONCOLOGY 2022; 2022:7149686. [PMID: 36090904 PMCID: PMC9462976 DOI: 10.1155/2022/7149686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2022] [Revised: 07/12/2022] [Accepted: 08/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Circulating tumor cells (CTCs) play a crucial role in tumor recurrence and metastasis, and their early detection has shown remarkable benefits in clinical theranostics. However, CTCs are extremely rare, thus detecting them in the blood is very challenging. New CTC detection techniques are continuously being developed, enabling deeper analysis of CTC biology and potential clinical application. This article reviews current CTC detection techniques and their clinical application. CTCs have provided, and will continue to provide, important insights into the process of metastasis, which could lead to development of new therapies for different cancers.
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Collagen-Sealed Polyester Vascular Prostheses Functionalized by Polycatecholamine Coatings. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23169369. [PMID: 36012635 PMCID: PMC9409057 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23169369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2022] [Revised: 08/11/2022] [Accepted: 08/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Collagen-sealed polyester (PET) prostheses are commonly used in reconstructive vascular surgery due to their self-sealing properties. To prevent post-surgical infection, different modification methods have been tested but so far none have showed long-term satisfactory efficiency. For this reason, in the present study, a commercial collagen-sealed PET prosthesis was coated by a highly adhesive poly (L-DOPA) layer maintaining the sealing protein without losing the original properties and functionality. This modified (as proven by SEM, FTIR, XPS and contact angle) graft exhibited comparable wettability and elasticity as pristine commercial graft, as well as reduced hemolysis-inducing effect, lowered toxicity against human endothelial cells and reduced toxicity in Danio rerio model. Poly (L-DOPA)-coated grafts were shown to bind six times more aminoglycoside antibiotic (gentamicin) than pristine graft. Poly (L-DOPA)-coated antibiotic-bound prostheses exhibited an improved antibacterial activity (bacterial growth inhibition and anti-adhesive capacity) in comparison with pristine antibiotic-bound graft. Overall, poly (L-DOPA)-coatings deposited on PET vascular grafts can effectively functionalize collagen-sealed prostheses without the loss of protein sealing layer and allow for antibiotics incorporation to provide higher safety in biomedical applications.
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Zheng WJ, Wang PX, Sun YF, Cheng JW, Zhong YC, Xu Y, Guo W, Hu B, Zhou J, Fan J, Chen X, Yang XR. Uncovering the Heterogeneity and Clinical Relevance of Circulating Tumor-Initiating Cells in Hepatocellular Carcinoma Using an Integrated Immunomagnetic-Microfluidic Platform. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:36425-36437. [PMID: 35917454 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c09085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Circulating tumor-initiating cells (CTICs) with stem cell-like properties play pivotal roles in tumor metastasis and recurrence. However, little is known about the biology and clinical relevance of CTICs in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Here, we investigated the molecular heterogeneity and clinical relevance of CTICs in HCC using a novel integrated immunomagnetic-microfluidic platform (iMAC). We constructed the iMAC and evaluated its ability to detect CTICs using a series of spiked cell experiments. A four-channel microfluidic chip was applied to investigate the composition of CTICs in patients with primary and recurrent HCC utilizing microbeads labeled with one of four stem-related markers: epithelial cell adhesion molecule (EpCAM), CD133, CD90, and CD24. The dynamic changes of these four CTIC subsets were serially monitored during treatment courses. Finally, single-cell RNA profiling was used to reveal the molecular characteristics of the four CTIC subsets. The iMAC platform detected significantly more EpCAM+ CTICs in the blood samples from 33 HCC patients than the FDA-approved CellSearch system (0.92 ± 0.94 vs 0.23 ± 0.36, P < 0.001). The number of EpCAM+ CTICs (≥0.75/mL) detected by iMAC was a predictor of early recurrence (P = 0.007). The distinct stem-related markers' expression of CTICs could distinguish primary HCC, recurrent HCC, and TACE-resistant HCC. Single-cell transcriptional profiling proved the heterogeneity among individual CTICs and separated the four CTIC subsets into distinct phenotypes. Dissecting the heterogeneity of CTICs using the iMAC represents a novel and informative method for accurate CTIC detection and characterization. This innovative technology will enable more indepth cancer biology research and clinical cancer management than is currently available.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Jing Zheng
- Department of Liver Surgery & Transplantation, Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University; Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion, Ministry of Education, 180 Fenglin Road, Shanghai 200032, P. R. China
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Shenzhen Key Laboratory, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Regional Immunity and Diseases, International Cancer Center, Shenzhen University General Hospital, Shenzhen University Clinical Medical Academy, Shenzhen University, 1098 Xueyuan Avenue, Nanshan District, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518000, P. R. China
| | - Peng-Xiang Wang
- Department of Liver Surgery & Transplantation, Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University; Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion, Ministry of Education, 180 Fenglin Road, Shanghai 200032, P. R. China
| | - Yun-Fan Sun
- Department of Liver Surgery & Transplantation, Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University; Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion, Ministry of Education, 180 Fenglin Road, Shanghai 200032, P. R. China
| | - Jian-Wen Cheng
- Department of Liver Surgery & Transplantation, Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University; Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion, Ministry of Education, 180 Fenglin Road, Shanghai 200032, P. R. China
| | - Yu-Chen Zhong
- Department of Liver Surgery & Transplantation, Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University; Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion, Ministry of Education, 180 Fenglin Road, Shanghai 200032, P. R. China
| | - Yang Xu
- Department of Liver Surgery & Transplantation, Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University; Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion, Ministry of Education, 180 Fenglin Road, Shanghai 200032, P. R. China
| | - Wei Guo
- Department of Liver Surgery & Transplantation, Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University; Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion, Ministry of Education, 180 Fenglin Road, Shanghai 200032, P. R. China
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, P. R. China
| | - Bo Hu
- Department of Liver Surgery & Transplantation, Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University; Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion, Ministry of Education, 180 Fenglin Road, Shanghai 200032, P. R. China
| | - Jian Zhou
- Department of Liver Surgery & Transplantation, Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University; Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion, Ministry of Education, 180 Fenglin Road, Shanghai 200032, P. R. China
| | - Jia Fan
- Department of Liver Surgery & Transplantation, Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University; Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion, Ministry of Education, 180 Fenglin Road, Shanghai 200032, P. R. China
| | - Xiang Chen
- National Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Micro/Nano Fabrication, Department of Micro/Nano Electronics, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, P. R. China
| | - Xin-Rong Yang
- Department of Liver Surgery & Transplantation, Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University; Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion, Ministry of Education, 180 Fenglin Road, Shanghai 200032, P. R. China
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Wu M, Huang Y, Zhou Y, Zhao H, Lan Y, Yu Z, Jia C, Cong H, Zhao J. The Discovery of Novel Circulating Cancer-Related Cells in Circulation Poses New Challenges to Microfluidic Devices for Enrichment and Detection. SMALL METHODS 2022; 6:e2200226. [PMID: 35595707 DOI: 10.1002/smtd.202200226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2022] [Revised: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Circulating tumor cells (CTCs) enumeration has been widely used as a surrogate predictive marker for early diagnoses, the evaluation of chemotherapy efficacy, and cancer prognosis. Microfluidic technologies for CTCs enrichment and detection have been developed and commercialized as automation platforms. Currently, in addition to CTCs, some new types of circulating cancer-related cells (e.g., CCSCs, CTECs, CAMLs, and heterotypic CTC clusters) in circulation are also reported to be correlated to cancer diagnosis, metastasis, or prognosis. And they widely differ from the conventional CTCs in positive markers, cellular morphology, or size, which presents a new technological challenge to microfluidic devices that use affinity-based capture methods or size-based filtration methods for CTCs detection. This review focuses on the biological and physical properties as well as clinical significance of the novel circulating cancer-related cells, and discusses the challenges of their discovery to microfluidic chip for enrichment. Finally, the current challenges of CTCs detection in clinical application and future opportunities are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Man Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Transducer Technology, Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200050, China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Yuhang Huang
- Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, 200030, China
| | - Yang Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Transducer Technology, Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200050, China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Hui Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Transducer Technology, Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200050, China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Yuwei Lan
- State Key Laboratory of Transducer Technology, Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200050, China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Zhibin Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Transducer Technology, Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200050, China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Chunping Jia
- State Key Laboratory of Transducer Technology, Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200050, China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Hui Cong
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, China
| | - Jianlong Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Transducer Technology, Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200050, China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
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Moasser MM. Inactivating amplified HER2: challenges, dilemmas, and future directions. Cancer Res 2022; 82:2811-2820. [PMID: 35731927 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-22-1121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2022] [Revised: 05/10/2022] [Accepted: 06/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The pharmaceutical inactivation of driver oncogenes has revolutionized the treatment of cancer replacing cytotoxic chemotherapeutic approaches with kinase inhibitor therapies for many types of cancers. This approach has not yet been realized for the treatment of HER2-amplified cancers. The monotherapy activities associated with HER2-targeting antibodies and kinase inhibitors are modest, and their clinical use has been in combination with, and not in replacement of cytotoxic chemotherapies. This stands in sharp contrast to achievements in the treatment of many other oncogene-driven cancers. The mechanism-based treatment hypothesis regarding the inactivation of HER2 justifies expectations far beyond what is currently realized. Overcoming this barrier requires mechanistic insights that can fuel new directions for pursuit, but scientific investigation of this treatment hypothesis, particularly with regards to trastuzumab, has been complicated by conflicting and confusing data sets, ironclad dogma, and mechanistic conclusions that have repeatedly failed to translate clinically. We are now approaching a point of convergence regarding the challenges and resiliency in this tumor driver, and I will provide here a review and opinion to inform where we currently stand with this treatment hypothesis and where the future potential lies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark M Moasser
- University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
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11
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Campbell MR, Ruiz-Saenz A, Zhang Y, Peterson E, Steri V, Oeffinger J, Sampang M, Jura N, Moasser MM. Extensive conformational and physical plasticity protects HER2-HER3 tumorigenic signaling. Cell Rep 2022; 38:110285. [PMID: 35108526 PMCID: PMC8865943 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2021.110285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2020] [Revised: 08/30/2021] [Accepted: 12/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Surface-targeting biotherapeutic agents have been successful in treating HER2-amplified cancers through immunostimulation or chemodelivery but have failed to produce effective inhibitors of constitutive HER2-HER3 signaling. We report an extensive structure-function analysis of this tumor driver, revealing complete uncoupling of intracellular signaling and tumorigenic function from regulation or constraints from their extracellular domains (ECDs). The canonical HER3 ECD conformational changes and exposure of the dimerization interface are nonessential, and the entire ECDs of HER2 and HER3 are redundant for tumorigenic signaling. Restricting the proximation of partner ECDs with bulk and steric clash through extremely disruptive receptor engineering leaves tumorigenic signaling unperturbed. This is likely due to considerable conformational flexibilities across the span of these receptor molecules and substantial undulations in the plane of the plasma membrane, none of which had been foreseen as impediments to targeting strategies. The massive overexpression of HER2 functionally and physically uncouples intracellular signaling from extracellular constraints.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcia R Campbell
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Ana Ruiz-Saenz
- Departments of Cell Biology & Medical Oncology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Yuntian Zhang
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Elliott Peterson
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Veronica Steri
- Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Julie Oeffinger
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Maryjo Sampang
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Natalia Jura
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA; Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Mark M Moasser
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA; Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA.
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12
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Paul N, Talluri TR, Nag P, Kumaresan A. Epididymosomes: A potential male fertility influencer. Andrologia 2021; 53:e14155. [PMID: 34213814 DOI: 10.1111/and.14155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2021] [Revised: 06/02/2021] [Accepted: 06/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
During transit and storage in epididymis, spermatozoa undergo final maturation, acquire motility, functional competence and the ability to fertilise an oocyte. Epididymal secretions contain a complex biochemical milieu of diverse inorganic ions, proteins, metabolites and other molecules. Since it is believed that spermatozoa are translationally silent, proteins appearing in them are thought to be synthesised elsewhere, including epididymis, and then incorporated to the cells. One of the important mechanisms suggested to be involved in transfer of epididymal secretions to spermatozoa is through exosomes called epididymosomes. Epididymosomes released from the epididymal epithelium contain proteins, noncoding RNAs and distinct set of lipids that are transferred to spermatozoa while they pass through the different epididymal regions. Owing to the importance of these molecules for sperm maturation and fertilising ability, research on epididymosomes has gained increasing attention during the last decade. This review is focused on epididymosomes, with emphasis on recent advances in the understanding of mechanisms of epididymosomal cargo transfer to spermatozoa and potential roles of epididymosomes in sperm function and beyond. Possibilities of utilising the molecular signatures of epididymosomes as a tool for male fertility assessment are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nilendu Paul
- Theriogenology Laboratory, Southern Regional Station of ICAR-National Dairy Research Institute, Bengaluru, India
| | - Thirumala Rao Talluri
- Theriogenology Laboratory, Southern Regional Station of ICAR-National Dairy Research Institute, Bengaluru, India
| | - Pradeep Nag
- Theriogenology Laboratory, Southern Regional Station of ICAR-National Dairy Research Institute, Bengaluru, India
| | - Arumugam Kumaresan
- Theriogenology Laboratory, Southern Regional Station of ICAR-National Dairy Research Institute, Bengaluru, India
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13
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Malenica M, Vukomanović M, Kurtjak M, Masciotti V, dal Zilio S, Greco S, Lazzarino M, Krušić V, Perčić M, Jelovica Badovinac I, Wechtersbach K, Vidović I, Baričević V, Valić S, Lučin P, Kojc N, Grabušić K. Perspectives of Microscopy Methods for Morphology Characterisation of Extracellular Vesicles from Human Biofluids. Biomedicines 2021; 9:603. [PMID: 34073297 PMCID: PMC8228884 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9060603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Revised: 05/18/2021] [Accepted: 05/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are nanometric membranous structures secreted from almost every cell and present in biofluids. Because EV composition reflects the state of its parental tissue, EVs possess an enormous diagnostic/prognostic potential to reveal pathophysiological conditions. However, a prerequisite for such usage of EVs is their detailed characterisation, including visualisation which is mainly achieved by atomic force microscopy (AFM) and electron microscopy (EM). Here we summarise the EV preparation protocols for AFM and EM bringing out the main challenges in the imaging of EVs, both in their natural environment as biofluid constituents and in a saline solution after EV isolation. In addition, we discuss approaches for EV imaging and identify the potential benefits and disadvantages when different AFM and EM methods are applied, including numerous factors that influence the morphological characterisation, standardisation, or formation of artefacts. We also demonstrate the effects of some of these factors by using cerebrospinal fluid as an example of human biofluid with a simpler composition. Here presented comparison of approaches to EV imaging should help to estimate the current state in morphology research of EVs from human biofluids and to identify the most efficient pathways towards the standardisation of sample preparation and microscopy modes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mladenka Malenica
- Department of Physiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Rijeka, HR-51000 Rijeka, Croatia; (V.K.); (P.L.); (K.G.)
| | - Marija Vukomanović
- Advanced Materials Department, Jožef Stefan Institute, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; (M.V.); (M.K.)
| | - Mario Kurtjak
- Advanced Materials Department, Jožef Stefan Institute, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; (M.V.); (M.K.)
| | - Valentina Masciotti
- CNR-IOM Istituto Officina dei Materiali-Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche c/Area Scinece Park, Basovizza, I-34149 Trieste, Italy; (V.M.); (S.d.Z.); (M.L.)
| | - Simone dal Zilio
- CNR-IOM Istituto Officina dei Materiali-Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche c/Area Scinece Park, Basovizza, I-34149 Trieste, Italy; (V.M.); (S.d.Z.); (M.L.)
| | | | - Marco Lazzarino
- CNR-IOM Istituto Officina dei Materiali-Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche c/Area Scinece Park, Basovizza, I-34149 Trieste, Italy; (V.M.); (S.d.Z.); (M.L.)
| | - Vedrana Krušić
- Department of Physiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Rijeka, HR-51000 Rijeka, Croatia; (V.K.); (P.L.); (K.G.)
| | - Marko Perčić
- Faculty of Engineering, University of Rijeka, HR-51000 Rijeka, Croatia;
- Centre for Micro- and Nanosciences and Technologies, University of Rijeka, HR-51000 Rijeka, Croatia;
| | - Ivana Jelovica Badovinac
- Centre for Micro- and Nanosciences and Technologies, University of Rijeka, HR-51000 Rijeka, Croatia;
- Department of Physics, University of Rijeka, HR-51000 Rijeka, Croatia
| | - Karmen Wechtersbach
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Pathology, University of Ljubljana, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; (K.W.); (N.K.)
| | - Ivona Vidović
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Rijeka, HR-51000 Rijeka, Croatia; (I.V.); (V.B.)
| | - Vanja Baričević
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Rijeka, HR-51000 Rijeka, Croatia; (I.V.); (V.B.)
| | - Srećko Valić
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Biochemistry and Clinical Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Rijeka, HR-51000 Rijeka, Croatia;
- Division of Physical Chemistry, Ruđer Bošković Institute, HR-10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Pero Lučin
- Department of Physiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Rijeka, HR-51000 Rijeka, Croatia; (V.K.); (P.L.); (K.G.)
| | - Nika Kojc
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Pathology, University of Ljubljana, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; (K.W.); (N.K.)
| | - Kristina Grabušić
- Department of Physiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Rijeka, HR-51000 Rijeka, Croatia; (V.K.); (P.L.); (K.G.)
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14
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Role of Extracellular Vesicles in Epithelial Ovarian Cancer: A Systematic Review. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21228762. [PMID: 33228245 PMCID: PMC7699467 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21228762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2020] [Revised: 11/14/2020] [Accepted: 11/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are a heterogeneous group of cell-derived submicron vesicles released under physiological or pathological conditions. EVs mediate the cellular crosstalk, thus contributing to defining the tumor microenvironment, including in epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC). The available literature investigating the role of EVs in EOC has been reviewed following PRISMA guidelines, focusing on the role of EVs in early disease diagnosis, metastatic spread, and the development of chemoresistance in EOC. Data were identified from searches of Medline, Current Contents, PubMed, and from references in relevant articles from 2010 to 1 April 2020. The research yielded 194 results. Of these, a total of 36 papers, 9 reviews, and 27 original types of research were retained and analyzed. The literature findings demonstrate that a panel of EV-derived circulating miRNAs may be useful for early diagnosis of EOC. Furthermore, it appears clear that EVs are involved in mediating two crucial processes for metastatic and chemoresistance development: the epithelial–mesenchymal transition, and tumor escape from the immune system response. Further studies, more focused on in vivo evidence, are urgently needed to clarify the role of EV assessment in the clinical management of EOC patients.
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15
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Electrochemical Detection and Point-of-Care Testing for Circulating Tumor Cells: Current Techniques and Future Potentials. SENSORS 2020; 20:s20216073. [PMID: 33114569 PMCID: PMC7663783 DOI: 10.3390/s20216073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Revised: 10/18/2020] [Accepted: 10/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Circulating tumor cells (CTCs) are tumor cells that escaped from the primary tumor or the metastasis into the blood and they play a major role in the initiation of metastasis and tumor recurrence. Thus, it is widely accepted that CTC is the main target of liquid biopsy. In the past few decades, the separation of CTC based on the electrochemical method has attracted widespread attention due to its convenience, rapidness, low cost, high sensitivity, and no need for complex instruments and equipment. At present, CTC detection is not widely used in the clinic due to various reasons. Point-of-care CTC detection provides us with a possibility, which is sensitive, fast, cheap, and easy to operate. More importantly, the testing instrument is small and portable, and the testing does not require specialized laboratories and specialized clinical examiners. In this review, we summarized the latest developments in the electrochemical-based CTC detection and point-of-care CTC detection, and discussed the challenges and possible trends.
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16
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Photodynamic inactivation of circulating tumor cells: An innovative approach against metastatic cancer. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2020; 157:38-46. [PMID: 33059005 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2020.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2020] [Revised: 08/11/2020] [Accepted: 10/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The spread of a primary malignant tumor is the major reason for most of the cancer-associated deaths. To this day, treatment regimen and available drugs are still insufficient to manage these conditions. In this work, a new therapeutic concept based on photodynamic therapy (PDT) of metastasis-initiating cells is introduced. To address this issue, an experimental model was developed to simulate the movement and photodynamic inactivation of circulating tumor cells (CTCs) in vitro. Using curcumin loaded poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) nanoparticles, a significant reduction in the cell viability of human breast cancer cells (MDA-MB-231) could be achieved after 30 min laser irradiation (λ = 447 nm, P = 100mW) under flow conditions (5 cm s-1). Confocal laser scanning microscopy images confirmed the immediate accumulation of curcumin on the cell membrane and an increased fluorescence signal after irradiation. PDT caused time-dependent morphological cell alterations (i.e. membrane evaginations and disruption) indicating apoptosis and early necrosis. During the photoactivation of curcumin, a blue shift in the absorption spectra and a decrease in the curcumin content could be determined. This study confirms that the presented experimental model is suitable for in vitro investigations of CTCs under in vivo-like conditions, at the same time encouraging the clinical implementation of PDT as an innovative strategy against metastasis.
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17
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Rikkert LG, Beekman P, Caro J, Coumans FAW, Enciso-Martinez A, Jenster G, Le Gac S, Lee W, van Leeuwen TG, Loozen GB, Nanou A, Nieuwland R, Offerhaus HL, Otto C, Pegtel DM, Piontek MC, van der Pol E, de Rond L, Roos WH, Schasfoort RBM, Wauben MHM, Zuilhof H, Terstappen LWMM. Cancer-ID: Toward Identification of Cancer by Tumor-Derived Extracellular Vesicles in Blood. Front Oncol 2020; 10:608. [PMID: 32582525 PMCID: PMC7287034 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.00608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2020] [Accepted: 04/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) have great potential as biomarkers since their composition and concentration in biofluids are disease state dependent and their cargo can contain disease-related information. Large tumor-derived EVs (tdEVs, >1 μm) in blood from cancer patients are associated with poor outcome, and changes in their number can be used to monitor therapy effectiveness. Whereas, small tumor-derived EVs (<1 μm) are likely to outnumber their larger counterparts, thereby offering better statistical significance, identification and quantification of small tdEVs are more challenging. In the blood of cancer patients, a subpopulation of EVs originate from tumor cells, but these EVs are outnumbered by non-EV particles and EVs from other origin. In the Dutch NWO Perspectief Cancer-ID program, we developed and evaluated detection and characterization techniques to distinguish EVs from non-EV particles and other EVs. Despite low signal amplitudes, we identified characteristics of these small tdEVs that may enable the enumeration of small tdEVs and extract relevant information. The insights obtained from Cancer-ID can help to explore the full potential of tdEVs in the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- L G Rikkert
- Department of Medical Cell Biophysics, University of Twente, Enschede, Netherlands.,Laboratory of Experimental Clinical Chemistry, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands.,Vesicle Observation Center, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - P Beekman
- Department of Medical Cell Biophysics, University of Twente, Enschede, Netherlands.,Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Wageningen University, Wageningen, Netherlands.,Applied Microfluidics for Bioengineering Research, University of Twente, Enschede, Netherlands
| | - J Caro
- Department of Imaging Physics, Delft University of Technology, Delft, Netherlands
| | - F A W Coumans
- Laboratory of Experimental Clinical Chemistry, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands.,Vesicle Observation Center, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - A Enciso-Martinez
- Department of Medical Cell Biophysics, University of Twente, Enschede, Netherlands
| | - G Jenster
- Department of Urology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - S Le Gac
- Applied Microfluidics for Bioengineering Research, University of Twente, Enschede, Netherlands
| | - W Lee
- Optical Sciences Group, Department of Science and Technology, University of Twente, Enschede, Netherlands
| | - T G van Leeuwen
- Vesicle Observation Center, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands.,Biomedical Engineering and Physics, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - G B Loozen
- Department of Imaging Physics, Delft University of Technology, Delft, Netherlands
| | - A Nanou
- Department of Medical Cell Biophysics, University of Twente, Enschede, Netherlands
| | - R Nieuwland
- Laboratory of Experimental Clinical Chemistry, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands.,Vesicle Observation Center, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - H L Offerhaus
- Optical Sciences Group, Department of Science and Technology, University of Twente, Enschede, Netherlands
| | - C Otto
- Department of Medical Cell Biophysics, University of Twente, Enschede, Netherlands
| | - D M Pegtel
- Department of Pathology, Amsterdam UMC, VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - M C Piontek
- Molecular Biophysics, Zernike Institute, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - E van der Pol
- Laboratory of Experimental Clinical Chemistry, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands.,Vesicle Observation Center, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands.,Biomedical Engineering and Physics, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - L de Rond
- Laboratory of Experimental Clinical Chemistry, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands.,Vesicle Observation Center, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands.,Biomedical Engineering and Physics, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - W H Roos
- Molecular Biophysics, Zernike Institute, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - R B M Schasfoort
- Department of Medical Cell Biophysics, University of Twente, Enschede, Netherlands
| | - M H M Wauben
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - H Zuilhof
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Wageningen University, Wageningen, Netherlands.,School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
| | - L W M M Terstappen
- Department of Medical Cell Biophysics, University of Twente, Enschede, Netherlands
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18
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Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) play an important role in intercellular communication in normal cellular process and pathological conditions by facilitating the transport of cellular content from one cell to another. EVs as conveyors of various biological molecules with their ability to redirect effects on a target cell physiological function in cell type-specific manner makes EVs an excellent candidate for drug delivery vehicle in disease therapy. Moreover, unique characteristics and contents of EVs which differ depends on cellular origin and physiological state make them a valuable source of diagnostic biomarker. Herein, we review the current progress in extracellular vesicle (EV) analysis, its transition from biomedical research to advancing therapy, and recent pioneered approaches to characterize and quantify EVs' subclasses with an emphasis on the integration of advanced technologies for both qualitative and quantitative analysis of EVs in different clinical tissue/body fluid samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arada Vinaiphat
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Siu Kwan Sze
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore.
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19
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Extracellular Vesicles as Signaling Mediators and Disease Biomarkers across Biological Barriers. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21072514. [PMID: 32260425 PMCID: PMC7178048 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21072514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2020] [Revised: 03/20/2020] [Accepted: 03/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles act as shuttle vectors or signal transducers that can deliver specific biological information and have progressively emerged as key regulators of organized communities of cells within multicellular organisms in health and disease. Here, we survey the evolutionary origin, general characteristics, and biological significance of extracellular vesicles as mediators of intercellular signaling, discuss the various subtypes of extracellular vesicles thus far described and the principal methodological approaches to their study, and review the role of extracellular vesicles in tumorigenesis, immunity, non-synaptic neural communication, vascular-neural communication through the blood-brain barrier, renal pathophysiology, and embryo-fetal/maternal communication through the placenta.
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20
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Yang Y, Zhai C, Zeng Q, Khan AL, Yu H. Multifunctional Detection of Extracellular Vesicles with Surface Plasmon Resonance Microscopy. Anal Chem 2020; 92:4884-4890. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.9b04622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yuting Yang
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Institute for Personalized Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200030, China
| | - Chunhui Zhai
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Institute for Personalized Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200030, China
| | - Qiang Zeng
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Institute for Personalized Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200030, China
| | - Ab Lateef Khan
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Institute for Personalized Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200030, China
| | - Hui Yu
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Institute for Personalized Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200030, China
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21
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Tumour-derived extracellular vesicles in blood of metastatic cancer patients associate with overall survival. Br J Cancer 2020; 122:801-811. [PMID: 31937922 PMCID: PMC7078322 DOI: 10.1038/s41416-019-0726-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2019] [Revised: 12/17/2019] [Accepted: 12/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Circulating tumour cells (CTCs) in blood associate with overall survival (OS) of cancer patients, but they are detected in extremely low numbers. Large tumour-derived extracellular vesicles (tdEVs) in castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) patients are present at around 20 times higher frequencies than CTCs and have equivalent prognostic power. In this study, we explored the presence of tdEVs in other cancers and their association with OS. METHODS The open-source ACCEPT software was used to automatically enumerate tdEVs in digitally stored CellSearch® images obtained from previously reported CTC studies evaluating OS in 190 CRPC, 450 metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC), 179 metastatic breast cancer (MBC) and 137 non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients before the initiation of a new treatment. RESULTS Presence of unfavourable CTCs and tdEVs is predictive of OS, with respective hazard ratios (HRs) of 2.4 and 2.2 in CRPC, 2.7 and 2.2 in MBC, 2.3 and 1.9 in mCRC and 2.0 and 2.4 in NSCLC, respectively. CONCLUSIONS tdEVs have equivalent prognostic value as CTCs in the investigated metastatic cancers. CRPC, mCRC, and MBC (but not NSCLC) patients with favourable CTC counts can be further prognostically stratified using tdEVs. Our data suggest that tdEVs could be used in clinical decision-making.
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22
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Nawn D, Chatterjee S, Anura A, Bag S, Chakraborty D, Pal M, Paul RR, Chatterjee J. Elucidation of Differential Nano-Textural Attributes for Normal Oral Mucosa and Pre-Cancer. MICROSCOPY AND MICROANALYSIS : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF MICROSCOPY SOCIETY OF AMERICA, MICROBEAM ANALYSIS SOCIETY, MICROSCOPICAL SOCIETY OF CANADA 2019; 25:1224-1233. [PMID: 31526400 DOI: 10.1017/s1431927619014867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Computational analysis on altered micro-nano-textural attributes of the oral mucosa may provide precise diagnostic information about oral potentially malignant disorders (OPMDs) instead of an existing handful of qualitative reports. This study evaluated micro-nano-textural features of oral epithelium from scanning electron microscopic (SEM) images and the sub-epithelial connective tissue from light microscopic (LM) and atomic force microscopic (AFM) images for normal and OPMD (namely oral sub-mucous fibrosis, i.e., OSF). Objective textural descriptors, namely discrete wavelet transform, gray-level co-occurrence matrix (GLCM), and local binary pattern (LBP), were extracted and fed to standard classifiers. Best classification accuracy of 87.28 and 93.21%; sensitivity of 93 and 96%; specificity of 80 and 91% were achieved, respectively, for SEM and AFM. In the study groups, SEM analysis showed a significant (p < 0.01) variation for all the considered textural descriptors, while for AFM, a remarkable alteration (p < 0.01) was only found in GLCM and LBP. Interestingly, sub-epithelial collagen nanoscale and microscale textural information from AFM and LM images, respectively, were complementary, namely microlevel contrast was more in normal (0.251) than OSF (0.193), while nanolevel contrast was more in OSF (0.283) than normal (0.204). This work, thus, illustrated differential micro-nano-textural attributes for oral epithelium and sub-epithelium to distinguish OPMD precisely and may be contributory in early cancer diagnostics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debaleena Nawn
- Advanced Technology Development Centre, Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur 721302, West Bengal, India
| | - Saunak Chatterjee
- School of Medical Science and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur 721302, West Bengal, India
| | - Anji Anura
- School of Medical Science and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur 721302, West Bengal, India
| | - Swarnendu Bag
- Tata Medical Center, Kolkata 700160, West Bengal, India
| | - Debjani Chakraborty
- Department of Mathematics, Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur 721302, West Bengal, India
| | - Mousumi Pal
- Guru Nanak Institute of Dental Sciences and Research, Kolkata 700114, West Bengal, India
| | - Ranjan Rashmi Paul
- Guru Nanak Institute of Dental Sciences and Research, Kolkata 700114, West Bengal, India
| | - Jyotirmoy Chatterjee
- School of Medical Science and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur 721302, West Bengal, India
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23
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Leukocyte-Derived Extracellular Vesicles in Blood with and without EpCAM Enrichment. Cells 2019; 8:cells8080937. [PMID: 31434250 PMCID: PMC6721753 DOI: 10.3390/cells8080937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2019] [Revised: 08/07/2019] [Accepted: 08/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Large tumor-derived Extracellular Vesicles (tdEVs) detected in blood of metastatic prostate, breast, colorectal, and non-small cell lung cancer patients after enrichment for Epithelial Cell Adhesion Molecule (EpCAM) expression and labeling with 4',6-diamidino-2-phenylindole (DAPI), phycoerythrin-conjugated antibodies against Cytokeratins (CK-PE), and allophycocyanin-conjugated antibody against the cluster of differentiation 45 (CD45-APC), are negatively associated with the overall survival of patients. Here, we investigated whether, similarly to tdEVs, leukocyte-derived EVs (ldEVs) could also be detected in EpCAM-enriched blood. Presence of ldEVs and leukocytes in image data sets of EpCAM-enriched samples of 25 healthy individuals and 75 metastatic cancer patients was evaluated using the ACCEPT software. Large ldEVs could indeed be detected, but in contrast to the 20-fold higher frequency of tdEVs as compared to Circulating Tumor Cells (CTCs), ldEVs were present in a 5-fold lower frequency as compared to leukocytes. To evaluate whether these ldEVs pre-exist in the blood or are formed during the CellSearch procedure, the blood of healthy individuals without EpCAM enrichment was labelled with the nuclear dye Hoechst and fluorescently tagged monoclonal antibodies recognizing the leukocyte-specific CD45, platelet-specific CD61, and red blood cell-specific CD235a. Fluorescence microscopy imaging using a similar setup as the CellSearch was performed and demonstrated the presence of a similar population of ldEVs present at a 3-fold lower frequency as compared to leukocytes.
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24
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Hartjes TA, Mytnyk S, Jenster GW, van Steijn V, van Royen ME. Extracellular Vesicle Quantification and Characterization: Common Methods and Emerging Approaches. Bioengineering (Basel) 2019; 6:bioengineering6010007. [PMID: 30654439 PMCID: PMC6466085 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering6010007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 183] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2018] [Revised: 01/14/2019] [Accepted: 01/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are a family of small membrane vesicles that carry information about cells by which they are secreted. Growing interest in the role of EVs in intercellular communication, but also in using their diagnostic, prognostic and therapeutic potential in (bio) medical applications, demands for accurate assessment of their biochemical and physical properties. In this review, we provide an overview of available technologies for EV analysis by describing their working principles, assessing their utility in EV research and summarising their potential and limitations. To emphasise the innovations in EV analysis, we also highlight the unique possibilities of emerging technologies with high potential for further development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas A Hartjes
- Department of Pathology, Erasmus Optical Imaging Centre, Erasmus MC, 3015 GE Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Serhii Mytnyk
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Delft University of Technology, 3015 CD Delft, The Netherlands.
| | - Guido W Jenster
- Department of Urology, Erasmus MC, 3015 CD Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Volkert van Steijn
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Delft University of Technology, 3015 CD Delft, The Netherlands.
| | - Martin E van Royen
- Department of Pathology, Erasmus Optical Imaging Centre, Erasmus MC, 3015 GE Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
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Twomey JD, Zhang B. Circulating Tumor Cells Develop Resistance to TRAIL-Induced Apoptosis Through Autophagic Removal of Death Receptor 5: Evidence from an In Vitro Model. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:cancers11010094. [PMID: 30650534 PMCID: PMC6356356 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11010094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2018] [Revised: 01/08/2019] [Accepted: 01/08/2019] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Circulating tumor cells (CTCs) in the peripheral blood are the precursors to distant metastasis but the underlying mechanisms are poorly understood. This study aims at understanding the molecular features within CTCs, in relation to their metastatic potential. Using in vitro CTC models, in which breast cancer cell lines were cultured in non-adherent conditions simulating the microenvironment in the blood stream, we found that the suspension culture resulted in resistance to TNF-related apoptosis inducing ligand (TRAIL)-mediated cell death. Such a resistance was directly correlated with a reduction in surface and total levels of DR5 protein. In the non-adherent state, the cells underwent a rapid autophagic flux, characterized by an accumulation of autophagosome organelles. Notably, DR5 was translocated to the autophagosomes and underwent a lysosomal degradation. Our data suggest that CTCs may evade the TNF cytokine-mediated immune surveillance through a downregulation of the death receptor (DR) expression. The data warrants further studies in cancer patients to find the status of DRs and other molecular features within primary CTCs, in relation to disease progression or chemoresistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julianne D Twomey
- Office of Biotechnology Products, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD 20993, USA.
| | - Baolin Zhang
- Office of Biotechnology Products, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD 20993, USA.
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