1
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Wang Y, Dang H, Qiao H, Tian Y, Guan Q. PDP1 promotes the progression of breast cancer through STAT3 pathway. Cell Biochem Funct 2024; 42:e3994. [PMID: 38566355 DOI: 10.1002/cbf.3994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2023] [Revised: 02/27/2024] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the expression pattern and mechanisms of Pyruvate Dehydrogenase Phosphatase Catalytic Subunit 1 (PDP1) in the progression of breast cancer (BC). PDP1, known for its involvement in cell energy metabolism, was found to be overexpressed in BC tissues. Notably, low PDP1 expression aligns with improved overall survival (OS) in BC patients. In this study, we found that PDP1 was overexpressed among BC tissues and low PDP1 expression showed a better prognosis for the patients with BC. PDP1 knockdown suppressed cell amplification and migration and triggered cell apoptosis in BC cells. In vivo assessments through a xenograft model unveiled the pivotal role and underlying mechanisms of PDP1 knockdown. RNA sequencing and kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes analysis of RNAs from PDP1 knockdown and normal MCF7 cells revealed 1440 differentially expressed genes, spotlighting the involvement of the JAK/STAT3 signaling pathway in BC progression. Western blot results implied that PDP1 knockdown led to a loss of p-STAT3, whereas overexpression of PDP1 induced the p-STAT3 expression. Cell counting kit-8 assay showed that PDP1 overexpression significantly raised MDA-MB-231 and MCF7 cell viability while STAT3 inhibitor S3I-201 recovered the cell growth to normal level. To summarize, PDP1 promotes the progression of BC through STAT3 pathway by regulating p-STAT3. The findings contribute to understanding the molecular mechanisms underlying BC progression, and opening avenues for targeted therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yufeng Wang
- Department of the First Clinical Medical College, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
- Department of Oncology, Tumor Hospital of Gansu Province, Lanzhou, China
| | - Huifen Dang
- Department of Oncology, Tumor Hospital of Gansu Province, Lanzhou, China
| | - Hui Qiao
- Department of Oncology Surgery, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Yinxia Tian
- Department of Oncology, Tumor Hospital of Gansu Province, Lanzhou, China
| | - Quanlin Guan
- Department of Oncology Surgery, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
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2
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Yu X, Zhu L. Nanoparticles for the Treatment of Bone Metastasis in Breast Cancer: Recent Advances and Challenges. Int J Nanomedicine 2024; 19:1867-1886. [PMID: 38414525 PMCID: PMC10898486 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s442768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2023] [Accepted: 02/15/2024] [Indexed: 02/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Although the frequency of bone metastases from breast cancer has increased, effective treatment is lacking, prompting the development of nanomedicine, which involves the use of nanotechnology for disease diagnosis and treatment. Nanocarrier drug delivery systems offer several advantages over traditional drug delivery methods, such as higher reliability and biological activity, improved penetration and retention, and precise targeting and delivery. Various nanoparticles that can selectively target tumor cells without causing harm to healthy cells or organs have been synthesized. Recent advances in nanotechnology have enabled the diagnosis and prevention of metastatic diseases as well as the ability to deliver complex molecular "cargo" particles to metastatic regions. Nanoparticles can modulate systemic biodistribution and enable the targeted accumulation of therapeutic agents. Several delivery strategies are used to treat bone metastases, including untargeted delivery, bone-targeted delivery, and cancer cell-targeted delivery. Combining targeted agents with nanoparticles enhances the selective delivery of payloads to breast cancer bone metastatic lesions, providing multiple delivery advantages for treatment. In this review, we describe recent advances in nanoparticle development for treating breast cancer bone metastases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianzhe Yu
- Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Center & Lung Cancer Center/Lung Cancer Institute, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, People's Republic of China
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Chengdu Second People's Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Lingling Zhu
- Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Center & Lung Cancer Center/Lung Cancer Institute, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, People's Republic of China
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3
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Sun X, Zhang Q, Kadier K, Hu P, Liu X, Liu J, Yan Y, Sun C, Yau V, Lowe S, Meng M, Liu Z, Zhou M. Association between diabetes status and breast cancer in US adults: findings from the US National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1059303. [PMID: 37415670 PMCID: PMC10321597 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1059303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2023] [Indexed: 07/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives The aim of this study was to investigate the association between diabetes status and the risk of breast cancer among adult Americans, exploring the impact of BMI, age, and race on this relationship. Methods A cross-sectional analysis of 8,249 individuals from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) was conducted. Diabetes was categorized as type 2 diabetes and prediabetes, with both conditions diagnosed according to the ADA 2014 guidelines. The association between diabetes status and breast cancer risk was explored using multiple logistic regression analysis. Results Patients with diabetes had higher odds of breast cancer (OR: 1.51; 95% CI 1.00 to 2.28), Using the two-piecewise linear regression model, it was observed that there is a threshold effect in the risk of breast cancer occurrence at the age of 52 years. Specifically, the risk of breast cancer is relatively low before the age of 52 but increases significantly after this age. Conclusions This study identified a significant association between diabetes status and breast cancer risk among adult Americans. We also found a threshold effect in breast cancer occurrence at the age of 52. Age was significantly associated with breast cancer risk in both Non-Hispanic White and Non-Hispanic Black individuals. These findings underscore the importance of diabetes management, maintaining a healthy BMI, and age-related risk considerations in reducing breast cancer risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingyu Sun
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Department of Gynecology, The Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Qiangsong Zhang
- Emergency Department, East China Hospital affiliated to Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Kaisaierjiang Kadier
- Department of Cardiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Ürümqi, China
| | - Pengcheng Hu
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xiaozhu Liu
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jialing Liu
- Department of Phase I Clinical Trial Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yulu Yan
- Clinical Medical School, the Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Chenyu Sun
- Department of General Surgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
- Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Vicky Yau
- Division of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, United States
| | - Scott Lowe
- College of Osteopathic Medicine, Kansas City University, Kansas City, MO, United States
| | - Muzi Meng
- UK Program Site, American University of the Caribbean School of Medicine, Preston, United Kingdom
- Bronxcare Health System, The Bronx, NY, United States
| | - Ziru Liu
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Meirong Zhou
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
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4
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Allahyari E, Velaei K, Sanaat Z, Jalilzadeh N, Mehdizadeh A, Rahmati M. RNA interference: Promising approach for breast cancer diagnosis and treatment. Cell Biol Int 2022; 47:833-847. [PMID: 36571107 DOI: 10.1002/cbin.11979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2022] [Revised: 10/15/2022] [Accepted: 12/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Today, cancer is one of the main health-related challenges, and in the meantime, breast cancer (BC) is one of the most common cancers among women, with an alarming number of incidences and deaths every year. For this reason, the discovery of novel and more effective approaches for the diagnosis, treatment, and monitoring of the disease are very important. In this regard, scientists are looking for diagnostic molecules to achieve the above-mentioned goals with higher accuracy and specificity. RNA interference (RNAi) is a posttranslational regulatory process mediated by microRNA intervention and small interfering RNAs. After transcription and edition, these two noncoding RNAs are integrated and activated with the RNA-induced silencing complex (RISC) and AGO2 to connect the target mRNA by their complementary sequence and suppress their translation, thus reducing the expression of their target genes. These two RNAi categories show different patterns in different BC types and stages compared to healthy cells, and hence, these molecules have high diagnostic, monitoring, and therapeutic potentials. This article aims to review the RNAi pathway and diagnostic and therapeutic potentials with a special focus on BC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elham Allahyari
- Drug Applied Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.,Department of Biochemistry and Clinical Laboratories, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Kobra Velaei
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.,Department of Anatomical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical, Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Zohreh Sanaat
- Hematology and Oncology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Nazila Jalilzadeh
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.,Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Natural Science, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Amir Mehdizadeh
- Hematology and Oncology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mohammad Rahmati
- Drug Applied Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.,Department of Biochemistry and Clinical Laboratories, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
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5
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Sadeghi S, Homayouni Tabrizi M, Farhadi A. Folic acid-Chitosan Coated Stylosin Nanostructured Lipid Carriers: Fabrication, In Vitro-In Vivo Assessment in Breast Malignant Cells. JOURNAL OF BIOMATERIALS SCIENCE, POLYMER EDITION 2022; 34:791-809. [PMID: 36345914 DOI: 10.1080/09205063.2022.2145868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Synthesis of targeted nanostructure lipid carriers for stylosin (STY-CFN-NPs) delivery to MCF-7 cells. STY-CFN-NPs were formulated via the homogenization and ultra-sonication technique. After evaluating the amount of drug encapsulation and FA binding, the toxicity effect of the STY and STY-CFN-NPs on MCF-7 cells was measured by the MTT method. Cell cycle analysis, AO/PI staining and qPCR to assess the inducing of apoptosis as well as Tubo cancer cell inoculated mouse model for antitumor properties of STY-CFN-NPs were used. Significant increases in nanoparticle size and changes in zeta potential were observed after FA-CS coating on nanoparticles. Slow release of the STY within 144 h as well as the acceptable rate for STY encapsulation efficiency (92.4% and FA binding (52.5%) to the STY-CFN-NPs (PS: 66.26 ± 3.02 nm, ZP: 29.54 ± 1.01 mV and PDI: 0.32 ± 0.01) was reported. STY-CFN-NPs exhibited higher toxicity compared to STY suspension and treatment with STY-CFN-NPs was lead to increased apoptotic cells, stopped cells in the SubG1 phase, and also increased caspase and BAX expression and decreased BCL-2 and BCL-XL expression in in vitro and decreased the size of murine tumors (54.57% in 16 days) in in vivo. The results showed STY-CFN-NPs have good potential for breast cancer management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soroush Sadeghi
- Department of Biology, Mashhad Branch, Islamic Azad University, Mashhad, Iran
| | | | - Amin Farhadi
- Department of Biology, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
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6
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PEGylated Strontium Sulfite Nanoparticles with Spontaneously Formed Surface-Embedded Protein Corona Restrict Off-Target Distribution and Accelerate Breast Tumour-Selective Delivery of siRNA. J Funct Biomater 2022; 13:jfb13040211. [PMID: 36412852 PMCID: PMC9680366 DOI: 10.3390/jfb13040211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2022] [Revised: 10/26/2022] [Accepted: 10/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
As transporters of RNAi therapeutics in preclinical and clinical studies, the application of nanoparticles is often hindered by their susceptibility to opsonin-mediated clearance, poor biological stability, ineffectual targeting, and undesirable effects on healthy cells. Prolonging the blood circulation time while minimizing the off-target distribution and associated toxicity is indispensable for the establishment of a clinically viable delivery system for therapeutic small interfering RNAs (siRNAs). Herein, we report a scalable and straightforward approach to fabricate non-toxic and biodegradable pH-responsive strontium sulfite nanoparticles (SSNs) wrapped with a hydrophilic coating material, biotinylated PEG to lessen unforeseen biological interactions. Surface functionalization of SSNs with PEG led to the generation of small and uniformly distributed particles with a significant affinity towards siRNAs and augmented internalization into breast cancer cells. A triple quadrupole liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) was deployed to identify the proteins entrapped onto the SSNs, with the help of SwissProt.Mus_musculus database. The results demonstrated the reduction of opsonin proteins adsorption owing to the stealth effect of PEG. The distribution of PEGylated SSNs in mice after 4 h and 24 h of intravenous administration in breast tumour-bearing mice was found to be significantly less to the organs of the reticuloendothelial system (RES) and augmented accumulation in the tumour region. The anti-EGFR siRNA-loaded PEG-SSNs exerted a significant inhibitory effect on tumour development in the murine breast cancer model without any significant toxicity to healthy tissues. Therefore, PEGylated SSNs open up a new avenue for tumour-selective efficient delivery of siRNAs in managing breast cancer.
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7
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Zhang M, Zheng J, Guo J, Zhang Q, Du J, Zhao X, Wang Z, Liao Q. SIA-IgG confers poor prognosis and represents a novel therapeutic target in breast cancer. Bioengineered 2022; 13:10072-10087. [PMID: 35473571 PMCID: PMC9208471 DOI: 10.1080/21655979.2022.2063593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
Abstract
The incidence rate of breast cancer is the highest in the world, and major problem in the clinical treatment is the therapy resistance of breast cancer stem cells (CSCs). Thus, new therapeutic approaches targeting breast CSCs are needed. Our previous study demonstrated cancer-derived sialylated IgG (SIA-IgG) is highly expressed in cancer cells with stem/progenitor features. Furthermore, a high frequency of SIA-IgG in breast cancer tissue predicted metastasis and correlated with poor prognosis factors, and depletion of IgG in breast cancer leads to lower malignancy of cancer cells, suggesting SIA-IgG could be a potential therapeutic target in breast cancer. In this study, we first investigated the relationship of SIA-IgG expression with the clinicopathological characteristics and clinical prognosis of breast carcinoma patients, and the data confirmed that the expression of SIA-IgG confers poor prognosis in breast cancer. Successively, by using a monoclonal antibody specifically against SIA-IgG, we targeted SIA-IgG on the surface of MDA-MB-231 cells and detected their functional changes, and the results suggested SIA-IgG to be a promising antibody therapeutic target in breast cancer. In addition, we explored the mechanism of action at the molecular level of SIA-IgG on breast cancer cell, the findings suggest that SIA-IgG promotes proliferation, metastasis, and invasion of breast cancer cells through the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway. Developing therapeutic antibody needs effective therapeutic target, and the antibody should better be a monoclonal antibody with high affinity and high specificity. This study provides a potential prognostic marker and a novel therapeutic target for breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Man Zhang
- Department of Immunology, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, Guangxi province, China
| | - Jinhua Zheng
- Department of Pathology, Guilin Medical University Affiliated Hospital, Guilin, Guangxi province, China
| | - Junying Guo
- Department of Immunology, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, Guangxi province, China
| | - Qiujin Zhang
- Department of Immunology, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, Guangxi province, China
| | - Juan Du
- Department of Immunology, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, Guangxi province, China
| | - Xiangfeng Zhao
- Department of Immunology, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, Guangxi province, China
| | - Zhihua Wang
- Department of Immunology, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, Guangxi province, China
| | - Qinyuan Liao
- Department of Immunology, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, Guangxi province, China
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8
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Zafar A, Alruwaili NK, Imam SS, Alsaidan OA, Yasir M, Ghoneim MM, Alshehri S, Anwer MK, Almurshedi AS, Alanazi AS. Development and evaluation of luteolin loaded pegylated bilosome: optimization, in vitro characterization, and cytotoxicity study. Drug Deliv 2021; 28:2562-2573. [PMID: 34866534 PMCID: PMC8654410 DOI: 10.1080/10717544.2021.2008055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The present research was aimed to develop luteolin (LL) loaded pegylated bilosomes (PG-BLs) for oral delivery. The luteolin bilosomes (BLs) were prepared by the thin-film hydration method and further optimized by the Box-Behnken design (four-factors at three-levels). The prepared LL-BLs were evaluated for vesicle size (VS), PDI, zeta potential (ZP), and entrapment efficiency to select the optimized formulation. The optimized formulation was further assessed for surface morphology, drug release, gut permeation, antioxidant, and antimicrobial study. The cytotoxicity study was conducted on breast cancer cell lines (MDA-MB-231 and MCF7). The optimized formulation LL-PG-BLs-opt exhibited a VS of 252.24 ± 3.54 nm, PDI of 0.24, ZP of -32 mV with an encapsulation efficiency of 75.05 ± 0.65%. TEM study revealed spherical shape vesicles without aggregation. The DSC and XRD results revealed that LL was encapsulated into a PG-BLs matrix. LL-PG-BLs-opt exhibited a biphasic release pattern as well as significantly high permeation (p<.05) was achieved vis-a-vis LL-BL-opt and LL dispersion. The antioxidant activity result revealed 70.31 ± 3.22%, 83.76 ± 2.56%, and 96.87 ± 2.11% from LL-dispersion, LL-BLs-opt, and LL-PG-BLs-opt, respectively. Furthermore, LL-PG-BLs-opt exhibited high cell viability on both cell lines than LL-BL-opt and pure LL. The IC50 value was found to be 390 µM and 510 µM against MCF7 and MDA-MB-231 cancer cells, respectively. The antimicrobial activity result exhibited LL-PG-BLs-opt had better antibacterial activity than pure LL against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli. Hence, PG-BLs might provide an efficient nano oral delivery for the management of the different diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ameeduzzafar Zafar
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Jouf University, Sakaka, Al-Jouf, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nabil K Alruwaili
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Jouf University, Sakaka, Al-Jouf, Saudi Arabia
| | - Syed Sarim Imam
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Omar Awad Alsaidan
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Jouf University, Sakaka, Al-Jouf, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohd Yasir
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Health Sciences, Arsi University, Asella, Ethiopia
| | - Mohammed M Ghoneim
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, College of Pharmacy, AlMaarefa University, Ad Diriyah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sultan Alshehri
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Md Khalid Anwer
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al-kharj, Saudi Arabia
| | - Alanood S Almurshedi
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdullah S Alanazi
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Jouf University, Sakaka, Al-Jouf, Saudi Arabia.,Health Sciences Research Unit, Jouf University, Sakaka, Al-Jouf, Saudi Arabia
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9
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Su Y, Zheng X, Ouyang Z. The Relationship between Time to Surgery (TTS) and Survival in Breast Cancer: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 50:1773-1782. [PMID: 34722372 PMCID: PMC8542807 DOI: 10.18502/ijph.v50i9.7048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2021] [Accepted: 03/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Background: Curative operation is the practical and primary therapy for masses of breast cancers. In contrast, the correlation between the time interval from breast cancer diagnosis to curative surgery and survival is still uncertain. Methods: An electronic literature search was conducted on PubMed/Medline and EMBASE (between Jan 2000 and Jan 2020). Primary endpoints were overall survival (OS) or Disease-Free Survival (DFS). The HR with 95% confidence intervals were calculated using a random-effects or fixed-effects model. Results: The combined HR for OS was 1. 10 (95% CI 1. 08–1. 11; P=0. 000) by fixed-effects model, no statistically significant heterogeneity was found (P=1. 000; I2=0%), and this difference was statistically significant (Z=11. 99; P=0. 000). Conclusion: This meta-analysis showed a significant adverse association between more prolonged time to surgery (TTS) and lower overall survival in patients with breast cancer. It is reasonable to minimize that interval between diagnosis and curative surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongcheng Su
- Department of Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen Fujian 361003, China
| | - Xiaogang Zheng
- Department of Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen Fujian 361003, China
| | - Zhong Ouyang
- Department of Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen Fujian 361003, China
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10
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Yamunadevi A, Pratibha R, Rajmohan M, Mahendraperumal S, Ganapathy N. Basics of Epigenetics and Role of Epigenetics in Diabetic Complications. JOURNAL OF PHARMACY AND BIOALLIED SCIENCES 2021; 13:S336-S343. [PMID: 34447105 PMCID: PMC8375876 DOI: 10.4103/jpbs.jpbs_771_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2020] [Accepted: 12/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The term “Epigenetics” includes mechanisms by which genetic expression is altered without a change in the underlying DNA sequence. The changes caused by epigenetic mechanisms are inheritable and are one way in direction (irreversible) and also explains why there is differences in genetic expressions of monozygotic twins. The epigenetic mechanisms alter the genetic expressions through DNA methylation, posttranslational modifications (PTMs) of histone, and noncoding RNAs. DNA methylation and histone PTMs cause relaxation or condensation of chromatin units. The epigenetic actions of noncoding RNAs such as microRNAs, small nucleolar RNAs, small interfering RNAs, and long noncoding RNAs act by modifying transcription factors or by degrading target messenger RNAs and their translation factors. Various pathologies and environmental factors cause changes in the cellular epigenetic mechanisms and the epigenetic alterations occurring in diabetes mellitus (DM) are reviewed. DM causes hemodynamic changes and metabolic changes like hyperglycemia and dyslipidemia. These changes induce oxidative stress and activate intracellular signaling and kinases in the target cells. Epigenetic alterations cause chromatin remodeling and altered gene expression leading to inflammation, proliferation, atrophy, hypertrophy, etc.; thereby, diabetic complications such as neuropathy, nephropathy, vasculitis result in the corresponding target organ. When these epigenetic alterations persist for a longer period without intervention, the target cells attain “metabolic memory” meaning that these epigenetic mutations cannot be reversed even after attaining normal blood glucose levels. Thus, epigenetics, an insightful and efficient tool in genomic research, has started crawling into the research arena and needs to reach leaps and bounds for the better understanding of health and diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andamuthu Yamunadevi
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, Vivekanandha Dental College for Women, Namakkal, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Ramani Pratibha
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, Saveetha Dental College, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Muthusamy Rajmohan
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, KSR Institute of Dental Science and Research, Namakkal, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Sengottaiyan Mahendraperumal
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, KSR Institute of Dental Science and Research, Namakkal, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Nalliappan Ganapathy
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, Vivekanandha Dental College for Women, Namakkal, Tamil Nadu, India
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11
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Molecular epigenetic dynamics in breast carcinogenesis. Arch Pharm Res 2021; 44:741-763. [PMID: 34392501 DOI: 10.1007/s12272-021-01348-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2021] [Accepted: 08/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Breast cancer has become one of the most common dreadful diseases that target women across the globe. The most obvious reasons we associate with it are either genetic mutations or dysregulation of pathways. However, there is yet another domain that has a significant role in influencing the genetic mutations and pathways. Epigenetic mechanisms influence these pathways either independently or in association with genetic mutations, thereby expediting the process of breast carcinogenesis. Breast cancer is governed by various transduction pathways such as PI3K/AKT/mTOR, NOTCH, β Catenin, NF-kB, Hedgehog, etc. There are many proteins as well that serve to be tumor suppressors but somehow lose their ability to function. This may be because of either genetic mutation or a process that represses their function. Apart from these, there are a lot of individual factors like puberty, breastfeeding, abortion, parity, circadian rhythm, alcohol consumption, pollutants, and obesity that drive these mutations and hence alter the pathways. Epigenetic mechanisms like DNA methylation, histone modifications, and lncRNAs directly or indirectly bring alterations in the proteins that are involved in the pathways. They do this by either promoting the transcription of genes or by repressing it at the ground genetic level that advances breast carcinogenesis. Epigenetics precedes genetic mutation in driving carcinogenesis and so, it needs to be explored further to diversify the possibilities of target specific treatments. In this review, the general role of DNA methylation, histone modification, and lncRNAs in breast cancer and their role in influencing the oncogenic signaling pathways along with the various factors governing them have been discussed for a better understanding of the role of epigenetics in breast carcinogenesis.
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12
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Zhukova OV, Arkhipova EV, Kovaleva TF, Ryabov SA, Ivanova IP, Golovacheva AA, Zykova DA, Zaitsev SD. Immunopharmacological Properties of Methacrylic Acid Polymers as Potential Polymeric Carrier Constituents of Anticancer Drugs. Molecules 2021; 26:4855. [PMID: 34443443 PMCID: PMC8402103 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26164855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2021] [Revised: 08/02/2021] [Accepted: 08/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Cytostatic chemotherapeutics provide a classical means to treat cancer, but conventional treatments have not increased in efficacy in the past years, warranting a search for new approaches to therapy. The aim of the study was, therefore, to obtain methacrylic acid (MAA) (co)polymers and to study their immunopharmacological properties. 4-Cyano-4-[(dodecylsulfanylthiocarbonyl)sulfanyl] pentanoic acid (CDSPA) and 2-cyano-2-propyl dodecyl trithiocarbonate (CPDT) were used as reversible chain transfer agents. Experiments were carried out in Wistar rats. The MTT assay was used to evaluate the cytotoxic effect of the polymeric systems on peritoneal macrophages. An experimental tumor model was obtained by grafting RMK-1 breast cancer cells. Serum cytokine levels of tumor-bearing rats were analyzed. The chain transfer agents employed in classical radical polymerization substantially reduced the molecular weight of the resulting polymers, but a narrow molecular weight distribution was achieved only with CDSPA and high CPDT concentrations. Toxicity was not observed when incubating peritoneal macrophages with polymeric systems. In tumor-bearing rats, the IL-10 concentration was 1.7 times higher and the IL-17 concentration was less than half that of intact rats. Polymeric systems decreased the IL-10 concentration and normalized the IL-17 concentration in tumor-bearing rats. The maximum effect was observed for a MAA homopolymer with a high molecular weight. The anion-active polymers proposed as carrier constituents are promising for further studies and designs of carrier constituents of drug derivatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga V. Zhukova
- Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education, Privolzhsky Research Medical University of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, 603950 Nizhny Novgorod, Russia; (E.V.A.); (T.F.K.); (D.A.Z.)
| | - Evgenia V. Arkhipova
- Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education, Privolzhsky Research Medical University of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, 603950 Nizhny Novgorod, Russia; (E.V.A.); (T.F.K.); (D.A.Z.)
| | - Tatyana F. Kovaleva
- Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education, Privolzhsky Research Medical University of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, 603950 Nizhny Novgorod, Russia; (E.V.A.); (T.F.K.); (D.A.Z.)
| | - Sergey A. Ryabov
- Department of High-Molecular Compounds and Colloid Chemistry, National Research Lobachevsky State University, 603022 Nizhny Novgorod, Russia; (S.A.R.); (I.P.I.); (A.A.G.); (S.D.Z.)
| | - Irina. P. Ivanova
- Department of High-Molecular Compounds and Colloid Chemistry, National Research Lobachevsky State University, 603022 Nizhny Novgorod, Russia; (S.A.R.); (I.P.I.); (A.A.G.); (S.D.Z.)
| | - Anna A. Golovacheva
- Department of High-Molecular Compounds and Colloid Chemistry, National Research Lobachevsky State University, 603022 Nizhny Novgorod, Russia; (S.A.R.); (I.P.I.); (A.A.G.); (S.D.Z.)
| | - Daria A. Zykova
- Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education, Privolzhsky Research Medical University of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, 603950 Nizhny Novgorod, Russia; (E.V.A.); (T.F.K.); (D.A.Z.)
| | - Sergey D. Zaitsev
- Department of High-Molecular Compounds and Colloid Chemistry, National Research Lobachevsky State University, 603022 Nizhny Novgorod, Russia; (S.A.R.); (I.P.I.); (A.A.G.); (S.D.Z.)
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13
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Sahu R, Pattanayak SP. Strategic Developments & Future Perspective on Gene Therapy for Breast Cancer: Role of mTOR and Brk/ PTK6 as Molecular Targets. Curr Gene Ther 2021; 20:237-258. [PMID: 32807051 DOI: 10.2174/1566523220999200731002408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2020] [Revised: 07/16/2020] [Accepted: 07/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Breast cancer is a serious health issue and a major concern in biomedical research. Alteration in major signaling (viz. PI3K-AKT-mTOR, Ras-Raf-MEK-Erk, NF-kB, cyclin D1, JAK-STAT, Wnt, Notch, Hedgehog signaling and apoptotic pathway) contributes to the development of major subtypes of mammary carcinoma such as HER2 positive, TNBC, luminal A and B and normal-like breast cancer. Further, mutation and expression parameters of different genes involved in the growth and development of cells play an important role in the progress of different types of carcinoma, making gene therapy an emerging new therapeutic approach for the management of life-threatening diseases like cancer. The genetic targets (oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes) play a major role in the formation of a tumor. Brk/PTK6 and mTOR are two central molecules that are involved in the regulation of numerous signaling related to cell growth, proliferation, angiogenesis, survival, invasion, metastasis, apoptosis, and autophagy. Since these two proteins are highly upregulated in mammary carcinogenesis, this can be used as targeted genes for the treatment of breast cancer. However, not much work has been done on them. This review highlights the therapeutic significance of Brk and mTOR and their associated signaling in mammary carcinogenesis, which may provide a strategy to develop gene therapy for breast cancer management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roja Sahu
- Division of Advanced Pharmacology, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technology, Birla Institute of Technology, Mesra, Ranchi, Jharkhand- 835 215, India
| | - Shakti P Pattanayak
- Division of Advanced Pharmacology, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technology, Birla Institute of Technology, Mesra, Ranchi, Jharkhand- 835 215, India,Department of Pharmacy, Central University of South Bihar (Gaya), Bihar-824 236, India
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14
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Safi A, Heidarian E, Ahmadi R. Quercetin Synergistically Enhances the Anticancer Efficacy of Docetaxel through Induction of Apoptosis and Modulation of PI3K/AKT, MAPK/ERK, and JAK/STAT3 Signaling Pathways in MDA-MB-231 Breast Cancer Cell Line. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR AND CELLULAR MEDICINE 2021; 10:11-22. [PMID: 34268250 PMCID: PMC8256834 DOI: 10.22088/ijmcm.bums.10.1.11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2020] [Accepted: 01/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Docetaxel is widely used in the treatment of metastatic breast cancer. However, its effectiveness is limited due to chemoresistance and its undesirable side effects. The combination of chemotherapeutic agents and natural compounds is an effective strategy to overcome drug resistance and the ensuing inevitable toxicities. Quercetin is a natural flavonoid with strong antioxidant and anticancer activities. This study aimed to evaluate the cytotoxic and modulatory effects of combined docetaxel and quercetin on the MDA-MB-231 human breast cancer cell line. The cell viability was assessed by MTT assay. The induction of apoptosis was examined using flow cytometry. The role of p53 in the apoptotic process was evaluated via qRT-PCR. The levels of BAX, BCL2, ERK1/2, AKT, and STAT3 proteins were measured by Western blot analysis. The results showed that the single-agent treatment with docetaxel or quercetin leads to a decrease in the viability of the MDA-MB-231 cells at 48 h. Furthermore, the combination of docetaxel (7 nM) and quercetin (95 μM) displayed the greatest synergistic effects with a combination index value of 0.76 accompanied by the up regulation of p53 and a significant increase in BAX level, as well as decrease in the levels of BCL2, pERK1/2, AKT, and STAT3 proteins (P < 0.05). The concomitant use of docetaxel and quercetin leads to the cell growth inhibition associated with the induction of apoptosis and inhibition of cell survival. Therefore, this study provides a promising therapeutic approach to enhance the efficacy of docetaxel in a less-toxic manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amir Safi
- Clinical Biochemistry Research Center, Basic Health Sciences Institute, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Esfandiar Heidarian
- Clinical Biochemistry Research Center, Basic Health Sciences Institute, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Reza Ahmadi
- Clinical Biochemistry Research Center, Basic Health Sciences Institute, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran
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15
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Derakhshani A, Rostami Z, Safarpour H, Shadbad MA, Nourbakhsh NS, Argentiero A, Taefehshokr S, Tabrizi NJ, Kooshkaki O, Astamal RV, Singh PK, Taefehshokr N, Alizadeh N, Silvestris N, Baradaran B. From Oncogenic Signaling Pathways to Single-Cell Sequencing of Immune Cells: Changing the Landscape of Cancer Immunotherapy. Molecules 2021; 26:2278. [PMID: 33920054 PMCID: PMC8071039 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26082278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2021] [Revised: 04/09/2021] [Accepted: 04/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Over the past decade, there have been remarkable advances in understanding the signaling pathways involved in cancer development. It is well-established that cancer is caused by the dysregulation of cellular pathways involved in proliferation, cell cycle, apoptosis, cell metabolism, migration, cell polarity, and differentiation. Besides, growing evidence indicates that extracellular matrix signaling, cell surface proteoglycans, and angiogenesis can contribute to cancer development. Given the genetic instability and vast intra-tumoral heterogeneity revealed by the single-cell sequencing of tumoral cells, the current approaches cannot eliminate the mutating cancer cells. Besides, the polyclonal expansion of tumor-infiltrated lymphocytes in response to tumoral neoantigens cannot elicit anti-tumoral immune responses due to the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment. Nevertheless, the data from the single-cell sequencing of immune cells can provide valuable insights regarding the expression of inhibitory immune checkpoints/related signaling factors in immune cells, which can be used to select immune checkpoint inhibitors and adjust their dosage. Indeed, the integration of the data obtained from the single-cell sequencing of immune cells with immune checkpoint inhibitors can increase the response rate of immune checkpoint inhibitors, decrease the immune-related adverse events, and facilitate tumoral cell elimination. This study aims to review key pathways involved in tumor development and shed light on single-cell sequencing. It also intends to address the shortcomings of immune checkpoint inhibitors, i.e., their varied response rates among cancer patients and increased risk of autoimmunity development, via applying the data from the single-cell sequencing of immune cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Afshin Derakhshani
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz 51656-65811, Iran; (A.D.); (M.A.S.); (S.T.); (N.J.T.); (R.V.A.); (N.A.)
- IRCCS Istituto Tumori “Giovanni Paolo II” of Bari, 70124 Bari, Italy;
| | - Zeinab Rostami
- Student Research Committee, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand 97178-53577, Iran; (Z.R.); (O.K.)
| | - Hossein Safarpour
- Cellular & Molecular Research Center, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand 97178-53577, Iran;
| | - Mahdi Abdoli Shadbad
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz 51656-65811, Iran; (A.D.); (M.A.S.); (S.T.); (N.J.T.); (R.V.A.); (N.A.)
- Student Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz 51666-14766, Iran
| | | | | | - Sina Taefehshokr
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz 51656-65811, Iran; (A.D.); (M.A.S.); (S.T.); (N.J.T.); (R.V.A.); (N.A.)
| | - Neda Jalili Tabrizi
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz 51656-65811, Iran; (A.D.); (M.A.S.); (S.T.); (N.J.T.); (R.V.A.); (N.A.)
| | - Omid Kooshkaki
- Student Research Committee, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand 97178-53577, Iran; (Z.R.); (O.K.)
| | - Reza Vaezi Astamal
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz 51656-65811, Iran; (A.D.); (M.A.S.); (S.T.); (N.J.T.); (R.V.A.); (N.A.)
| | - Pankaj Kumar Singh
- Principal Research Technologist, Department of Radiation Oncology, Mayo Clinic, 4500 San Pablo Rd S, Jacksonville, FL 32224, USA;
| | - Nima Taefehshokr
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Center for Human Immunology, The University of Western Ontario, London, ON N6A 5C1, Canada;
| | - Nazila Alizadeh
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz 51656-65811, Iran; (A.D.); (M.A.S.); (S.T.); (N.J.T.); (R.V.A.); (N.A.)
| | - Nicola Silvestris
- IRCCS Istituto Tumori “Giovanni Paolo II” of Bari, 70124 Bari, Italy;
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, 70124 Bari, Italy
| | - Behzad Baradaran
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz 51656-65811, Iran; (A.D.); (M.A.S.); (S.T.); (N.J.T.); (R.V.A.); (N.A.)
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz 51666-14766, Iran
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16
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Chitosan Coated Luteolin Nanostructured Lipid Carriers: Optimization, In Vitro-Ex Vivo Assessments and Cytotoxicity Study in Breast Cancer Cells. COATINGS 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/coatings11020158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
In the present study, luteolin (LTN)-encapsulated chitosan (CS) coated nanostructured lipid carriers (NLCs) were formulated using the melt emulsification ultrasonication technique. NLCs were optimized by using the 33-QbD approach for improved in vitro efficacy against breast cancer cell lines. The optimized LTN-CS-NLCs were successfully characterized by different in vitro and ex vivo experiments as well as evaluated for cytotoxicity in MDA-MB-231 and MCF-7 cell lines. The prepared LTN-CS-NLCs showed particle size (PS), polydispersity index (PDI), and entrapment efficiency (%EE) in the range between 101.25 nm and 158.04 nm, 0.11 and 0.20, and 65.55% and 95.37%, respectively. Coating of NLCs with CS significantly increased the particle size, encapsulation efficiency, and zeta potential changes positively. Moreover, slow-release rate of LTN was achieved during 24 h of study for LTN-CS-NLCs. In addition, optimized LTN-CS-NLCs showed significantly higher mucoadhesion, gastrointestinal stability, and intestinal permeation compared to non-coated LTN-NLCs and LTN suspension. Furthermore, LTN-CS-NLCs showed statistically enhanced antioxidant potential as well as dose and time-dependent cytotoxicity against MDA-MB-231 and MCF-7 cells compared to uncoated LTN-NLCs and pure LTN. On the basis of the above findings, it may be stated that chitosan-coated LTN-NLCs represents a great potential for breast cancer management.
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17
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Telomerase reverse transcriptase downregulation by RNA interference modulates endoplasmic reticulum stress and mitochondrial energy production. Mol Biol Rep 2020; 47:7735-7743. [PMID: 32959195 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-020-05848-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2020] [Accepted: 09/15/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Telomerase is a cancer promoting ribonucleoprotein complex and is a potential therapeutic target for cancer. In this study, the effects of telomerase downregulation on the whole cell proteome were investigated. Understanding how the effect of downregulation on the whole proteome profile will generate a greater understanding of the possible roles played by telomerase in cancer. Downregulation was achieved by RNA interference (RNAi), targeting the telomerase reverse transcriptase (TERT) subunits of telomerase. Transfection of TERT siRNA downregulates TERT gene expression and induced downregulation of telomerase activity. Investigation of the effect of silencing TERT in telomerase was further validated through proteomic analysis by performing 2-dimension electrophoresis (2DE) coupled with MALDI-TOF/TOF. 12 protein spots in HeLa cells were reported to be significantly differentially expressed with 11 of them were upregulated and 1 downregulated. Through STRING analysis, differentially expressed proteins demonstrated strong associations with endoplasmic reticulum stress marker and mitochondrial energy production marker. In conclusions, the result exhibited novel integrated proteomic response involving endoplasmic reticulum stress and mitochondrial energy production in response to the TERT downregulation in cervical cancer cells.
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18
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Abstract
This Special Issue on Cancer Nanomedicine within Cancers brings together 46 cutting-edge papers covering research within the field along with insightful reviews and opinions reflecting our community [...].
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Affiliation(s)
- Clare Hoskins
- School of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow G1 1RD, UK
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19
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Li A, Schleicher SM, Andre F, Mitri ZI. Genomic Alteration in Metastatic Breast Cancer and Its Treatment. Am Soc Clin Oncol Educ Book 2020; 40:1-14. [PMID: 32213086 DOI: 10.1200/edbk_280463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Metastatic breast cancer (mBC) remains responsible for the majority of breast cancer deaths. Whereas clinical outcomes have improved with the development of novel therapies, resistance almost inevitably develops, indicating the need for novel therapeutic approaches for the treatment of mBC. Recent investigations into mBC genomic alterations have revealed novel and potential therapeutic targets. Most notably, therapies against PIK3CA mutation and germline BRCA1/2 mutations have solidified the role of targeted therapy in mBC, with treatments against these alterations now approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) on the basis of clinical benefit for patients with mBC. Familiarity with relevant genomic alterations in mBC, technologies for mutation detection, methods of interpreting genomic alterations, and an understanding of their clinical impact will aid practicing clinicians in the treatment of mBC as the field of breast oncology moves toward the era of precision medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allen Li
- Department of Hematology Oncology, Oregon Health & Science University, Knight Cancer Institute, Portland, OR
| | | | - Fabrice Andre
- Gustave Roussy Cancer Center, Université Paris Saclay, Villejuif, France
| | - Zahi I Mitri
- Department of Hematology Oncology, Oregon Health & Science University, Knight Cancer Institute, Portland, OR
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20
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Afzal M, Ameeduzzafar, Alharbi KS, Alruwaili NK, Al-Abassi FA, Al-Malki AAL, Kazmi I, Kumar V, Kamal MA, Nadeem MS, Aslam M, Anwar F. Nanomedicine in treatment of breast cancer - A challenge to conventional therapy. Semin Cancer Biol 2019; 69:279-292. [PMID: 31870940 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2019.12.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2019] [Revised: 11/18/2019] [Accepted: 12/03/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Amongst the various types of cancer, breast cancer is a highly heterogeneous disease and known as the leading cause of death among women globally. The extensive interdisciplinary investigation in nanotechnology and cancer biomedical research has been evolved over the years for its effective treatment. However, the advent of chemotherapeutic resistance in breast cancer is one of the major confront researchers are facing in achieving successful chemotherapy. Research in the area of cancer nanotechnology over the years have now been revolutionized through the development of smart polymers, lipids, inorganic materials and eventually their surface-engineering with targeting ligands. Moreover, nanotechnology further extended and brings in the notice the new theranostic approach which combining the therapy and imaging simultaneously. Currently, research is being envisaged in the area of novel nano-pharmaceutical design viz. liposome, nanotubes, polymer lipid hybrid system, which focuses to make the chemotherapy curative and long-lasting. In this review, we aimed to discuss the recent advancement of different surface-engineered/targeted nanomedicines that improved the drug efficacy in breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Afzal
- College of Pharmacy, Jouf University, Al-Jouf, Sakaka, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ameeduzzafar
- College of Pharmacy, Jouf University, Al-Jouf, Sakaka, Saudi Arabia
| | | | | | - Fahad A Al-Abassi
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University Jeddah 21589 Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Imran Kazmi
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University Jeddah 21589 Saudi Arabia
| | - Vikas Kumar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Natural Product Drug Discovery Laboratory, Sam Higginbottom University of Agriculture, Technology & Sciences, Allahabad, India
| | - Mohammad Amjad Kamal
- King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, P. O. Box 80216, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia; Enzymoics, 7 Peterlee Place, Hebersham, NSW 2770, Australia; Novel Global Community Educational Foundation, Australia
| | - Muhammad Shahid Nadeem
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University Jeddah 21589 Saudi Arabia
| | - Muhammad Aslam
- Statistics Department, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University Jeddah 21589 Saudi Arabia
| | - Firoz Anwar
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University Jeddah 21589 Saudi Arabia.
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